Journal articles: 'Vertical beach'

1

KAWANISIH, Toshimasa, and Kazunari OHGATA. "VERTICAL IRRADIANCE OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON BEACH." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 68, no. 574 (2003): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.68.65_3.

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Yoo, C. I., and T. S. Oh. "BEACH VOLUME CHANGE USING UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY SONGJUNG BEACH, KOREA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-1201-2016.

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Natural beach is controlled by many factors related to wave and tidal forces, wind, sediment, and initial topography. For this reason, if numerous topographic data of beach is accurately collected, coastal erosion/acceleration is able to be assessed and clarified. Generally, however, many studies on coastal erosion have limitation to analyse the whole beach, carried out of partial area as like shoreline (horizontal 2D) and beach profile (vertical 2D) on account of limitation of numerical simulation. This is an important application for prevention of coastal erosion, and UAV photogrammetry is also used to 3D topographic data. This paper analyses the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to 3D map and beach volume change. UAV (Quadcopter) equipped with a non-metric camera was used to acquire images in Songjung beach which is located south-east Korea peninsula. The dynamics of beach topography, its geometric properties and estimates of eroded and deposited sand volumes were determined by combining elevation data with quarterly RTK-VRS measurements. To explore the new possibilities for assessment of coastal change we have developed a methodology for 3D analysis of coastal topography evolution based on existing high resolution elevation data combined with low coast, UAV and on-ground RTK-VRS surveys. DSMs were obtained by stereo-matching using Agisoft Photoscan. Using GCPs the vertical accuracy of the DSMs was found to be 10 cm or better. The resulting datasets were integrated in a local coordinates and the method proved to be a very useful fool for the detection of areas where coastal erosion occurs and for the quantification of beach change. The value of such analysis is illustrated by applications to coastal of South Korea sites that face significant management challenges.

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Yoo, C. I., and T. S. Oh. "BEACH VOLUME CHANGE USING UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY SONGJUNG BEACH, KOREA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-1201-2016.

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Natural beach is controlled by many factors related to wave and tidal forces, wind, sediment, and initial topography. For this reason, if numerous topographic data of beach is accurately collected, coastal erosion/acceleration is able to be assessed and clarified. Generally, however, many studies on coastal erosion have limitation to analyse the whole beach, carried out of partial area as like shoreline (horizontal 2D) and beach profile (vertical 2D) on account of limitation of numerical simulation. This is an important application for prevention of coastal erosion, and UAV photogrammetry is also used to 3D topographic data. This paper analyses the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to 3D map and beach volume change. UAV (Quadcopter) equipped with a non-metric camera was used to acquire images in Songjung beach which is located south-east Korea peninsula. The dynamics of beach topography, its geometric properties and estimates of eroded and deposited sand volumes were determined by combining elevation data with quarterly RTK-VRS measurements. To explore the new possibilities for assessment of coastal change we have developed a methodology for 3D analysis of coastal topography evolution based on existing high resolution elevation data combined with low coast, UAV and on-ground RTK-VRS surveys. DSMs were obtained by stereo-matching using Agisoft Photoscan. Using GCPs the vertical accuracy of the DSMs was found to be 10 cm or better. The resulting datasets were integrated in a local coordinates and the method proved to be a very useful fool for the detection of areas where coastal erosion occurs and for the quantification of beach change. The value of such analysis is illustrated by applications to coastal of South Korea sites that face significant management challenges.

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4

Ayat Aydogan, Berna, Nobuhisa Kobayashi, YalÃ§Ä±n YÃ¼ksel, and Burak AydoÄŸan. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SEAWALL- BEACH PROFILE INTERACTION IN RUNUP ZONE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.sediment.21.

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This study aimed to determine beach response in the presence of a vertical wall placed in the run-up zone. The responses of natural beach and the beach with a seawall with two different configurations were studied numerically. The capability and limitation of the cross-shore numerical model CSHORE in simulating the cross-shore transformation and the beach evolution in front of a seawall situated inside the surf zone was examined. Numerical model results were compared with small scale laboratory tests (YÃ¼ksel et. al, 2014). Offshore transport was observed in all three tests and the model was shown to predict the same trends in profile evolution. Scour depth in front of the vertical wall was correctly captured by the numerical model.

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Tsujimoto, Gozo, Masahiro Tamai, and Fumihiko Yamada. "LONG-TERM PREDICTION OF BEACH PROFILE AND SEDIMENT GRAIN SIZE CHARACTERISTIC AT LOW ENERGY BEACH." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.14.

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Artificial sandy beach profiles and vertical distributions of sediment grain size were measured monthly along two cross-shore lines at Azure Maiko Beach for 2 years. All measured profiles and vertical distributions are approximated using quadratic profiles. To interpret temporal variations of these profiles, six parameters are introduced. Principle component analysis was applied to evolution of the six parameters to detect major variation modes. Relationships between the detected modes and external forces, wave height and tidal level are expressed using multiple linear regression analysis. The first mode was found to be caused by tidal oscillations and the second by energetic wave motions. Long-term prediction of the modes is examined using these regression results.

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Fredsøe, Jørgen. "Field Test(s) with Passive Vertical Beach Drainage." Journal of Coastal Research 101, sp1 (August 26, 2020): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/jcr-si101-056.1.

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7

Barnett, Michael R., and Hsiang Wang. "EFFECTS OF A VERTICAL SEAWALL ON PROFILE RESPONSE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.111.

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An attempt is made to determine beach profile response due to the presence of a vertical seawall placed in various cross-shore positions, and to examine the differences between natural beaches and seawall-backed beaches in response to normally incident wave attack. The investigation was mainly restricted to two-dimensional profile response under erosive wave conditions, with beach recovery response monitored to a limited extent. Spatial and temporal profile response was investigated by examining time-series profile configuration, volumetric changes, sediment transport patterns, and quasiequilibrium profile configuration. Additionally, dominant profile features such as the break point and reflection bars (as well as scour at the toe of the seawall-backed profiles) were observed and quantified.

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Kim, Inchul, Jung Lyul Lee, Jin Sang Hwang, Sahong Lee, and Jooyong Lee. "Vertical Structure of Rip Current Observed at Haeundae Beach." Journal of Coastal Research 72 (November 2, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si72-001.1.

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9

Liu, Yi, and Xiao Min Mao. "Influence of Boundary Conditions on Modeling Seawater Intrusion into Coastal Aquifer." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3074–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3074.

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Numerical simulation is an essential tool for investigation of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifer. For most groundwater modeling software, boundary condition along the beach is required. But it was normally assumed due to the uncertainty in the seawater – freshwater interface. Using FEFLOW, a groundwater simulation software based on finite element method, we investigated the intrusion scope and the exiting point of groundwater outflow under various boundary conditions. Seven cases were designed, among which three cases with boundary conditions of a freshwater layer over seawater, three cases with a triangle freshwater zone between seawater and the beach, and the last one without freshwater at the seawater boundary. Results showed that the last case has the longest intrusion scope. The scope of seawater intrusion is determined by both the horizontal water head gradient along the bottom of the aquifer and the vertical water head gradient along the beach. Both higher horizontal gradient and lower vertical gradient result in larger intrusion scope. In some circumstances, the vertical gradient has greater impact on seawater intrusion than the horizontal gradient, and act as the main power inhibiting seawater intrusion.

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10

Ohishi, H., T. Uda, Y. Murakami, and M. Watanabe. "PREDICTION OF 3-D BEACH CHANGES ON THE FUJI COAST." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.143.

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The temporal and spatial beach changes on the Fuji Coast are elucidated through this study, and the 1i t toral transport rate on the downdrift coast of Tagonoura Port is evaluated. In particular, it is concluded that a large amount of sediment eroded from the downdrift beach of Tagonoura Port is carried away toward a zone deeper than 20m. The second aim of this study is to devel op a numerical model whi ch can predict three-dimensional beach changes. For this purpose, a model in which the vertical distribution of littoral transport is taken in to account and the effect of the wave-dissipating breakwaters on the beach changes can be evaluated is developed.

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Doria, André, and R. T. Guza. "Estimating Changes in Near-Shore Bathymetry with Subaerial Surveys." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 2225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00012.1.

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Abstract Surveys of the subaerial beach (e.g., landward of approximately the MSL depth contour) are widely used to evaluate temporal changes in sand levels over large alongshore reaches. Here, seasonal beach face volume changes based on full bathymetry beach profiles (to ~8 m in depth) are compared with estimates based on the subaerial section of the profile. The profiles span 15 years and 75 km of Southern California shoreline, where seasonal vertical fluctuations in near-shore sand levels of a few meters are common. In years with relatively low winter wave energy, most erosion occurs above the MSL contour, and subaerial surveys capture as much as 0.8 of the total (relatively small) seasonal beach face volume change. In response to more energetic winter waves, beach face erosion increases and occurs as deep as 3 m below MSL, and subaerial surveys capture as little as 0.2 of the total beach face volume change. Patchy, erosion-resistant rock and cobble layers contribute to alongshore variation of the subaerial fraction of beach face volume change.

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Sargeant, B. L., J. Mann, P. Berggren, and M. Krützen. "Specialization and development of beach hunting, a rare foraging behavior, by wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1400–1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-136.

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Foraging behaviors of bottlenose dolphins vary within and among populations, but few studies attempt to address the causes of individual variation in foraging behavior. We examined how ecological, social, and developmental factors relate to the use of a rare foraging tactic by wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp. Gervais, 1855) in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Beach hunting involves partial and nearly complete stranding on beach shores. Over 10 years of observation, only four adults and their calves were observed beach hunting in more than 1 year. Of two adult beach hunters observed in detail, one was more specialized in beach hunting than the other, indicating substantial flexibility in degree of use. Only calves born to beach hunters developed the tactic, although complete stranding was not observed at least up to 5 years of age. Beach hunters used shallow, inshore habitats significantly more than others and were more likely to hunt during incoming tide. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were not consistent with strict matrilineal transmission. Thus, beach hunting likely involves vertical social learning by calves, while individual, horizontal, and (or) oblique learning may occur among individuals who frequent coastal habitats.

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13

Eichmanns, Christiane, and Holger Schüttrumpf. "Investigating Changes in Aeolian Sediment Transport at Coastal Dunes and Sand Trapping Fences: A Field Study on the German Coast." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8121012.

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For the restoration and maintenance of beach and dune systems along the coast, knowledge of aeolian sediment transport and its interaction with coastal protection measures is required. As a nature-based solution, sand trapping fences can be an integral part of coastal protection measures initiating foredune development. There are few detailed studies on aeolian sediment transport rates on coastal dunes and sand trapping fences available to date. Thus, in this work, we present the results of field experiments conducted at the beach, coastal dune, and sand trapping fence on the East Frisian island Langeoog. The vertical sediment flux profile was measured by vertical mesh sand traps, and saltiphones measured the instantaneous sediment transport. A meteorological station was set up to obtain wind data. On the beach, dune toe, and dune crest, the stationary wind profile can be described well by the law of the wall. Saturated aeolian sediment transport rates on the beach and dune toe were predicted by widely used empirical models. Between the sand trapping fence, these empirical transport models could not be applied, as no logarithmic wind profile existed. The upwind sediment supply reduced after each brushwood line of the sand trapping fence, thereby, leading to increased deviation from the saturated conditions.

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14

Inukai, Naoyuki, Masaya Shinohara, Tokimitsu Ochiai, and Hiroshi Yamamoto. "ANALYSIS OF WAVE RUN UP DYNAMICS AT JOGEHAMA BEACH JAPAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.papers.68.

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The big wave suddenly arrived at the beach, Niigata prefecture Japan in May 2014. And three children were carried off to the sea by the wave, though they played on the beach. When the accident occurred, the significant wave heights was 1.2m, and the wave period was 7.9 seconds. The beach characteristic topography has the cusp topography and steep slope. We tried to understand the reason why this accident occurred. Firstly, we reproduced the wave condition when the accident occurred. Secondary, we made the survey to understand the geographic feature of the beach. After the survey, we obtained the geographic data for the numerical simulation from the aerial photograph which were taken by UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle). Finally, we comprehended the wave dynamics on the beach by the numerical simulation. We simulated the wave dynamics by the horizontal two dimensional numerical model and the vertical two dimensional numerical model.

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Shugan, Igor, Hwung-Hweng Hwung, and Ray-Yeng Yang. "TSUNAMI RUN-UP ON THE HORIZONTAL BEACH." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 23, 2011): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.currents.10.

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Tsunami run-up on the flat horizontal beach is studied by using the Benney shallow water equations. The dam-breaking flow includes vortexes, vertical shear flow and dissipation of momentum and energy on the front due to bore breaking. Propagating of hydrodynamics bores with breaking is analyzed by the mass, momentum and energy relations on the shock wave. Non dissipative wave front propagates faster than classical bore, while taking into account the dissipation and wave breaking leads to slowing of the wave front.

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Briganti, Riccardo, Rosaria Ester Musumeci, Jentsje Van der Meer, Alessandro Romano, Laura Maria Stancanelli, Matthias Kudella, Rizki Akbar, et al. "LARGE SCALE TESTS ON FORESHORE EVOLUTION DURING STORM SEQUENCES AND THE PERFORMANCE OF A NEARLY VERTICAL STRUCTURE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.papers.13.

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This work presents the results of an experimental investigation on the effects of a sequence of storms on wave overtopping at a nearly vertical battered seawall at the back of a sandy foreshore. The experiments were carried out in the Large Wave Flume (GWK) at Leibniz UniversitÃ¤t Hannover (Germany), as part of the research project ICODEP (Impact of Changing fOreshore on flood DEfence Performance), within the European Union programme Hydralab+. The layout consisted of a 10/1 battered seawall and a natural sandy foreshore with an initial 1:15 slope. The beach sand had a nominal diameter of 0.30 mm. Three storm sequences were simulated, where each consisted of three individual storms. Each storm was divided into six steps in which the wave conditions and still water level were varied to represent the peak of an actual storm. The six sea states were based on a JONSWAP spectral shape, with wave heights roughly between 0.6 m and 0.8 m. Two still water levels were tested. For the central two steps the level was such that the freeboard was only 0.14 m and almost all waves were overtopping. In the remaining steps low still water levels were employed, leaving a narrow swash zone. Two storm profiles were considered, the first one with a lower level of energy and the second one with a higher one. These were combined in the three different sequences. All the tested wave conditions were designed to be erosive for the beach, with no recovery in between. Each sequence started from a plain beach configuration and the beach was not restored in between storms. The measurements included waves, pressure and forces, sediment concentrations and flow velocity together with overtopping. The profile of the beach was measured after each sea state tested.

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Toyoshima, Osamu. "GENTLE SLOPE SEAWALLS COVERED WITH ARMOUR UNITS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.147.

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Since the early 1960's, many seawalls against the beach erosion have been constructed in Japan, most of which were of vertical type. As a result, some of the seawalls even encouraged the beach erosion due to the reflected waves on the steep front of the seawalls. The author then proposed seawalls of new types with gentle front slope(l to 3) covered with armour units in 1981, and over one hundred fieldworks have successfully been carried out. In 1985, the author proposed reforming the existing vertical type seawalls into the gentler front slope (1 to 5 or 6) seawalls. The laboratory test on the gentle slope seawall was made, and some experimental fieldworks were carried out. At this time, these new type gentler slope seawalls are successful.

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Dette, Hans H., and Klemens Uliczka. "VELOCITY AND SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION FIELDS ACROSS SURF ZONES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.79.

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Wave-induced currents and sediment concentrations in suspension across the surf zone were investigated at prototype scale in the BIG WAVE FLUME in Hannover for combined beach and dune profiles as well during the development phase until quasi-equilibrium stage as after beach equilibrium conditions had been reached. The selected initial profiles were partly investigated in repeated tests with regular and irregular waves. Based upon the obtained experimental data a comparison is presented between the measured and calculated landward displacement of sediment volume through a selected point on the beach into seaward areas. The discrepancies in between the results for measured profile change and for calculated sediment transport volume derived from vertical current and suspension distributions are discussed.

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Martins, Mariana de Oliveira, Tito Cesar Marques de Almeida, and Maikon Di Domenico. "Vertical distribution of meiofauna on reflective sandy beaches." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 63, no. 4 (December 2015): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592015095606304.

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Abstract Extreme physical conditions usually limit the meiofauna occurrence and distribution in highly hydrodynamic environments such as reflective beaches. Despite sediment grains of the upper layers being constantly resuspended and deposited, the high energy of the swash zone besides depositing coarse sediments allows an ample vertical distribution of meiofaunal organisms. The effect of physical, chemical and sediment variables on the vertical distribution of meiofaunal organims and nematodes was analysed on two reflective exposed beaches. Sampling was conducted at three sampling points on each beach in the swash zone. The sediment collected was divided into four 10-cm strata (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm). The statistical differences between strata due to factors previously established (i.e. meiofaunal composition, density of most abundant taxa) were tested using a hierarchical PERMANOVA applied under similarity and euclidian distances. An inverse relation among average grain size, content of organic matter and sediment sorting was evident. Coarser sediment characterized the upper layers, while at deeper layers the sediment was very poorly sorted and presented a higher content of organic matter. A similar pattern in the vertical distribution of meiofaunal and nematofaunal composition and density was detected. The lowest densities were associated with the first stratum (0-10 cm), highly affected by hydrodynamics. The vertical distribution of organisms was statistically different only when the interaction among factors was considered. This result suggests that zonation and vertical distribution of meiofaunal organisms are determined by the within-beach variability.

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Bacon, Steven N., Thomas F. Bullard, Amanda K. Keen-Zebert, Angela S. Jayko, and David L. Decker. "Spatiotemporal patterns of distributed slip in southern Owens Valley indicated by deformation of late Pleistocene shorelines, eastern California." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2020): 1681–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35247.1.

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Abstract High-resolution elevation surveys of deformed late Pleistocene shorelines and new luminescence dating provide improved constraints on spatiotemporal patterns of distributed slip between normal and strike-slip faulting in southern Owens Valley, eastern California. A complex array of five subparallel faults, including the normal Sierra Nevada frontal fault and the oblique-normal Owens Valley fault, collectively form an active pull-apart basin that has developed within a dextral transtensional shear zone. Spatiotemporal patterns of slip are constrained by post–IR-IRSL (post-infrared–infrared stimulated luminescence) dating of a 40.0 ± 5.8 ka highstand beach ridge that is vertically faulted and tilted up to 9.8 ± 1.8 m and an undeformed suite of 11–16 ka beach ridges. The tectono-geomorphic record of deformed beach ridges and alluvial fans indicates that both normal and dextral faulting occurred between the period of ca. 16 and 40 ka, whereas dextral faulting has been the predominant style of slip since ca. 16 ka. A total extension rate of 0.7 ± 0.2 mm/yr resolved in the N72°E direction across all faults in Owens Lake basin is within error of geodetic estimates, suggesting extension has been constant during intervals of 101–104 yr. A new vertical slip rate of 0.13 ± 0.04 m/k.y. on the southern Owens Valley fault from deformed 160 ± 32 ka shoreline features also suggests constant slip for intervals up to 105 yr when compared to paleoseismic vertical slip rates from the same fault segment. This record supports a deformation mechanism characterized by steady slip and long interseismic periods of 8–10 k.y. where the south-central Owens Valley fault and Sierra Nevada frontal fault form a parallel fault system.

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Wei, Zhangping, and Robert A. Dalrymple. "SPH MODELING OF VORTICITY GENERATION BY SHORT-CRESTED WAVE BREAKING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.waves.1.

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This study investigates vorticity generation by short-crested wave breaking by using the mesh-free Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model, GPUSPH. The short-crested waves are created by generating intersecting wave trains in a numerical wave basin with a beach. The capability of GPUSPH to simulate short-crested waves is first validated by laboratory measurements. Then we examine short-crested wave breaking with two incident wave heights H = 0.2 m and 0.3 m. The larger incident wave breaks at the toe of the planar beach, while the smaller incident wave breaks above the planar beach. The breaking wave profile, current field, nearshore circulation pattern, and vertical vorticity field due to short-crested wave breaking are carefully compared between two incident waves.

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Damiani, Leonardo, Antonio Felice Petrillo, and Alessandra Saponieri. "NEAR SHORE MORPHODYNAMIC OF DRAINED BEACHES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 29, 2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.posters.8.

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The paper deals with a morphological study on a drained beach, under different wave conditions. The Beach Drainage System (BDS) should artificially increase beach infiltration capacity by installing a drain under the beach face. The system produces a water table lowering and, consequently, an increasing of unsaturated zone (Damiani et Al.,2009); moreover, a vertical infiltration flow increases effective weight of grains, producing a better stability. According to the above hydrodynamic effect BDS should influence cross shore sediment transport in the shore zone. Many BDS prototypes have been installed around the world; also in Italy some examples are available, i.e. Ostia (Damiani et Al.,2003), Alassio and Procida (Vicinanza et Al.,2009). Field monitoring is very useful to assess the effectiveness of the system, even if with uncertainties in results, affected by the impossibility to control the boundary conditions. Laboratory tests (Damiani et Al.,2009) could be used in defining how does the system work in different wave conditions and drain configurations.

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Morales, Camilo, Alberto Bard, and Carolina Palma. "The impact of considering the vertical seismic coefficient kv on the pseudostatic slope stability analysis of downstream tailings sand dams." Obras y Proyectos, no. 32 (December 2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/0718-51620202203203.

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In Chile, the limit equilibrium analysis under pseudostatic conditions is compulsory according to the Supreme Decree 248 (DS248, 2007), which establishes a minimum factor of safety (FoS) of 1.2 for stability analysis. In Chilean geotechnical practice, it is usually considered just the horizontal seismic coefficient (kh) for the analyses. However, there is a constant discussion about the necessity of applying both horizontal and vertical seismic coefficient (kv) into the analyses. In addition, there is uncertainty about what kv/kh should be considered and the effect that the sense of application (upward or downward) could have on the FoS. This paper presents an analysis of the effect of considering different |kv|/kh from 0 to 1 on both analysis directions for generic downstream tailings sand dam. Based on this, different dam heights, beach lengths and seepage conditions are also analysed. The obtained results show that when both kh and kv are applied, the FoS increase if kv acts downward and decrease when it acts upward. In addition, the effect for |kv|/kh ≤ 0.5 is almost neglectable, especially for kh ≤ 0.15. Furthermore, although a short beach length significantly impacts the FoS, the influence of applying both kh and kv seems to be independent of the beach length

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Sharke, Paul. "Long Line in Long Beach." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-oct-8.

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This article discusses various aspects of a riveter and its usage at Boeing. Boeing took delivery of the riveter in 1998 from the German company Brötje Automation and the Spanish company Torres Industries. The riveter puts together the fuselage panels of the U.S. Air Force's C- 17 Globemaster Ill, a giant military transport aircraft {CE: Please check the validity of this edit.}. In four stations, the riveter joins panels to panels, and panels to frames. At the first station, an overhead crane takes an individual panel out of a shipping container, rotates it from a vertical posture to a horizontal one, and then lowers it onto a field of spike-like ‘pogos.’ The pogos extend and retract radially from a bridge, cradling a panel by conforming to its contours like a waiter balancing a tray on the tips of all five fingers. Adding to the already complex matrix of rivet data and locations is the control of every pogo and bridge move for any given panel assembly. With nine pogos per bridge, each with radial and circumferential locations, and five bridges per car, each of which must move along the length of the shuttle for tool clearance, the machine presents a monumental programming task.

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Li, Wanbing, Shaohua Li, Quangong Qu, Huafeng Zhang, Junying Zhao, and Mengjiao Dou. "A Modeling Approach for Beach-Bar Sand Reservoirs Based on Depositional Mode and Sandbody Volume." Minerals 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12080950.

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Beach-bar sand in lacustrine facies represents one of the most significant reservoirs. Depending on the depositional characteristics, it can be further divided into two different sedimentary microfacies, beach sand and the bar sand. Favorable reservoirs are often developed in bar sand. The lower section of the upper part of the 4th member of the Shahejie Formation in the Gao89-1 block is a typical nearshore shallow water beach-bar deposit. Oil distribution is influenced by lithofacies and physical properties. In order to better characterize the heterogeneity within beach-bar sandbodies, a modeling method based on the depositional mode and sandbody volume is proposed. Firstly, a sandbody model is established. On this basis, an algorithm for distinguishing between beach and bar sand based on vertical thickness is proposed. The model is post processed based on the sandbody volume to remove unreasonable sandbodies. The method allows for a more realistic three-dimensional geological model of the beach-bar sands in the study area than the classical two-point geostatistical, object-based, and multi-point simulation method. A facies-controlled modeling approach is used to establish a petrophysical property model on this foundation; the result shows that the property models better reflect the characteristics of the petrophysical distribution in the Gao89-1 block.

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Puleo, Jack, Chris Blenkinsopp, Daniel Conley, Gerd Masselink, Paul Russell, Ian Turner, Daniel Buscombe, Thijs Lanckriet, Robert McCall, and Timothy Poate. "COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF SWASH-ZONE HYDRODYNAMICS AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.1.

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A comprehensive study of swash-zone sediment transport was conducted on a macro-tidal beach in Perranporth, UK. The unique study is the first to simultaneously measure suspended sediment and sheet flow sediment concentrations and near bed velocity on a natural beach. Data collected during the study will be used to address the importance of sheet flow processes on swash zone sediment transport and morphology, the variability in the near bed velocity profile and the importance of alongshore and vertical flows, cross-shore advection of turbulence and the inference of swash zone forcing and momentum transfer from remotely sensed data.

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Stark, Nina, Peter Mewis, Bridgit Reeve, Matthew Florence, Jan Piller, and Jessica Simon. "Vertical pore pressure variations and geotechnical sediment properties at a sandy beach." Coastal Engineering 172 (March 2022): 104058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2021.104058.

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Rotnicka, Joanna. "Aeolian vertical mass flux profiles above dry and moist sandy beach surfaces." Geomorphology 187 (April 2013): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.032.

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Da Silva, Paula Gomes, RaÃºl Medina, Mauricio GonzÃ¡lez, and Roland Garnier. "FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND SWASH PARAMETERIZATION ON BEACHES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.23.

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The wave runup, defined as the vertical oscillation of the water edge at the coast, is commonly used as criterion for coastal design projects and flooding/erosion risk analysis. Due to the complexity of nearshore wave processes, most runup studies are based on empirical approaches which directly relate these oscillations to the beach and offshore wave characteristics. However, there is still considerable debate about just how runup is related to these environmental parameters, as well as about the range of application of empirical models due to site specific conditions. Recent works emphasized the importance of including site specific conditions to reduce the scatter in available parameterizations. Parameters related to beach characteristics like the sediment size, the amount of reflection, wave spectral shape and morphodynamic beach state may improve runup predictions (Poate et al., 2016, Guza and Feddersen, 2012).

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Yates, Marissa L., R. T. Guza, Roberto Gutierrez, and Richard Seymour. "A Technique for Eliminating Water Returns from Lidar Beach Elevation Surveys." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecho561.1.

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Abstract Airborne light detecting and ranging (lidar) systems can survey hundreds of kilometers of shoreline with high spatial resolution (several elevation estimates per square meter). Sequential surveys yield spatial change maps of beach and dune sand levels. However, lidar data include elevations of the exposed, subaerial beach and, seaward of the waterline, the ocean surface. Here, a simple method is developed to find the waterline and eliminate returns from the ocean surface. A vertical elevation cutoff is used, with the waterline elevation (W) above the known tide level because of the superelevation from wave setup and runup. During each lidar pass, the elevation cutoff (W) is assumed proportional (C) to the offshore significant wave height Hs. Comparison of in situ and lidar surveys on a moderately sloped, dissipative California beach yields C ≈ 0.4, which is qualitatively consistent with existing observations of runup and setup. The calibrated method rejects ocean surface data, while retaining subaerial beach points more than 70 m seaward of the mean high waterline, which is often used as a conservative default waterline.

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Ito, Masahiro, and Yoshito Tsuchiya. "REPRODUCTION MODELS OF BEACH CHANGE BY STORM WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.115.

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This paper presents a technique to reproduce, by a twodimensional moveable-bed model, beach change due to the timedependent storm waves which are generated by the passage of an atmospheric depression. In the model test, scaling conditions for sand grain-size, vertical and horizontal lengths, and wave height and period characteristics were established by applying the authors' scale-model relationship which was reported; and wave duration time also was decided. A method of employing regular waves in the model to represent irregular waves in the field is proposed. From the results, it was shown that the model can reproduce well the beach change in the field using the regular waves having the mean wave properties in the irregular waves.

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Carol, Eleonora, Santiago Perdomo, María del Pilar Álvarez, Carolina Tanjal, and Pablo Bouza. "Hydrochemical, Isotopic, and Geophysical Studies Applied to the Evaluation of Groundwater Salinization Processes in Quaternary Beach Ridges in a Semiarid Coastal Area of Northern Patagonia, Argentina." Water 13, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 3509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243509.

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Quaternary sea level fluctuations have led to the development of beach ridges on many South Atlantic coasts. The objective of this paper was to asses from lithological, hydrochemical, isotopic, and geophysical studies the salinization processes affecting groundwater stored in Pleistocene and Holocene beach ridges of the northern Patagonian coast. A hydrogeomorphological characterization of the area was performed using digital elevation models, the interpretation of satellite images, and field studies. Vertical electrical soundings were performed on transects running perpendicular to beach ridges in order to define variations in the freshwater-saltwater interface position. The salinity, chemistry, and stable isotopes of the groundwater were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the groundwater salinization of Pleistocene ridges responds to processes associated with the geological-geomorphological evolution of the area. The cementation of these surface sediments limits rainwater infiltration, which consequently prevents the development of freshwater lenses. This suggests that saline water is the result of ancient marine ingressions. Freshwater lenses develop in Holocene beach ridges; however, slight water salinization is detectable in the most populated areas as a result of intensive exploitation. The data provided are useful for freshwater resource prospection along the arid coast of Patagonia, where beach ridge deposits abound and populations experience serious drinking water supply problems.

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Gruwez, Vincent, Corrado Altomare, Tomohiro Suzuki, Maximilian Streicher, Lorenzo Cappietti, Andreas Kortenhaus, and Peter Troch. "Validation of RANS Modelling for Wave Interactions with Sea Dikes on Shallow Foreshores Using a Large-Scale Experimental Dataset." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090650.

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In this paper, a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations solver, interFoam of OpenFOAM®, is validated for wave interactions with a dike, including a promenade and vertical wall, on a shallow foreshore. Such a coastal defence system is comprised of both an impermeable dike and a beach in front of it, forming the shallow foreshore depth at the dike toe. This case necessitates the simulation of several processes simultaneously: wave propagation, wave breaking over the beach slope, and wave interactions with the sea dike, consisting of wave overtopping, bore interactions on the promenade, and bore impacts on the dike-mounted vertical wall at the end of the promenade (storm wall or building). The validation is done using rare large-scale experimental data. Model performance and pattern statistics are employed to quantify the ability of the numerical model to reproduce the experimental data. In the evaluation method, a repeated test is used to estimate the experimental uncertainty. The solver interFoam is shown to generally have a very good model performance rating. A detailed analysis of the complex processes preceding the impacts on the vertical wall proves that a correct reproduction of the horizontal impact force and pressures is highly dependent on the accuracy of reproducing the bore interactions.

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Peterson, Curt D., Debra L. Doyle, Charles L. Rosenfeld, and Kara E. P. Kingen. "Predicted Responses of Beaches, Bays, and Inner-Shelf Sand Supplies to Potential Sea Level Rise (0.5-1.0 m) in Three Small Littoral Subcells in the High-Wave-Energy Northern Oregon Coast, USA." Journal of Geography and Geology 12, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v12n2p1.

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Three small subcells (Nehalem, Tillamook, and Netarts) totaling ~55 km shoreline length in the high-wave energy northern Oregon coast are evaluated for potential beach sand loss from sea level rise (SLR) of 0.5–1.0 m during the next century. The predicted erosion is based on beach sand displacement from the narrow beaches (average ~120 m width) to increased submarine accommodation spaces in the innermost-shelf (to 30 m water depth) and in the subcell estuaries (Tillamook Bay, Netarts Bay, and Nehalem Bay), following predicted near-future SLR. Beach sand sources from local rivers, paleo-shelf deposits, and/or sea cliff retreat are discriminated by distinctive heavy-mineral tracers. Modern beach sands in the study area are derived from river sand (~75 %) and paleo-shelf sand (~25 %). The supplies of paleo-shelf sand to the beaches have largely diminished in late-Holocene time. The river-enriched beach sands have been transported offshore to the inner-shelf (0–50 m water depth) to fill increasing accommodation space in the inner-shelf during latest-Holocene conditions of relative SLR (1.0 m ka-1). To evaluate the beach sand response to future SLR, representative beach profiles (n=17) and intervening beach segment distances were compiled to yield beach sand volumes above mean lower low water (MLLW) or shallower wave-cut platforms ‘bedrock’. Across-shore cross-sectional areas, as averaged for each subcell, are as follows; Cannon Beach (304 m2), Tillamook (683 m2), and Netarts (227 m2). Littoral sand displacements to the adjacent innermost-shelf (to 30 m water depth) and the marine-dominated areas of the three estuaries are based on assumed vertical sand accretion rates of 1.0 m per century and a conservative value of 0.5 m per century. The filling of such submarine accommodation spaces will displace all active-beach sand reserves in all three subcells for either the 1.0 m or 0.5 m thickness accommodation space scenarios. Large beach sand deficits, primarily from the filling of offshore accommodation spaces, could cause further retreat of soft-shorelines, including barrier spit and beach plain/dune deposits, in the Tillamook subcell (150-280 m) and in the southern half of the Netarts subcell (370-770 m). The accommodation space approach used to predict beach sand volume loss from future SLR should have broad applicability in complex littoral systems worldwide.

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SOH, Kim Geok, Aminuddin bin Yusof, Kim Lam SOH, Mohd Sofian Omar Fauzee, and Hiong Kwong MOH. "Agility and Leg Power Comparison between University Indoor and Beach Volleyball Players." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.181858.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. This study sought to compare the agility and leg power between indoor and beach volleyball players in Malaysia, and to investigate the differences for the above variables within gender. The subjects were 25 Malaysian players (6 for beach volleyball and 19 for indoor volleyball) who represented Malaysia in the ASEAN University Games in August 2008 in Kuala Lumpur. The SEMO agility test and Vertical Jump test were used to measure agility and leg power, respectively. The data were analysed descriptively, and the T-test used to establish significant differences between the players. Overall, there was a significant difference in agility between the indoor and beach players (f=7.60, p<0.01), where the beach volleyball players were reported to be more agile. In addition, a significant difference was also reported for leg power between male indoor and beach volleyball players (f=1.47, p>0.24) – the beach players being stronger in term of leg power. There was a similar superiority in agility by the female beach players. The only superiority of the indoor over beach players was by the males in agility. 本研究旨在比較大學排球隊員，與沙灘排球員的身體靈敏度，以及腿部肌肉力量。邀請了25位代表馬來西亞出席世界大學生運動會的球員參與本研究，結果顯示：沙排球員的靈敏度整體較佳，男沙排球員的腿部爆發力則較強。

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Aguilera-Vidal, Maria, Juan J. Muñoz-Perez, Antonio Contreras, Francisco Contreras, Patricia Lopez-Garcia, and Bismarck Jigena. "Increase in the Erosion Rate Due to the Impact of Climate Change on Sea Level Rise: Victoria Beach, a Case Study." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121912.

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This article provides a general methodology for calculating the retreat of the coastline and the volume of sand necessary to renourish a beach due to sea level rise (SLR) in the medium-long term. An example is presented, Victoria Beach, and a projection is made for the years 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2100. The results obtained take into account global sea level rise (GSLR), which is worldwide, and local sea level rise (LSLR), which considers climate variability and vertical land movements. Regarding GSLR, data were provided by the projections from IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) scenarios and empirical models, such as Rahmstorf and Pfeffer. The LSLR data came from the tide gauge station located in Cadiz. Finally, the results obtained showed that global warming impacts erosive effects and the subsequent volume of sand required to renourish beaches. The total sea level rise (TSLR) projections indicated for Victoria Beach are relatively higher than the GSLR projections. Even in the best IPCC scenario (RCP 2.6), Victoria Beach presents a significant erosion of 52 m, requiring a volume of sand of 1.0 Mm3 to supply renourishment.

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Munroe, Jeffrey S. "Ground Penetrating Radar Investigation of Late Pleistocene Shorelines of Pluvial Lake Clover, Elko County, Nevada, USA." Quaternary 3, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat3010009.

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Beach ridges constructed by pluvial Lake Clover in Elko County, Nevada during the Late Pleistocene were investigated with ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The primary objective was to document the internal architecture of these shorelines and to evaluate whether they were constructed during lake rise or fall. GPR data were collected with a ground-coupled 400-Mhz antenna and SIR-3000 controller. To constrain the morphology of the ridges, detailed topographic surveys were collected with a Topcon GTS-235W total station referenced to a second class 0 vertical survey point. GPR transects crossed the beach ridge built by Lake Clover at its highstand of 1725 m, along with seven other ridges down to the lowest beach at 1712 m. An average dielectric permittivity of 5.0, typical for dry sand and gravel, was calculated from GPR surveys in the vicinity of hand-excavations that encountered prominent stratigraphic discontinuities at known depths. Assuming this value, consistent radar signals were returned to a depth of ~3 m. Beach ridges are resolvable as ~90 to 150-cm thick stratified packages of gravelly sand overlying a prominent lakeward-dipping reflector, interpreted as the pre-lake land surface. Many ridges contain a package of sediment resembling a buried berm at their core, typically offset in a landward direction from the geomorphic crest of the beach ridge. Sequences of lakeward-dipping reflectors are resolvable beneath the beach face of all ridges. No evidence was observed to indicate that beach ridges were submerged by higher water levels after their formation. Instead, the GPR data are consistent with a model of sequential ridge formation during a monotonic lake regression.

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Bertin, Stephane, Benjamin Levy, Trevor Gee, and Patrice Delmas. "Geomorphic Change Detection Using Cost-Effective Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry: Evaluation of Direct Georeferencing from Consumer-Grade UAS at Orewa Beach (New Zealand)." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 86, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.86.5.289.

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Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and structure-from-motion photogrammetry are transforming the way we produce topo- graphic data, with applications covering many disciplines in the geosciences, including coastal studies. To overcome limitations of ground control points (GCPs), we evaluate direct georeferencing (DG) of consumer UAS imagery for the cost-effective measurement of beach topography. Using DG, camera positions determined with on-board instruments provide air control points for photogrammetry, obviating the need for presurveyed GCPs. We validate the approach at Orewa Beach, New Zealand, achieving vertical accuracies similar to light detection and ranging (< 0.2 m) at a higher resolution (< 0.1 m). A low-quality global navigation satellite system onboard a consumer UAS remains the main constraint on measurement quality. We show how independent topo- graphic data sets, which are increasingly available world- wide, can improve measurement quality, and hence change detection capacity. Our understanding of measurement quality achieved in this study is applied to the assessment of morphological and volumetric change at Orewa Beach.

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Feddersen, Falk, J. H. Trowbridge, and A. J. Williams. "Vertical Structure of Dissipation in the Nearshore." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 1764–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3098.1.

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Abstract The vertical structure of the dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy was observed in the nearshore region (3.2-m mean water depth) with a tripod of three acoustic Doppler current meters off a sandy ocean beach. Surface and bottom boundary layer dissipation scaling concepts overlap in this region. No depth-limited wave breaking occurred at the tripod, but wind-induced whitecapping wave breaking did occur. Dissipation is maximum near the surface and minimum at middepth, with a secondary maximum near the bed. The observed dissipation does not follow a surfzone scaling, nor does it follow a “log layer” surface or bottom boundary layer scaling. At the upper two current meters, dissipation follows a modified deep-water breaking-wave scaling. Vertical shear in the mean currents is negligible and shear production magnitude is much less than dissipation, implying that the vertical diffusion of turbulence is important. The increased near-bed secondary dissipation maximum results from a decrease in the turbulent length scale.

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KIOKA, Wataru, Masashi OKAJIMA, and Toshikazu KITANO. "Reflection of Strongly Nonlinear Waves from a Vertical Wall on a Sloping Beach." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 67, no. 2 (2011): I_1—I_5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.67.i_1.

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Karkashadze, Giorgiy Grigolovich, and Andrey Vladimirovich Nemirovskiy. "VERTICAL MOVEMENT OF DUST PARTICLES AT THE OUTLET OF THE DRY TAILINGS BEACH." V mire nauchnykh otkrytiy, no. 8 (November 24, 2014): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/wsd-2014-8-8.

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Oliver, Thomas S. N., Toru Tamura, Andrew D. Short, and Colin D. Woodroffe. "Rapid shoreline progradation followed by vertical foredune building at Pedro Beach, southeastern Australia." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 44, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4510.

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Clifton, A. Wayne, Richard T. Yoshida, and Roy W. Chursinoff. "Regina Beach — a town on a landslide." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-007.

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The town of Regina Beach is constructed on landslides along the Last Mountain Lake valley, a glacial meltwater channel in south-central Saskatchewan, Canada. The landslides are retrogressive in nature and are seated in bentonitic clay shale of the Bearpaw Formation. A study was conducted at Regina Beach to determine the sensitivity of the slopes to changes in slope geometry as a result of regrading, or groundwater changes. Back-calculated shear strength was compared with values from the laboratory and from other landslides in Cretaceous bedrock shales. Modest changes in grading of the toe areas would result in significant reductions in the local stability and future movements of upslope portions of the landslide. Development should minimize the amount of grading. Increased slope movement due to breaks in watermains was observed and measured. This correlated well with analysis. Development in landslide areas must assume that differential vertical and horizontal movements will occur. Proper site reconnaissance should identify optimum locations for buildings and services such that the risk of rupture or damage is minimized. Key words: landslide, retrogressive, back analysis, residual shear strength, Bearpaw Formation, inclinometer, slope movement.

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Salauddin, Md, and Jonathan Pearson. "A LABORATORY STUDY ON WAVE OVERTOPPING AT VERTICAL SEAWALLS WITH A SHINGLE FORESHORE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.waves.56.

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The existing empirical prediction formulae to determine the wave overtopping characteristics are mainly based on the laboratory measurements with the use of an impermeable foreshore slope in front of the structure. Recently, EurOtop (2016), an updated version of previous overtopping manual has been published with revised empirical equations to estimate mean overtopping discharge rates at plain vertical walls with and without foreshore.As past studies were mostly carried out at vertical seawalls on a fixed impermeable bed, little knowledge is available on the performance of these processes at coastal structures on a permeable shingle beach. This study presents the baseline overtopping characteristics at a plain vertical wall on an impermeable 1:20 foreshore slope, and compares the results with existing empirical predictions (EurOtop, 2016). In this paper, only the results on mean overtopping discharge and mean sediment rate at vertical walls are reported.

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Khoirullah, Evi mivtahul, I. g. L. Setyawan Purnama, and Margaretha Widyastuti. "Kajian Hidrostratigrafi Bentanglahan Kepesisiran Tipologi Marine Deposition Coast Kecamatan Ngambur Provinsi Lampung." geoedusains: Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi 2, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/geoedusains.v2i1.398.

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This research was conducted on coastal area located in Ngambur Subdistrict, Pesisir Barat Regency, Lampung Province. Geomorphologically, typology of this coastal area formed of marine deposition coast. Which is consist of sandy beach (M1), beach ridge (M2), and fluviomarine (Fm). The purpose of this reasearch is to reconstruct and analyze charactreistic of hydrostratigraphy which is includes of soil stratigraphy system and properties, and physical properties of groundwater in the research area. Vertical distribution of soil resistivity obtained by measuring 24 of measuring points with depth of penetration’s up to 150 meters. Determination of measurement points are selected using purposive sampling method. Furthermore, the resistivity value of the measurement results is calculated using IP2Win software. Results of the calculation matched with soil resistivity tables. Results of the research show that vertically the type of aquifers identified are aquifer, aquitard, and aquifug. The constituent material is dominated by alluvium containing fresh groundwater which acts as an aquifer and sandstone materials which acts as aquitard. The electrical conductivity value (DHL) measured <1,200mmhos / cm which indicates that the groundwater in ths area is classified as fresh groundwater.

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Morkūniene, Rasa, Vaida Valuntaite, Aloyzas Girgždys, and Nijole Astrauskiene. "137CS CONTAMINATION AND ITS VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE CURONIAN SPIT SOIL." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2005.9636859.

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In 2003–2004 soil depthprofile sampling was carried out at Juodkrantein the Curonian Spit. The activity concentrations of anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs in soil samples from the terrestrial and coastal environment of the Curonian Spit were determined and a study of their distribution was performed. The range of activity concentrations of accumulated deposits of 137Cs in a 0–30 cm soil layer is 0,2–370,9 Bq·kg−1 and 2,2–11,2 Bq˙kg−1in samples of the forest soil and beach sand, respectively. Soil depth profiles display higher activity concentration levels in their upper layer of the forest soil and insignificant variations of lower activity concentrations in the surf zone‐the dune ecosystem.

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Morgan, David, David Gunn, Andres Payo, and Michael Raines. "Passive Seismic Surveys for Beach Thickness Evaluation at Different England (UK) Sites." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (May 13, 2022): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050667.

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In an era of environmental change leading to rising sea levels and increased storminess, there is a need to quantify the volume of beach sediment on the coast of Britain in order to assess the vulnerability to erosion using cheap, easy-to-deploy and non-invasive methods. Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) is a technique that uses the natural background seismic ‘noise’ in order to determine the depth of underlying geological interfaces that have contrasting physical properties. In this study, the HVSR technique was deployed at a number of settings on the coast of England that represented a range of different compositions, geomorphology, and underlying bedrock. We verified the results by comparison to other survey techniques, such as ground-penetrating RADAR, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), and cone penetration tests. At locations where there was sufficient contrast in physical properties of the beach material compared to the underlying bedrock, the beach thickness (and therefore the volume of erodible material) was successfully determined, showing that HVSR is a useful tool to use in these settings.

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Frey, R. W., and J. D. Howard. "Beaches and beach-related facies, Holocene barrier islands of Georgia." Geological Magazine 125, no. 6 (November 1988): 621–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800023438.

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AbstractThe mesotidal coast of Georgia encompasses diverse sedimentary features and depositional environments, most of which typify major facies of the entire Georgia Bight – a broad embayment on the southeastern U.S. shelf. Barrier island strandline environments especially include tidal inlets and shoals, the beach shoreface, foreshore, and backshore, and dunes and washover fans. Low energy beach segments may grade directly into small seaside tidal flats. Relict salt marsh deposits crop out on erosional beaches. All deposits are in dynamic equilibrium with fluctuating coastal conditions and a gradual rise in sea level.Most of these facies are important in interpreting ancient epeiric transgressive/regressive coastal sequences. Pronounced local variations in the overall sequence result from complex latero-vertical relationships between (1) the shoreface, foreshore, and shoals, and (2) the shoals, low energy beaches, and beach-related tidal flats. Washover fans and relict deposits on erosional beaches cause perturbations within present day lateral relationships but are normal in transgressive facies tracts along such coasts. Close stratigraphic control of outcrops or cores would be necessary for detailed reconstructions of, or correlations among, ancient analogs.

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Shaw, L., P. Helmholz, D. Belton, and N. Addy. "COMPARISON OF UAV LIDAR AND IMAGERY FOR BEACH MONITORING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 4, 2019): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-589-2019.

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Abstract. With recent advancements in UAV based technology the use of airborne photogrammetry and LiDAR poses a new and effective approach for continuous, fast and efficient beach monitoring surveys. This paper aims to compare three platforms (a DJI Phantom Pro 4 using Ground Control Points, a DJI Matrice 200 with built in PPK allowing direct georeferencing and a DJI Matrice 600 with a Riegl Mini-VUX LiDAR system) in order to assess if they enable beach surveys to be performed efficiently, accurately and cost- effectively. A series of beach surveys were performed over a period of 6 months enabling the ability of each UAV surveying technique to be assessed for the identification and evaluation of trends in the changing topography of beaches and shorelines. The study area (Warnbro Sound, Western Australia) is an area that has experienced significant coastal change over the last 20 years as well as several serious weather events in the course of this research. The results show a significant positive bias of a consistent vertical offset to the ground surface by 4&ndash;9&thinsp;cm between the two image based systems in comparison to the LiDAR system. Although these height offsets are significant it is still within the accuracy required to perform successful beach surveys, and all systems were able to quantify the change of the beach shoreline in area (m2) and volume (m3).

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Mukherjee, Abhishek, Sabyasachi Chakraborty, Subhajit Das, and Tarun Kumar De. "Dynamics of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in bioturbated littoral surface sediments at a selected tourist destination of Northern Coastal Bay of Bengal, India: An ecologically significant case study." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 11 (2018): 799–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.051117.

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A case study was undertaken to observe the variations in the concentrations of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen species in the surface sediments of the littoral compartments at Bakkhali and Frasergunj situated within the single coastal stretch at the southernmost tip of West Bengal, India. Effects, if any, of the presence or absence of bioturbations on the variability of the dissolved nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, total dissolved nitrogen and the cumulative concentration of former three variables in the beach surface sediments were also noted. On site nitrite-nitrogen was found in alternate fluctuating patterns throughout the beach zonations with gradual lowering and peaking within each zone. An evidently prominent fact was the independence of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species from bioturbatory influences in the surface sediments of wave exposed littoral environments at the study sites. That effect might become significant in a vertical profile but from the data procured it can be stated that inorganic nitrogen species concentrations in surface beach sediments are not entirely perturbed by bioturbations and are governed by many other environmental parameters. A Pearson correlation performed on the normalized data sets revealed that there existed a fairly significant correlation in between the both the beach sediments with r-values ranging from -0.97 to +0.99 among the five variables considered at 95% confidence level. ANOVA Single factor yielded values in support of the rejection of the null hypothesis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vertical beach'

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