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Academic literature on the topic 'Verre – Détérioration – Effets de l'eau'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Verre – Détérioration – Effets de l'eau"
Galai, Leila. "Les mécanismes réactionnels régissant les interactions verre-fer en solution aqueuse." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS029.
Full textThe geological disposal of high-level waste (HLW) developed by ANDRA, in France, is based on a multi-layer concept. The vitrified radioactive waste is placed in a stainless-steel container itself placed in a carbon steel overpack and disposed in Callovo-Oxfordian (Cox) claystone. The proximity between iron, glass and groundwater should involve a chemical interaction between them which can impact the long-term behaviour of nuclear vitrified waste. Previous study on the glass-iron system in geological storage conditions have highlights the phenomenology linked to this interaction. Iron has been almost unanimously described as increasing the alteration of glass. However, in the experimental setups chosen, the simultaneous alteration of glass and iron makes it difficult to identify the mechanisms prevailing at the interface of each material. In this thesis, we have therefore chosen to decompose the real and complex Glass / Steel / Clay / Solution system into two model study systems in order to better characterize the different mechanisms at each interface. The first experiments were about the corrosion of iron powder in the presence of Si. These experiments have shown that an increase in [Si] promotes the formation of Fe silicates at the expense of Fe oxides, but without leading to an increase in the amount of corroded iron. Kinetic investigations revealed that a complex germination-growth mechanism is behind the formation of Fe silicates. A simplified kinetic model has also been proposed. Then, the experimental system has been complexified with iron corrosion experiments in the presence of CJ1 simple glass and ISG glass. These experiments have shown that the presence of iron certainly leads to the deterioration of the glass, but this increase is strongly limited by three main parameters : the glass composition, the iron flux associated with the corrosion kinetics of the metal and pH. The chosen simplification approach therefore made it possible to dissociate the effect of each parameter and to locate the effect of Si on the corrosion of iron, to dissociate the effect of iron from the effect of pH on alteration of the glass and above all to highlight the importance of parameters such as the iron flow and the initial composition of the glass on the effect that the iron will have on the deterioration of the glass
Cerdan, Florent. "Etude du vieillissement hydrique et des effets de couplages hygro-thermo-mécaniques sur le comportement d'une mousse polyuréthane renforcée par des fibres de verre au sein d'une membrane Mark III." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0028/document.
Full textThe insulation of containment membrane of liquid natural gas carrier using the MarkIII membrane system, consists of load-bearing system made of panels in glass fiber reinforced polyurethane foam. The membrane is designed to resist to mechanical and thermal service load cases. As stated by IGC code regulation, and more specifically in some critical safety scenario, it has to be demonstrated that the cargo containment system will keep its integrity and main functions when subjected to water leakage through the inner hull wall (ballast).The challenge of this study is to appreciate the behavior of the reinforced polyurethane foam in immersion, which could widen the understanding of both water diffusion mechanisms and the impact of water penetration on the properties of the material.The setting up of water sorption tests at ambient temperature, according to three conditioning "free", "blocked" and "coupled" has allowed to identify a swelling law, a loading law and a damage law.In "free" conditioning, the cellular structure and the orientation of glass fibers in XY planes induce an anisotropic hygro-mechanical coupling. The swelling of Z direction has an important impact on the water solubility levels.In "blocked" conditioning, the blocking of the displacement of the faces perpendicular to the Z direction induces an increase in the internal stress levels as a function of the progression of the penetration front. In "coupled" conditioning, the sequence of the water aging and the cryogenic aging causes several damages. The damage degree is proportional to the hygroscopic swelling level of the cellular structure.The impact of these different conditionings on the durability of the material mechanical properties has been evaluated
Haddi, Amine. "Approche physico-chimique et structurale des effets de l'irradiation sur la durabilité des verres." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0360.
Full textAlkali alumino-borosilicate glasses have been submitted to aqueous leaching tests alter being irradiated or not with low energy heavy ions. A series of physico-chemical or structural characterization techniques has been used to describe the evolution of both the morphology and the surface composition of simple glasses doped with one or several transition elements (Fe, Mo, Nd, Cs, Ce, Th) together with the kinetics of the elemental release in the leachates. In some cases, we have investigated using appropriate structural methods (XAFS) the modifications of the chemical environment of the dopants. We have can show that the dissolution rate of any alkali borosilicate glass is increased by a factor 2 to 4 when it has been first irradiated with low energy heavy ions. The ion irradiation mainly affects boron and sodium surface distributions. It leads to much more divided hydrated layer. It enhances the tendency for insoluble elements as Al and Fe to be surface enriched due to the increase of glass hydration. Then, ion irradiation seems to retained soluble elements as Mo in the hydrated layer especially when it is associated with iron
Barthélémy, Eric. "Interactions entre l'eau et le poly(chlorure de vinyle) chloré." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11015.
Full textLoqmane, Hicham. "Études des champs cinématique et thermique pour l’analyse des effets dissipatifs associés à l’endommagement sous des sollicitations statiques et dynamiques simples et multiaxiales des matériaux composites stratifiés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10095.
Full textIn this thesis the original approach for laminated composite materials (glass / epoxy) of developing experimental protocols adapted to test conventional fatigue and self-heating tests in multiaxial for three types of loading: traction, pure shear and combined tensile shear using Arcan mounting. This method has been adapted to rapid determination of damage threshold of laminate composites. These protocols allow to deal with local energy balance and are based on qualitative and quantitative image processing techniques. It combines two image processing techniques: Infrared thermography method and digital image correlation. The Infrared thermography method through 2D smoothing allowsstudying separately dissipative effects which are related to for fatigue damage of the structure and thermoelastic effects accompanying self-heating tests. While the digital image correlation gives access to kinematic fields and estimation of the strain energy locally into play on a loading cycle, and compare it to the energy dissipated. A qualitative study was made under tomography to characterize the mechanisms of damage during fatigue testing for the three types of stress
Alloteau, Fanny. "Contribution à la compréhension des mécanismes de l'altération atmosphérique des verres et étude d'un traitement de protection à base de sels de zinc." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEC004/document.
Full textIn the cultural heritage field, it is of major concern to develop new protective methods for ancient glass objects that decay under atmosphere. In this framework, two complementary research directions are undertaken. The first one aims to get a better understanding of the glass atmospheric alteration mechanisms at a small scale. The second one is focused on the potentiality of a zinc salt surface treatment. By the mean of accelerated ageing experiments (temperature and humidity control) of replica glasses (alkali silicates), untreated or zinc salts treated, the evolution of the glass surface and sub-surface with atmospheric alteration are evaluated at different scales (macro – nano). These surface modifications are compared to the properties of hydrated layers of ancient glass objects that have been altered over decades. The influence of the ageing temperature and the glass composition on the atmospheric alteration mechanisms are highlighted. In particular, these parameters affect the proportion of alkali elements that are retained into the hydrated layer, which would severely impact the glass chemical durability. Positive effect of a zinc salt treatment to reduce the replica glasses hydration kinetics is shown with ageing experiments at 80 °C or 40 °C, when the glass surfaces are not pre-altered before the deposit. The formation of thermally activated zinc species that react with the glass surface are put in evidence as well as their predominant role in the protection mechanisms. Therefore, a zinc salt treatment might be considered if a heating step of the glass object is accepted (around 60 °C). However, the treatment performances seem to be strongly dependent on the surface alteration degree before the deposit. This point is critical for the relevance of the treatment for the glass artwork conservation and should be investigated deeper. Others directions of research are arisen in this work and should be followed to propose new protective methods in the longer terms
Le, Saux Vincent. "Fatigue et vieillissement des élastomères en environnements marin et thermique : de la caractérisation accélérée au calcul de structure." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542506.
Full textJulienne, Fanon. "Fragmentation des plastiques : effet de l’environnement et de la nature du polymère sur la taille et la forme des fragments générés." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1033.
Full textPlastic wastes have been accumulating for several decades in the oceans where they break up into particles called microplastics when their size is less than 5 mm. These microplastics are found in all earth’s waters, in sediments and in many marine organisms. Their long-term physico-chemical fate and their possible fragmentation into nanoplastics are complex, still poorly documented and require laboratory studies.In order to understand the processes related to photodegradation and fragmentation of polymers, but also in order to understand the evolution of these fragments during irradiation, an accelerated aging protocol in abiotic conditions has been set up. The oxidation and fragmentation of two model polymers, low density polyethylene and polypropylene, were monitored using spectroscopic techniques (InfraRed, Raman), DSC, contact angles and microscopic technics (light microscopy, polarized light, SEM, AFM ...).This work has demonstrated a significant influence of the environment and the initial morphology of the polymers on their kinetics of aging and cracking mechanisms. This lead to significantly different distributions in numbers, sizes and shapes of the generated fragments. Moreover, after a long time of irradiaiton, other degradation products could be detected but the significant production of nanoplastics has not been demonstrated. The possibility of a size limit below which the fragmentation rate of plastics would strongly decrease should be considered
Tognevi, Amen. "Modélisation multi-échelle et simulation du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique du béton avec représentation explicite de la fissuration." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861173.
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