Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vertical and horizontal surfaces

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Vertical and horizontal surfaces'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Vertical and horizontal surfaces"

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Pierce, Byron J., Ian P. Howard, and Catina Feresin. "Depth Interactions between Inclined and Slanted Surfaces in Vertical and Horizontal Orientations." Perception 27, no. 1 (January 1998): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p270087.

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Depth interactions between a frontal test surface and an adjacent induction surface were measured as a function of the type of disparity in the induction surface and of the vertical/horizontal orientation of the boundary between the surfaces. The types of disparity were 4° horizontal-shear disparity, 4° vertical-shear disparity, and 4° rotation disparity; 4% horizontal-size disparity, 4% vertical-size disparity, and 4% overall-size disparity. Depth contrast in a frontal surface was produced by surfaces containing horizontal-size disparity but not by those containing horizontal-shear disparity. Vertical-shear and vertical-size disparities produced induced effects in both the induction and the test surface, which is here explained in terms of deformation-disparity processing. Effects of rotation disparity on the test surface can be accounted for in terms of cyclovergence, deformation disparity, and perhaps also depth contrast. The fact that horizontal-size disparity produced more depth contrast than horizontal-shear disparity is due to an anisotropy of disparity processing rather than the relative orientation of the surfaces. Ground surfaces appeared more slanted than ceiling surfaces. Surfaces containing horizontal disparities produced a sharp boundary with the test surface because horizontal disparities are processed locally. Surfaces with vertical disparities produced a gradual boundary with the test surface because vertical disparities are processed over a wider area.
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Isik, Hakan. "Vertical and horizontal inversions by curved surfaces." Physics Teacher 51, no. 2 (February 2013): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4775537.

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Parton, A. D., M. F. Bradshaw, B. J. Rogers, and I. R. L. Davies. "The Effect of Surface Orientation on the Perception of Stereoscopic Corrugations." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96p0210.

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For most observers there is a pronounced orientational anisotropy in the perception of three-dimensional corrugated surfaces (Rogers and Graham, 1983 Science221 1409 – 1411; Bradshaw and Rogers, 1993 Perception22 Supplement, 117). Low-frequency corrugations which are oriented vertically have been found to have higher disparity modulation thresholds, the amount of perceived depth at suprathreshold levels is smaller, and typically they take longer to see than horizontally oriented corrugations. In the present experiments, the orientation of the corrugations was manipulated (from horizontal to vertical in 22.5 deg increments) to investigate the effect of surface orientation on both (i) a threshold detection task and (ii) a suprathreshold depth-matching task. The stimuli were 10 deg in diameter and were presented on two 12 inch monochrome monitors arranged to form a Wheatstone stereoscope. The surfaces were modulated in depth at four different corrugation frequencies (from 0.1 to 0.8 cycle deg−1 in octave steps). Thresholds were found to increase monotonically with increasing surface orientation from the horizontal: ∼2.5 arc s for horizontal corrugations to ∼10 arc s for vertical corrugations. The increase in thresholds was less marked for surfaces with higher corrugation frequencies. The rate of increase of threshold was greatest for surface orientations beyond 45°. A different pattern of results was found in the suprathreshold depth-matching task. Although the perceived depth in vertically oriented corrugations was significantly smaller (>50%) than for horizontally oriented corrugations, the largest amount of perceived depth was found for corrugated surfaces oriented at 45°. These results suggest that the disparity information used to process stereoscopic corrugations at threshold may be different from that used to process suprathreshold surfaces.
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Liu, Yuansong, Yunxiao Gao, Zhiming Yu, and Yang Zhang. "The Action Difference of Lasiodiplodia theobromae on Infecting and Dyeing Poplar Wood in Spatial Growth." Coatings 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080985.

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Many factors affect the driving force of fungal growth and secretion. To compare the differences of Lasiodiplodia theobromae infected poplar wood, the changes of physical and chemical properties of vertically and horizontally infected poplar wood before and after dyeing were analyzed, and the infection characteristics were studied in this paper. The horizontal infection was more effective than the vertical infection in terms of infection depth, color depth, and microscopic hyphal invasion. The mycelium first intruded into the earlywood tissue and began to secrete a large amount of pigment after twenty days. The crystallinity of mycelium decreased slightly, and the difference in weight loss rate was negligible. The initial contact angle of the dyed specimen on the horizontal infection increased drastically in distilled water, but there was almost no difference between varnish and natural coating. The horizontal infection was more efficient than the vertical infection and had a higher color depth and a better induction effect, which is crucial in future microbial dyeing.
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Rogers, B. J., and T. Ledgeway. "Scaling of Frontoparallel Surfaces by Vertical Disparities: Effects of Field Size, Location, and Eccentricity." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970045.

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Since the pattern of horizontal disparities created by a frontal surface depends on the distance of the surface from the observer, additional information about distance is needed in order to judge whether a surface lies in a frontal plane. Rogers and Bradshaw (1995 Perception24 155 – 179) showed that both vertical disparities and vergence angle can be used to scale the curvature of surfaces in a horizontal direction. In the present experiments, we measured the extent of frontal plane scaling as a function of the location and eccentricity of the vertical disparity information. Observers were presented with a series of random-textured stereoscopic surfaces with vertical disparity information appropriate for surfaces located at distances between 28 cm and infinity. The observer's task was to vary the pattern of horizontal disparities until the surface appeared to lie in a frontal plane. The stereoscopic images were masked to reveal either a circular, or an annular, or a rectangular patch with dimensions between 10 deg and 70 deg. Maximum scaling was found for the 70 deg diameter circular patch; it decreased by 50% when the patch was masked down to 20 deg in diameter. Scaling remained at over 80% when the central 60,deg of the display were masked. Scaling was reduced more when the horizontal width of the rectangle was made smaller than when the vertical height was made smaller. Vertical disparities are most effective for frontal plane scaling when they are present in more eccentric regions of the visual field, especially in a horizontal direction.
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Knott, N. A., A. J. Underwood, M. G. Chapman, and T. M. Glasby. "Growth of the encrusting sponge Tedania anhelans (Lieberkuhn) on vertical and on horizontal surfaces of temperate subtidal reefs." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 1 (2006): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05092.

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On subtidal reefs around Sydney (Australia), Tedania anhelans (Lieberkuhn, 1859)is a common encrusting sponge that occurs as frequently on vertical as on horizontal surfaces on most reefs, but covers more than twice the area on vertical surfaces of reefs. Faster growth, leading to the greater cover of the sponge on vertical surfaces, is a possible explanation for this difference. This was examined by experimental transplants to test the hypothesis that T. anhelans transplanted from vertical to horizontal surfaces grow more slowly than those on vertical surfaces. Over three months, T. anhelans transplanted to horizontal surfaces shrank, by 18 ± 18% and 17 ± 16% (mean ± s.e.) at two sites. Conversely, sponges on vertical surfaces grew rapidly, increasing by 40 ± 18% and 78 ± 19% at two sites. Potential artefacts owing to the experimental procedure of moving sponges between places were tested, but none was detected. These results indicated that orientation had a strong effect on the growth of T. anhelans and that growth has an important role in creating the pattern of its greater cover on vertical than on horizontal surfaces of temperate subtidal reefs.
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Marchal, Olivier. "Extratropical Rossby Waves in the Presence of Buoyancy Mixing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 2910–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4139.1.

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Abstract The propagation of Rossby waves on a midlatitude β plane is investigated in the presence of density diffusion with the aid of linear hydrostatic theory. The search for wave solutions in a vertically bounded medium subject to horizontal (vertical) diffusion leads to an eigenvalue problem of second (fourth) order. Exact solutions of the problem are obtained for uniform background stratification (N), and approximate solutions are constructed for variable N using the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method. Roots of the eigenvalue relations for free waves are found and discussed. The barotropic wave of adiabatic theory is also a solution of the eigenvalue problem as this is augmented with density diffusion in the horizontal or vertical direction. The barotropic wave is undamped as fluid parcels in the wave move only horizontally and are therefore insensitive to the vortex stretching induced by mixing. On the other hand, density diffusion modifies the properties of baroclinic waves of adiabatic theory. In the presence of horizontal diffusion the baroclinic modes are damped but their vertical structure remains unaltered. The ability of horizontal diffusion to damp baroclinic waves stems from its tendency to counteract the deformation of isopycnal surfaces caused by the passage of these waves. The damping rate increases (i) linearly with horizontal diffusivity and (ii) nonlinearly with horizontal wavenumber and mode number. In the presence of vertical diffusion the baroclinic waves suffer both damping and a change in vertical structure. In the long-wave limit the damping is critical (wave decay rate numerically equal to wave frequency) and increases as the square roots of vertical diffusivity and zonal wavenumber. Density diffusion in the horizontal or vertical direction reduces the amplitude of the phase speed of westward-propagating waves. Observational estimates of eddy diffusivities suggest that horizontal and vertical mixing strongly attenuates baroclinic waves in the ocean but that vertical mixing is too weak to notably modify the vertical structure of the gravest modes.
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Fan, Xiao Yi, Yao Xun Zeng, and Xiao Dong Duan. "Underlying Surface Influenced on the Landslide Runout." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.161.

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The landslide runouts not only were controlled by the volumes and vertical movement distances, but also the underlying surface played an important role. The concave, fold line, ladder and bedded types of the landslide underlying surfaces were studied. It aimed at analysis the underlying surfaces influenced on the runouts of the catastrophic landslides. There was significant correlation between the horizontal distances and the volumes, vertical distances in the seismic and rainfall landslides without river blocking. But the relationships showed different power laws in the seismic and rainfall landslides. The relative errors between actual and forecast values of seismic and rainfall landslides reflected that the underlying surface types influenced on the landslide horizontal movement distances. The results showed that the maximum horizontal distances of seismic and rainfall landslides could be predicted based on the landslides volumes, vertical distances and underlying surfaces.
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Knott, N. A., A. J. Underwood, M. G. Chapman, and T. M. Glasby. "Epibiota on vertical and on horizontal surfaces on natural reefs and on artificial structures." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 6 (November 23, 2004): 1117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404010550h.

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Subtidal assemblages of epibiota on vertical and on horizontal surfaces of two natural reefs and two concrete breakwalls were sampled photographically during autumn and winter of 1998. Differences in the assemblages on the two types of substrata (natural reefs and concrete breakwalls) were detected between assemblages on horizontal surfaces, but not on vertical surfaces. The covers of several individual taxa (e.g. Herdmania momus, serpulid polychaetes, coralline encrusting algae) and number of sponge taxa showed clear differences between the two types of substrata. There were great differences between the assemblages on vertical and horizontal surfaces on each natural reef and artificial structure. Invertebrates consistently covered a larger area on vertical than on horizontal surfaces with sponges (as a group) and the ascidian Herdmania momus, the dominant invertebrates on these reefs, clearly showing this pattern. Nevertheless, this pattern was complex for sponges because several species covered a larger area on horizontal than on vertical surfaces and there was no difference in the number of taxa of sponges between the two orientations on natural reefs. Algae, contrary to the results of previous studies, did not show any consistent differences in their covers on vertical or on horizontal surfaces. The results of this study indicated that orientation may be of greater influence on the biological diversity of epibiota on subtidal reefs than whether reefs are natural or artificial.
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Danner, Tobias, and Mette Rica Geiker. "Long-term Influence of Concrete Surface and Crack Orientation on Self-healing and Ingress in Cracks – Field Observations." Nordic Concrete Research 58, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2018-0001.

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Abstract This paper presents results from investigations on the long-term influence of concrete surface and crack orientation on ingress in cracks. Five reinforced concrete structures from Norway exposed to either de-icing salts or seawater have been investigated. Concrete cores were taken with and without cracks from surfaces with vertical and horizontal orientation. Carbonation in cracks was found on all de-iced structures, and a crack on a completely horizontal surface appeared to facilitate chloride ingress. Ingress of substances from seawater was found in all cracks from marine exposure. However, the impact of cracks on chloride ingress was unclear. Horizontal cracks on vertical surfaces appeared to facilitate self-healing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vertical and horizontal surfaces"

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Guenoden, Laura. "PM and material decay: analysis of dry depositions on horizontal and vertical surrogate surfaces through a Deposition Box system." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14469/.

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Airborne Particulate Matter (PM), can get removed from the atmosphere through wet and dry mechanisms, and physically/chemically interact with materials and induce premature decay. The effect of dry depositions is a complex issue, especially for outdoor materials, because of the difficulties to collect atmospheric deposits repeatable in terms of mass and homogeneously distributed on the entire investigated substrate. In this work, to overcome these problems by eliminating the variability induced by outdoor removal mechanisms (e.g. winds and rainfalls), a new sampling system called ‘Deposition Box’, was used for PM sampling. Four surrogate materials (Cellulose Acetate, Regenerated Cellulose, Cellulose Nitrate and Aluminum) with different surfaces features were exposed in the urban-marine site of Rimini (Italy), in vertical and horizontal orientations. Homogeneous and reproducible PM deposits were obtained and different analytical techniques (IC, AAS, TOC, VP-SEM-EDX, Vis-Spectrophotometry) were employed to characterize their mass, dimension and composition. Results allowed to discriminate the mechanisms responsible of the dry deposition of atmospheric particles on surfaces with different nature and orientation and to determine which chemical species, and in which amount, tend to preferentially deposit on them. This work demonstrated that “Deposition Box” can represent an affordable tool to study dry deposition fluxes on materials and results obtained will be fundamental in order to extend this kind of exposure to actual building and heritage materials, to investigate the PM contribution in their decay.
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Shi, Yan Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "A model for the (QUASI) steady flame spread on vertical and horizontal surface." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Safety Science, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41435.

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Initial fire spread is composed of the processes of ignition, flame spread, and burning rate. The effects of a material's thermal characteristics and burning behaviors on flame spread are important. However, many zone and field models of compartment fire can not predict spread on objects accurately enough due to the neglect of these behaviors in their fire growth sub-models. As a result, a model dedicated to the early stage of fire growth is needed to provide the accuracy necessary for competent assessment of the response of safety systems, as well as satisfying the requirement for a comprehensive risk assessment. This study is undertaken to investigate the use of formulations outlined by previous researchers by review of the theory of flame spread models. A computer model is proposed that can determine the impact of the material properties with emphasis on practical engineering analyses. Through this computer program, we can obtain the pyrolysis zone, the flame height, the burnout time, the burnout portion, the mass loss rate, total heat release rate, and mean flame velocity of a material at specific time. The effort in this study has been focused on developing a relatively simple model for fire spread on a vertically oriented material which contains the most common aspect of fire growth theory such as the transit burning rate, material properties, burner affection, flame spread rate and burnout. This study used Vc++ as a program development platform which has an easy to use interface and reasonable execution times. The model is a combination of two sub-models. One is to simulate the flame spread on horizontal surface. The other is to simulate it on a vertical surface. In two sub-models, the spread process model is two-dimensioned yet symmetric. By using empirical physical equations and correlations, this model predicted flame spread by solving a set of closed coupled correlations simultaneously. Each sub-model contains several functions: ignition, mass loss rate calculation, burning area and the surface temperature calculation. The results of this proposed computer model are compared with experimental studies involving a limited number of comparisons of experimental data for early stage vertical flame spread. The model calculations and experimental measurements of the mass loss rate, heat release rate, and radiation flux were found to be in good agreement. Recommendations are made for further development of the more complex initial stage fire growth model.
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Mojtahedi, Mahsa. "PATCHES OF LIGHT, A LUMINAIRE WITH USER ADJUSTABLE LIGHT DISTRIBUTION." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297955.

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This Master’s thesis is to delineate a luminaire design which has a flexible functional form, can be controlled by the user, and which creates multidirectional light distribution within an indoor space.  A lighting solution with varied light distributions can change a space’s different spatial experiences, granting a flexibility which is controlled by the user to direct light rays into walls, floors, ceilings or to create variations of these. A flexible luminaire in terms of light distribution allows, vertical and horizontal surfaces to be valued equally, because through a minimal intervention it is possible to shift the focus from one surface to another, providing a holistic interplay in space. The participants, who took part in the evaluation program of the final luminaire, freely introduced their possible activities in the predefined dining room, with different lighting proposals according to personal preferences of spatial experience. The designed luminaire was the only accessible tool to influence the space, and they managed to achieve their ideal atmospheres, and experiences, by the process of adjusting the luminaire with controlled light distribution. The varied results of the patterns of brightness and darkness on the vertical and horizontal surfaces in the predefined real space, prove the flexibility of the final design of the luminaire, MM Lamp. The luminaire fulfills the predefined design objectives of being user adjustable as well as creating varied light distribution.
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Goetz, Ryan P. Rosenblad Brent L. "Study of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method for characterization of deep soils in the Mississippi Embayment." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5334.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 22, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Brent L. Rosenblad. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hamdan, May. "Horizontal and Vertical Concept Transitions." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-82539.

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Suriamihardja, Dadang Ahmad. "2-D Horizontal and Vertical Nearshore Circulation." Kyoto University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/138428.

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Bryant, Scott William. "Horizontal justice as a prerequisite to vertical worship." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p006-1537.

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Proença, Ércio Roberto [UNESP]. "Concentração, integração horizontal e vertical das usinas canavieiras." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106157.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-10-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 proenca_er_dr_ilha.pdf: 1510196 bytes, checksum: f570ec9b6cba659c87e7286b7cd10c73 (MD5)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A forte expansão do setor canavieiro, a partir dos anos 2000, na mesorregião de Araçatuba deu origem a esse estudo, para analisar como está se dando este crescimento, procurou-se responder às questões: está acontecendo à integração vertical e horizontal? Está ocorrendo concentração do setor? Existem mudanças nos principais indicadores sociais e econômicos nos municípios? O estudo apresenta uma revisão da evolução do Proálcool, desde sua implantação até o processo de desregulamentação do setor; a Teoria da Organização Industrial e a Concentração. Nos resultados são apresentados: os 13 Grupos Canavieiros localizados na mesorregião de Araçatuba, sendo uma estrangeira, a indiana Shree Renuka Sugars e a Raízen com capital estrangeiro; os principais movimentos de fusões e aquisições do setor no Estado; os valores das Razões de Concentração dos Grupos/Usinas no total da indústria e dos índices do Hirschmann-Herfindahl (HH), e os impactos sócios econômicos nos municípios da mesorregião de Araçatuba. Os efeitos da expansão do setor canavieiro na mesorregião de Araçatuba indicam que: houve a integração horizontal e vertical; sendo apenas um Grupo com cinco unidades responsável por quase 50% da produção total de cana. Constatou-se concentração dos 3 maiores Grupos Canavieiros, o índice HH mostrou valores acima de 1000 indicando preocupação quanto à competição; e os indicadores socioeconômicos analisados nos municípios com a presença de usinas mostraram melhorias, muito embora não tenham revelado grandes avanços
The strong expansion of the sugarcane sector, from the 2000s, in the mesoregion of Araçatuba originated this study, to analyze how this growth is taking place; we tried to answer the questions: Is it happening vertical and horizontal integration? Is sugarcane industry concentration occurring? Are there changes in main social and economic indicators in the cities? The study presents a review of the Proálcool evolution, since its introduction to the process of deregulation; Theory of Industrial Organization and Concentration. In the results are presented: the 13 sugarcane groups located in the mesoregion of Araçatuba, being one foreigner, the Indian Shree Renuka Sugars and Raizen with foreign capital, major mergers and acquisitions in the sector in the State, the values of ratios concentration of Groups in total industry and Herfindahl-Hirschmann indexes (HH), and socioeconomic impacts in the cities of Araçatuba mesoregion. The effects of the sugarcane industry expansion in Araçatuba mesoregion indicate that: there was a horizontal and vertical integration; being just one group with five units accounted for almost 50% of total sugarcane production. It was observed concentration of the 3 major sugarcane groups, the HH index showed values above 1000 indicating concern about the competition, and socioeconomic indicators in the cities with the presence of sugarcane plants showed improvements, although they have not revealed major advances
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Proença, Ércio Roberto. "Concentração, integração horizontal e vertical das usinas canavieiras /." Ilha Solteira, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106157.

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Orientador: Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano
Banca: Rosalina Maria Alves Rapassi
Banca: Antonio Cesar Bolonhezi
Banca: Antonio Nivado Hespanhol
Banca: José Matheus Yalenti Perosa
Resumo: A forte expansão do setor canavieiro, a partir dos anos 2000, na mesorregião de Araçatuba deu origem a esse estudo, para analisar como está se dando este crescimento, procurou-se responder às questões: está acontecendo à integração vertical e horizontal? Está ocorrendo concentração do setor? Existem mudanças nos principais indicadores sociais e econômicos nos municípios? O estudo apresenta uma revisão da evolução do Proálcool, desde sua implantação até o processo de desregulamentação do setor; a Teoria da Organização Industrial e a Concentração. Nos resultados são apresentados: os 13 Grupos Canavieiros localizados na mesorregião de Araçatuba, sendo uma estrangeira, a indiana Shree Renuka Sugars e a Raízen com capital estrangeiro; os principais movimentos de fusões e aquisições do setor no Estado; os valores das Razões de Concentração dos Grupos/Usinas no total da indústria e dos índices do Hirschmann-Herfindahl (HH), e os impactos sócios econômicos nos municípios da mesorregião de Araçatuba. Os efeitos da expansão do setor canavieiro na mesorregião de Araçatuba indicam que: houve a integração horizontal e vertical; sendo apenas um Grupo com cinco unidades responsável por quase 50% da produção total de cana. Constatou-se concentração dos 3 maiores Grupos Canavieiros, o índice HH mostrou valores acima de 1000 indicando preocupação quanto à competição; e os indicadores socioeconômicos analisados nos municípios com a presença de usinas mostraram melhorias, muito embora não tenham revelado grandes avanços
Abstract: The strong expansion of the sugarcane sector, from the 2000s, in the mesoregion of Araçatuba originated this study, to analyze how this growth is taking place; we tried to answer the questions: Is it happening vertical and horizontal integration? Is sugarcane industry concentration occurring? Are there changes in main social and economic indicators in the cities? The study presents a review of the Proálcool evolution, since its introduction to the process of deregulation; Theory of Industrial Organization and Concentration. In the results are presented: the 13 sugarcane groups located in the mesoregion of Araçatuba, being one foreigner, the Indian Shree Renuka Sugars and Raizen with foreign capital, major mergers and acquisitions in the sector in the State, the values of ratios concentration of Groups in total industry and Herfindahl-Hirschmann indexes (HH), and socioeconomic impacts in the cities of Araçatuba mesoregion. The effects of the sugarcane industry expansion in Araçatuba mesoregion indicate that: there was a horizontal and vertical integration; being just one group with five units accounted for almost 50% of total sugarcane production. It was observed concentration of the 3 major sugarcane groups, the HH index showed values above 1000 indicating concern about the competition, and socioeconomic indicators in the cities with the presence of sugarcane plants showed improvements, although they have not revealed major advances
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Andrade, Pinelo Antonio Miguel. "Análisis vertical y horizontal de los estados financieros." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/609208.

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Books on the topic "Vertical and horizontal surfaces"

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Miller, John J. Non-zero offset vertical seismic profile data recorded using a downhole marine airgun source and vertical- and horizontal-component surface geophones: Edward J. Kubat Government #1 well, San Juan County, Utah. [Denver, Colo.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Horizontal surfaces. Toronto: BookThug, 2010.

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Horizontal and vertical drilling. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992.

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Kravchenko, Yuriy. Surveying. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/textbook_5900a29b032774.83960082.

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The contents of the book corre-sponds to the curriculum of surveying for building schools. Including historical and general information about on geodesy, the basic principles of treatment results of geodetic measurements, information about topographic maps and plans and solutions the problems with their use, description of instruments and methods of measurement of angles, distances and excesses on the earth surface, information about horizontal and vertical geo-detic networks, methods for creat-ing and processing survey geodes-ic networks, types and methods of survey, a description of the meth-ods removal projects in nature, description of the geodetic works in prospecting, designing and con-struction of objects capital con-struction.
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Fazano, Haroldo Guilherme Vieira. Da propriedade: Horizontal e vertical. Campinas, SP: CS Edições, 2003.

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Oyor, G. F. Vertical and horizontal family curses. Ibadan, Nigeria: God-Will-Do-It Publications, 1999.

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Woods, George Stephen. Vertical, near vertical and horizontal co-current multiphase flow. Belfast: Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, 1996.

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1973-, Michiels Stani, ed. Jakarta Megalopolis: Horizontal and vertical observations. Amsterdam: Valiz, Pub., 2007.

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Tooma, Michael. Due diligence: Horizontal and vertical consultation. Sydney, N.S.W: CCH Australia Limited, 2012.

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Oosthuizen, Patrick H., and Abdulrahim Y. Kalendar. Natural Convective Heat Transfer from Horizontal and Near Horizontal Surfaces. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78750-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vertical and horizontal surfaces"

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Némethi, András, and Ágnes Szilárd. "Vertical/Horizontal Monodromies." In Milnor Fiber Boundary of a Non-isolated Surface Singularity, 139–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23647-1_13.

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Somwanshi, Praveen, K. Muralidhar, and Sameer Khandekar. "Dropwise Condensation of Bismuth on Horizontal and Vertical Surfaces." In Mechanical Engineering Series, 283–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48461-3_10.

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Haines, A. John, Lada L. Dimitrova, Laura M. Wallace, and Charles A. Williams. "Introduction to the Vertical Derivatives of Horizontal Stress (VDoHS) Rates." In Enhanced Surface Imaging of Crustal Deformation, 9–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21578-5_2.

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Rockwell, D., M. Ozgoren, and N. Saelim. "Self-Excited Oscillations of Vertical and Horizontal Cylinders in Presence of a Free-Surface." In IUTAM Symposium on Integrated Modeling of Fully Coupled Fluid Structure Interactions Using Analysis, Computations and Experiments, 201–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0995-9_14.

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Tong, Lili, Aurélien Tabard, Sébastien George, and Audrey Serna. "Horizontal vs. Vertical: How the Orientation of a Large Interactive Surface Impacts Collaboration in Multi-surface Environments." In Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2017, 202–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67687-6_14.

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Miller, Bruce, Camilo Ordonez, and Jonathan E. Clark. "Examining the Effect of Rear Leg Specialization on Dynamic Climbing with SCARAB: A Dynamic Quadrupedal Robot for Locomotion on Vertical and Horizontal Surfaces." In Experimental Robotics, 113–26. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00065-7_9.

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Holmwood, John, and Alexander Stewart. "Vertical and Horizontal Fallacies." In Explanation and Social Theory, 42–62. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21627-7_4.

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Dewilde, Patrick. "Horizontal, Vertical, Especially Diagonal." In Communications, Computation, Control, and Signal Processing, 185–203. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6281-8_9.

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Holmwood, John, and Alexander Stewart. "Vertical and Horizontal Fallacies." In Explanation and Social Theory, 42–62. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13216-4_4.

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Duclos, Jean-Yves. "Horizontal and Vertical Equity." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1961-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vertical and horizontal surfaces"

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Liu, Jiaqi, Masoud Hayatdavoodi, and R. Cengiz Ertekin. "Bore Pressure on Horizontal and Vertical Surfaces." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96013.

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Abstract Bores generated by dam-break and initial mound of water and their propagation over horizontal and inclined surfaces are studied by use of theoretical approaches. Calculations are carried out in two and three dimensions and particular attention is given to the bore impact on horizontal and vertical surfaces. Downstream of the initial mound of water may be wet or dry. Discussion is provided on the influence of the downstream water on the bore behaviour and impact. Three methods are used in this study, namely the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), the Green-Naghdi (GN) equations and Saint Venant equations (SV). The governing equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions are solved with various numerical techniques. Results of these models are compared with each other, and with laboratory experiments when available. Discussion is given on the limitations and applicability of these models to study the bore generation, propagation and pressure on horizontal and vertical surfaces. It is found that the GN equations compare well with the RANS equations, while the SV equations have substantially simplified the solution.
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Pedersen, Esben Warming, and Kasper Hornbæk. "An experimental comparison of touch interaction on vertical and horizontal surfaces." In the 7th Nordic Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2399016.2399074.

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Momoki, Satoru, Takashi Yamada, Toru Shigechi, Kuniyasu Kanemaru, and Tomohiko Yamaguchi. "Film Boiling Around a Vertical Cylinder With Top and Bottom Horizontal Surfaces." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32733.

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Saturated and subcooled film boiling heat transfer around a vertical finite-length silver cylinder with top and bottom horizontal surfaces has been investigated, experimentally and analytically, in terms of cooling curve, and the correlations of heat transfer were proposed in the present paper. Pool film boiling experiments were carried out by quenching method. Cooling curves are obtained for saturated water at atmospheric pressure. The heated cylinder is made of silver and 18 kinds of cylinder are tested in the ranges of the diameter from 8 to 100 mm and the length from 8 to 160 mm. For subcooled water, the experiments were carried out in the similar method to the case of saturated water. The ranges of the diameter and length of the cylinder are 32 to 50 mm and 16 to 64 mm, respectively. The degree of liquid subcooling ranges from 2 to 30 K. In order to predict the film boiling characteristics, the overall heat transfer rate from a cylinder with finite length was modelled by taking into account each convective heat transfer on the bottom, side and top surfaces of the vertical cylinder. Present correlation equations for heat transfer and the lower limit of film boiling are good agreement with the experimental data for saturated and subcooled water. The values of wall heat flux and temperature at the lower limit of film boiling are obtained as the point where the cooling rate has a minimum value on the cooling curve. For the case of saturated water, wall temperature at the lower limit of film boiling is about 136 K and irrespective of the configuration of a cylinder. For subcooled water, the correlation is proposed for the effect of liquid subcooling on wall temperature at the lower limit of film boiling.
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Molina-Rueda, A., Y. Magallanes, J. A. Sanchez, and D. F. Enriquez. "Using heat maps for studying user preferences in vertical and horizontal multi-touch surfaces." In 2013 23rd International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computing (CONIELECOMP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conielecomp.2013.6525751.

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Oosthuizen, Patrick H. "A Numerical Study of the Natural Convective Heat Transfer From a Partially Covered Recessed Isothermal Vertical Surface." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80134.

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A numerical study of natural convective heat transfer from a heated isothermal vertical plane surface has been considered. There are relatively short horizontal adiabatic surfaces normal to the isothermal surface at the top and bottom of this isothermal surface these horizontal adiabatic wall surfaces then being joined to vertical adiabatic surfaces. There is a thin surface that offers no resistance to heat transfer that is parallel to the vertical isothermal surface and which partly covers this surface. The situation considered is a simplified model of a window, which is represented by the vertical isothermal wall section, that is recessed in a frame, which is represented by the horizontal adiabatic surfaces, which is mounted in a vertical wall, which is represented by the vertical adiabatic surfaces, and which is exposed to a large surrounding room. The window is covered by a partially open plane blind which is represented by the vertical thin surface that offers no resistance to heat transfer. The flow has been assumed to be laminar and two-dimensional. Fluid properties have been assumed constant except for the density change with temperature that gives rise to the buoyancy forces. The governing equations, written in dimensionless form, have been solved using a commercial finite-element based code. Results have only been obtained for a Prandtl number of 0.7.
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D'Alessandro, A., R. Martorana, P. Capizzi, and D. Luzio. "On the Stationarity of the Horizontal to Vertical Noise Spectral Ratio." In Near Surface Geoscience 2015 - 21st European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413749.

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Oosthuizen, Patrick H., and Jane T. Paul. "Free Convection in a Rectagular Enclosure With Three Heated Sections on the Lower Surface and Isothermal Side and Top Surfaces." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72120.

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The development of unsteady, three-dimensional free convective flow in a rectangular enclosure with multiple heated elements on the bottom horizontal surface has been numerically studied. The enclosure considered has rectangular horizontal lower and upper surfaces and rectangular vertical side surfaces. The horizontal width of enclosure is twice the vertical height of the enclosure while the longitudinal length of the enclosure is equal to the vertical height of the enclosure. There are three square symmetrically placed isothermal heated sections on the lower surface, the rest of this surface being adiabatic. The vertical side-walls and the horizontal rectangular upper surface of the enclosure are kept at a uniform low temperature. It has been assumed that the fluid properties are constant except for the density change with temperature which gives rise to the buoyancy forces, this having been treated by using the Boussinesq approach. The solution has been obtained by numerically solving the unsteady, three-dimensional governing equations written in dimensionless form, the solution being obtained in terms of the vorticity vector and vector potential functions. The solution has the following parameters: the Rayleigh number, Ra, the Prandtl number, Pr, the dimensionless size, wH, of the square heated sections and the dimensionless distance between the heated sections on the lower surface, wS. Results have only been obtained for a Prandtl number of 0.7. In a given geometrical situation it was found in all cases that a steady flow exists at low Rayleigh numbers, that an unsteady flow develops at higher Rayleigh numbers and that the flow then again becomes steady at still higher Rayleigh numbers. The conditions under which unsteady flow develops and ceases and the variation of mean Nusselt number with Rayleigh number have been explored.
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Mehta, Jeet S., and Satish G. Kandlikar. "Heat Transfer Enhancement During Pool Boiling of Water Over Horizontal and Vertical Tubes With Micro Structured Surfaces." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73175.

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Pool boiling is a stable and an efficient method for transferring large quantities of heat. This mode of heat transfer is used in a wide range of applications, including steam generation in boilers, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, cryogenic and many other industrial processes. It also holds promise for cooling of microelectronic devices, such as lasers, microprocessors and others. The objective of this work is to investigate the heat transfer augmentation due to an array of micro structured surfaces over a circular tube. The effects of horizontal and vertical orientation of the tubular test section on heat transfer enhancement are also studied. The bubble nucleation, growth and interactions over the micro structured surfaces are analyzed using high speed cameras to understand the bubble dynamics.
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Rodriguez-Cuenca, B., S. Garcia-Cortes, C. Ordonez, and M. C. Alonso. "A study of the roughness and curvature in 3D point clouds to extract vertical and horizontal surfaces." In IGARSS 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7326853.

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Chen, Dong-Fang, Da-Wei Tang, and Xue-Gong Hu. "Effect of Microgrooved Surface and Surface Orientation on Spray Cooling Heat Transfer." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10497.

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Experiments were performed to investigate the flow structure and boiling heat transfer characteristics of water spray cooling on flat and microgrooved surfaces using a high-speed camera and a microscope. The heaters were made of cooper, with surface size of 2.0cm×7.4cm. Three orientations of the heater surfaces were selected: horizontal upward-facing, vertical, and horizontal downward-facing. A full-cone spray nozzle was placed normal to these heated surfaces. The heat transfer was directly measured using thermocouples within the heater. The experimental results show the bubble’s growth, coalescence along/between microgrooves, and break-up as wall heat flux reaches some higher values. It was found that the heat transfer for microgrooved surface is generally higher than that of flat surface at a given flow rate with the same surface orientation. The thermal performance of vertical microgrooved surface was highest at low temperatures; the thermal performance of the horizontal upward-facing was highest at higher wall temperature. The heat transfer performance for the horizontal downward-facing microgrooved surface had the highest critical heat flux (CHF).
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Reports on the topic "Vertical and horizontal surfaces"

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Jones, Walter W. Calculating flame spread on horizontal and vertical surfaces. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5392.

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Zhang S. Y. Booster Horizontal and Vertical Aperture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132438.

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Galiani, Sebastian, Cheryl Long, Camila Navajas, and Gustavo Torrens. Horizontal and Vertical Conflict: Experimental Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21857.

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Hoffman, Lloyd. The Vertical is Not Yet Becoming the Horizontal. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441102.

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Birdsell, K. H., N. D. Roseberg, and K. M. Edlund. Performance of horizontal versus vertical vapor extraction wells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10159776.

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Grunsky, E. C., and R. J. McNeil. Geochemical landscapes: aspects of vertical and horizontal variation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/287959.

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Erik C. Westman. 24-CHANNEL GEOPHONE ARRAY FOR HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL BOREHOLES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838445.

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Westman, Erik C. 24-CHANNEL GEOPHONE ARRAY FOR HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL BOREHOLES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802176.

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Westman, Erik C. 24 CHANNEL GEOPHONE ARRAY FOR HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL BOREHOLES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802178.

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Westman, Erik C. 24-CHANNEL GEOPHONE ARRAY FOR HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL BOREHOLES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802179.

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