Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vertical ground heat exchanger

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Academic literature on the topic 'Vertical ground heat exchanger'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Vertical ground heat exchanger"

1

Hu, Ying Ning, Ban Jun Peng, Shan Shan Hu, and Jun Lin. "Experimental Study of Heating-Cooling Combined Ground Source Heat Pump System with Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.398.

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A hot-water and air-conditioning (HWAC) combined ground sourse heat pump(GSHP) system with horizontal ground heat exchanger self-designed and actualized was presented in this paper. The heat transfer performance for the heat exchanger of two different pipe arrangements, three layers and four layers, respectively, was compared. It showed that the heat exchange quantity per pipe length for the pipe arrangement of three layers and four layers are 18.0 W/m and 15.0 W/m. The coefficient of performance (COP) of unit and system could remain 4.8 and 4.2 as GSHP system for heating water, and the COP of heating and cooling combination are up to 8.5 and 7.5, respectively. The power consumption of hot-water in a whole year is 9.0 kwh/t. The economy and feasibility analysis on vertical and horizontal ground heat exchanger were made, which showed that the investment cost per heat exchange quantity of horizontal ground heat exchanger is 51.4% lower than that of the vertical ground heat exchanger, but the occupied area of the former is 7 times larger than the latter's.
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Basok, Borys, Borys Davydenko, Hanna Koshlak, and Volodymyr Novikov. "Free Convection and Heat Transfer in Porous Ground Massif during Ground Heat Exchanger Operation." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 4843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144843.

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Heat pumps are the ideal solution for powering new passive and low-energy buildings, as geothermal resources provide buildings with heat and electricity almost continuously throughout the year. Among geothermal technologies, heat pump systems with vertical well heat exchangers have been recognized as one of the most energy-efficient solutions for space heating and cooling in residential and commercial buildings. A large number of scientific studies have been devoted to the study of heat transfer in and around the ground heat exchanger. The vast majority of them were performed by numerical simulation of heat transfer processes in the soil massif–heat pump system. To analyze the efficiency of a ground heat exchanger, it is fundamentally important to take into account the main factors that can affect heat transfer processes in the soil and the external environment of vertical ground heat exchangers. In this work, numerical simulation methods were used to describe a mathematical model of heat transfer processes in a porous soil massif and a U-shaped vertical heat exchanger. The purpose of these studies is to determine the influence of the filtration properties of the soil as a porous medium on the performance characteristics of soil heat exchangers. To study these problems, numerical modeling of hydrodynamic processes and heat transfer in a soil massif was performed under the condition that the pores were filled only with liquid. The influence of the filtration properties of the soil as a porous medium on the characteristics of the operation of a soil heat exchanger was studied. The dependence of the energy characteristics of the operation of a soil heat exchanger and a heat pump on a medium with which the pores are filled, as well as on the porosity of the soil and the size of its particles, was determined.
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Bertagnolio, Stephane, Michel Bernier, and Michaël Kummert. "Comparing vertical ground heat exchanger models." Journal of Building Performance Simulation 5, no. 6 (November 2012): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2011.652175.

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4

Huang, Xue Ting, Yan Ling Guan, and Chao Jiang. "Research on the Initial Operating Performance of Ground Heat Exchangers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2897.

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Focus on the unfavorable effects of initial operation to the performance of ground heat exchangers, a three-dimensional CFD simulation of full-scale ground heat exchanger under dynamic load was established to investigate the heat transfer performance of a 120-meter vertical U-Tube ground heat exchanger under different initial operating time. The results show that initial operation has influence on the performance of ground heat exchangers.
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Hanuszkiewicz-Drapała, Małgorzata, and Jan Składzień. "Heating system with vapour compressor heat pump and vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger." Archives of Thermodynamics 31, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-010-0031-8.

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Heating system with vapour compressor heat pump and vertical U-tube ground heat exchangerIn the paper a heating system with a vapour compressor heat pump and vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger for small residential house is considered. A mathematical model of the system: heated object - vapour compressor heat pump - ground heat exchanger is presented shortly. The system investigated is equipped, apart from the heat pump, with the additional conventional source of heat. The processes taking place in the analyzed system are of unsteady character. The model consists of three elements; the first containing the calculation model of the space to be heated, the second - the vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger with the adjoining area of the ground. The equations for the elements of vapour compressor heat pump form the third element of the general model. The period of one heating season is taken into consideration. The results of calculations for two variants of the ground heat exchanger are presented and compared. These results concern variable in time parameters at particular points of the system and energy consumption during the heating season. This paper presents the mutual influence of the ground heat exchanger subsystem, elements of vapour compressor heat pump and heated space.
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Tarrad, Ali H. "A 3-Dimensional Numerical Thermal Analysis for A Vertical Double U-Tube Ground-Coupled Heat Pump." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 12, no. 2 (June 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2021.12.2.789.

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The ground heat exchanger plays a major role in the thermal performance and economic optimization of the ground-coupled heat pump. The present study focuses on the effect of the borehole size and the grout and soil thermal properties on the thermal assessment of these heat exchangers. A double U-tube heat exchanger was studied numerically by the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software in a 3-dimensional discretization model. The double U-tube was circuited as a parallel flow arrangement and situated in a parallel configuration (PFPD) deep in the borehole. The grout and ground thermal conductivities were selected in the range of (0.73-2.0) W/m.K and (1.24-2.8) W/m.K respectively. The results revealed that the ground thermal conductivity showed a more pronounced influence on the thermal performance of the ground heat exchanger and with less extent for the grouting one. Increasing the grout filling thermal conductivity from (0.73) W/m.K to (2.0) W/m.K at a fixed ground thermal conductivity of (2.4) W/m.K has augmented the heat transfer rate by (10) %. The heat transfer rate of the ground heat exchanger exhibited marked enhancement as much as double when the ground thermal conductivity was increased from (1.24) W/m.K to (2.8) W/m.K at fixed grout thermal conductivity range of (0.78-2.0) W/m.K. It has been verified that increasing the borehole size has a negligible effect on the ground heat exchanger thermal performance when a grout with a high thermal conductivity was utilized in the ranged of examined configurations. The steady-state numerical analysis model outcomes of the present work could be implemented for the preliminary borehole design for a ground heat exchanger.
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Hu, Ping Fang, Zhong Yi Yu, Fei Lei, Na Zhu, Qi Ming Sun, and Xu Dong Yuan. "Performance Evaluation of a Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger Using a Numerical Simulation Approach." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.909.

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A vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger can be utilized to exchange heat with the soil in ground source heat pump systems. The outlet temperature of the working fluid through the U-tube not only accounts for heat transfer capacity of a ground heat exchanger, but also greatly affects the operational efficiency of heat pump units, which is an important characteristic parameter of heat transfer process. It is quantified by defining a thermal effectiveness coefficient. The performance evaluation is performed with a three dimensional numerical model using a finite volume technique. A dynamic simulation was conducted to analyze the thermal effectiveness as a function of soil thermal properties, backfill material properties, separation distance between the two tube legs, borehole depth and flow velocity of the working fluid. The influence of important characteristic parameters on the heat transfer performance of vertical U-tube ground heat exchangers is investigated, which may provide the references for the design of ground source heat pump systems in practice.
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Yang, Lian, Yong Hong Huang, and Liu Zhang. "Study on Engineering Construction with Three-Dimensional Heat Transfer Modeling for Double U-Tube Heat Exchangers in Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems." Advanced Materials Research 700 (May 2013): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.700.231.

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There are many ground source heat pumps in engineering construction application. However, Research on heat exchanger models of single-hole buried vertical ground source heat pump mostly focuses on single U-tube ground heat exchangers other than double U-tube ones in China currently. Compared with single U-tubes, double U-tubes have the heat transfer particularity of asymmetry. Therefore, the use of the traditional single tube models would have large error in the simulation of the actual double U-tube heat exchangers. This paper frames a three-dimensional heat transfer model for the vertical single-hole buried double u-tube heat exchanger in a ground source heat pump system. The model considers the performance of U-bube material and uses a dual coordinate system and makes the control elemental volumes superimposed.
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Sagia, Zoi, Athina Stegou, and Constantinos Rakopoulos. "Borehole Resistance and Heat Conduction Around Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (May 4, 2012): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123101206010032.

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Borehole thermal resistance in Ground Heat Exchanger (GHE) installations is affected by several parameters such as geometrical attributes of heat exchanger in the borehole, pipes' characteristics and grout’s thermal conductivity. A study is carried out to compare the values computed by Ground Loop Design (GLD) Software, GLD 2009, with three ana-lytical solutions for U-shaped tubes. The analysis is focused on dimensionless ratios of borehole geometrical parameters (borehole diameter to outside pipe diameter and shank spacing to borehole diameter) and pipes according to Standard Di-mension Ratio (SDR) and on eight common grouts. Finally, the effect of heat conduction in the borehole is examined by means of finite element analysis by Heat Transfer Module of COMSOL Multiphysics. A two-dimensional (2-D) steady-state simulation is done assuming working fluid temperatures for winter and summer conditions and typical Greek undis-turbed ground temperature in a field of four ground vertical U-tube heat exchangers surrounded by infinite ground. The temperature profile is presented and the total conductive heat flux from the pipe to the borehole wall per meter of length of ground heat exchanger is computed for pipes SDR11 (the outside diameter of the pipe is 11 times the thickness of its wall), SDR9 and SDR17 for summer working conditions and three different configurations. It is attempted to reach to comparative results for borehole thermal resistance value through different types of analysis, having considered the major factors that affect it and giving trends for the influence of each factor to the magnitude of its value.
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Zhang, Dan, Fa Hui Wang, Bo Lei, Yan Ping Yuan, and Xiao Ling Cao. "Study on Heat Transfer Capacity Calculation of Multi-Hole Heat Source for Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchangers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.94.

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By studying the features of vertical u-tube ground heat exchangers, with the consideration of the mutual interference between heat exchanger wells on heat transfer, this thesis puts forward the numerical model and calculation method for the heat exchange study of the well group, on the basis of analyzing heat exchange for single well. The paper adopts a nine-well model which is convenient and represents the general patterns of the heat exchange between well groups. The amount of the heat exchange between well groups can be calculated through testing the heat exchange of the single well by means of the heat exchange correction coefficient.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vertical ground heat exchanger"

1

Ramanathan, Sriram. "Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of the Vertical GSHP (Ground source heat pump)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanisk värmeteori och strömningslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171867.

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GSHP (Ground source heat pump), uses geothermal energy which is a form of green and sustainable energy.  Geothermal energy is also a continuous source of energy, unlike wind energy. The results from this thesis work will be applicable for both GSHP that are being used for space heating, and the ones which have a bottom organic Rankine cycle. The bottom organic Rankine cycle and continuous energy production of GSHP make it a potential source for electricity generation.  The GSHP is of various types, in regard to the configuration of the pipe and their setup in the ground and also based on their grouting. In this study only vertical GSHP and with a single u-tube and water filled grout will be analyzed. The GSHP performance is based on a number of parameters including, the depth of the heat exchanging unit in the ground, other key dimensions of the unit like diameter and outer wall thickness, the fluid flow, and the type of working fluid. Therefore it becomes necessary to study the effect of all of these parameters individually and their individual effect on the energy output and the performance of the BHE. One of the thesis objectives is to establish a sensitivity analysis of the BHE based on the above mention parameters and then further optimize the design with the heat enhancement devices. The major findings of this thesis work are how shank spacing (spacing between the inlet and the outlet pipe) affects the heat transfer in the BHE. The shank spacing seems to reduce the energy output of the GSHP, this is contrary to the high conductive solid grout, where the shank spacing doesn't affect the BHE so much. The diameter of the BHE in the water-filled grout has a completely opposite effect from the solid grout. Increasing the depth of the BHE after a certain length only increases the entropy of the system which reduces the energy output. The working fluid with a higher Prandtl number helps in higher energy output. The optimization results suggest that having a deeper borehole is not very energy efficient in spite of the greater thermal gradient available at a higher depth.
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Denker, Richard. "Dimensioning and control for heat pump systems using a combination of vertical and horizontal ground-coupled heat exchangers." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36475.

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A model has been developed which simulates a system consisting of a horizontal and vertical ground-coupled heat exchanger connected in parallel to the same heat pump. The model was used in computer simulations to investigate how the annual minimum and mean fluid temperatures at the heat pump varied as several parameters of the combined system were changed. A comparison was also made between different control settings for fluid flow rate distribution between the two exchangers. For the case when the flow rate distribution was not controlled, the effect of viscosity differences between a colder and warmer exchanger was investigated. The short term effects of letting the vertical heat source rest during the warm summer months was then tested. Lastly, the results of the model was compared to a simple 'rule of thumb' that have been used in the industry for this kind of combined system. The results show that using a combined system might not always result in increased performance, if the previously existing exchanger is a vertical ground-coupled heat exchanger. The effects of viscosity differences on the flow distribution seems to be negligible, especially for high net flows. Controlling the fluid flow rates seems to only be worth the effort if the the pipe lengths of the two combined exchangers differ heavily. Letting the vertical ground-coupled heat exchanger rest during summer was shown to in some cases yield an increased short-term performance in addition to the already known positive long term effects. The rule of thumb was shown to recommend smaller dimensions for combination systems than the more realistic analytical model.
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Bertram, Erik [Verfasser]. "Heat pump systems with vertical ground heat exchangers and uncovered solar thermal collectors / Erik Bertram." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/106920854X/34.

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KIM, Eui-Jong. "Development of numerical models of vertical ground heat exchangers and experimental verification : domain decomposition and state model reduction approach." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684138.

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Ground-source heat pump systems with vertical ground heat exchangers (GHE) are gaining popularity worldwide for their higher coefficients of performance and lower CO2 emissions. However, the higher initial cost of installing the borehole GHEs is a main obstacle to spread the systems. To reduce the required total GHE length and efficiently operate the systems, various systems such as hybrid ones (e.g. solar heat injection) have recently been introduced. Accurate prediction of heat transfer in and around boreholes of such systems is crucial to avoid costly overdesigns or catastrophic failures of undersized systems as it is for typical GCHP systems. However, unlike the traditional sizing methods, it is increasingly required to take into account detailed borehole configuration and transient effects (e.g. short circuit effects between U-tubes). Many of the existing GHE models have been reviewed. Some of these models have serious limitations when it comes to transient heat transfer, particularly in the borehole itself. Accordingly, the objective of this thesis is to develop a model that is capable to accurately predict thermal behaviors of the GHEs. A precise response to input variations even in a short time-step is also expected in the model. The model also has to account for a correct temperature and flux distribution between the U-tubes and inside the borehole that seems to be important in the solar heat injection case. Considering these effects in 3D with a detailed mesh used for describing the borehole configurations is normally time-consuming. This thesis attempts to alleviate the calculation time using state model reduction techniques that use fewer modes for a fast calculation but predict similar results. Domain decomposition is also envisaged to sub-structure the domain and vary the time-step sizes. Since the decomposed domains should be coupled one another spatially as well as temporally, new coupling methods are proposed and validated particularly in the FEM. For the simulation purpose, a hybrid model (HM) is developed that combines a numerical solution, the same one as the 3D-RM but only for the borehole, and well-known analytical ones for a fast calculation. An experimental facility used for validation of the model has been built and is described. A comparison with the experimental results shows that the relatively fast transients occurring in the borehole are well predicted not only for the outlet fluid temperature but also for the grout temperatures at different depths even in very short time-steps. Even though the current version of 3D-RM is experimentally validated, it is still worth optimizing the model in terms of the computational time. Further simulations with the 3D-RM are expected to be carried out to estimate the performance of new hybrid systems and propose its appropriate sizing with correspondent thermal impacts on the ground. Finally, the development of the model 3D-RM can be an initiation to accurately model various types of GHE within an acceptable calculation time.
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Kim, Eui-Jong. "Development of numerical models of vertical ground heat exchangers and experimental verification : domain decomposition and state model reduction approach." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0026/document.

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Dans le contexte énergétique actuel, les pompes à chaleur (PAC) géothermiques sont parmi les technologies les plus performantes pour augmenter l’efficacité énergétique des bâtiments. Par contre le coût initial et l’encombrement des capteurs enterrés traditionnels peuvent être un obstacle à sa diffusion sur le marché des énergies renouvelables. Pour réduire ces coût et encombrement, une réflexion sur l’adjonction d’un système d’appoint et/ou de recharge thermique du sol aux capteurs enterrés est actuellement en cours de tests. Les outils actuels de modélisation des capteurs enterrés obtiennent en effet de bons résultats mais seulement pour un dimensionnement classique en régime permanent. Les modèles existants ne permettent donc pas de représenter correctement les dynamiques rapides des échanges entre le sol et les tubes et cela est d’autant plus vrai si l’on adjoint le système de recharge solaire. Par conséquence, cette thèse a pour objectif de développer les modèles fins et dynamiques nécessaires à l’analyse des phénomènes transitoires dans les capteurs enterrés eux-mêmes. Un maillage fin, sur les bases de la triangulation de Delaunay, est choisi pour le forage ainsi que pour le sol avoisinant. Une approche numérique en 3D (FVM + FEM) peut être obtenue sur les bases de la discrétisation spatiale du domaine. Cette approche appliquée brutalement induirait des temps de calcul très élevés et de toute façon incompatible avec les moyens informatiques ordinaires. Afin de répondre à l’ensemble de ces problèmes, différentes techniques ont été utilisées afin d’accélérer le temps de calcul: décomposition de domaine, emboîtement des pas de temps de calcul pour chaque sous-domaine, réduction des modèles d’états de chaque sous-domaine et finalement couplages temporels et spatiaux des équations de transferts de l’ensemble du problème. Ce dernier est développé particulièrement sur les bases de la méthode des éléments finis. Par ailleurs, un modèle hybride est développé en combinaison de différentes approches. Une approche numérique est adoptée pour la modélisation du puits et la modélisation des transferts de chaleur dans le sol environnant est faite par l’utilisation de solutions analytiques. Ainsi, ce modèle est implanté dans TRNSYS. Une plate-forme expérimentale comprenant trois puits verticaux couplés à une pompe à chaleur géothermique est également présentée. Les résultats expérimentaux sont comparés avec les résultats de la simulation aussi bien au niveau de la température du fluide qu’à la température à différentes profondeurs dans les puits. Le modèle développé donne des résultats très similaires avec ceux qui sont obtenus grâce à l’expérimentation même lors que les pas de temps sont très petits. Il y a des choses à améliorer dans ce modèle développé, mais cela concerne essentiellement l’accélération du temps de calcul. Nous avons constaté que les modèles que nous avons dévéloppés donnent des résultats meilleurs à pas de temps courts que les modèles classiques. Il faut donc bien préciser le domaine d’utilisation de chacun des modèles: consommation sur le long terme, stratégie de contrôle de la PAC, les transferts de chaleur à l’intérieur du puits et etc. De plus, une application du modèle dans le dimensionnement d’échangeurs ainsi que l’investigation de son impact sur le sol avoisinant est également envisagée. Finalement, la méthodologie de modélisation présentée dans ce travail pourrait être aussi utilisé pour différents types d’échangeurs, ouvrant aussi la porte à une analyse fine dans le domaine géothermique
Ground-source heat pump systems with vertical ground heat exchangers (GHE) are gaining popularity worldwide for their higher coefficients of performance and lower CO2 emissions. However, the higher initial cost of installing the borehole GHEs is a main obstacle to spread the systems. To reduce the required total GHE length and efficiently operate the systems, various systems such as hybrid ones (e.g. solar heat injection) have recently been introduced. Accurate prediction of heat transfer in and around boreholes of such systems is crucial to avoid costly overdesigns or catastrophic failures of undersized systems as it is for typical GCHP systems. However, unlike the traditional sizing methods, it is increasingly required to take into account detailed borehole configuration and transient effects (e.g. short circuit effects between U-tubes). Many of the existing GHE models have been reviewed. Some of these models have serious limitations when it comes to transient heat transfer, particularly in the borehole itself. Accordingly, the objective of this thesis is to develop a model that is capable to accurately predict thermal behaviors of the GHEs. A precise response to input variations even in a short time-step is also expected in the model. The model also has to account for a correct temperature and flux distribution between the U-tubes and inside the borehole that seems to be important in the solar heat injection case. Considering these effects in 3D with a detailed mesh used for describing the borehole configurations is normally time-consuming. This thesis attempts to alleviate the calculation time using state model reduction techniques that use fewer modes for a fast calculation but predict similar results. Domain decomposition is also envisaged to sub-structure the domain and vary the time-step sizes. Since the decomposed domains should be coupled one another spatially as well as temporally, new coupling methods are proposed and validated particularly in the FEM. For the simulation purpose, a hybrid model (HM) is developed that combines a numerical solution, the same one as the 3D-RM but only for the borehole, and well-known analytical ones for a fast calculation. An experimental facility used for validation of the model has been built and is described. A comparison with the experimental results shows that the relatively fast transients occurring in the borehole are well predicted not only for the outlet fluid temperature but also for the grout temperatures at different depths even in very short time-steps. Even though the current version of 3D-RM is experimentally validated, it is still worth optimizing the model in terms of the computational time. Further simulations with the 3D-RM are expected to be carried out to estimate the performance of new hybrid systems and propose its appropriate sizing with correspondent thermal impacts on the ground. Finally, the development of the model 3D-RM can be an initiation to accurately model various types of GHE within an acceptable calculation time
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6

Revesz, Akos. "Modelling of the thermal interactions of underground railways with nearby vertical ground heat exchangers in an urban environment." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2017. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/2071/.

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Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) can provide an efficient way of heating and cooling buildings due to their high operating efficiencies. The implementation of these systems in urban environments could have further benefits. In such locations ground source heat is potentially available from alternative sources such as underground railways (URs). The potential benefits for using the waste heat generated by URs with localised GSHPs are established in this thesis. This was achieved through investigations of UR-GSHP interactions. The research detailed here was mainly conducted through Finite Element (FE) numerical modelling and analysis. First a preliminary two-dimensional (2D) FE model was developed. This model was highly simplified to enable rapid analysis of the systems. The model was used to establish key parameters and phenomena for more detailed additional research. Since the operation of the URs and GSHP involves complex, transient, three-dimensional (3D) transport phenomena and extreme geometrical aspect ratios, 3D numerical models of URs and vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs) were independently developed and validated. These individual models were then built into the same modelling environment for their combined analysis. Initial investigations with the combined 3D model showed that interactions occur between URs and localised GSHPs. In order to investigate the effect of specific parameter variations on the earlier established UR-GSHP interactions, a parametric analysis was conducted. The analysis included two sets of studies. The first group of studies considered different geometrical arrangements of the systems, and the second group investigated the effect of altered operational characteristics options on the interactions. Overall the results suggested that the performance of a GSHP can be significantly improved if the GHE array is installed near to the UR tunnel. It was shown that the improvement on the GHEs average heat extraction rate due to the heat load from the UR tunnel can be high as ~ 40%, depending on the size and shape of the GHE array and its proximity to the UR tunnel(s). It was also concluded that if the design aim is to enhance the heat extraction rates of urban GSHP systems, constructing the GHEs as close as possible to the UR tunnel would be essential. The results gathered from the parametric analysis were used to develop a formula. This formula is one of the key contributions to knowledge from this research. The formula developed allows approximating the GHEs’ heat extraction improvements due to the nearby tunnel(s) heat load(s). The formula makes use of a single variable named as interaction proximity. This variable was found to be one of the key parameters impacting on UR-GSHP interactions. At the end of the thesis, conclusions are drawn concerning the thermal interactions of URs with nearby vertical GHEs and the numerical modelling of such systems. Recommendations for further research in this field are also suggested.
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BÖRJESSON, MARCUS. "Performance evaluation of ground source heat pump heating systems in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286000.

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GSHP systems are common in Sweden but there are few evaluations quantifying the performance of the systems and highlighting problem that occurs during operations. The research project Annex 52 Long-term performance measurement of GSHP systems serving commercial, institutional and multifamily building part of IEA HPT TCP proves the need to systematically be able to evaluate GSHP systems. This thesis aims to expand the knowledge of how to evaluate GSHP systems and provide case studies for Annex 52. Three residential ground source heating systems used for heating has been evaluated and analyzed in this study. The evaluation has consisted of three parts. The first part analyzes the operation and stability of the GSHP systems. The second part consist of a detailed study of the performance of the GSHP systems. The seasonal performance factor has been calculated for different system boundaries based on the work done by SEPEMO. In addition, a method on how to evaluate the efficiency of the heat pumps based on the two temperature levels, source side temperature and the heat sink temperature, that the heat pump is operating at throughout a year has been developed within this thesis. This has included a method on how to normalize the temperatures based on the operation of the heat pump in order to quantify one temperature for each the two temperature levels. The third part consist of a comparison of the mean secondary fluid temperature between the calculated temperature using the software EED and the measured temperatures. This includes a comparison evaluation and sensitivity analysis on input parameters during the design of the borehole heat exchanger fields. This study has expanded the available reference cases of GSHP systems in Sweden. It also can be used as a guideline for those who will evaluate future GSHP systems. Designers of GSHP system will also benefit from the recommendations listed in this thesis regarding instrumentation and possible problems that may occur. The results show that the evaluation successfully managed to quantify the performance and operational issues that have occurred for each system. The method developed in this study was able to quantify the operation of the different systems based on the temperature levels and can be used for future GSHP evaluations of similar system type.
Bergvärmesystem är vanligt förekommande i Sverige men trots detta finns det få studier där prestandan har utvärderats och de vanligt förekommande problemen under drift har belysts. Forskningsprojektet Annex 52 Annex 52 Long-term performance measurement of GSHP systems serving commercial, institutional and multi-family building som är en del av IEA HPT TCP visar på behovet av att systematisk utvärdera bergvärmesystem. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utveckla och bidra till kunskap om hur bergvärmesystem kan utvärderas och att bidra med exempelstudier till Annex 52. Inom detta examensarbete har tre bergvärmesystem som betjänar flerbostadshus utvärderats och analyserats. Utvärderingen bestod av tre analyser. I den första analyserades driften av bergvärmesystemen och hur stabilt systemet har varit historiskt. Detta följdes av en detaljerad analys av olika nyckeltal för bergvärmesystemen. Årsverkningsgraden har beräknats för olika gränsdragningar vilka baseras på det tidigare arbetet utfört av SEPEMO. Inom detta examensarbete har även en metod tagits fram för att utvärdera verkningsgraderna för en värmepump baserat på de två temperaturnivåerna, köldbärarsidan och värmebärarsidan, som värmepumpen arbetar med under ett år. Till detta har en metod tagits fram om hur temperaturen kan normaliserats baserat på driften av värmepumparna för att kvantifiera en temperatur vardera för de två temperaturnivåerna. I den tredje utvärderingen jämfördes den beräknade medelfluidtemperaturen av köldbäraren i borrhålen med den uppmätta temperaturen. Till detta utfördes en känslighetsanalys av hur indata av dessa beräkningar påverkar resultaten.
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Pei, Long. "Evaluation of environmental impacts of buildings in China." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM068.

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Le processus d'urbanisation en Chine exerce une forte pression sur l’environnement. Le plus fort potentiel de réduction de ces impacts correspond aux décisions prises lors de la conception du bâtiment, qui peuvent s’appuyer sur des outils de simulation numérique. Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de trois conditions aux limites liées à l'évaluation de la performance énergétique et environnementale des bâtiments en Chine : - Le sol : un modèle de pompe à chaleur couplée au sol est proposé, et couplé à un modèle d'échangeur de chaleur géothermique permettant le calcul rapide de la réponse d’un champ de sondes verticales de grande taille. Ce modèle peut être utilisé pour améliorer les performances énergétiques du système en phase de conception ou de gestion. - Le microclimat : une méthode de génération de fichier climatique spécifique au site qui fournit la température horaire locale de l'air est proposée, prenant en compte l'effet d'îlot de chaleur urbain. Les effets du microclimat sur la performance énergétique du bâtiment sont étudiés quantitativement. - Le système d’arrière-plan pour l’analyse de cycle de vie : les effets de la variation spatiale et temporelle du mix de production d'électricité en Chine sur les impacts environnementaux sont étudiés. La base de données environnementales est adaptée au contexte national et local chinois. Les résultats montrent que les impacts environnementaux des bâtiments peuvent être évalués plus raisonnablement en considérant ces trois conditions aux limites
The urbanisation process in China brings a high pressure on the environment. The highest potential to reduce these impacts corresponds to decisions made during the building’s design phase, which can be supported by numerical simulation. This thesis is dedicated to the study of three boundary conditions related to the energy and environmental performance evaluation of buildings in China: - The ground: a ground coupled heat pump model is proposed integrating a fast calculation ground heat exchanger model for a large-scale boreholes field. This model can be used to improve the energy performance of the system in the design and operation phases. - The microclimate: a site-specific weather file generation method which can provide local hourly air temperature is proposed, accounting for the urban heat island effect. The effects of the microclimate on the building’s energy performance are quantitatively investigated. - The background system for life cycle assessment: the effects of the spatial and temporal variation of the electricity production mix in China on the environmental impacts are investigated. The environmental database is adapted to the Chinese national and local context. The results show that the environmental impacts of buildings could be more reasonably evaluated by considering these three boundary conditions
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Morrison, Andrew. "Finite difference model of a spiral ground heat exchanger for ground-source heat pumps." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/MQ43343.pdf.

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Derouet, Marc. "Analysis of borehole heat exchanger in an existing ground-source heat pump installation." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148158.

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Ground-source heat pumps systems (GSHP) are commonly used all over Sweden to supply heat and sometimes cool to different kinds of housings or commercial facilities. Many large installations are by now between 10 and 20 years old. Even when the design of such system has been tackled, rare are the studies that have dealt with following their performance throughout time in detail. Based on conductive heat transfer, the heat extraction process makes the ground temperature decrease when installations are only used for heating. This thesis aims at proposing a method to evaluate how the temperature in a borehole heat exchanger of a GSHP will evolve. The project is focusing on the heat transfer from the ground to the boreholes modelled using Finite Line Source (FLS) based generated g-functions. “g-functions” are non-dimensional parameters characterizing the evolution of the ground thermal resistance enduring variable heat extraction loads. A model using Matlab has been developed and validated against relevant publications. As a case study, the method is applied to an existing 15 years old GSHP installation, composed of 26 boreholes and 3 heat pumps, so as to compare the obtained results with data measured on site. Two sub-borehole fields compose this installation: 14 of them were drilled in 1998 and the remaining 12 in 2009. Measured variable heat extraction loads were superposed using dedicated site g-functions for the two boreholes fields. As a result, a comparison between modelled and calculated heat carrier fluid in the boreholes over the last 6 months is presented here, as well as a 20 years forecast of the ground temperature at the interface with the boreholes.
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Books on the topic "Vertical ground heat exchanger"

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Bouma, J. W. J. Investigation into a complete earth-to-water heat pump system in a single-family dwelling focussing on the application of a vertical subsoil heat exchanger. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Mei, V. C. Horizontal Ground-Coil Heat Exchanger Theoretical and Experimental Analysis. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1986.

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Clarke, Andrew. Temperature regulation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0009.

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For many organisms there is a fitness advantage to being warm. Many organisms use behavioural thermoregulation to maintain a high body temperature during the day, basking in the sun to warm up and retreating to the shade to avoid overheating. This option is not open to most aquatic organisms, or those living in soil or sediment. It is also generally not possible for small or nocturnal organisms. A small number of active predatory fish utilise a counter-current heat exchanger (rete mirabile) to retain metabolic heat and warm their muscles, brain or eyes. A few have modified optical muscles as heater organs, and a range of plants generate heat to aid dispersal of scent and attract pollinators. A wide range of larger insects use rapid but unsynchronised muscle contraction to elevate their body temperature prior to flight, or other activity. In hot climates organisms may need to dissipate heat to avoid overheating. The major behavioural mechanism is shade-seeking, or for small organisms stilting or climbing onto objects such as plants to move out of the hottest air net to the ground. Larger mammals may tolerate a limited degree of warming during the day, releasing this in the cool of the night. Evaporative cooling is very effective at losing heat, but because it loses valuable water it can only be used sparingly in arid areas.
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Hopkins, Graeme, and Christine Goodwin. Living Architecture. CSIRO Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643103078.

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Extensively illustrated with photographs and drawings, Living Architecture highlights the most exciting green roof and living wall projects in Australia and New Zealand within an international context. Cities around the world are becoming denser, with greater built form resulting in more hard surfaces and less green space, leaving little room for vegetation or habitat. One way of creating more natural environments within cities is to incorporate green roofs and walls in new buildings or to retrofit them in existing structures. This practice has long been established in Europe and elsewhere, and now Australia and New Zealand have begun to embrace it. The installation of green roofs and walls has many benefits, including the management of stormwater and improved water quality by retaining and filtering rainwater through the plants’ soil and root uptake zone; reducing the ‘urban heat island effect’ in cities; increasing real estate values around green roofs and reducing energy consumption within the interior space by shading, insulation and reducing noise level from outside; and providing biodiversity opportunities via a vertical link between the roof and the ground. This book will appeal to a wide range of readers, from students and practitioners of architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning and ecology, through to members of the community interested in how they can more effectively use the rooftops and walls of their homes or workplaces to increase green open space in the urban environment.
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Book chapters on the topic "Vertical ground heat exchanger"

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Piotrowska-Woroniak, Joanna. "Analysis of a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Operation Cooperating with a Heat Pump." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 587–601. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13888-2_58.

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Rosen, Marc A., and Seama Koohi-Fayegh. "Thermal Interactions of Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers for Varying Seasonal Heat Flux." In Progress in Sustainable Energy Technologies: Generating Renewable Energy, 575–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07896-0_35.

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Wang, Yao, and Songqing Wang. "Research on Heat and Moisture Transfer Characteristics of Soil in Unsaturated and Saturated Condition with Soil Stratification under Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchanger Operation." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 599–609. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9524-6_63.

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Lamarche, Louis. "Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger." In Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems, 187–201. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_10.

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Lamarche, Louis. "Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling, Inside the Borehole." In Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems, 73–96. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_5.

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Lamarche, Louis. "Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling, Outside the Borehole." In Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems, 57–72. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_4.

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Carlini, Maurizio, and Sonia Castellucci. "Modelling the Vertical Heat Exchanger in Thermal Basin." In Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2011, 277–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21898-9_24.

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Shi, Zhigang, Shangping Song, and Songtao Hu. "Optimized Design of Ground-Source Heat Pump System Heat Exchanger." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 723–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39581-9_71.

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Qiang, Li, and Sun Youhong. "Heat Transfer Model of Vertical Geothermal Heat Exchanger and Calculation Process." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 261–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25905-0_34.

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Liao, Quan, and Wenzhi Cui. "Transient Thermal-Resistance-Capacitance Model for U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger." In Geothermal Heat Pump Systems, 123–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24524-4_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vertical ground heat exchanger"

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Chwieduk, Michał, Artur Rusowicz, and Hanna Jędzrzejuk. "Soil Profile and Ground Properties Influence on Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Efficiency." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.253.

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Soil properties have a significant impact on the performance of ground heat exchangers. Exchangers cooperating with heat pumps are a reliable and efficient source of renewable energy. In the article concentric vertical ground heat exchanger is analysed, which is a common application cooperating with heat pumps. Soil and ground properties have great im-portance during sizing the system, i.e.: determining the length, configuration and deployment of ground heat exchangers. With the depth the soil/ground type and its properties can change significantly. In addition, occurrence of a ground water can influence physical and thermal properties. Determination of soil type present at different depths in a specific location is possible by performing a soil profile. The article presents an analysis of the impact of two soil profiles on the efficien-cy of the vertical ground heat exchanger. The analysis was performed based on the model of a single heat exchanger made using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) program. The model is divided into two parts: model of heat ex-changer together with grout filling the borehole, second: axis-symmetric model of the ground surrounding the exchanger. Both models are coupled by first-type boundary condition. Simulations of ground heat exchanger work are made for a part of heating season period. The calculation results were compared to reference one with uniform ground profiles. Dif-ference in heat rejected form ground in two analysed does not show high influence of ground layers on ground heat ex-changer performance. On the other hand, results strongly depends on analysed soil profile.
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Demir, Hakan, Ahmet Koyun, and S¸ O¨zgu¨r Atayılmaz. "Determination of Optimum Design Parameters of Horizontal Parallel Pipe and Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchangers." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88206.

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The most important part of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) is the ground heat exchanger (GHE) that consists of pipes buried in the soil and is used for transferring heat between the soil and the heat exchanger of the ground source heat pump. Soil composition, thermal properties and water content affect the length of ground heat exchanger. Another parameter affects the size of the ground heat exchanger is the shape. There are two basic ground heat exchanger configurations: vertical U-tube and horizontal parallel pipe. There are plenty of works on ground source heat pumps and ground heat exchangers in the literature. Most of the works on ground heat exchangers are based on the heat transfer in the soil and temperature distribution around the coil. Some of the works for thermo-economic optimization of thermal systems are based on thermodynamic cycles. This study covers comparative thermo-economical analysis of horizontal parallel pipe and vertical u-tube ground heat exchangers. An objective function has been defined based on heating capacity, investment and energy consumption costs of ground heat exchanger. Investment and energy consumption costs were taken into account as total cost in the objective function. The effects of the soil thermal conductivity, number of pipes, thermal capacity of ground heat exchanger, pipe diameter and the burial depth on the objective function were examined. The main disadvantage of U-tube ground heat exchanger is higher borehole cost that makes installation cost higher than parallel pipe ground heat exchanger. To make reference functions equal for both type of ground heat exchangers, the borehole cost must be under 20 $/m (now 55 $/m) for a given heating or cooling capacity. The performance of ground heat exchangers depends on the soil characteristics especially the soil thermal conductivity.
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Kirschbaum, Alexander, Jens M. Kuckelkorn, and Kilian Hagel. "Vertical hydraulic conductivity of borehole heat exchanger systems before and after freeze-thaw cycle stress." In International Ground Source Heat Pump Association. International Ground Source Heat Pump Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22488/okstate.18.000032.

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Khan, Md Adnan, and Jay X. Wang. "Evaluation of Low Temperature Ground Coupled Vertical Heat Exchanger in South Louisiana." In 2015 Seventh Annual IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greentech.2015.12.

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Mun, Junghyon, and Yong Tao. "Development of a Tool to Calibrate Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Model Using Optimization." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18274.

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This paper presents a calibration process and its tool of the vertical ground heat exchanger model used in a building energy simulation program, Energyplus. To adequately analyze the performance of the system, calibration of the system model is crucial. The calibration procedure is to estimate input data of the simulation that match the results of the simulation with measured data by an inverse method. The vertical ground loop heat exchanger consists of ground and borehole systems. The thermal properties of the borehole system usually can be found from manufacturer’s data. However, the thermal property of the ground is hard to evaluate. In this paper, an evaluation tool of the thermal properties of the ground around the borehole is developed using Matlab. This tool consists of three submodels. The first one is a G-function curve fit model which represents the relationship between variation of thermal conductivity and g-function values. The second model is the vertical ground loop heat exchanger model which predicts the return water temperature from a ground loop heat exchanger using the short time response factor method. The vertical ground loop heat exchanger model in Energyplus is converted to Matlab code and integrated into the calibration model for this research. The last sub-model is the optimization model that uses the Nelder and Mead simplex optimization scheme to find parameters which minimize the difference between the simulation results and the field measurement data. This tool estimates the ground thermal propertiesusing an optimization scheme based on data collected from field measurement. Far field ground temperature and the ground thermal conductivity are estimated to be used as input data of the vertical ground loop heat exchanger model in Energyplus. This program is validated using a case study which is performed for an actual building, ZOE which is located in the University of North Texas and its system. 2 weeks’ measurement data were compared with the simulation result. The average deviation between the simulation result and measurement data for 2 weeks is 0.27 °C.
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Liao, Quan, Chao Zhou, Wenzhi Cui, and Tien-Chien Jen. "New Correlations for Thermal Resistances of Vertical Single U-Shape Ground Heat Exchanger." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62437.

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The effective pipe-to-borehole and pipe-to-pipe thermal resistances of vertical single U-shape ground heat exchanger are numerically studied. The non-uniform temperature distributions along perimeter of both borehole and outside diameter of two pipes are taken into account to evaluate both the pipe-to-borehole and pipe-to-pipe thermal resistances. The best-fit correlations for these two thermal resistances are proposed and compared with the available equations in the literature. It is found that the present correlations of effective pipe-to-borehole and pipe-to-pipe thermal resistances are more accurate than those of available formulas.
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Gao, Zhen, Jinwei Ma, Xiaochun Yu, Yu Zhang, Ning Hu, and Yanping Wang. "Experimental and Simulant Study on Vertical U-Tube Underground Heat Exchanger in Ground-Source Heat Pump." In 2015 4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icseee-15.2016.109.

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Bai, Tian, Jian-Li Zhang, and Mao-Yu Zheng. "Notice of Retraction: Simulation and Analysis of Influence Factors on Performance of Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger for Ground Coupled Heat Pump." In 2010 Second International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (ICCMS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccms.2010.440.

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Skladzien, Jan, Malgorzata Hanuszkiewicz-Drapala, and Adam Fic. "THERMAL ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL GROUND EXCHANGERS OF HEAT PUMPS." In CHT-04 - Advances in Computational Heat Transfer III. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2004.cht-04.190.

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Soriano, Guillermo, and Diego Siguenza. "Thermal Performance of a Borehole Heat Exchanger Located in Guayaquil-Ecuador Using Novel Heat Transfer Fluids." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51468.

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An analysis of thermal performance of a vertical Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) from a close loop Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) located in Guayaquil-Ecuador is presented. The project aims to assess the influence of using novels heat transfer fluids such as nanofluids, slurries with microencapsulated phase change materials and a mixture of both. The BHEs sensitive evaluation is performed by a mathematical model in a finite element analysis by using computational tools; where, the piping array is studied in one dimension scenario meanwhile its surroundings grout and ground volumes are presented as a three dimensional scheme. Therefore, an optimized model design can be achieved which would allow to study the feasibility of GSHP in buildings and industries in Guayaquil-Ecuador.
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Reports on the topic "Vertical ground heat exchanger"

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Liu, Xiaobing, Yarom Polsky, Defeng Qian, and Josh McDonald. Analysis of Cost Reduction Potential of Vertical Bore Ground Heat Exchanger (Final). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1474649.

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