Journal articles: 'Vertical axis wind turbines'

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Khudri Johari, Muhd, Muhammad Azim A Jalil, and Mohammad Faizal Mohd Shariff. "Comparison of horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.13 (October 9, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21333.

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As the demand for green technology is rising rapidly worldwide, it is important that Malaysian researchers take advantage of Malaysia’s windy climates and areas to initiate more power generation projects using wind. The main objectives of this study are to build a functional wind turbine and to compare the performance of two types of design for wind turbine under different speeds and behaviours of the wind. A three-blade horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and a Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) have been designed with CATIA software and constructed using a 3D-printing method. Both wind turbines have undergone series of tests before the voltage and current output from the wind turbines are collected. The result of the test is used to compare the performance of both wind turbines that will imply which design has the best efficiency and performance for Malaysia’s tropical climate. While HAWT can generate higher voltage (up to 8.99 V at one point), it decreases back to 0 V when the wind angle changes. VAWT, however, can generate lower voltage (1.4 V) but changes in the wind angle does not affect its voltage output at all. The analysis has proven that VAWT is significantly more efficient to be built and utilized for Malaysia’s tropical and windy climates. This is also an initiative project to gauge the possibility of building wind turbines, which could be built on the extensive and windy areas surrounding Malaysian airports.

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Ackshaya Varshini, K. S., Alenkar K. Aswin, H. Rajan, and K. S. Maanav Charan. "Concept design and numerical analysis of hybrid solar–wind turbine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 850, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/850/1/012032.

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Abstract A wind turbine is a device that converts wind energy to electrical energy. External factors such as wind speed and direction shift, as well as turbine blade design considerations, cause a significant amount of energy to be wasted throughout the conversion process. Considering all these losses, a turbine’s average efficiency is roughly 45 percent. The blades of a wind turbine are one of the most crucial factors in determining the turbine’s efficiency. The design and geometry of the blades have a direct impact on performance since it determines how much kinetic energy from the wind is converted into mechanical energy. Many concepts and technologies are being used to improve the efficiency of wind turbines while lowering their maintenance costs. Wind turbines based on their axis orientation are classified as vertical axis and horizontal axis. Vertical axis wind turbines are not as widespread as their horizontal-axis counterparts due to their lower efficiency. In this study, we will use a Savonius vertical axis wind turbine to investigate a way of enhancing its efficiency by installing solar panels on its vertical blades and determining the best performance angle at which the turbine should be kept achieving maximum efficiency. Computation fluid dynamic analysis and thermal and structural analysis has been performed to check the efficiency of the designed blade. As a result, an optimized wind turbine design has been developed.

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Khammas, Farhan Ahmed, Kadhim Hussein Suffer, Ryspek Usubamatov, and Mohmmad Taufiq Mustaffa. "Overview of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is one of the Wind Energy Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.388.

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This paper reviews the available types of wind turbine which is one of the wind energy applications. The authors intend to give investors a better idea of which turbine is suitable for a particular setting and to provide a new outlook on vertical axis wind turbines. Wind technology has grown substantially since its original use as a method to grind grains and will only continue to grow. Vertical-axis wind turbines are more compact and suitable for residential and commercial areas while horizontal-axis wind turbines are more suitable for wind farms in rural areas or offshore. However, technological advances in vertical axis wind turbines that are able to generate more energy with a smaller footprint are now challenging the traditional use of horizontal wind turbines in wind farms. Vertical axis wind turbines do not need to be oriented to the wind direction and offer direct rotary output to a ground-level load, making them particularly suitable for water pumping, heating, purification and aeration, as well as stand-alone electricity generation. The use of high efficiency Darrieus turbines for such applications is virtually prohibited by their inherent inability to self-start.

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GALLO TORRES, MARLON, ENEKO MOLA SANZ, IGNACIO MUGURUZA FERNANDEZ DE VALDERRAMA, AITZOL UGARTEMENDIA ITURRIZAR, GONZALO ABAD BIAIN, and DAVID CABEZUELO ROMERO. "STATE OF THE ART OF SMALL WIND ENERGY ANALYSING DIFFERENT CONTROLS." DYNA 97, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10376.

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There are two wind turbine topologies according to the axis of rotation: horizontal axis, "Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines" (HAWT) and vertical axis, "Vertical Axis Wind Turbines" (VAWT) [2]. HAWT turbines are used for high power generation as they have a higher energy conversion efficiency [2]. However, VAWTs are used in mini wind applications because they do not need to be oriented to the prevailing wind and have lower installation cost.

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Guo, Jia, and Liping Lei. "Flow Characteristics of a Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Inclined Pitch Axes." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 6281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236281.

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Currently, vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are considered as an alternative technology to horizontal axis wind turbines in specific wind conditions, such as offshore farms. However, complex unsteady wake structures of VAWTs exert a significant influence on performance of wind turbines and wind farms. In the present study, instantaneous flow fields around and downstream of an innovative VAWT with inclined pitch axes are simulated by an actuator line model. Unsteady flow characteristics around the wind turbine with variations of azimuthal angles are discussed. Several fluid parameters are then evaluated on horizontal and vertical planes under conditions of various fold angles and incline angles. Results show that the total estimated wind energy in the shadow of the wind turbine with an incline angle of 30° and 150° is 4.6% higher than that with an incline angle of 90°. In this way, appropriate arrangements of wind turbines with various incline angles have the potential to obtain more power output in a wind farm.

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M. Saad, Magedi Moh. "Comparison of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines." IOSR Journal of Engineering 4, no. 8 (August 2014): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-04822730.

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Horiuchi, Kenji, Izumi Ushiyama, and Kazuichi Seki. "Straight Wing Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: A Flow Analysis." Wind Engineering 29, no. 3 (May 2005): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952405774354840.

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This research examines the flow velocity characters around lift-based straight-wing vertical-axis wind turbines (SW-VAWT) by numerical simulation. The precision of the prediction technique was confirmed. Furthermore, we estimate the flow behaviour during the wind turbine rotation by using this numerical simulation technique, and evaluate the flow around the SW-VAWT. This paper presents an outline of the work and gives the results of the calculations.

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Rabelo Moraes, André, Carlos Eduardo Silva Abreu, Arthur Eduardo Alves Amorim, and Rodrigo Fiorotti. "COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF FLOW AUGMENTATION SYSTEM APPLIED TO VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES." Revista Ifes Ciência 8, no. 1 (September 16, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36524/ric.v8i1.1325.

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Wind Energy, Convergent omnidirectional nozzle guide, Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, Energy Efficiency Wind energy, considered a stable alternative, can be implemented in cities by means of vertical axis wind turbines, which have better performance against turbulent flow compared to horizontal axis turbines. However, this type of turbine has not evolved technologically significantly in the last few centuries, being the horizontal axis turbines more studied and developed, due to the theoretical better efficiency of these turbines, which creates room for improvement. Therefore, vertical axis wind turbine will be studied and the performance of some enhancements will be analyzed aiming a more efficient harvesting of wind energy. In this regard, a flow augmentation system is proposed to be integrated with the wind turbine. In addition, the Lenz 2, S815 and JShaped airfoil shapes will be analyzed by Computational Fluid Dynamics – CFD technique on the ANSYS software for comparison of static torque generated by the wind turbine against wind flow for different angular positions of the turbine. Analyzing the gains obtained with the integration of the flow augmentation system proposed, achieving, this way, results regarding to cut in speed and overall efficiency of the shapes. Results show that the use of the convergent omnidirectional nozzle guide increased the overall static torque of all turbines, which would decrease the cut in speed, as well as its increased effectiveness on drag driven airfoils.

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Cho, Soo-Yong, Sang-Kyu Choi, Jin-Gyun Kim, and Chong-Hyun Cho. "An experimental study of the optimal design parameters of a wind power tower used to improve the performance of vertical axis wind turbines." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 2018): 168781401879954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018799543.

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In order to augment the performance of vertical axis wind turbines, wind power towers have been used because they increase the frontal area. Typically, the wind power tower is installed as a circular column around a vertical axis wind turbine because the vertical axis wind turbine should be operated in an omnidirectional wind. As a result, the performance of the vertical axis wind turbine depends on the design parameters of the wind power tower. An experimental study was conducted in a wind tunnel to investigate the optimal design parameters of the wind power tower. Three different sizes of guide walls were applied to test with various wind power tower design parameters. The tested vertical axis wind turbine consisted of three blades of the NACA0018 profile and its solidity was 0.5. In order to simulate the operation in omnidirectional winds, the wind power tower was fabricated to be rotated. The performance of the vertical axis wind turbine was severely varied depending on the azimuthal location of the wind power tower. Comparison of the performance of the vertical axis wind turbine was performed based on the power coefficient obtained by averaging for the one periodic azimuth angle. The optimal design parameters were estimated using the results obtained under equal experimental conditions. When the non-dimensional inner gap was 0.3, the performance of the vertical axis wind turbine was better than any other gaps.

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Sonune, Gaurav G., Chandani S. Bisen, Chhagendranath K. Nagmote, Akshay K. Dhongade, and Akshay B. Kathwate. "Fabrication of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41206.

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Abstract: Wind energy is one of the renewable energy sources and the trend is positive and increasing year by year. This technology is applied widely in several regions in the world and already has maturity in technology, good infrastructure, and relative cost competitiveness. The application of structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial especially to evaluate the performance of wind turbines in real-time assessment. One of the main advantages of this type of wind turbine is the fact that is the only one that was accepted by the environmental agencies because the special shape of the rotor doesn’t kill birds that fly in the area where these turbines are mounted. Keywords: Wind turbine, Green Energy, Energy Management, respect for the Environment, Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

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Al-Rawajfeh, Mohammad A., and Mohamed R. Gomaa. "Comparison between horizontal and vertical axis wind turbine." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v12.i1.pp13-23.

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Since ancient times, wind energy has been exploited in various fields, it was at the beginning used to rotate pumps for the purposes of agriculture and irrigation. At the beginning of the 18th century, wind turbines began to produce electricity with modest capacities. In the following years, the capacities of the turbines increased and it became necessary to deal with this increase by reducing losses and inventing new designs for turbines Suitable for working conditions and installation location. The rotor power coefficient in a wind turbine can reach 0.59 which is called the bets limit. The vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) design was invented for working conditions, capacities, and places, in which it may be difficult to install older Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). The efficiency of the HAWT is still higher than the VAWT, in addition, the amount of efficiency in the HAWT is greater than the VAWT by 25% but the VAWT has the amount of torque more than the HAWT. The main objective of this research is to compare the VAWT and the HAWT, taking into account several aspects which have been reviewed to try to understand the importance of the two designs.

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Zhao, Li Hua, Ming Liu, Tie Lv, and Xiao Qun Mei. "Numerical Simulation of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade Airfoil Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.173.

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Research of blade airfoil aerodynamic characteristics is an important foundation for the vertical axis wind turbine aerodynamic design and performance analysis. CFD simulation software has been applied in this paper. Representative lift-type vertical axis wind turbine airfoil NACA0014, NACA2414, NACA4414, NACA6414, NACA8414 's aerodynamic simulation have been studied. Camber airfoil relative with the change in to the flow velocity is analyzed. At different angles of attack effect on the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines, variation of parameters for airfoil aerodynamic had been analyzed. It will help the optimal design of airfoils for vertical axis wind turbines.

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Meena, Himanshu. "Design and Construction of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blades." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 2673–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44170.

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Abstract: This study aims to check the Vertical Axis Wind Turbines blades and their different types and their feasibility. Increase in energy demand results in need of clean energy like wind energy. This project is done to design and construct the vertical axis wind turbine blade for small scale usage. The vertical axis wind turbine is having axis of rotation vertically and that’s why yaw motor is eliminated. The demand of renwable energy sources is increasing day by day as the fossil fuel is limited and will end one day as well as it has adverse effect in environment and which leads to green house effect, etc

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Salem, Hayder, Adel Mohammedredha, and Abdullah Alawadhi. "High Power Output Augmented Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." Fluids 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8020070.

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Nowadays, wind energy is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly energies in high demand due to shortages in fossil fuels and the necessity to reduce global carbon footprint. One of the main goals of wind turbine development is to increase the power output of the turbine either by increasing the turbine blade swept area or increasing the velocity of the wind. In this article, a proprietary augmentation system was introduced to increase the power output of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) by increasing the free stream velocity to more than two folds. The system comprises two identical airfoiled casings within which the turbine/turbines are seated. The results showed that the velocity slightly increases when decreasing the gap between the casing. It was also found that changing the angle of attack of the housing has more impact on the augmented airspeed. CFD technique was used to assess the velocity and flow of air around the system.

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Casini, Marco. "Small Vertical Axis Wind Turbines for Energy Efficiency of Buildings." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 4, no. 1 (2015): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2016.v4.254.

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Buchner, Abel-John, Julio Soria, Damon Honnery, and Alexander J. Smits. "Dynamic stall in vertical axis wind turbines: scaling and topological considerations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 841 (February 27, 2018): 746–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.112.

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Vertical axis wind turbine blades are subject to rapid, cyclical variations in angle of attack and relative airspeed which can induce dynamic stall. This phenomenon poses an obstacle to the greater implementation of vertical axis wind turbines because dynamic stall can reduce turbine efficiency and induce structural vibrations and noise. This study seeks to provide a more comprehensive description of dynamic stall in vertical axis wind turbines, with an emphasis on understanding its parametric dependence and scaling behaviour. This problem is of practical relevance to vertical axis wind turbine design but the inherent coupling of the pitching and velocity scales in the blade kinematics makes this problem of more broad fundamental interest as well. Experiments are performed using particle image velocimetry in the vicinity of the blades of a straight-bladed gyromill-type vertical axis wind turbine at blade Reynolds numbers of between 50 000 and 140 000, tip speed ratios between $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=1$ to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=5$, and dimensionless pitch rates of $0.10\leqslant K_{c}\leqslant 0.20$. The effect of these factors on the evolution, strength and timing of vortex shedding from the turbine blades is determined. It is found that tip speed ratio alone is insufficient to describe the circulation production and vortex shedding behaviour from vertical axis wind turbine blades, and a scaling incorporating the dimensionless pitch rate is proposed.

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Cevasco, D., M. Collu, CM Rizzo, and M. Hall. "On mooring line tension and fatigue prediction for offshore vertical axis wind turbines: A comparison of lumped mass and quasi-static approaches." Wind Engineering 42, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x18756962.

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Despite several potential advantages, relatively few studies and design support tools have been developed for floating vertical axis wind turbines. Due to the substantial aerodynamics differences, the analyses of vertical axis wind turbine on floating structures cannot be easily extended from what have been already done for horizontal axis wind turbines. Therefore, the main aim of the present work is to compare the dynamic response of the floating offshore wind turbine system adopting two different mooring dynamics approaches. Two versions of the in-house aero-hydro-mooring coupled model of dynamics for floating vertical axis wind turbine (FloVAWT) have been used, employing a mooring quasi-static model, which solves the equations using an energetic approach, and a modified version of floating vertical axis wind turbine, which instead couples with the lumped mass mooring line model MoorDyn. The results, in terms of mooring line tension, fatigue and response in frequency have been obtained and analysed, based on a 5 MW Darrieus type rotor supported by the OC4-DeepCwind semisubmersible.

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Ning, Andrew. "Actuator cylinder theory for multiple vertical axis wind turbines." Wind Energy Science 1, no. 2 (December 16, 2016): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-1-327-2016.

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Abstract. Actuator cylinder theory is an effective approach for analyzing the aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbines at a conceptual design level. Existing actuator cylinder theory can analyze single turbines, but analysis of multiple turbines is often desirable because turbines may operate in near proximity within a wind farm. For vertical axis wind turbines, which tend to operate in closer proximity than do horizontal axis turbines, aerodynamic interactions may not be strictly confined to wake interactions. We modified actuator cylinder theory to permit the simultaneous solution of aerodynamic loading for any number of turbines. We also extended the theory to handle thrust coefficients outside of the momentum region and explicitly defined the additional terms needed for curved or swept blades. While the focus of this paper is a derivation of an extended methodology, an application of this theory was explored involving two turbines operating in close proximity. Comparisons were made against two-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations, across a full 360° of inflow, with excellent agreement. The counter-rotating turbines produced a 5–10 % increase in power across a wide range of inflow conditions. A second comparison was made to a three-dimensional RANS simulation with a different turbine under different conditions. While only one data point was available, the agreement was reasonable, with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predicting a 12 % power loss, as compared to a 15 % power loss for the actuator cylinder method. This extended theory appears promising for conceptual design studies of closely spaced vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs), but further development and validation is needed.

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Wang, Zhuoran, Gang Hu, Dongqin Zhang, Bubryur Kim, Feng Xu, and Yiqing Xiao. "Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Square Cylinder with Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines at Corners." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 3515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073515.

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A preliminary study is carried out to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of a square cylinder with Savonius wind turbines and to explain the reason why this kind of structure can suppress wind-induced vibrations. A series of computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed for the square cylinders with stationary and rotating wind turbines at the cylinder corners. The turbine orientation and the turbine rotation speed are two key factors that affect aerodynamic characteristics of the cylinder for the stationary and rotating turbine cases, respectively. The numerical simulation results show that the presence of either the stationary or rotating wind turbines has a significant effect on wind forces acting on the square cylinder. For the stationary wind turbine cases, the mean drag and fluctuating lift coefficients decrease by 37.7% and 90.7%, respectively, when the turbine orientation angle is 45°. For the rotating wind turbine cases, the mean drag and fluctuating lift coefficients decrease by 34.2% and 86.0%, respectively, when the rotation speed is 0.2 times of vortex shedding frequency. Wind turbines installed at the corners of the square cylinder not only enhance structural safety but also exploit wind energy simultaneously.

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Gerrie, Cameron, Sheikh Zahidul Islam, Sean Gerrie, Naomi Turner, and Taimoor Asim. "3D CFD Modelling of Performance of a Vertical Axis Turbine." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031144.

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Recently, wind turbine research has switched focus to vertical axis wind turbines due to the extensive research that has been performed on horizontal axis wind turbines and the potential of vertical axis wind turbines in built-up areas. This study aims to analyse the performance of a small-scale hybrid vertical axis wind turbine that can switch from functioning as a Darrieus (lift) turbine to a Savonius (drag) turbine by rotating the blades. The turbine was analysed using 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluent as the primary method, and the findings were verified using wind tunnel experiments. During the analysis, design parameters such as the blade length, diameter, and number of blades were varied to determine if the design had room for improvement. It was found that the current design of the turbine has an optimal efficiency of 12.5% in the Darrieus configuration, which was found to increase when the diameter or blade length was increased. The Savonius configuration was found to be more efficient at low tip-speed ratios (<0.14), and its efficiency could be increased by adding more blades. The experiments found similar trends to the simulations; however, the efficiencies obtained were on average a tenfold increase from the simulation. Implementing the changes that increased efficiency leads to an increased wake recovery distance, making it less suitable for use in a wind farm.

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Gribkov, S. V., and S. N. Chizhma. "Vertical-axis wind turbines. Design technique." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 689, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/689/1/012020.

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Iliev, R., and Ts Tsalov. "Investigation of the efficiency of VAWTs at different wind speeds." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1128, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1128/1/012011.

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Abstract This paper presents results from an experimental and numerical study of different lift-based and drag-based vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). One of the main disadvantages of vertical axis wind turbines is the low efficiency and inability to self-starting at low wind speeds. The task of the study is to determine an efficient geometry of the turbine runner, which can generate higher power at the lowest wind speeds. A comparison has been made of the cut-in speed, rated speed, efficiency, and the self-starting capabilities. This work proposes an aerodynamic scheme for wind turbine runners, which can operate relatively more efficiently at low and variable winds. The presented results favour the selection of a wind turbine for operation in conditions of weak and variable wind. The experiments were conducted in the Laboratory of Hydro Power and Hydraulic Turbomachinery (HEHT Lab) at the Technical University of Sofia.

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Maleki Dastjerdi, Sajad, Kobra Gharali, Armughan Al-Haq, and Jatin Nathwani. "Application of Simultaneous Symmetric and Cambered Airfoils in Novel Vertical Axis Wind Turbines." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 8011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178011.

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Two novel four-blade H-darrieus vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have been proposed for enhancing self-start capability and power production. The two different airfoil types for the turbines are assessed: a cambered S815 airfoil and a symmetric NACA0018 airfoil. For the first novel wind turbine configuration, the Non-Similar Airfoils 1 (NSA-1), two NACA0018 airfoils, and two S815 airfoils are opposite to each other. For the second novel configuration (NSA-2), each of the S815 airfoils is opposite to one NACA0018 airfoil. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, static and dynamic conditions are evaluated to establish self-starting ability and the power coefficient, respectively. Dynamic stall investigation of each blade of the turbines shows that NACA0018 under dynamic stall impacts the turbine’s performance and the onset of dynamic stall decreases the power coefficient of the turbine significantly. The results show that NSA-2 followed by NSA-1 has good potential to improve the self-starting ability (13.3%) compared to the turbine with symmetric airfoils called HT-NACA0018. In terms of self-starting ability, NSA-2 not only can perform in about 66.67% of 360° similar to the wind turbine with non-symmetric airfoils (named HT-S815) but the power coefficient of NSA-2 at the design tip speed ratio of 2.5 is also 4.5 times more than the power coefficient of HT-S815; the power coefficient difference between HT-NACA0018 and HT-S815 (=0.231) is decreased significantly when HT-S815 is replaced by NSA-2 (=0.076). These novel wind turbines are also simple.

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Brahimi, M. T., A. Allet, and I. Paraschivoiu. "Aerodynamic Analysis Models for Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2, no. 1 (1995): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x95000169.

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This work details the progress made in the development of aerodynamic models for studying Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT's) with particular emphasis on the prediction of aerodynamic loads and rotor performance as well as dynamic stall simulations. The paper describes current effort and some important findings using streamtube models, 3-D viscous model, stochastic wind model and numerical simulation of the flow around the turbine blades. Comparison of the analytical results with available experimental data have shown good agreement.

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Shoukat, Ahmad Adnan, Adnan Aslam Noon, Muhammad Anwar, Hafiz Waqar Ahmed, Talha Irfan Khan, Hasan Koten, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi, and Aamer Sharif. "Blades Optimization for Maximum Power Output of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.35530.

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Wind power is a significant and urging sustainable power source asset to petroleum derivatives. Wind machines, for example, H-Darrieus vertical pivot wind turbines (VAWTs) have increased much notoriety in research network throughout the most recent couple of decades because of their applications at destinations having moderately low wind speed. Be that as it may, it is noticed that such wind turbines have low effectiveness. The point of this examination is to plan rotor cutting edges which could create most extreme power yield and execution. Different plan factors, for instance, harmony length, pitch edge, rotor distance across, cutting edge length and pitch point are explored to upgrade the presentation of VAWT. Rotor cutting edges are manufactured using the NACA-0030 structure and tried in wind burrow office and contrast its outcomes and DSM 523 profile. Numerical simulations are performed to get best geometry and stream conduct for achieving greatest power. It is seen that for higher tip-speed-proportion (TSR), shorter harmony length and bigger distance across the rotor (i.e., lower robustness) yields higher effectiveness in NACA 0030. Nevertheless, for lower TSR, the more drawn out agreement length and slighter distance across rotor (i.e., higher strength) gives better implementation. The pitch point is - 2° for TSR = 3 and - 3° for TSR = 2.5. The most extreme power yield of the wind turbine is acquired for the sharp edge profile NACA 0030. Besides, instantaneous control coefficient, power coefficient (CP) is the greatest reason for azimuthal edge of 245° and least esteem for 180°.

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Shyu, Lih Shyng. "A Pilot Study of Vertical-Axis Turbine Wind Farm Layout Planning." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.395.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the parameters that affect the cost-effectiveness of wind farm land use and wind energy harvesting efficiency. The research team applies two reverse rotating vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) to explore how wind speed and various distances of wind turbines affect the operation efficiency of a prospective wind farm. A data acquisition system has been constructed to record the wind speed along with a variety of wind turbine output data in a wind tunnel test in order to identify the layout that help to achieve the best wind harvesting efficiency. The layout is then applied in the field test for further observation and data collection. The experiment results show 1) when two VAWTs are moved toward each other (from 300 cm to 180 cm), both turbines observe performance gain, and 2) when two VAWTs are set at a distance of 1.5 to 2.0 times the turbine diameter, the performance of both units increases by about 11% over the efficiency obtainable by their stand-alone counterpart.

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Goman, Oleg, Andrii Dreus, Anton Rozhkevych, and Krystyna Heti. "Aerodynamic improvement of Darrieus wind turbine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 897, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/897/1/012001.

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Abstract Until recently, vertical-axis wind turbines are less extensively developed in wind energetics. At the same time, there are a number of advantages in turbines of such type like their independence from the change of wind direction, lower levels of aerodynamic and infrasound noises, higher structural reliability (compared to horizontal engines), etc. With these advantages, vertical-axis wind turbines demonstrate promising capacities. Inter alia, the productiveness of such turbines can be refined through the aerodynamic improvement of the structure and comprehensive optimization of the rotor geometry. The main purpose of the presented paper is to aerodynamically improve vertical wind turbine in order to increase the efficiency of wind energy conversion into electricity. Within the framework of the classical theory of impulses, this article presents a study of the effect of variation in Reynolds number on the general energy characteristics of a vertical-axis wind turbine with two blades. The integral approach makes it possible to use a single-disk impulse model to determine the main specific indicators of the system. The power factor was calculated based on the obtained value of the shaft torque factor, which in turn was determined by numerically integrating the total torque generated by the wind turbine. To calculate the test problem, we used the classic NACA airfoils: 0012, 0015, 0018 and 0021. The proposed calculation algorithm makes it possible not to indicate the Reynolds number and corresponding aerodynamic coefficients at the beginning of the calculation, but to recalculate it depending on the relative speed, position of the airfoil and the linear speed of the airfoil around the circumference. Proposed modern design techniques can be helpful for optimization of vertical wind turbines.

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Uddin, Rahat, Abdullah Al Araf, Rezaul Khan, and Foysal Ahammed. "Smart Vertical Axis Highway Wind Turbine." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology Studies 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijeats.13/vol10n42036.

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Energy is an important aspect of our everyday life. The resources we use are limited whereas the population consuming the same is increasing day by day. Nowadays the requirement for electricity is much higher than its generation; hence the main objective of our work is to produce electricity at low cost with no effect on the environment. The objective of the work is to design a wind turbine to recapture wind energy from vehicles on the highway. A considerable amount of wind energy is produced due to the pressure difference created by the moving vehicles on the highways. This wind energy can be utilized for the generation of electrical energy with the help of vertical axis wind turbines. This work aims to extract this energy in the most efficient manner. A vertical axis wind turbine can be installed on the median of the roads so that the wind from both sides of the median will act tangentially in opposite directions on both sides of the turbine thereby increasing the effective wind speed acting on the turbine. This wind flow will depend on the velocity of the vehicle, size of the vehicle, and intensity of the traffic. Based on the studies made an optimal wind turbine design has to be made. The wind power harnessed through this method can be used for street lighting, traffic signal lighting, toll gates, etc.

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Altmimi, Amani I., Mustafa Alaskari, Oday Ibraheem Abdullah, Ahmed Alhamadani, and Jenan S. Sherza. "Design and Optimization of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines Using QBlade." Applied System Innovation 4, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4040074.

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Wind energy is considered one of the most important sources of renewable energy in the world, because it contributes to reducing the negative effects on the environment. The most important types of wind turbines are horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. This work presents the full details of design for vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and how to find the optimal values of necessary factors. Additionally, the results shed light on the efficiency and performance of the VAWT under different working conditions. It was taken into consideration the variety of surrounding environmental conditions (such as density and viscosity of fluid, number of elements of the blade, etc.) to simulate the working of vertical wind turbines under different working conditions. Furthermore, the effect of the design factors was investigated such as the number and size of the blades on the behavior and performance of VAWT. It was assumed that the vertical wind blade works in different sites of Iraq. QBlade software (Version 8) was used to achieve the calculations and optimization processes to obtain the optimal design of vertical axis wind turbines that is suitable for the promising sites. The results proved that accurate results can be obtained by using QBlade software.

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Brownstein, Ian D., Nathaniel J. Wei, and John O. Dabiri. "Aerodynamically Interacting Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines: Performance Enhancement and Three-Dimensional Flow." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 2724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142724.

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This study examined three-dimensional, volumetric mean velocity fields and corresponding performance measurements for an isolated vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) and for co- and counter-rotating pairs of VAWTs with varying incident wind direction and turbine spacings. The purpose was to identify turbine configurations and flow mechanisms that can improve the power densities of VAWT arrays in wind farms. All experiments were conducted at a Reynolds number of R e D = 7.3 × 10 4 . In the paired arrays, performance enhancement was observed for both the upstream and downstream turbines. Increases in downstream turbine performance correlate with bluff–body accelerations around the upstream turbine, which increase the incident freestream velocity on the downstream turbine in certain positions. Decreases in downstream turbine performance are determined by its position in the upstream turbine’s wake. Changes in upstream turbine performance are related to variations in the surrounding flow field due to the presence of the downstream rotor. For the most robust array configuration studied, an average 14% increase in array performance over approximately a 50° range of wind direction was observed. Additionally, three-dimensional vortex interactions behind pairs of VAWT were observed that can replenish momentum in the wake by advection rather than turbulent diffusion. These effects and their implications for wind-farm design are discussed.

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Lemu, Hirpa G., Radostina Petrova, and Assen Mihailov. "Study of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using Fluid Particle Trajectory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.618.

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Because of growing global concern for the increasing energy demand and the resulting environmental impact of fossil fuel based energy sources, renewable and environmental friendly energy sources are critically sought. Wind turbines are generally conceived as the key renewable energy sources, but more innovative solutions should augment the classical design and control of wind turbines in order to improve the energy conversion efficiency. For areas outside the integrated grid system and harsh operation conditions in particular vertical axis wind turbines show promising results. This turbine design is previously considered less efficient, and thus the performance has not been sufficiently documented. This paper attempts to contribute in better understanding of the wind flow around the rotor, and the way the rotor components react to the resulting pressure. The turbine is first modeled in 3D CAD system and simulated in a flow simulator in a virtual wind tunnel. Then the iso-lines of velocity and pressure distribution are plotted at selected sections of the turbine plane and the profiles are studied to characterize the fluctuations of the dynamic pressure and identify the vulnerable zone of the turbine blades and the structure.

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Khozyainov, B. P. "EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 22-24 (November 5, 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.22-24.051-058.

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The article carries out the experimental and analytical studies of three-blade wind power installation and gives the technique for measurements of angular rate of wind turbine rotation depending on the wind speeds, the rotating moment and its power. We have made the comparison of the calculation results according to the formulas offered with the indicators of the wind turbine tests executed in natural conditions. The tests were carried out at wind speeds from 0.709 m/s to 6.427 m/s. The wind power efficiency (WPE) for ideal traditional installation is known to be 0.45. According to the analytical calculations, wind power efficiency of the wind turbine with 3-bladed and 6 wind guide screens at wind speedsfrom 0.709 to 6.427 is equal to 0.317, and in the range of speed from 0.709 to 4.5 m/s – 0.351, but the experimental coefficient is much higher. The analysis of WPE variations shows that the work with the wind guide screens at insignificant average air flow velocity during the set period of time appears to be more effective, than the work without them. If the air flow velocity increases, the wind power efficiency gradually decreases. Such a good fit between experimental data and analytical calculations is confirmed by comparison of F-test design criterion with its tabular values. In the design of wind turbines, it allows determining the wind turbine power, setting the geometrical parameters and mass of all details for their efficient performance.

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Trifiananto, Muhammad, Irvan Septianto Putra, and Mochamad Edoward Ramadhan. "ANALISIS PERFORMA TURBIN ANGIN VAWT (VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE) TIPE HYBRID SAVONIUS DARRIEUS NACA 4712." ROTOR 15, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v15i1.29099.

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A wind turbine is a device that converts wind energy into mechanical energy to produce electric power. Wind turbines have a simple working principle, which is to convert wind energy into mechanical energy in the windmill, then the rotation of the turbine0makes the rotor on the generator rotate and generate electricity. There are 2 types of wind turbines: vertical axis wind turbine and horizontal axis wind turbine. This study aims to determine the performance of the medium-scale VAWT hybrid savonius darrieus NACA 4712 wind turbine. The hybrid wind turbine is a combination of savonius and darrieus wind turbines to increase efficiency by utilizing the drag of the savonius turbine and lift force from the darrieus wind turbine. This study used an experimental method. The fan is used to vary the wind speed. The wind speed used ranges from 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.1,7.2,7.3 m/s. This savonius darrieus hybrid wind turbine can produce efficiency of 0.037 at wind speed of 5 m/s with an initial torque of 0.088 N/m. The maximum rotation in this hybrid turbine study 118 Rpm was obtained at a wind speed of 7.3 m/s.

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Shishkin, Nikolai, and Roman Ilyin. "Vortex vertical axis wind turbines for autonomous power supply." Energy Safety and Energy Economy 1 (February 2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18635/2071-2219-2022-1-32-37.

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The paper gives an overview of vertical axis wind turbines. We have researched efficiency of a combined Darrieus and Savonius H-rotor with flaps having triangular parts. For the comparison, we consider vortex wind turbines with horizontal axis propeller rotors. It was proven that vertical axis wind turbines with combined rotors are more energy efficient based on experimentally found results. The proposed vortex wind turbines can be used for autonomous power supply, especially in remote areas.

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Du, Longhuan, Grant Ingram, and Robert G. Dominy. "A review of H-Darrieus wind turbine aerodynamic research." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 23-24 (November 15, 2019): 7590–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219885962.

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The H-Darrieus vertical axis turbine is one of the most promising wind energy converters for locations where there are rapid variations of wind direction, such as in the built environment. The most challenging considerations when employing one of these usually small machines are to ensure that they self-start and to maintain and improve their efficiency. However, due to the turbine's rotation about a vertical axis, the aerodynamics of the turbine are more complex than a comparable horizontal axis wind turbine and our knowledge and understanding of these turbines falls remains far from complete. This paper provides a detailed review of past and current studies of the H-Darrieus turbine from the perspective of design parameters including turbine solidity, blade profile, pitch angle, etc. and particular focus is put on the crucial challenge to design a turbine that will self-start. Moreover, this paper summarizes the main research approaches for studying the turbine in order to identify successes and promising areas for future study.

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Erfort, Gareth, Theodor W. von Backström, and Gerhard Venter. "Reduction in the torque ripple of a vertical axis wind turbine through foil pitching optimization." Wind Engineering 44, no. 2 (March 21, 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x19836711.

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Vertical axis wind turbines have a place in the small scale renewable energy market. They are not currently implemented on a commercial scale but have found a niche space in urban areas. Here, the turbulent wind conditions and limited space are more easily tapped into with a vertical axis wind turbine. However, the challenges facing these types of turbines have hampered deployment. One of these issues is the fluctuating torque experienced during operation, which can lead to over-designed power trains. Genetic- and gradient-based optimization is applied to an analytical model of a vertical axis wind turbine, in order to reduce the torque fluctuation while attempting to maintain a high power coefficient. The reduction in torque ripple is achieved through a sinusoidal pitching motion of the blades. The torque ripple can be reduced by 10% with a similar reduction in power coefficient.

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Rajput, Himanshu, Anil Gupta, Harihar Sah, Manoj Gattani, and Raj kumar Satankar. "Design and development of the divergent wind turbine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1084, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1084/1/012075.

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Abstract Wind energy is a prime source of renewable energy nowadays. Wind energy is converted to electrical energy with the help of wind turbines. There is various kind of wind turbines depending upon their axis and shape. The wind turbine which we have designed is a vertical axis helical wind turbine that is circular. Going from top to bottom, the diameter of the circular blades increases. The diameter at the top is the lowest and at the bottom it is maximum. Such a design is proposed to utilize the maximum wind pressure created by vehicles on road. Positive results have been received by testing the wind turbines on CFD simulation. Three different kinds of wind turbines have been tested under the same conditions on different parameters. Wind turbines having 4 blades have been compared with curved blade wind turbines with the respective amount of blades, and results are drawn.

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Li, Zheng, Ruihua Han, Peifeng Gao, and Caisheng Wang. "Analysis and implementation of a drag-type vertical-axis wind turbine for small distributed wind energy systems." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 168781401982570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019825709.

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This article investigates a drag-type vertical-axis wind turbine that is targeted for small-scale wind energy system applications. Based on aerodynamics models, the three-dimensional simulation studies have been carried out to obtain the force distributions along blades and eventually the torque and power coefficients for different vertical-axis wind turbine configurations. An optimal vertical-axis wind turbine configuration is chosen based on the comparative analysis, and a 2 kW prototype system has been implemented based on the design. The effectiveness of the three-dimensional models and simulation results has been verified by the measured data from the actual vertical-axis wind turbine system. The wake impacts to the vertical-axis wind turbine caused by nearby objects are also analyzed. The simulation results and the actual operation experiences show that the proposed system has the characteristics of low cut-in speed, high power density, and robustness to adjacent objects (such as buildings and other wind turbines), which make it suitable for small-scale wind energy systems in populated areas including urban environment.

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Branlard, Emmanuel, Ian Brownstein, Benjamin Strom, Jason Jonkman, Scott Dana, and Edward Ian Baring-Gould. "A multipurpose lifting-line flow solver for arbitrary wind energy concepts." Wind Energy Science 7, no. 2 (March 8, 2022): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-455-2022.

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Abstract. In this work, we extend the AeroDyn module of OpenFAST to support arbitrary collections of wings, rotors, and towers. The new standalone AeroDyn driver supports arbitrary motions of the lifting surfaces and complex turbulent inflows. Aerodynamics and inflow are assembled into one module that can be readily coupled with an elastic solver. We describe the features and updates necessary for the implementation of the new AeroDyn driver. We present different case studies of the driver to illustrate its application to concepts such as multirotors, kites, or vertical-axis wind turbines. We perform verification and validation of some of the new features using the following test cases: elliptical wings, horizontal-axis wind turbines, and 2D and 3D vertical-axis wind turbines. The wind turbine simulations are compared to existing tools and field measurements. We use this opportunity to describe some limitations of current models and to highlight areas that we think should be the focus of future research in wind turbine aerodynamics.

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MERAD, Asmae BOUANANI, and Mama BOUCHAOUR. "MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE BY QBLADE SOFTWARE." Algerian Journal of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development 2, no. 02 (December 15, 2020): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46657/ajresd.2020.2.2.11.

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The use of wind energy has no harmful effects on the environment. This makes it a clean energy that is a real alternative to the problem of nuclear waste management and greenhouse gas emissions. Vertical axis wind turbines have prospective advantages in the field of domestic applications, because they have proven effectual in urban areas where wind flow conditions are intermittent, omnidirectional, unsteady and turbulent. The wind cannot ensure a regular energy supply without optimising the aerodynamics of the blades. This article presents a reminder about wind energy and wind turbines, especially the VAWT type wind turbines and also gives a presentation on the aerodynamic side of VAWT by studying the geometry and aerodynamic characteristics of the blade profiles with the acting forces and also the explanation of the DMS multiple flow tube model. This work also gives the different simulation methods to optimize the behaviour of the blades from the selected NACA profiles; the analysis first goes through the design of the blades by the design and simulation software Qblade which is used to calculate also the forces on the blade and the coefficients of lift, drag and fineness. At the end of this article we have the DMS simulation of the VAWT turbines, by determining the power coefficient and the power collected by the turbine to select the wind turbine adapted to a well characterized site.

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Nemoto, Yasuyuki, Ayumu Anzai, and Izumi Ushiyama. "A Study of the Twisted Sweeney-Type Wind Turbine." Wind Engineering 27, no. 4 (August 2003): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952403322665280.

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The late professor Thomas E. Sweeney of Princeton University proposed the concept of vertical-axis wind turbines driven by drag/lift force in 1973. The authors fabricated Twisted-Sweeney type wind turbines, based on the Sweeney type wind turbine, to improve the performance and to enhance its external appearances. From experimental testing of this wind turbine in a wind tunnel, the following conclusions were deduced.

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Zheng, Li, Zhang Wenda, Han Ruihua, and Tian Yongsheng. "Design and Performance Analysis of Distributed Equal Angle Spiral Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." Recent Patents on Engineering 14, no. 1 (June 21, 2020): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872212113666191002150551.

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Background: The wind turbine is divided into a horizontal axis and a vertical axis depending on the relative positions of the rotating shaft and the ground. The advantage of the choke wind turbine is that the starting torque is large and the starting performance is good. The disadvantage is that the rotation resistance is large, the rotation speed is low, the asymmetric flow occurs when the wind wheel rotates, the lateral thrust is generated, and the wind energy utilization rate is lowered. How to improve the wind energy utilization rate of the resistance wind turbine is an important issue to be solved by the wind power technology. Objective: The nautilus isometric spiral wind turbines studied in this paper have been introduced and analyzed in detail, preparing for the further flow analysis and layout of wind turbines, improving the wind energy utilization rate of wind turbines, introducing patents of other structures and output characteristics of its generator set. Methods: Combined with the flow field analysis of ANSYS CFX software, the numerical simulation of the new wind turbine was carried out, and the aerodynamic performance of the new vertical axis wind turbine was analyzed. The mathematical model and control model of the generator were established by the maximum power control method, and the accuracy of the simulation results was verified by the measured data. Results: The basic parameters of the new wind turbine tip speed ratio, torque coefficient and wind energy utilization coefficient are analyzed. Changes in wind speed, pressure and eddy viscosity were investigated. Three-dimensional distribution results of wake parameters such as wind speed and pressure are obtained. By simulating the natural wind speed, the speed and output current of the generator during normal operation are obtained. Conclusion: By analyzing the wind performance and power generation characteristics of the new wind turbine, the feasibility of the new wind turbine is determined, which provides reference and reference for the optimal design and development of the wind turbine structure.

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Ottermo, F., S. Eriksson, and H. Bernhoff. "Parking Strategies for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines." ISRN Renewable Energy 2012 (November 14, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/904269.

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Strategies for parking a vertical axis wind turbine at storm load are considered. It is proposed that if a directly driven permanent magnet synchronous generator is used, an elegant choice is to short-circuit the generator at storm, since this makes the turbine efficiently damped. Nondamped braking is found to be especially problematic for the case of two blades where torsional oscillations may imply thrust force oscillations within a range of frequencies.

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Touryan, K. J., J. H. Strickland, and D. E. Berg. "Electric power from vertical-axis wind turbines." Journal of Propulsion and Power 3, no. 6 (November 1987): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23015.

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Rajagopalan, R. Ganesh, Ted L. Rickerl, and Paul C. Klimas. "Aerodynamic interference of vertical axis wind turbines." Journal of Propulsion and Power 6, no. 5 (September 1990): 645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23266.

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Hui, Iris, Bruce E. Cain, and John O. Dabiri. "Public receptiveness of vertical axis wind turbines." Energy Policy 112 (January 2018): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.10.028.

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Albuquerque, I. M., and F. F. S. Matos. "A Characterization of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines." IEEE Latin America Transactions 14, no. 10 (October 2016): 4255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2016.7786302.

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Ferreira, Carlos Simão, and Ben Geurts. "Aerofoil optimization for vertical-axis wind turbines." Wind Energy 18, no. 8 (May 26, 2014): 1371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1762.

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Micallef, Daniel. "Advancements in Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbines." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 5, 2023): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041602.

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Azadani, L. N. "Vertical axis wind turbines in cluster configurations." Ocean Engineering 272 (March 2023): 113855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113855.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vertical axis wind turbines'

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