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1
Gupta, Aman Kumar, Ashish Chaudhary, Bipin Panthi, Avdhesh Kumar Chaudhary, Era Gautam, and Sirpat Badhai. "VERMICOMPOSTING." INWASCON Technology Magazine 4 (2022): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/itechmag.04.2022.29.30.
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Vermicomposting is a method of composting by using earthworms, in this process earthworms eat biodegradable wastes (Such as vegetables and fruits peels), and they break down these natural materials into organic fertilizer. Vermicompost is generally used for organic farming and also maintains the health of the soil. The amount of Nitrogen is more as compared to Phosphorus and Potash in vermicompost. Vermicompost doesn’t harmful to the soil and also helps in increasing the nutrient content of the soil. The life of earthworms is 4 - 8 years depending upon the species. The nutrients contents like Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, and Zinc are found in vermicompost. Endozoic earthworms are found in a deep layer of soil and they eat 90 % soil and 10 % organic matter. Epizoic earthworms are found on the surface ofthe soil and they eat 10 % soil and 90 % organic matter. Epizoic earthworms are famous for vermicomposting because they produce more vermicompost as compared to Endozoic earthworms. The weight of earthworms is between 0.5 to 0.6 g. one kg earthworm produces 0.8-7 kg vermicompost per day.
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Mohapatra, Pratisruti, Chiranjibee Pradhan, Master Soumya Kishore, Hitesh Kumar Das, and Gayatri Mohanty. "Evaluation of Automated Portable Vermicomposting Bin." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53670.
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Abstract: The gradual increase in world population and Intensive livestock production, all produce large amounts of organic waste. There is a serious disposal problem all over the world and it is a major cause of environmental pollution. An IoT based portable vermicomposting bin is a modern solution for efficient and convenient composting. This innovative approach utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to connect the vermicomposting bin to a network and unable real time monitoring and control of various parameters, such as temperature, moisture and pH level. The IoT based vermicomposting bin provide a user friendly and easy to operate level. The IoT based vermicomposting bin provides a user friendly and easy to operate interface making it accessible to a wider range of user, including those who are new to vermicomposting. With automated controls and real time monitoring, the IoT based vermicomposting bin can simplify the composting process and reduce waste, minimizing the environmental impact. It can also help reduce the need for chemical fertilizers, which can be harmful to the environment. The type of worm which is mostly used for vermicomposting is Red Wiggler (Eisenia Fetida). Overall, the IoT based vermicomposting bin is smart and efficient way to recycle organic waste and produce high- quality compost.
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Sahoo, Biswajit, Kaustav Mandal, Abhisek Panda, Bodhisatwa Sahu, Dr Satyananda Swain, and Prof Gayatri Mohanty. "Automated Vermicomposting Using Portable Bin." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 7293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53454.
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Abstract: An IoT based portable vermicomposting bin is a modern solution for efficient and convenient composting. This innovative approach utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to connect the vermicomposting bin to a network and unable real time monitoring and control of various parameters, such as temperature, moisture and pH level with automated controls and real time monitoring, the IoT based vermicomposting bin can simplify the composting process and reduce waste, minimizing the environmental impact. The type of worm which is mostly used for vermicomposting is Red Wiggler (Eisenia Fetida). Overall, the IoT based vermicomposting bin is smart and efficient way to recycle organic waste and produce highquality compost.
4
Banupriya, Dhandapani, Tabassum-Abbasi, Tasneem Abbasi, and Shahid Abbas Abbasi. "Rapid, Clean, and Sustainable Bioprocessing of Toxic Weeds into Benign Organic Fertilizer." Agriculture 12, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101511.
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A recent report in this journal from these authors, which shows that vermicomposting transforms a toxic weed such as lantana into a benign organic fertilizer, can be of practical utility only if processes can be developed for rapid, inexpensive, and sustainable vermicomposting of these weeds. This paper describes attempts leading to such a process for the vermicomposting of toxic and allelopathic weeds lantana (Lantana camara), parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus), and ipomoea (Ipomoea carnea). For it, the ‘high-rate vermicomposting’ concept was employed due to which the weeds could be used for vermicomposting directly in each case without the need for pre-composting or any other form of pretreatment. The manure worm Eisenia fetida, which had been cultured on cowdung as feed and habitat, was slow to adapt to the weed-feed but survived and then began to thrive, in all the three weeds, enabling the weeds’ sustained and efficient vermicomposting throughout the 16 month’s uninterrupted operation of the vermireactors. In all cases the extent of vermicast production per unit time showed a rising trend, indicating that the rate of vermicomposting was set to rise further with time. The vermicomposting was found to accompany a 50 ± 10% loss of organic carbon of each weed with a 50 ± 10% increase in the concentration of total nitrogen as also the weed’s additional mineralization. The combined effect was a significant lowering of the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and enrichment of all major, medium, and trace nutrients in the vermicomposts relative to their parent substrates. The findings establish that sustained, direct, and rapid transformation to organic fertilizers of even toxic and allelopathic weeds can be accomplished with the high-rate vermicomposting paradigm.
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Dume, Bayu, Aleš Hanč, Pavel Švehla, Abraham Chane, and Abebe Nigussie. "Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 8, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecas2021-10337.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions during the composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge under the effect of different proportions of straw pellets. Four treatments, including a control with three replicates, were designed to mix the initial sewage sludge with varying rates of pelletized wheat straw (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% (w/w)). Over a 60-day period, vermicomposting with Eisenia andrei treatments and composting were carried out. The results indicated that both composting and vermicomposting produce a significant (p < 0.001) amount of CO2 and CH4 emissions from all treatments. Vermicomposting significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 18%, 34%, and 38% and increased CO2 emissions by 75%, 64%, and 89% for the treatments containing 25%, 50%, and 75% straw pellets, respectively, compared to composting. However, CO2 emissions decreased and CH4 emissions increased during composting compared to vermicomposting. As a result of this finding, both composting and vermicomposting processes are recommended as an additive of pelletized wheat straw, depending on the target gas to be reduced.
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Dume, Bayu, Ales Hanc, Pavel Svehla, Pavel Míchal, Abraham Demelash Chane, and Abebe Nigussie. "Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions during the Composting and Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge under the Effect of Different Proportions of Straw Pellets." Atmosphere 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111380.
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Owing to rapid population growth, sewage sludge poses a serious environmental threat across the world. Composting and vermicomposting are biological technologies commonly used to stabilize sewage sludge. The objective of this study was to assess the carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions from sewage sludge composting and vermicomposting under the influence of different proportions of straw pellets. Four treatments were designed, by mixing the initial sewage sludge with varying ratio of pelletized wheat straw (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% (w/w)). The experiment was conducted for 60 days, and Eisenia andrei was used for vermicomposting. The results revealed that the mixing ratio influenced CO2 (F = 36.1, p = 0.000) and CH4 (F= 73.9, p = 0.000) emissions during composting and CO2 (F= 13.8, p = 0.000) and CH4 (F= 4.5, p= 0.004) vermicomposting. Vermicomposting significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 18–38%, while increasing CO2 emissions by 64–89%. The mixing agent (pelletized wheat straw) decreased CO2 emission by 60–70% and CH4 emission by 30–80% compared to control (0%). The mass balance indicated that 5.5–10.4% of carbon was loss during composting, while methane release accounted for 0.34–1.69%, and CO2 release accounted for 2.3–8.65%. However, vermicomposting lost 8.98–13.7% of its carbon, with a methane release of 0.1–0.6% and CO2 release of 5.0–11.6% of carbon. The carbon loss was 3.3–3.5% more under vermicomposting than composting. This study demonstrated that depending on the target gas to be reduced, composting and vermicomposting, as well as a mixing agent (pelletized wheat straw), could be an option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (i.e. CH4, CO2).
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Bansode, Ajay R. "REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL SEWAGE SLUDGE BY APPLICATION OF VERMICOMPOSTING." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 29, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem35076.
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India faces a significant challenge with the escalating production of industrial sewage sludge, which contains hazardous heavy metals and toxins, posing a serious environmental threat. Managing the disposal of such waste is increasingly difficult due to its resistance to degradation. This research explores the potential of vermicomposting as a sustainable solution for mitigating heavy metal contamination in sewage sludge. Vermicomposting harnesses earthworms to accelerate organic matter decomposition and immobilize heavy metals. The study investigates various vermicomposting parameters, such as worm species, moisture levels, pH, and NPK to optimize heavy metal removal. Furthermore, it assesses the quality of the resulting vermicompost, focusing on heavy metal concentrations and potential agricultural applications. The findings indicate that vermicomposting holds promise as an eco-friendly method for addressing heavy metal pollution in sewage sludge, offering opportunities for sustainable waste management and soil enhancement. Key Words: Industrial waste, Heavy Metals, Land applications, Vermicomposting Method, Chemical speciation, Characterization and speciations.
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Rosado, Daniela, Marcos Pérez-Losada, Manuel Aira, and Jorge Domínguez. "Bacterial Succession during Vermicomposting of Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata Link)." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010065.
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Vermicomposting is the process of organic waste degradation through interactions between earthworms and microbes. A variety of organic wastes can be vermicomposted, producing a nutrient-rich final product that can be used as a soil biofertilizer. Giving the prolific invasive nature of the Australian silver wattle Acacia dealbata Link in Europe, it is important to find alternatives for its sustainable use. However, optimization of vermicomposting needs further comprehension of the fundamental microbial processes. Here, we characterized bacterial succession during the vermicomposting of silver wattle during 56 days using the earthworm species Eisenia andrei. We observed significant differences in α- and β-diversity between fresh silver wattle (day 0) and days 14 and 28, while the bacterial community seemed more stable between days 28 and 56. Accordingly, during the first 28 days, a higher number of taxa experienced significant changes in relative abundance. A microbiome core composed of 10 amplicon sequence variants was identified during the vermicomposting of silver wattle (days 14 to 56). Finally, predicted functional profiles of genes involved in cellulose metabolism, nitrification, and salicylic acid also changed significantly during vermicomposting. This study, hence, provides detailed insights of the bacterial succession occurring during vermicomposting of the silver wattle and the characteristics of its final product as a sustainable plant biofertilizer.
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Nasiru, A., N. Ismail, and M. H. Ibrahim. "Vermicomposting: Tool for Sustainable Ruminant Manure Management." Journal of Waste Management 2013 (December 26, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/732759.
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Ruminants are important sources of meat and milk. Their production is associated with manure excretion. Estimates of over 3,900,000 million metric tonnes of manure are produced daily from ruminants worldwide. Storage and spread of this waste on land pose health risks and environmental problems. Efficient and sustainable way of handling ruminant manure is required. Composting and vermicomposting are considered two of the best techniques for solid biomass waste management. This paper presents vermicomposting as an effective tool for ruminant manure management. Vermicomposting is a mesophilic biooxidation and stabilisation process of organic materials that involves the joint action of earthworm and microorganism. Compared with composting, vermicomposting has higher rate of stabilisation and it is greatly modifying its physical and biochemical properties, with low C : N ratio and homogenous end product. It is also costeffective and ecofriendly waste management. Due to its innate biological, biochemical and physicochemical properties, vermicomposting can be used to promote sustainable ruminant manure management. Vermicomposts are excellent sources of biofertiliser and their addition improves the physiochemical and biological properties of agricultural soils. In addition, earthworms from the vermicomposting can be used as source of protein to fishes and monogastric animals. Vermicompost can also be used as raw materials for bioindustries.
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Amante, Guta. "Advancing Agricultural Sustainability: Vermicomposting as a Biochemical Pathway for Improved Soil Health and Climate Resilience." Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 4, no. 02 (April 18, 2024): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.006.
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This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of vermicomposting in sustainable agriculture, emphasizing its biochemical processes and impact on soil systems. Beginning with the concept, the document delves into the intricacies of the vermicomposting process, including the selection of suitable earthworm species for vermiculture. It further examines the biochemical transformations that occur during vermicomposting, such as the optimization of the carbon to nitrogen ratio, alterations in organic carbon content, and the modulation of soil pH and electrical conductivity. The accumulation of heavy metals and the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus are also discussed, alongside the process of humification. Subsequently, the profound effects of vermicompost on soil properties, highlighting its influence on physical characteristics, organic matter content, mineralization, and nutrient dynamics, as well as the enhancement of humus content was deeply reviewed. The document also investigates the implications of vermicomposting on plant growth and yield, providing insights into its potential to increase agricultural productivity. Additionally, the review addresses the impact of vermicomposting on greenhouse gas emissions, underscoring its significance in the context of climate-smart farming practices. Arising from detailed synthesis of the findings, vermicomposting is a pivotal component of climate-resilient agriculture, offering a pathway to healthier soil ecosystems and a sustainable future.
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Guimarães, Ricardo Neves, Virgínia Damin, Paulo Marçal Fernandes, Wilson Mozena Leandro, Aniela Pilar Campos De Melo, and Juliano Queiroz Santana Rosa. "Production of phosphate biofertilizer through composting and vermicomposting process." Comunicata Scientiae 8, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 432–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v8i3.1004.
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The production of organic mineral fertilizers enriched with natural phosphates may increase the solubility of phosphorus, minimizing the dependence of acidulated phosphate fertilizers. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the bioavailability of nutrients due to the incorporation of phosphate sources through vermicomposting and composting. It was used a completely randomized design in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with five replicates and four sources of P (1 - Ammonium single superphosphate, 2 - Itafós phosphate, 3 - Araxá phosphate and 4 - termophosphate) and three methods of phosphorus sources addition in the production of organo-mineral fertilizer process: 1 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the beginning of the vermicomposting process (VPB), 2 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the end of the vermicomposting process (VPE) and 3 - Compound, non-vermicomposting, produced with addition of the P sources at the beginning of the composting process (CP). The addition of Araxá or Itafós natural phosphate in composting or after vermicomposting process leads to the production of an organo-mineral fertilizer with good availability of nutrients, such as calcium and phosphorus.
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Shi, Yajing, Zhenyu Wang, and Yurong Wang. "Optimizing the amount of pig manure in the vermicomposting of spent mushroom (Lentinula) substrate." PeerJ 8 (December 18, 2020): e10584. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10584.
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Background The mushroom industry produces a large amount of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), which requires a large geographical footprint and causes pollution. Methods We sought to optimize the C:N ratio of the initial feedstock used in vermicomposting of SMS by adding pig manure additions. We applied five treatments to the initial feedstock (S0, S1, S2, S3, and S4) with different C:N ratio of approximately 35, 30, 25, 20, and 15, respectively. Results Our results showed that lignin and cellulose in SMS were degraded after 56 days vermicomposting, especially in S2 (77.05% and 45.29%, respectively) and S3 (65.05% and 48.37%, respectively) treatments. We observed the degradation of the fibrous structure in SMS using pig manure treatments after vermicomposting by microscope and scanning electron microscope. Cellulase and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were enhanced in pig manure treatments during vermicomposting, especially in the S2 and S3 treatments. The biomass of earthworms in the S2 treatments was at its highest level among all treatments at 28 to 56 days. The high level of PPO activity in the S2 treatment may protect cellulase and earthworms against the aromatic toxicity that is a byproduct of lignin degradation, particularly at 28 to 56 days of vermicomposting. Conclusively, it indicated that the C/N ratio of 25 in the S2 treatment was the optimal for SMS vermicomposting with the addition of pig manure. Our results provide a positive application for the recycling of both SMS and pig manure.
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Mokgophi, Mahlare Mapula, Alen Manyevere, Kingsley Kwabena Ayisi, and Lawrence Munjonji. "Characterisation of Chamaecytisus tagasaste, Moringa oleifera and Vachellia karroo Vermicomposts and Their Potential to Improve Soil Fertility." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 9305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229305.
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Poor soil fertility and land degradation limit crop production among smallholder farmers. The practice of agroforestry with leguminous trees has proven to be sustainable as it bolsters nutrient supply through nitrogen fixation and nutrient cycling. The beneficiation of agroforestry species could add even more value by using tree based waste materials as mulch or vermicomposting. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of vermicomposting on chemical and biological characteristics of three agroforestry species; Chamaecytisus tagasaste, Vachellia karroo and Moringa oleifera. Eisenia fetida earthworms were added to the leaves and small twigs of the three trees in worm composting bins. The worms were allowed to feed on the feedstocks for six weeks under laboratory conditions. The results showed that vermicomposting significantly enhanced macronutrient nutrient content in all the three feedstocks. The findings also showed that the quality of the vermicompost depends on the feedstock type. M. oleifera had the best quality vermicomposts with a significantly higher composition of macronutrients which ranged between 50 and 170% higher for Ca, K, Mg and P. Vermicomposting increased Mo while other micronutrients such as Zn, Mn, Fe and B significantly decreased with vermicomposting time. In addition, vermicomposting increased E. fetida reproduction with more than a 450% increase in earthworm numbers in all three feedstocks. In conclusion, vermicompost have potential to be used to improve soil fertility and thus reduce the use of synthetic fertilisers in crop production.
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Yang, Jun, Kui Huang, Lansheng Peng, Jianhui Li, and Aozhan Liu. "Fate of Functional Bacterial and Eukaryotic Community Regulated by Earthworms during Vermicomposting of Dewatered Sludge, Studies Based on the 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA Sequencing of Active Cells." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 9713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189713.
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DNA sequencing of active cells involved in vermicomposting can clarify the roles of earthworms in regulating functional microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of earthworms on functional microbial communities in sludge by comparing biodegradation treatments with and without earthworms. PCR and high throughput sequencing based on pretreatment of propidium monoazide (PMA) were used to detect the changes in active bacterial 16S rDNA and eukaryotic 18S rDNA during vermicomposting. The results showed that the nitrate in sludge vermicomposting and control were significantly different from day 10, with a more stable product at day 30 of vermicomposting. Compared with the control, the Shannon indexes of active bacteria and eukaryotes decreased by 1.9% and 31.1%, respectively, in sludge vermicompost. Moreover, Proteobacteria (36.2%), Actinobacteria (25.6%), and eukaryotic Cryptomycota (80.3%) were activated in the sludge vermicompost. In contrast, the control had Proteobacteria (44.8%), Bacteroidetes (14.2%), Cryptomycota (50.00%), and Arthropoda (36.59%). Network analysis showed that environmental factors had different correlations between active bacterial and eukaryotic community structures. This study suggests that earthworms can decrease the diversity of bacterial and eukaryotic communities, forming a specific-functional microbial community and thus accelerating organic matter decomposition during vermicomposting of dewatered sludge.
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Aitkulov, A. M., V. A. Nalivkina, I. N. Kruznov, and A. A. Baydosova. "Study of the characteristics of soil mixtures obtained by vermicomposting." Bulletin of the Karaganda University “Biology medicine geography Series” 11429, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2024bmg2/7-13.
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Vermicomposting is a sustainable and environmentally friendly element of organic waste management. Being a biological processing method involving a complex of soil organisms, vermicomposting requires the selection of conditions for the cultivation of transformer organisms, primarily dung worms (lat. Eisenia fetida). The duration and quality of the formation of the final product are influenced by the physicochemical conditions of worm cultivation, the composition of the starting material, methods of its placement, etc. We studied the influence of the composition of the substrate and the conditions of cultivation of Eisenia fetida on the characteristics of the resulting vermicompost in conditions of laboratory experiment. The biological characteristics of soil mixtures obtained by vermicomposting were studied, taking into account the physicochemical factors (humidity, pH, temperature) of their formation. It has been shown that the composition of the mixture significantly affects the characteristics of the vermicomposting process and the biological properties of the resulting product.
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Raza, Syed Turab, Jia Liang Tang, Zulfiqar Ali, Zhiyuan Yao, Hamidou Bah, Hassan Iqbal, and Xiao Ren. "Ammonia Volatilization and Greenhouse Gases Emissions during Vermicomposting with Animal Manures and Biochar to Enhance Sustainability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010178.
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There is a huge potential for nutrient recovery from organic waste materials for soil fertility restoration as well as negative environmental emission mitigation. Previous research has found vermicomposting the optimal choice for converting organic waste into beneficial organic fertilizer while reducing reactive N loss. However, a great deal of the processes of greenhouse gases (GHG) and ammonia volatilization during vermicomposting are not well-documented. A field vermicomposting experiment was conducted by deploying earthworms (Eisenia fetida) with three types of agricultural by-products—namely, cow manure (VCM), pig manure (VPM), and biochar (VBC)—and crop (maize) residues compared with traditional composting (COM) without earthworms in the Sichuan Basin, China. Results showed that vermicomposting caused a decrease in electrical conductivity (EC) and total organic carbon (TOC) while increasing total nitrogen (TN). The greatest TN increase was found with VCM. The cumulative NH3 volatilization in COM, VCM, VPM, and VBC during experimental duration was 9.00, 8.02, 15.16, and 8.91 kg N ha−1, respectively. The cumulative CO2 emissions in COM, VCM, VPM, and VBC were 2369, 2814, 3435, and 2984 (g·C·m−2), while for CH4, they were 0.36, 0.28, 4.07, and 0.19 (g·C·m−2) and, for N2O, they were 0.12, 0.06, 0.76, and 0.04 (g·N m−2), respectively. Lower emissions of N2O, CH4, and NH3 were observed in VBC. We concluded that earthworms, as ecological engineers, enhanced reactive nutrients and reduced ammonia volatilization during vermicomposting in our test system. Overall, vermicomposting is proposed as an eco-friendly, sustainable technique that helps to reduce environmental impacts and associated health risks.
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Mohapatra, Pratisruti. "Automated Vermicomposting using Portable Bin." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 7186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53391.
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Abstract: The gradual increase in world population and Intensive livestock production, all produce large amounts of organic waste. There is a serious disposal problem all over the world and it is a major cause of environmental pollution. An IoT based portable vermicomposting bin is a modern solution for efficient and convenient composting. This innovative approach utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to connect the vermicomposting bin to a network and unable real time monitoring and control of various parameters, such as temperature, moisture and pH level. The IoT based vermicomposting bin provide a user friendly and easy to operate level.
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Zaini, Mohd Saufi Md, and Wan Adri Syafi. "Recycling of Waste Tea Leaves via Vermicomposting Process and the Effect on Water Spinach Growth." Kemija u industriji 70, no. 7-8 (2021): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/kui.2020.065.
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Vermicomposting is a bio-composting process in which earthworms are used to enhance the conversion of organic waste to produce better end-product. This study was conducted to investigate the vermicomposting process via earthworm (Eisenia feotida) using waste tea leaves as feedstock and bedding material. The matured vermicompost was obtained after 10 weeks of vermicomposting process. The earthworm population and mass of bedding were monitored weekly. The condition of bedding material was analysed daily. During the vermicomposting process, the temperature increased within mesophilic phase between 23 °C and 28 °C. The pH of vermicompost ranged between 6.5 and 7.7. The matured vermicompost and commercial soil were compared for the plant growth trial for 3 weeks of the study. The results showed that the combination of matured waste tea leaves vermicompost and commercial soil generated the highest growth compared to the commercialised soil alone. This indicated that vermicompost contained rich nutrients that assisted the plant growth effectively.
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Fola, Mulugeta, and Genet Getachew. "Role of vermicomposting for smallholder farmers in wondo-genet woreda, Sidama region, Ethiopia: a success story." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v12i2.64091.
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Both organic and chemical fertilizers play a vital role in enhancing crop productivity and maintaining soil health. However, inflated prices of chemical fertilizers also reduced their rate of application, hence, reducing crop productivity in Ethiopia. Therefore, to sustain the productivity of lands and crops, there is an urgent need to promote the use of organic fertilizers. Vermicomposting is one method of preparing enriched compost with the use of earthworms. With the support of the second phase of the Agricultural Growth Program (AGP-II), the introduction and promotion of vermicomposting technology were conducted. However, the production status and role of vermicomposting for smallholder farmers in the area are unclear. Therefore documenting the achievement and progress of vermicomposting is necessary. Both primary and secondary data (2018-2021) were collected by using snowball sampling techniques. The descriptive statistics reveal that in addition to potato production, farmers are using vermicompost for chat, enset, coffee, forage and vegetable production. Accordingly, the production, utilization, and sale trend of vermicompost increased from 2018 to 2021. In addition, vermicomposting created an opportunity for farmers to participate in earthworms and vermicompost selling. Due to this, those who had vermicompost in their home garden do not use inorganic fertilizers for any crop production during the last four years. In addition, the average cultivated cropland coverage by vermicompost-based production also increased from 2018 to 2021. Its preparation procedure is also consistent with the manual provided to them. Therefore expanding vermicomposting technology in the area has the potential to enhance sustainable crop and land productivity. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 88-95, December 2022
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Raza, Syed Turab, Bo Zhu, Jia Liang Tang, Zulfiqar Ali, Raheel Anjum, Hamidou Bah, Hassan Iqbal, Xiao Ren, and Rida Ahmad. "Nutrients Recovery during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung, Pig Manure, and Biochar for Agricultural Sustainability with Gases Emissions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 8956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248956.
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An experimental vermicomposting system was established in purple soil present in Sichuan Basin, China. The purpose of vermicomposting (VC) was to recycle and manage organic waste materials; for instance, animal manure and crop residues are present in great quantity. A particular use of earthworms for VC is a valuable method for retrieving essential plant nutrients. Experimental vermicomposting followed by monitoring was conducted for two months in summer with an interval of fifteen days. Four treatments, COM (compost without earthworms), VCM (using cow manure), VPM (through pig manure), and VBC (using biochar), were applied with agricultural wastes such as rapeseed and wheat straw in combination with cow dung, pig manure, and biochar, respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically analyze and interpret the nutrient change among different treatments. Post hoc analysis was done using Tukey’s test. The experimental vermicomposting results revealed that VCM gives increased plant nutrients with a minimum C: N ratio (from 22.13 to 14.38) and a maximum increase in nitrogen concentrations (1.77 to 29.15 g kg−1). A significant decrease in ammonia volatilization was observed in the order VCM > VBC > VPM when compared to COM. It was experimentally established that vermicomposting is the most suitable method for converting organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer with the least environmental pollution load.
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Li, Zijun, Chen Chen, Keqiang Zhang, Zulin Zhang, Ran Zhao, Bingjun Han, Fengxia Yang, and Yongzhen Ding. "Response of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Related Microorganisms to Arsenic during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 14475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114475.
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Antibiotic resistance pollution in livestock manure is a persistent issue that has drawn public attention. Vermicomposting is an ecofriendly biological process that can render livestock manure harmless and resourceful. However, little is known about the impact of vermicomposting on antibiotic resistance in livestock manure under stress caused by potentially toxic arsenic levels. Herein, lab-scale vermicomposting was performed to comprehensively evaluate the shift in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and related microorganisms in fresh earthworm casts as well as vermicompost product health (i.e., nutrient availability and enzyme activity) when they were fed on arsenic-contaminated cow manure. The results showed that the earthworms’ interaction with cow dung led to a significant reduction in ARG concentrations, especially for tetracycline ARGs (tet-ARGs), β-lactam ARGs (bla-ARGs), and quinolone ARGs (qnr-ARGs). However, arsenic significantly enhanced ARG accumulation in earthworm casts in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, vermicomposting increased the percentage of Bacteroidota in the converted products. Furthermore, arsenic exposure at low concentrations promoted the proliferation of Proteobacteria, whereas high concentrations had little effect on Proteobacteria. Our study provides valuable insight into the changes in the antibiotic resistome and related microorganisms during vermicomposting of arsenic-amended cow manure, and it is crucial to explain the environmental impact of earthworms and improve our understanding of the reciprocal benefits of soil invertebrates.
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Shanthi, N. R., R. V. Bhoyar, and A. D. Bhide. "Vermicomposting of Vegetable Waste." Compost Science & Utilization 1, no. 4 (September 1993): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.1993.10757900.
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Hand, P., W. A. Hayes, J. C. Frankland, and J. E. Satchell. "Vermicomposting of cow slurry." Pedobiologia 31, no. 3-4 (May 1988): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-4056(23)02261-8.
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Hossen, MS, MRI Khan, MAK Azad, MA Hashem, MKJ Bhuiyan, and MM Rahman. "Effects of moisture content on the quality of vermicompost produced from cattle manure." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 51, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v51i2.60493.
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This research aimed to evaluate the quality of vermicompost produced from cattle manure at different levels of moisture content. For this purpose, cattle manure containing different moisture content such as 60% moisture (T1), 70% moisture (T2) and 80% moisture (T3) treatments were adopted with 3 replications. A total of 9 vermicomposting pits were filled with 25 kg of cattle manure, each having the same amount of red worms. Parameters studied were dry matter (DM), crude fibre (CF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash and pH. Results showed that 63% DM was increased in T2 and this value was significantly higher than T1 and T3 (p> 0.05). The rate of CF degradation was 46, 78 and 72% in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The CF degradation was also significantly higher in T2 compared to the other two treatments (p> 0.05). In the case of CP, a slightly higher CP was found in T2 followed by T1 and a little bit lower in T3 after 60 days of vermicomposting period. The EE content was slightly higher in all 3 treatments after 60 days of vermicomposting, but this difference was not significantly different among the treatments. The ash content was slightly higher in all 3 treatments after 60 days of vermicomposting, but this difference was also not significantly varied. The pH was significantly differed with the 3 treatments after 60 days of vermicomposting. From the above results, it was revealed that T2 would be the suitable level of moisture for CF degradation and increased CP content in the final vermicompost. Therefore, it might be concluded that cattle manure containing 70% initial moisture would be a good option for vermicomposting. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science. 2022. 51 (2): 40-46
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Kureljušić, Jasna M., Slavica M. Vesković Vesković Moračanin, Dragutin A. Đukić, Leka Mandić, Vesna Đurović, Branislav I. Kureljušić, and Marina T. Stojanova. "Comparative Study of Vermicomposting: Apple Pomace Alone and in Combination with Wheat Straw and Manure." Agronomy 14, no. 6 (May 31, 2024): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061189.
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Considering the sporadic number of scientific studies on vermicomposting apple pomace waste, this research conducts a comparative analysis of vermicomposting processes using Eisenia fetida, focusing on apple pomace both independently and in combination with wheat straw and/or manure (experiment 1: 60% apple pomace and 40% cattle manure; experiment 2: 60% wheat straw and 40% cattle manure; experiment 3: 80% apple pomace, 10% wheat straw, and 10% cattle manure; and experiment 4: 100% apple pomace). After a 240-day substrate transformation period, all four variations of vermicompost produced demonstrated favorable sensory properties, along with high microbiological and physicochemical quality. Throughout the vermicomposting process, the pH of all vermicomposting mixtures changed, converging towards approximately neutral values by the process’s conclusion. There was an increase in dry matter content, as well as total N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, along with organic matter. Notably, the levels of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) in both the vermicomposting materials and resulting vermicomposts remained significantly below the maximum permissible levels stipulated by Republic of Serbia and European Union legislation, which is directly linked to the ecological origin of the raw materials used. The microbiological quality of the final vermicomposts was deemed satisfactory. Over time, there was a decrease in the counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria as well as Escherichia coli. The counts of sulfite-reducing clostridia in all substrates remained below 102 CFU/g, while Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in either the composting materials or the resulting composts. The vermiculture of apple pulp exhibited advantageous characteristics, notably a shortened vermicomposting period (150 days) compared to other agricultural waste. This reduction in processing time contributes an additional layer of advantage to the overall quality and efficiency of the resulting vermicompost.
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Nagar, Ritu, Anurag Titov, and Praveesh Bhati. "DIVERGENCE IN THE VERMICOMPOSTING OF GREEN AND SENESCENCE BLACK PLUM (SYZYGIUM CUMINI) LEAF LITTERS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i6.2019.737.
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In the present scenario, generation of organic solid waste is foremost trouble demands healthy and sustainable elucidation. Vermicomposting is an appropriate biotechnological approach to transform organic solid waste into valuable product. Vermicomposting process is carried out by suitable exotic verities of earthworm. These Earthworms utilize semi digested organic waste include carbohydrate and protein as a source of food and produces vermicast which is rich in nutrients. Because more than 40 % part of city waste composed of plant materials therefore it can be a better utilizes in vermicomposting process. In the present experiment, plant material viz. Green leaf litters (GLL) and senescence leaf litter (SLL) of Black plum (Syzygium cumini) was taken and converted into vermicompost through Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia. Result revealed that vermicomposting mixture of both GLL and SLL showed similar trend in pH and temperature variation. The result of moisture contained revealed that SLL required more water to maintain adequate moisture than GLL. Total nitrogen content and total organic carbon were found more in GLL than SLL.
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Wu, Zexuan, Bangyi Yin, Xu Song, Jiangping Qiu, Linkui Cao, and Qi Zhao. "Effects of Salinity on Earthworms and the Product During Vermicomposting of Kitchen Wastes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 4737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234737.
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Population growth and social changes have recently contributed to an exaggerated increase in kitchen wastes in China. Vermicomposting has recently been recognized as an effective and eco-friendly method of organic waste treatment through the combination of earthworms and microbes. However, the influence of salt in kitchen wastes on vermicomposting have been unknown. The goal of this study was to analyze the influence of different salinities on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and the products during the vermicomposting of kitchen wastes. In our research, kitchen wastes were divided into four different salinities: 0% (A), 0.1% (B), 0.2% (C) and 0.3% (D). The chemical characters of substrates and earthworm growth were measured on the 14th day and the 28th day of composting. Our results show that the high salinity (measured >0.2%) prevented earthworms from properly growing and had negative effects on quality of products in composting. T2 (measured salinity = 0.2%) had the highest average body weight, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus. Thus, the salinity of kitchen wastes should be pretreated to less than 0.2% before vermicomposting.
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Garczyńska, Mariola, Grzegorz Pączka, Agnieszka Podolak, Anna Mazur-Pączka, Renata Szura, Kevin R. Butt, and Joanna Kostecka. "Effects of Owinema Bio-Preparation on Vermicomposting in Earthworm Ecological Boxes." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020456.
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This paper describes vermicomposting of kitchen organic waste with the use of Eisenia fetida earthworms in an ecological box. To control excessively proliferated Sciaridae in the box medium, an Owinema bio-preparation, which contains larvae of the nematode Steinernema feltiae, was used. The effect of this bioinsecticide on the earthworm population during vermicomposting of organic waste was assessed. It was found that the applied bio-preparation effectively limited the population of sciarids and also had a positive effect on the development of the earthworm population (it caused a significant increase in the number and biomass of mature and immature forms and cocoons produced (p < 0.05)). The Owinema preparation also had a positive effect on the rate of organic waste vermicomposting.
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Roy, Gourab, Wasim Iftikar, and G. N. Chattopadhyay. "Effect of Moisture Status on Vermicomposting of Organic Waste Amended Fly Ash." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.401.
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Vermicomposting of organic waste amended fly ash has lately emerged as an effective biotechnology for degrading this waste material as source of plant nutrients. Present study attempted to determine the optimum moisture status for such bio-conversion. Vermicomposting of organic waste mixed fly ash under different moisture regimes showed improvement in microbial activity well as different indicators of composting with increase in moisture status of the substrate up to 50-55% moisture content. This was closely followed by 40-45% moisture range. The quality of the product, as assessed by availability of three major plant nutrients, was also found to be superior under these moisture regimes. Maintenance of 40-55% moisture range for facilitating optimum vermicomposting of organic waste amended fly ash has been suggested.
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Kurovsky, A., E. Kornievskaya, Ya Gummer, A. Babenko, and M. Saratchandra Babu. "The balance of nitrogen forms and number of microorganisms of the nitrogen cycle in vermicomposts based on leaf litter and cow manure." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 935, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/935/1/012002.
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Abstract The processes of nitrogen transformation in the vermiculture system by Eisenia fetida using cow manure and leaf litter (poplar with small birch addition) have been investigated. Vermicomposting was carried out for five months in half-cubic meter wooden containers. The Kjeldahl method and potentiometry determined the total nitrogen, NH4 + and NO3- content in vermicompost. The total nitrogen content in cow manure was 1.83%, in leaf litter - 0.73%. The nitrate and ammonium content in non-composted leaf litter was 351 and 7.3 mEq/kg of dry matter, respectively. The nitrate and ammonium content in non-composted cow manure was 18.2 and 22 mEq/kg, respectively. Both investigated substrates of vermicomposting did not influence total nitrogen content. In cow manure-based vermicomposting system, the ammonium amount decreased by 5.3 times, while the concentration of nitrates increased by 6.5 times. In the leaf litter-based vermicomposting system, the ammonium amount increased by 2.9 times, and the amount of the nitrate increased by 1.6 times. The Azotobacter bacteria actual activity in both vermicomposts was close to 100%. The sum of nitrogen cycle microorganisms in manure vermicompost was 2.4 times higher than in leaf litter vermicompost.
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Domínguez, Jorge, María Gómez-Brandón, Hugo Martínez-Cordeiro, and Marta Lores. "Bioconversion of Scotch broom into a high-quality organic fertiliser: Vermicomposting as a sustainable option." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 11 (September 10, 2018): 1092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18797176.
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Wild Scotch broom ( Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) shrubs are widely distributed throughout the world and, in some countries, are considered to be a threat to other plant species. The use of plant biomass from Scotch broom as a fertiliser seems to be the optimum solution for its disposal because it contains considerable amounts of macronutrients. However, its direct application to soils may cause phytotoxicity due to the release of polyphenols, which could negatively affect crop growth. This study evaluated the efficiency of vermicomposting in processing this leguminous plant on an industrial scale. Vermicomposting substantially reduced the biomass of Scotch broom (by 84%), mainly as a result of the loss of volatile solids. Simultaneously, the initial population of earthworms ( Eisenia andrei) increased remarkably throughout the process, offering the possibility of obtaining earthworm protein for animal feed. A nutrient-rich and stabilised peat-like material without polyphenol-associated phytotoxicity was obtained after 42 days of vermicomposting. Lower values of microbial biomass and activity, indicative of stabilised materials, were recorded at the end of the trial. These findings suggest that vermicomposting is an environmentally sound management system for Scotch broom and could easily be scaled up for industrial application.
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Wu, Zexuan, Bangyi Yin, Xu Song, and Qi Zhao. "Effects of different lipid contents on growth of earthworms and the products during vermicomposting." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 9 (July 21, 2019): 934–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19861683.
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In China, the production of kitchen waste was more than 97 million tons per year in 2016. The high lipid content of kitchen waste makes it hard to degrade. Vermicomposting is a kind of low-cost biotechnology through the combination of earthworms and microbes, which could be considered in converting kitchen waste to valuable products. However, the effect of the lipid in kitchen waste on earthworms and composting is not known yet. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of lipid on vermicomposting and to derive the most suitable lipid content in vermicomposting. In our study, kitchen waste with four different lipid contents was prepared: 0% (A), 5% (B), 10% (C) and 15% (D). The earthworm growth and chemical characters of substrates were measured at the interim (14 days) and the end (28 days) of vermicomposting. Our results showed that the high content of lipid had negative effects on growth of earthworms and products in vermicomposting. The kitchen waste with lower lipid content could be better composted by earthworms. The average body weight of the earthworm increased by 9% in treatment A. Total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and nitrate nitrogen of treatment A with 0% (measured value: 5%) lipid content were significantly higher than those in other treatments. Meanwhile, treatment A had the lowest carbon/nitrogen ratio which might be due to hindrances in the breathing and activities of earthworms. The high content of lipid makes growth of aerobic bacteria such as nitrifying bacteria difficult.
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Rahman, A., MA Hashem, AKMA Kabir, MKJ Bhuiyan, and MM Rahman. "Influence of amount of red worm (Eisenia foetida) on the organic matter degradation during vermicomposting of cattle manure." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 49, no. 1 (October 18, 2020): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v49i1.49377.
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This study aimed to understand the degradation pattern of organic substances through different amount of red worms during vermicomposting of cattle manure. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted with three treatments e.g., T1 (vermicomposting of 25 kg cowdung using 50 g of red worms), T2 (vermicomposting of 25 kg cowdung using 100 g of red worms) and T3 (vermicomposting of 25 kg cowdung using 150 g of red worms) with 3 replications. Parameters studied were dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), crude fiber (CF), carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N) and pH at different days of intervals. Results showed that the amount of red worms has a significant influence on the quality of the final vermicompost. The highest DM content was observed in T3 and the lowest DM content was observed in T1 after 45 days of composting. There were significant (p<0.001) higher reduction rate of OM, OC and CF were found in T3 compared to T1 and T2 and the differences were also significant (p<0.001) among days intervals over 45 days of experimental period. TN content gradually increases with the increase of time. There was significant (P<0.05) difference in TN alteration among treatments along with time intervals. There was significant differences (P<0.001) in C/N among treatments and a gradual increment of C/N was found with the advancement of the vermicomposting. There were a little changes in pH of all the treatments but those treatments were not followed a trend during the total experimental period. Finally, it may be concluded that organic matter degradation rate is faster in T3 compared to T1 and T2. These might be indicated that amount of red worms are an important factors of OM decomposition or digestion during vermicomposting period.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (1): 45-54
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Draskovits, Eszter, Barbara Németh-Borsányi, Pierre-Adrien Rivier, and Anita Szabó. "Vermikomposztálás, mint a szennyvíziszap-komposztálás alternatív megoldása ─ Szemle ─." Agrokémia és Talajtan 66, no. 2 (December 2017): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2017.66.2.8.
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Agricultural utilisation is one of the most promising uses of sewage sludge in Hungary. Sewage sludge can be applied to agricultural fields in two ways: the injection of dewatered sewage sludge and the application of sewage sludge after composting. Vermicomposting is a special type of composting, where the organic residues are broken down by earthworms. The worms facilitate the decomposition process both by mixing the sludge and by physically degrading it. Earthworm species have various morphotypes requiring different habitats. Compost worms have great adaptability to extreme conditions and are capable of exploiting organic matter in a state of decomposition. Eisenia sp., Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyx excavatus are important species for vermicomposting. When examining the role and possibilities of vermicomposting, it is important to compare it with traditional composting methods. The most important aspect of producing vermicompost is to ensure optimum environmental conditions for the earthworms, especially in terms of temperature, humidity and aeration, which requires constant attention. An important feature of traditional composting is the thermophilic phase, during which the pathogenic organisms in sewage sludge are destroyed. The thermophilic phase is omitted during vermicomposting due to the thermal sensitivity of the earthworms, but the presence and activity of the earthworms results in similar sterility. Regarding its nutrient content, vermicompost contains larger quantities of total and plant-available macroelements than conventional composts. A further advantage is the presence of the plant hormone agents excreted by earthworms. From the environmental point of view, the ability of earthworms to accumulate heavy metals and the role of their special gut flora in the decomposition of organic pollutants could contribute to the wider use of vermicomposting to dispose of sewage sludge. While vermicompost has many advantages, a number of obstacles need to be overcome before it can be routinely used in Hungary. Many landowners regard sewage sludge compost as hazardous waste that could contaminate their soil and crops rather than as a nutrient and soil amendment. Although numerous studies have been published on sewage sludge, the assessment of long-term effects, including the issues currently of most concern in Hungary, is still lacking. Vermicomposting is therefore a promising, innovative technology for sewage sludge recycling. Sewage sludge and sewage sludge composts with pollutant contents greater than the limits laid down in Government Regulation 50/2001. (IV.3.) can be made suitable for agricultural use by vermicomposting.
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Gómez Brandón, María, Manuel Aira, Allison R. Kolbe, Nariane de Andrade, Marcos Pérez-Losada, and Jorge Domínguez. "Rapid Bacterial Community Changes during Vermicomposting of Grape Marc Derived from Red Winemaking." Microorganisms 7, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7100473.
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Previous studies dealing with changes in microbial communities during vermicomposting were mostly performed at lab-scale conditions and by using low-throughput techniques. Therefore, we sought to characterize the bacterial succession during the vermicomposting of grape marc over a period of 91 days in a pilot-scale vermireactor. Samples were taken at the initiation of vermicomposting, and days 14, 28, 42, and 91, representing both active and mature stages of vermicomposting. By using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, significant changes in the bacterial community composition of grape marc were found after 14 days and throughout the process (p < 0.0001). There was also an increase in bacterial diversity, both taxonomic and phylogenetic, from day 14 until the end of the trial. We found the main core microbiome comprised of twelve bacterial taxa (~16.25% of the total sequences) known to be capable of nitrogen fixation and to confer plant-disease suppression. Accordingly, functional diversity included increases in specific genes related to nitrogen fixation and synthesis of plant hormones (salicylic acid) after 91 days. Together, the findings support the use of grape marc vermicompost for sustainable practices in the wine industry by disposing of this high-volume winery by-product and capturing its value to improve soil fertility.
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Gómez-Brandón, María, Manuel Aira, Natielo Santana, Marcos Pérez-Losada, and Jorge Domínguez. "Temporal Dynamics of Bacterial Communities in a Pilot-Scale Vermireactor Fed with Distilled Grape Marc." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050642.
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Vermicomposting has been found as a profitable approach to dispose of and treat large quantities of raw grape marc. However, less information is available with regard to its efficiency for treating distillery winery byproducts, even though distillation has been widely used as a way to economically valorize grape marc. As such, we sought to characterize the compositional and functional changes in bacterial communities during vermicomposting of distilled grape marc by using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Samples were collected at the initiation of vermicomposting and at days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. There were significant changes (p < 0.0001) in the bacterial community composition of distilled grape marc after 14 days of vermicomposting that were accompanied by twofold increases in bacterial richness and diversity from a taxonomic and phylogenetic perspective. This was followed by significant increases in functional diversity of the bacterial community, including metabolic capacity, lignin and cellulose metabolism, and salicylic acid synthesis. These findings indicate that the most striking compositional and functional bacterial community changes took place during the active phase of the process. They also pinpoint functional attributes that may be related to the potential beneficial effects of distilled grape marc vermicompost when applied on soil and plants.
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Karapantzou, Ioanna, Gregoria Mitropoulou, Ioanna Prapa, Dimitra Papanikolaou, Vasileios Charovas, and Yiannis Kourkoutas. "Physicochemical Changes and Microbiome Associations during Vermicomposting of Winery Waste." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (May 2, 2023): 7484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097484.
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Annually, the wine industry produces high amounts of waste that can be toxic if disposed of without pretreatment. Vermicomposting is an efficient and low-cost method of decomposing organic matter using earthworms under controlled conditions. The organic substrate used in the vermicomposting process affects microbial populations and reflects the dynamics of enzymatic activity, decomposition of organic matter, and nitrogen transformations. However, the microbiome associations during the whole process are still unexplored. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate physicochemical, enzymatic, microbial, and microbiome activities during vermicomposting of winery waste. In this vein, a rectangular vermireactor with Eisenia andrei and Eisenia fetida earthworms, loaded with winery waste, was used. At the end of the process, the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was decreased, the total nitrogen was increased, the pH was neutralized and excess enzymatic activities were recorded. The bacterial and fungal phyla detected by next-generation sequencing analysis identified Armatimonadetes, Bacteriodetes, Candidatus saccharibacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, and Mucoromycota, respectively. Physicochemical and microbial changes occurring during vermicomposting of winery waste, along with the microbiome diversity at the beginning and end of the process, may lead to a better understanding of winery-waste biotransformation into effective biofertilizer.
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Kotsubo, Karolina, Irineu Bianchini Júnior, Hugo Henrique Lanzi Saulino, and Marcela Bianchessi Da Cunha Santino. "Is enrichment with inorganic and organic compounds feasible for improving the quality of vermicomposting using water hyacinth biomass?" Universitas Scientiarum 29, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc291.iewi.
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In eutrophic environments, aquatic weeds reproduce rapidly, occupying extensive areas of the water body and preventing the multiple use of water resources. The use of the biomass of these plants in vermicomposting represents a sustainable alternative utilization of the excess biomass produced by eutrophication. The enrichment of macrophyte biomass during vermicomposting was tested using aninorganic solution (NPK 1.75 % and NPK 3.50 %) and an organic solution with glucose (0.25 g/L and 0.50 g/L) to improve the quality of the vermicompost. The consumption of biomass of the macrophytes by the Eisenia fetida increased as the vermicomposting progressed, reaching the highest values at the end of the experimental period. The control treatment, i.e., without earthworms, remained stable.The electrical conductivity tended to increase for the treatments NPK 1.75 %, Glucose 0.25 g/L and Glucose 0.50 g/L. The pH of the vermicomposting tended to be neutral in all treatments. The control and inorganic treatments showed a reduction in macrophyte biomass and the number of individuals of Eisenia fetida. The additions of NPK and glucose slightly improved vermicompost quality andbiomass consumption by the earthworms. However, using vermicompost alone does not meet the requirements for its use as a fertilizer. Thus, we suggest the use of vermicompost in association with other fertilizers, adding moisture and structuring the soil.
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Gatsenko, M. V., V. V. Volkogon, L. M. Tokmakova, and N. V. Lutsenko. "MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CATTLE MANURE BIOCOMPOSTING WITH PHOSPHORITES AND PHOSPHATE MOBILIZING BACTERIA." Agriciltural microbiology 11 (July 5, 2010): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.11.75-89.
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The active strains of microorganisms mobilizing phosphorus from sparingly soluble compounds were isolated from the vermicompost. Representatives of the genera Pseudomonas had dominated in phosphate mobilizing humus microbiota. The strains Pseudomonas sp. 17 and Pseudomonas sp. 22 capable to release of bigger amount of watersoluble phosphates at vermicomposting of organics with enriched by phosphorites were selected. The dependence of water-soluble phosphates content on the development of phosphorus-mobilizing microorganisms during vermicomposting was shown.
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Sierra, J., L. Desfontaines, J. Faverial, G. Loranger-Merciris, and M. Boval. "Composting and vermicomposting of cattle manure and green wastes under tropical conditions: carbon and nutrient balances and end-product quality." Soil Research 51, no. 2 (2013): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13031.
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Composting and vermicomposting are interesting options for utilisation in restoration and improvement of weathered and infertile tropical soils. The aim of this study was to assess quality of composts and vermicomposts produced from cattle manure (CM) and green wastes (GW) blended at different ratios under tropical conditions. Chemical, biochemical, and biological indicators were used to identify the role of earthworms and the factors affecting organic matter (OM) stability and nutrient balance in the thermophilic (days 0–65) and stabilisation (days 66–183) phases. Total carbon (C) losses averaged 55% and were greater during vermicomposting and for products with a high GW content. One-third of C losses occurred during the stabilisation phase. This phase presented a high level of C mineralisation, which would be linked to high ambient temperatures (~30°C). Although OM content was similar for all of the final products, respiration measurements indicated that OM stability was greater for vermicomposts. These results indicated that humification and OM decomposition occurred simultaneously during vermicomposting. The material source ratio did not affect the OM biodegradability of the final products. No losses were observed for phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). However, high potassium (K) (45%) and nitrogen (25%) losses were detected and were higher during vermicomposting and for the products with a high GW content. Final vermicomposts were enriched in P, Ca, and Mg, and slightly depleted in K compared with normal composts. Nitrogen content was similar for both composting methods. Plant response to amendment addition was higher for intermediate rates of GW and CM (e.g. 40–60% for CM), with no differences between composts and vermicomposts. The results of this study indicated that vermicomposting was a process that favoured OM stabilisation, which is a key factor for the adoption of this practice in the tropics.
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Rupani, Parveen Fatemeh, Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi, Mohammad Shahadat, Asha Embrandiri, Hany S. EL-Mesery, Hongcheng Wang, and Weilan Shao. "Bio-Optimization of Chemical Parameters and Earthworm Biomass for Efficient Vermicomposting of Different Palm Oil Mill Waste Mixtures." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 2092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122092.
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The present study reports mathematical modelling of palm oil mill effluent and palm-pressed fiber mixtures (0% to 100%) during vermicomposting process. The effects of different mixtures with respect to pH, C:N ratio and earthworms have been optimized using the modelling parameters. The results of analysis of variance have established effect of different mixtures of palm oil mill effluent plus palm press fiber and time, under selected physicochemical responses (pH, C:N ratio and earthworm numbers). Among all mixtures, 60% mixture was achieved optimal growth at pH 7.1 using 16.29 C:N ratio in 15 days of vermicomposting. The relationship between responses, time and different palm oil mill waste mixtures have been summarized in terms of regression models. The obtained results of mathematical modeling suggest that these findings have potential to serve a platform for further studies in terms of kinetic behavior and degradation of the biowastes via vermicomposting.
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Zigmontienė, Aušra, and Vaida Šerevičienė. "NITROGEN SEQUESTRATION DURING SEWAGE SLUDGE COMPOSTING AND VERMICOMPOSTING." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 31, no. 2 (June 7, 2023): 157—XXX. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.19298.
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Composting is the oldest and most natural form of organic material recycling. Technological parameters are very important because when the process is unbalanced, other gases are produced, some of which have objectionable odours (NH3). Sewage sludge is a valuable material that has accumulated large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus, which can contribute to improving soil quality. Optimal composting and vermicomposting conditions (C/N ratio, pH, and moisture) can reduce the emissions of gaseous pollutants in the environment. Experimental studies have shown that the volume of ammonia emitted into the environment during vermicomposting of sewage sludge is significantly lower (3 mg/m3 concentration was reached on the 28th day) than that resulting from traditional composting (3 mg/m3 concentration was reached on the 56th day). Vermicomposting of sewage sludge preserves higher amounts of total nitrogen (12.52 mg/kg) compared to traditional composting (10.35 mg/kg).
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Ghosh, M., G. N. Chattopadhyay, and K. Baral. "Transformation of phosphorus during vermicomposting." Bioresource Technology 69, no. 2 (August 1999): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(99)80001-7.
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Desai, Naveen, Anuradha Tanksali, and Veena S. Soraganvi. "Vermicomposting – Solution for Milk Sludge." Procedia Environmental Sciences 35 (2016): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.027.
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., Meera T. Sose. "STUDIES AND INVESTIGATION ON VERMICOMPOSTING." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 06, no. 02 (February 25, 2017): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2017.0602004.
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Bhati, Praveesh, Ritu Nagar, and Anurag Titov. "Physiochemical Analysis of Sandalwood (Santalum Album) Leaf Litters Degraded by Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia." International Annals of Science 7, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ias.7.1.6-11.
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The decay of leaf litter by microflora and fauna furnish nutrient supply to the soil and also uphold ecological sustainability. Applying of proper technique and exploring of result provides information for the betterment of agricultural system. Vermicomposting of Sandalwood (Santalum album) leaf litters were studied with an emphasis of physio-chemical deviation during the process and also compared with 100 % cattle dung. Obtained result explore that temperate of 50 % leaf litter (LL) and 100 % cattle dung (CD) was slightly elevated (37ºC ±1 ºC and 35ºC ±1 ºC respectively) at beginning phase and later came down to ambient level (20ºC±1 ºC). The total organic carbon (TOC) exhausted 44 % in 50 % LL Vermicomposting mixture while 70 % in 100 % CD during the process. At the final stage, TOC found more in 50% LL as compared to 100% CD. Nitrogen content was found 1.02±0.1 in 50 % LL and 0.88±0.1 in 100 % CD at the initial phase but after completion of Vermicomposting, their level was increased up to 40 to 44 %. pH was also measured during vermicomposting and found 7.2±0.1 in 50% LL while 8.4±0.1 in 100% CD at the initial phase. The at the end of process pH raised and set up to 8.2 ±0.1 in 50% LL while in 100% CD it was found 8.0 ±0.1.
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Alonso-Marroquin, Fernando, Ghulam Qadir, Jad Nazha, Vanessa Pino, and Arianna Brambilla. "A User-Friendly and Sustainable Toilet Based on Vermicomposting." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 19, 2023): 12593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612593.
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Environmental awareness has sparked increasing interest in changing the way humans interact with their environment. This awareness includes the change in paradigm of considering human manure (humanure) not as a waste but as a valuable bioproduct instead. In this regard, composting is an age-old technique for nutrient recovery that has gained renewed interest, as it may be a sanitary and financially viable solution to closing the loop of human–nature interactions. This work investigates environmental solutions for toilet systems that are user-friendly and sustainable based on systems that filter nutrients via vermicomposting. The methodology is based on (1) reviewing several surveys across different continents to select the most appropriate interface of a targeted society, and (2) investigating the microbial dynamics of vermicomposting. The microbial activity was compared with the activity of the aerobic composting systems by measuring soil temperature, soil composition, decomposition rate, stabilization factor, and biological diversity. The microbial decomposition process in vermicomposting was faster due to the presence of earthworms, but the increase in temperature and volatile ammonia led to the earthworms burrowing into the soil. Overall, the flush toilet is still the most socially accepted toilet interface, and the connection of vermicomposting to this toilet interface poses challenges in managing high ammonia content and maintaining healthy conditions for the earthworm population.
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Vuković, Ana, Mirna Velki, Sandra Ečimović, Rosemary Vuković, Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac, and Zdenko Lončarić. "Vermicomposting—Facts, Benefits and Knowledge Gaps." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101952.
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Industrialization and urbanization have led to an increased accumulation of waste materials that are transformed into a nutrient-rich and high-quality product called vermicompost by the vermicomposting process. Vermicomposting is an ecofriendly and economically favorable biotechnological process that involves the interaction of earthworms and microorganisms. Due to the importance of this process and its great potential in dealing with the consequences of waste accumulation, this review aims to provide key insights as well as highlight knowledge gaps. It is emphasized that there is a great challenge in understanding and clarifying the mechanisms involved in the vermicomposting process. The optimization of the factors affecting the possible application of vermicompost is crucial for obtaining the final product. Information on the composition of bacterial communities, amount of vermicompost, effect on heavy metal content, plant pathogens, diseases and organic waste selection is here recognized as currently the most important issues to be addressed. By answering these knowledge gaps, it is possible to enable wider utilization of vermicompost products.
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Liu, Ming Da, Na Cong, Wei Zhang, and Yao Jing Wang. "Vermicomposting of Chinese Medicine Residue with Earthworms." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3577.
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Vermicomposting experiments were conducted to study the effects of Chinese medicine residue at optimal moisture content on growth and fecundity of Eisenia foetida in laboratory. Under the conditions of different pH and inoculation density, the treatment effects were determined through analyzing the changes of Chinese medicine residue properties. The results showed that the optimal pH for Eisenia foetida was 6.5, and that 40 earthworms per 1kg residues was the most appropriate density for unfermented Chinese medicine residue. Compared with the control, the earthworm treatment could significantly accelerate organic matter mineralization and promote the degradation of materials. After vermicomposting, pH value of the residue was close to neutral, and total N and the enzyme activities were both significantly increased. While the value of C/N and TOC were both reduced. These results suggested that vermicomposting was a better way for Chinese medicine residue treatment, the rate of quantitative reduction and the treatment efficiency were 73.54% and 44.52%, respectively.
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Maronezi, Vanessa, Ana Paula Pereira Assunção, Vanessa Souza Reis Melo, Ana Paula Milla Dos Santos Senhuk, Deusmaque Carneiro Ferreira, and Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê. "Amendment of organic compost proprieties through composting-vermicomposting integration." Revista Acta Ambiental Catarinense 19, no. 1 (December 3, 2021): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24021/raac.v19i1.5979.
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The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effects of integrating composting-vermicomposting to improve the organic compost as from the physicochemical analyses and by their application on Brachiaria decumbens growth. Experiments carried out in composting unit used 30:1 ratio of nitrogen-rich organic waste (raw vegetables, fruits and cooked food) and carbon (dry grass) in 2 pile configurations (with, or without passive aeration). After 60 days, product was subjected to vermicomposting for 45 days. Composts were analyzed to check their quality (temperature, pH, moisture, organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus levels), as well as compared to each other as biofertilizers (10% (w/v)) for B. decumbens growth. Data have suggested that the vermicomposting process improved the compost pile by increasing its nitrogen (1.26% to 1.95%), phosphorus (0.64% to 1.2%) and organic carbon contents (17.1% to 18.9%). B. decumbens growth showed no significant differences between those treatments, which indicates that organic fraction should be increased (>10%) to release their nutrients to plant.