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Journal articles on the topic 'Vertical handoffs'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Mahardhika, Gita, Mahamod Ismail, and Rosdiadee Nordin. "Vertical Handover Decision Algorithm Using Multicriteria Metrics in Heterogeneous Wireless Network." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/539750.

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Heterogeneous network concept was introduced to satisfy the demands of network’s traffic capacity and data rate. It consists of multiplatform networks with various radio access technologies. Conventionally, a mobile user may roam and accomplish the vertical handover using single criteria, such as received signal strength (RSS). Single criteria vertical handover decision, however, may cause inefficient handoff, unbalanced network load, and service interruption. This paper proposed an improved vertical handover decision using multicriteria metrics in the environment of heterogeneous network consisting of three network interfaces: (i) wireless local area network (WLAN), (ii) wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), and (iii) worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX). In the vertical handover decision, four metrics are considered: (i) RSS, (ii) mobile speed, (iii) traffic class, and (iv) network occupancy. There are three types of the vertical handover decision algorithm: (i) equal priority, (ii) mobile priority, and (iii) network priority. Equal priority multicriteria handover algorithm improved the number of handoffs by 46.60 while mobile priority multicriteria algorithm improved the number of handoffs by 90.41% and improved the balance index by 0.09%. Network priority multicriteria method improved the number of handoffs by 84.60%, balance index by 18.03%, and average blocking probability by 20.23%.

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2

Widjaja, Damar, and Peerapong Uthansakul. "Optimum Threshold for Velocity Considered-SINR Based Vertical Handoff Decision in HetNet." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 14, no. 2 (July 5, 2016): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2016142.171138.

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A heterogeneous network (HetNet) that consists of various wireless networks is being massively studied. Integration of the networks should be error free to achieve seamless communication. The seamless vertical handoff (VHO) remains a challenging problem in HetNet studies. Several criteria for VHO decision have been studied in the literature, such as Received Signal Strength (RSS) and Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR). It has been shown that SINR based VHO has superior performance compare to RSS based VHO. However, there are some limitations in SINR based VHO scheme. This study aims to overcome those limitations by considering user velocity as an additional criterion for SINR based VHO decision. User velocity is represented in the value of additional SINR threshold. The basic principle of the proposed algorithm is that slow speed user should stay longer in WLAN cells and high speed user should stay longer in WCDMA cells. Simulation results show that there is a trade-off between average throughput and the number of unnecessary handoffs per call. In this study, optimum threshold is obtained when the high percentage of unnecessary handoffs reduction is reached with an acceptable value of average throughput for multimedia data transfer.

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Jha, Keshav, Akhil Gupta, Abdulatif Alabdulatif, Sudeep Tanwar, Calin Ovidiu Safirescu, and Traian Candin Mihaltan. "CSVAG: Optimizing Vertical Handoff Using Hybrid Cuckoo Search and Genetic Algorithm-Based Approaches." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 8547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148547.

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One of the primary challenges that wireless technology in the present generation is facing is always best connected (ABC) service. This is possible only when the wireless overlay networks follow a cooperative and coordinated process. Vertical handoff is one such process. Concerning this process, the main challenge is to develop algorithms that take care of optimal connection management with proper resource utilization for uninterrupted mobility. In this paper, we develop a new hybrid cuckoo search (CS) and genetic algorithm (GA) that maximizes the performance of heterogeneous wireless systems in terms of minimizing latency, handover failure probability, and enhancing the throughput. We focus on an optimized simulation framework to demonstrate the advantage of our hybrid model. It can be discerned from the simulation analysis that the proposed hybrid technique increases throughput by 17% and 8% compared to the cuckoo search and genetic algorithms applied individually. The performance of the proposed scheme is promising for applications wherein the handoff mechanisms have to be optimized to control frequent handoffs to further reduce the power consumption of user equipment.

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4

Khurana, Preeti, Keshav Jha, and Akhil Gupta. "Bandwidth Optimization for Vertical Handoff using Hybrid Cuckoo Search and Genetic Algorithm Scheme." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2327, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2327/1/012055.

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Abstract Future remote systems should have the option to handle the gain in a different system state. One of the most of the time tried issues for coordination is the vertical handoff, which is an option to handoff portable hubs between different systems. While customary handoff codes are based on quality checks, vertical handoffs must assess additional factors, for example, funding costs, proposed governance, systematic location, and customer learning. In this paper, some improvements are proposed for the implementation of vertical handoff option calculations aimed at increasing the nature of the administration experienced by each customer. Firstly, talk about the idea of alignment-based handoff is done. At that point, cost efficiency can be achieved by sending decisions on the target systems depending on the classification of the customer and the measurements provided by the system. Finally, a demonstration investigation suggests that the proposed reforms can achieve significant gains like governance and the productive use of assets. In the present work, two other half-schemes are proposed using the cuckoo search calculation and the genealogical calculation. In the two mixing plots, the calculation consists of two steps: the primary stage, which examines the location of the cuckoo search (CS), or the genetic algorithm (GA). In the subsequent stage, to improve worldwide pursuit and dispose of catching into a few neighbourhood optima is done. Reproducibility results and testing with old-time CS and GA calculations confirm the feasibility of the proposed computation in designing various benchmark correction capabilities.

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5

Taha, Abd-Elhamid M., Hossam S. Hassanein, and Hussein T. Mouftah. "Vertical handoffs as a radio resource management tool." Computer Communications 31, no. 5 (March 2008): 950–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2007.12.027.

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6

Kaleem, Faisal, Abolfazl Mehbodniya, Kang K. Yen, and Fumiyuki Adachi. "A Fuzzy Preprocessing Module for Optimizing the Access Network Selection in Wireless Networks." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/232198.

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A heterogeneous wireless network is characterized by the presence of different wireless access technologies that coexist in an overlay fashion. These wireless access technologies usually differ in terms of their operating parameters. On the other hand, Mobile Stations (MSs) in a heterogeneous wireless network are equipped with multiple interfaces to access different types of services from these wireless access technologies. The ultimate goal of these heterogeneous wireless networks is to provide global connectivity with efficient ubiquitous computing to these MSs based on the Always Best Connected (ABC) principle. This is where the need for intelligent and efficient Vertical Handoffs (VHOs) between wireless technologies in a heterogeneous environment becomes apparent. This paper presents the design and implementation of a fuzzy multicriteria based Vertical Handoff Necessity Estimation (VHONE) scheme that determines the proper time for VHO, while considering the continuity and quality of the currently utilized service, and the end-users' satisfaction.

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7

Petander, Henrik, Eranga Perera, and Aruna Seneviratne. "Multicasting with selective delivery: a SafetyNet for vertical handoffs." Wireless Personal Communications 43, no. 3 (April 12, 2007): 945–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9258-3.

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8

Chang, Hsung-Pin, Yu-Chieh Lin, and Shiu-Hau Chen. "System supports for protocol and application adaptation in vertical handoffs." Software: Practice and Experience 39, no. 8 (June 10, 2009): 739–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.910.

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9

Bellavista, Paolo, Antonio Corradi, and Luca Foschini. "IMS-Compliant management of vertical handoffs for mobile multimedia session continuity." IEEE Communications Magazine 48, no. 4 (April 2010): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2010.5439084.

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10

McNair, J., and Fang Zhu. "Migration toward 4G wireless communications - Vertical handoffs in fourth-generation multinetwork environments." IEEE Wireless Communications 11, no. 3 (June 2004): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2004.1308935.

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11

Wu, Yanling, Ming Li, and Guobin Zhang. "Investigation of an Analytical Model Based on Resource Factor for Vertical Handoffs." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2014): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2014.9.9.03.

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12

Daniel, Laila, and Markku Kojo. "Employing cross-layer assisted TCP algorithms to improve TCP performance with vertical handoffs." International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems 1, no. 4/5/6 (2008): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcnds.2008.021078.

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13

Li, Ming, Yanling Wu, and Guobin Zhang. "Performance Analysis and Evaluation of an Analytical Model for Vertical Handoffs in Heterogeneous Networks." International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking 7, no. 4 (August 31, 2014): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijfgcn.2014.7.4.14.

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14

Goyal, Pramod, D. K. Lobiyal, and C. P. Katti. "Dynamic user preference based group vertical handoffs in heterogeneous wireless networks: a non-cooperative game approach." Wireless Networks 26, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 775–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-018-1826-9.

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15

Radouche, Said, and Cherkaoui Leghris. "New Network Selection Algorithm Based on Cosine Similarity Distance and PSO in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2021 (October 11, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6613460.

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Future wireless communication networks will be composed of different technologies with complementary characteristics. Thus, vertical handover (VHO) must support seamless mobility in such heterogeneous environments. The network selection is an important phase in the VHO process and it can be formulated as a multiattribute decision-making problem. So, the mobile terminal equipped with multiple interfaces will be able to choose the most suitable network. This work proposes an access network selection algorithm, based on cosine similarity distance, subjective weights using Fuzzy ANP, and objective weights using particle swarm optimization. The comprehensive weights are based on the cosine similarity distance between the networks and the ideal network. Finally, the candidate network with the minimum cosine distance to the ideal network will be selected in the VHO network selection stage. The performance analysis shows that our proposed method, based on cosine similarity distance and combination weights, reduces the ranking abnormality and number of handoffs in comparison with other MADM methods in the literature.

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16

Radouche, Said, and Cherkaoui Leghris. "Network selection based on chi-square distance and reputation for internet of things." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp823-832.

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The internet of things (IoT) has become one of the most important technologies of the 21<sup>st</sup> century. The IoT environment is composed of heterogeneous IoT communication networks. These technologies are complementary and need to be integrated to meet the requirements of different types of IoT applications that require the mobility of the IoT device under different IoT communication networks. In this paper, the vertical handover decision method is considered to select the appropriate network among different IoT technologies. So, IoT devices, equipped with several radio technologies, can select the most suitable network based on several criteria like quality of service (QoS), cost, power, and security. In this work, a multi-attribute decision-making algorithm (MADM) based on techniques for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) that uses chi-square distance instead of Euclidean distance is proposed. The network reputation is added to reduce the average number of handoffs. The proposed algorithm was implemented to select the best technology depending on the requirements of the different IoT traffic classes. The obtained results showed that our proposition outperforms the traditional MADM algorithms.

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17

Song, Qing Yang, Xun Li, Shu Yu Ding, and Zhao Long Ning. "A Markov-Based Multi-Attribute Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.1403.

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Many vertical handoff decision algorithms have not considered the impact of call dropping during the vertical handoff decision process. Besides, most of current multi-attribute vertical handoff algorithms cannot predict users’ specific circumstances dynamically. In this paper, we formulate the vertical handoff decision problem as a Markov decision process, with the objective of maximizing the expected total reward during the handoff procedure. A reward function is formulated to assess the service quality during each connection. The G1 and entropy methods are applied in an iterative way, by which we can work out a stationary deterministic policy. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm compared with the existing methods.

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18

JAIN, AABHA, and SANJIV TOKEKAR. "Application Specific Performance Evaluation of Vertical Handoff in UMTS-WLAN Network." Journal of Interconnection Networks 18, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265918500135.

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The next generation of wireless system is expected to provide multimedia, multi class services any time anywhere with seamless mobility and Quality of Service (QoS). In such environment, vertical handoff management plays an important and challenging role. Some of the main functions of vertical handoff management are: to implement appropriate vertical handoff decision to minimize number of unnecessary handoff, to maintain minimum vertical handoff latency for seamless mobility and to provide guaranteed acceptable QoS required for user satisfaction. Thus, in this paper to avoid unnecessary handoff in integrated heterogeneous network we have proposed that the vertical handoff decision depends on coverage area of the network and the speed of the Mobile Node. Application specific cut-off speed for particular coverage range of network during which handoff is beneficial has been determined. Real time applications like HDTV, MPEG-4, and H.261 are considered in integrated heterogeneous network of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) and WLAN. Vertical handoff latency is analyzed for varied network traffic load, types of application and varied speed of Mobile Node. Effect of Mobile Node speed on packet loss is also analyzed. Finally, to satisfy user with acceptable end to end QoS, especially in the presence of heterogeneous integrated networks where every network has individual QoS, an end to end QoS mapping scheme between UMTS and WLAN integrated network has been proposed. The simulation is performed using Network Simulator NS-2 with NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) add on module.

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19

Li, Limin, Lin Ma, Yubin Xu, and Yunhai Fu. "Motion Adaptive Vertical Handoff in Cellular/WLAN Heterogeneous Wireless Network." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/341038.

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In heterogeneous wireless network, vertical handoff plays an important role for guaranteeing quality of service and overall performance of network. Conventional vertical handoff trigger schemes are mostly developed from horizontal handoff in homogeneous cellular network. Basically, they can be summarized as hysteresis-based and dwelling-timer-based algorithms, which are reliable on avoiding unnecessary handoff caused by the terminals dwelling at the edge of WLAN coverage. However, the coverage of WLAN is much smaller compared with cellular network, while the motion types of terminals can be various in a typical outdoor scenario. As a result, traditional algorithms are less effective in avoiding unnecessary handoff triggered by vehicle-borne terminals with various speeds. Besides that, hysteresis and dwelling-timer thresholds usually need to be modified to satisfy different channel environments. For solving this problem, a vertical handoff algorithm based on Q-learning is proposed in this paper. Q-learning can provide the decider with self-adaptive ability for handling the terminals’ handoff requests with different motion types and channel conditions. Meanwhile, Neural Fuzzy Inference System (NFIS) is embedded to retain a continuous perception of the state space. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm can achieve lower unnecessary handoff probability compared with the other two conventional algorithms.

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20

Buragohain, Madhurima. "Vertical Handoff in Wireless 4G Heterogeneous Networks." Circulation in Computer Science 2, no. 10 (November 30, 2017): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22632/ccs-2017-252-62.

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In today’s high-speed communication era, when a user moves from one network to another, voice call and video streaming should not be interrupted. Different wireless network technologies such as WLAN, a cellular network, WiMAX coexist and they have different data rate and different area of coverage. Therefore, it is very challengeable to design an efficient vertical handoff scheme which will satisfy the seamless connectivity and provide Quality of Service(QoS). The aim of this paper is the different classification of handoff and survey the existing vertical Handoff decision making algorithms.

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21

Goutam, Siddharth, and Srija Unnikrishnan. "Design, Implementation, and Analysis of Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 13, no. 3 (July 2021): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2021070103.

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The increasing use of mobile communication and computing has made accurate and efficient methods of executing vertical handoff a necessity. This research paper captures the design and implementation of an effectual algorithm for making decision for vertical handoff based on fuzzy logic. The input parameters considered are bandwidth, battery status, and cost. The authors present analysis of the handover value, which gives the handoff decision, in relation to the input attributes, using regression analysis, correlation analysis, and ANOVA.

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22

Pradika, Andrea. "Analisis Metode Vertikal Handoff Pada Jaringan UMTS." Jurnal Minfo Polgan 10, no. 2 (June 9, 2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/jmp.v10i2.11455.

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Penelitian ini menganalisis peningkatan kinerja jaringan saat dilakukan penyisipan dua WLAN diperbatasan jaringan Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Jaringan WLAN tersebut berfungsi untuk melayani MS ketika sinyal UMTS lemah. Evaluasi kinerja akan disimulasikan dalam simulator dengan parameter kinerja yang dianalisis yaitu jumlah handoff dan probabilitas outage. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa dengan melakukan penyisipan dua WLAN di perbatasan jaringan UMTS, nilai probabilitas outage semakin kecil pada titik 230 meter dengan Smin (batas threshold) = -70 dBm adalah 0,640 menjadi 0.244, dan pada Smin = -80 dBm adalah 0,103 menjadi 0,004.Namun jumlah handoff semakin meningkat, pada Smin = -70 dBm diperoleh jumlah handoff 1.00 menjadi 3,00 kali, dan pada Smin = -80 dBm diperoleh jumlah handoff 1,10 menjadi 4,45 kali. Sehingga mengurangi kerugian pada pelanggan yakni daya baterai, biaya jaringan, dan menyebabkan tidak terjadinya drop call.

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23

Ríos López, Carlos Andrés. "Vertical Handoff: Overview and Innovations." Sistemas y Telemática 7, no. 14 (March 24, 2010): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18046/syt.v7i14.1013.

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24

Ali, Ikram, Mohammad Faisal, and Sohail Abbas. "A Survey on Lightweight Authentication Schemes in Vertical Handoff." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 26, no. 01 (March 2017): 1630001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843016300011.

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Lightweight authentication is one of the solutions proposed in order to reduce the time required for authentication during vertical handoff across heterogeneous networks. Reducing the handoff latency is considered to be a challenging issue. It arises when a user requires maintaining its service continuity while traveling across heterogeneous networks. For example, a mobile user may change access networks while being engaged in different scenarios, such as browsing Internet, using real-time applications or collaborating in cooperative information systems. Delay in the vertical handoff creates many problems, i.e. packet loss, service interruption, security problems, etc. Fast and lightweight authentication schemes are always tempted in such application domains because of many benefits, for instance seamless and efficient handoff, service continuity, guaranteed quality of service (QoS) and suitability for real-time applications while maintaining security. Various techniques have been proposed in this domain to reduce authentication delay. However, these methods do not fully address all the issues in the problem domain; for example, these methods have deficiencies in terms of security, monetary cost, signaling cost and packet latency. In this paper, a comparative study of different lightweight authentication methods is presented but the main focus of this work is one of the different implementations. An overview of major problems and their solutions are presented along with their strengths and limitations. Different emerging research areas are also presented in the domain of lightweight authentication in the vertical handoff.

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25

Chang, Shih Yu, and Pin-Han Ho. "A Cooperative Two-Step Vertical Handoff Scheme with Mobility Prediction." Journal of Networking and Network Applications 1, no. 3 (2021): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33969/j-nana.2021.010301.

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As mobile communication evolves into 3G beyond, the interworking of multiple heterogeneous networks serves as the major effort for taking the best advantage of different technologies available in supporting various emerging services, such as VoIP, Video on Demand (VoD), and IP Television (IPTV), etc. Vertical handoff is one of the key mechanisms in achieving Always Best Connected (ABC) for the mobile users by leveraging the benefits of deploying different types of networks for provisioning seamless handoff/roaming services in presence of user mobility. This paper aims to introduce a novel cooperative two-step vertical handoff scheme for the integration of 3G Wireless Wide-Area Networks (WWAN) and the IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local-Area Networks (WLANs). The proposed scheme is based on the cooperation based access point (AP) and mobile station (MS), where the AP manipulates the sensed signal strength to determine whether a pre-handoff action should be initiated. To improve the accuracy of user mobility prediction, a Markov model that incorporates with a novel parameter training process is developed at the AP for acquiring the hotspot geographic arrangement, such as the location of aisles, walls, and entrances/exits, etc., which is considered as the major factor of determining the user mobility patterns in an indoor hotspot. We will justify feasibility and discuss the operation complexity of the proposed cooperative vertical handoff. Moreover, error propagation due to inaccurate signal strength measurement is studied through Maximum Likelihood estimation. Finally, we will clearly demonstrate the merits gained by using the proposed two-step vertical handoff mechanism through extensive simulation, where the derived analytical models are verified.

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26

Jayasheela, C. S., and Dr Gowrishankar. "Robust and Reliable Vertical Handoff Technique for Next Generation Wireless Networks." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 12 (December 24, 2018): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.12.1045.

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Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWNs) focus on providing consistent Quality of Service (QoS) to network users; to achieve this goal, Cooperative Communication (CC) framework is popularly utilized. Here, multiple wireless networks cooperate to provide consistent QoS to the user. Vertical Handoff (VH) is one of the extensively used techniques in CC framework. Here, the user, whose original network is unable to provide requested QoS is migrated to neighboring wireless network--which can deliver the requested QoS. In the literature, raft of techniques have been presented for VH. However, almost all these techniques have ignored formal methods to analyze reliability and robustness of handoff decisions, which are extremely essential to support the merits of handoff decisions. In this work, formal methods to analyze reliability and robustness of handoff decisions are presented. The proposed VH technique is achieved through Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) architecture. Simulation results exhibit the relative merits of the proposed VH technique in-terms of reliability and robustness against contemporary VH technique.

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27

Jayasheela, C. S., and Dr Gowrishankar. "Robust and Reliable Vertical Handoff Technique for Next Generation Wireless Networks." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 12 (December 24, 2018): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.12.1045.

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Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWNs) focus on providing consistent Quality of Service (QoS) to network users; to achieve this goal, Cooperative Communication (CC) framework is popularly utilized. Here, multiple wireless networks cooperate to provide consistent QoS to the user. Vertical Handoff (VH) is one of the extensively used techniques in CC framework. Here, the user, whose original network is unable to provide requested QoS is migrated to neighboring wireless network--which can deliver the requested QoS. In the literature, raft of techniques have been presented for VH. However, almost all these techniques have ignored formal methods to analyze reliability and robustness of handoff decisions, which are extremely essential to support the merits of handoff decisions. In this work, formal methods to analyze reliability and robustness of handoff decisions are presented. The proposed VH technique is achieved through Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) architecture. Simulation results exhibit the relative merits of the proposed VH technique in-terms of reliability and robustness against contemporary VH technique.

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28

Trabelsi, Sihem, and Noureddine Boudriga. "Predictive Dynamic Uplink /Downlink Resource Reservation for Vertical Handoff Optimization in 4G Networks." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 6, no. 4 (October 2010): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2010100104.

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The fourth generation of mobile wireless networks (4G) is expected to be the most promising architecture for QoS provision due to its scalability, convenience for mobility support and capability of interworking heterogeneous radio access networks, which ensure both session continuity and QoS support. One major design issue of the 4G is the support of optimized handoff functionalities. More specifically, total disruption during a handoff should be minimized and its complexity hidden to end users. In this regard, the authors focus on developing new dynamic predictive resource reservation schemes in 4G for both uplink and downlink to maximize handoff success probability. The paper illustrates how to reserve radio resources according to future mobile terminal location expressed in a probabilistic way, to load conditions or target Base Station/Access point BS/AP and to the specificity of the data structure of each access network. Different resource reservation algorithms are devised. The objective is to efficiently utilize wireless radio resources, enhance the handoff performances and improve system performance.

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29

Çalhan, Ali, and Celal Çeken. "Artificial Neural Network Based Vertical Handoff Algorithm for Reducing Handoff Latency." Wireless Personal Communications 71, no. 4 (November 28, 2012): 2399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0944-4.

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30

Liu, Guanqun, Ping Tan, and Lin Zi. "Vertical Handoff Algorithm Based On the Improved Joint Vertical Handover." International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2015): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijfgcn.2015.8.4.14.

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31

Tao, Yang, and Kun Zhou. "A Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm Based on QoS Evaluation." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1464.

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In the next generation of heterogeneous wireless network environment, to meet the network requirements of diverse services ,we propose a vertical handoff decision algorithm based on QoS evaluation that refine the handover unit to services. The proposed algorithm consider the needs of the services、 network conditions、 user preferences and other factors, and makes Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and cost function combine to choose the target network that is best meet the requirements of services . Comparing with the vertical handoff decision based on RSS, simulation results show that the proposed method can take full account of the different QoS requirements of various services types to choose the appropriate network, and would not cause performance degradation.

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32

Liu, Min, Zhong-Cheng Li, and Xiao-Bing Guo. "An Efficient Handoff Decision Algorithm for Vertical Handoff Between WWAN and WLAN." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 22, no. 1 (January 2007): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-007-9016-8.

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33

El Fachtali, Imad, Rachid Saadane, and Mohammed ElKoutbi. "Vertical Handover Decision Algorithm Using Ants’ Colonies for 4G Heterogeneous Wireless Networks." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6259802.

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With the development of 4G mobile telecommunication systems, providing users with the convenience of a seamless continuous connection is not enough anymore. Users want to be connected through the best available network with the best quality of service. It is necessary to have a good decision-making algorithm which decides whether it is necessary to perform handoff to another network, the best network to vertically perform handoff to, and the right time to initiate the handover. This paper proposes a new approach in which mobile terminals (MTs) continuously analyze the network and keep a database of the best available networks. The concept is based on QoS aware ant colony built on the vertical handoff mechanism that uses an updated version of ants’ colony optimization decision algorithm (ACOR), the dynamic and static factors such as RSS, the cost of service, bandwidth, the velocity of MT, the power consumption and security, and the module for predicting the traveling distance within an IEEE 802.11 WLAN cell. Simulation results show that we can not only meet the individual needs of users in terms of QoS, but also improve the whole system performance by reducing the number of handover failures and unnecessary handover instances by up to 95%.

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Sami Mohammad Tahir, Sana. "Vertical Handoff Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks." AL-Rafdain Engineering Journal (AREJ) 20, no. 3 (June 28, 2012): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2012.50480.

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Kamra, Alka. "Vertical Handoff Optimization in 4G Heterogeneous Networks." IJARCCE 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijarcce.2017.6669.

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Madaan, Jyoti, and Indu Kashyap. "An Overview of Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm." International Journal of Computer Applications 111, no. 3 (February 18, 2015): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/19517-1142.

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Mali, G. U., and D. K. Gautam. "Vertical Handoff Situation Awareness by Avalanche Effect." Communications on Applied Electronics 7, no. 9 (November 24, 2017): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/cae2017652710.

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38

XIE, Sheng-dong, and Meng WU. "Adaptive vertical handoff algorithm in heterogeneous networks." Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 14, no. 1 (March 2007): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8885(07)60050-8.

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Walid, Abdellaziz, Abdellatif Kobbane, Abdelfettah Mabrouk, Essaid Sabir, Tarik Taleb, and Mohammed El Koutbi. "Group vertical handoff management in heterogeneous networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 16, no. 10 (May 26, 2015): 1256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2599.

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Reddicherla, Vikram Raju, Umashankar Rawat, Y. Jeevan Nagendra Kumar, and Atef Zaguia. "Secure Vertical Handover to NEMO Using Hybrid Cryptosystem." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (June 26, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6751423.

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Abstract:

To provide security to all pairs of nodes in network mobility (NEMO) while executing the handoff between different technologies, a hybrid cryptosystem with a suitable network selection mechanism is proposed. All pairs of nodes, i.e., Mobile Node (MN), Mobile Router (MR), Correspondent Node (CN) and MN, and Home Agent (HA), respectively, are considered. A proper security mechanism is proposed to provide confidentiality to Bound Update (BU) during handoff and conversation between MN, MR, and HA using the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). In this solution, a network selection mechanism is proposed based on user preference and Received Signal Strength (RSS) in a heterogeneous network. The proposed model can protect the communication using security analysis from all NEMO standard attacks. Whenever NEMO moves, MR intimates to HA about the address change using (BU) and MR receives Binding Acknowledgement (BA) as a reply. During data (frame) exchange and registration between MN, CN, and HA, various security threats arise. In the earlier work, only the security solution is given, and the best network selection algorithm is not provided in a heterogeneous environment. Therefore, in this paper, the best network selection is contributed based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) and user preferences. A comparison of the proposed model is drawn with Return Routability Procedure (RRP). Authentication is provided for communication between MN and CN. The proof is derived using BAN logic. Many standard security attacks have been successfully avoided on all pairs of communications. It has been observed that the proposed model achieves 2.4854% better throughput than the existing models. Also, the proposed model reduces the handoff latency and packet loss by 2.7482% and 3.8274%, respectively.

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WANG, Jia. "Vertical handoff algorithm based on fuzzy logic control." Journal of Computer Applications 32, no. 10 (May 22, 2013): 2704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2012.02704.

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Velmurugan, T., Shashank Chaurasia, Prateek Sharma, and Sibaram Khara. "Efficient Vertical Handoff Algorithm for Mission-Critical Management." International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v5i3.5939.

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Madaan, Jyoti, and Indu Kashyap. "Vertical Handoff Decision Strategies in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks." Communications on Applied Electronics 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/cae-1652.

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Kustiawan, Iwan, Chun-Yi Liu, and D. Frank Hsu. "Vertical Handoff Decision Using Fuzzification and Combinatorial Fusion." IEEE Communications Letters 21, no. 9 (September 2017): 2089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2709750.

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Wei Wu, N. Banerjee, K. Basu, and S. K. Das. "SIP-based vertical handoff between WWANs and WLANs." IEEE Wireless Communications 12, no. 3 (June 2005): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2005.1452856.

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Kustiawan, I., T. Hariyadi, and D. R. Nurjannah. "Vertical handoff model in next generation wireless networks." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 850 (May 23, 2020): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/850/1/012053.

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Jain, Aabha, and Sanjiv Tokekar. "Application Based Vertical Handoff Decision in Heterogeneous Network." Procedia Computer Science 57 (2015): 782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.475.

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Smaoui, Ikram, Faouzi Zarai, Mohammad M. Banat, and Lotfi Kamoun. "Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: Configuration and Vertical Handoff Management." Wireless Personal Communications 54, no. 3 (May 13, 2009): 417–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9733-0.

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So, Jae-Woo. "Vertical handoff in integrated CDMA and WLAN systems." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 62, no. 6 (June 2008): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2007.07.002.

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Bhuvaneswari, A., and E. George Dharma Prakash Raj. "An Overview of Vertical Handoff Decision Making Algorithms." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 4, no. 9 (August 14, 2012): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2012.09.07.

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