Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vérité et mensonge – Évaluation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Vérité et mensonge – Évaluation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Delmas, Hugues. "Expressions faciales et mensonges factuels : évaluation des croyances et identification des expressions produites lors d’un mensonge à forte charge cognitive." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080036.
Two factors increase the lie detection performance: (a) identify and decrease false beliefsand (b) increase behavioral differences between liars and truth-tellers. These factors were studiedin relation to facial expressions of deception in this doctoral dissertation.The present work questioned (a) The most important beliefs about facial expressions ofdeception throught the use of a photographic questionnaire (b) The influence of professionalexperience, stakes of lie (serious or trivial) and the lying behavior evaluated (his own or that ofothers) (c) The relevance of facial expressions’ intensity to detect lies in an reverse orderinstruction which was used to magnify behavioral differences (cognitive load approach).Our results highlighted many new beliefs. Seven of them were very shared by people andconsistent with the stereotypical view of the liar. Beliefs were little infuenced by professionalexperience, the stakes of lie and the evaluated behavior. The reverse order instruction amplifieddifferences between liars and truth-tellers; and the intensity of facial movements was a relevantmeasure for detecting deception. Application of our research is discussed
Marques, Mourato Antoine. "Recueil du récit de vie et évaluation de la crédibilité dans la procédure de demande d'asile : les enjeux liés à la mémoire, au trauma et à la culture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2023. https://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/s/fr/item/35854.
In 2022, the number of displaced individuals reached 108 million (UNHCR, 2023). Many of these people, forced into exile, cross borders in search of refuge abroad. Countries that are signatories to the Geneva Convention are obligated to provide refuge for any person who is a victim or threatened with persecution, should they seek it (UN, 1951). The identification of victims of persecution heavily relies on individual interviews and the assessment of the credibility of their narratives (e.g., Holland, 2018; Vogl, 2013). Due to the intercultural context of these interviews and the often traumatic nature of the events described, this credibility assessment proves to be 'one of the most complex instructional functions in industrialized societies' (Rousseau et al., 2002, p. 3). Restructuring asylum procedures is a priority for the European Union, aiming to standardize practices and establish effective, ethical, and evidence-based procedures, which are still largely undefined (Bernhard & Kaufmann, 2018; European University Institute 2021). This thesis aims to contribute to this effort by proposing interview methods tailored to the specific needs of the asylum procedure. The thesis consists of two empirical parts. In the first part, we mapped the needs, beliefs, and practices of social workers involved in the preparatory phase using interviews (Study 1), vignettes and questionnaires (Studies 2 and 3). In the subsequent part (Studies 4A, 4B, 5, and 6), we examined the impact of cultural and traumatic variables on episodic memory recall and subsequent credibility assessment through the analysis of transcripts and rejection notifications from asylum applications (86 cases, 10 267 question-response pairs). Our research helped identify the types of information sought during asylum interviews. The nature of these details varies according to the motive for application. Our findings reveal the influence of cultural and traumatic variables on the expression of psychological distance in descriptions of past experiences. Furthermore, we observed that the indicators used to challenge the credibility of an alleged experience differ depending on the psychological distance in its description, its traumatic nature, and the applicant's origin. The entire body of studies highlights the importance of offering asylum professionals more suitable interview methods. The recommendations of this thesis propose a training program that take into account the effects of trauma, cultural orientation, and the nature of the information being sought. These guidelines should aim to improve the understanding of traumatic memory, tailor questioning to cultural specificities and applicant vulnerabilities, and promote a relational approach during interviews. On a more fundamental level, this thesis contributes to cross-cultural psychology by shedding light on the effects of cultural orientation on the recall of personal experiences. It also contributes to forensic psychology by identifying the effects of culture and the traumatic nature of an experience on testimony, and by specifying the psycholinguistic correlates of credibility judgments. These results have implications for enhancing asylum procedures, contributing to a better understanding of key factors in the process, with the ultimate goal of ensuring more objective and reliable handling of asylum requests. In sum, this thesis provides insights into the mechanisms of asylum interviews, paving the way for new interview and credibility assessment methods
Biland, Claudine. "Comportement non verbal et mensonge, recherches expérimentales." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10038.
Dalbignat-Deharo, Gaëlle. "Vérité scientifique et vérité judiciaire en droit privé." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010305.
Gambetti, Zeynep. "Mensonge et politique : Les enjeux de la visibilité." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070115.
The main aim of this thesis is to arrive at an understanding of the relationship between politics and the phenomenenon of the lie, although from the point of view of society and not from that of the liar. The ethical definition of the lie cannot serve as a satisfactory instrument with which to approach the issue under consideration. Political ethics and theological morality are not always compatible. Moreover, the lie is a form of human communication, and as such always relative to the context in which it is used. The political problem of the lie deals with the establishment of facts. The concept of the lie must be reformulated to take into account various semantic conventions and political aims, the context, and the relationship between speaker and audience. It is then possible to establish three political paradigms of the lie (sophism, the modern state of totalitarianism) with respect to the nature of the political sphere involved. The visibility of facts depends, on the one hand on the formal or structural aspects of the political sphere, on the other hand on the diversity of modes of thinking and acting in a given society. Under conditions of unobstructed visibility (the example of the Greek city-state), the lie is relative to the ambiguity of the human world and to the necessary discursivity of opinion formation. Under conditions of limited visibility (the modern sate), the lie is relative to contradictions inherent in the separation of state from society. The political lie is a function of the practice of administering the society, of bureaucratical secrecy and the fragmentation of the social sphere. The total absence of visibility (as in the case of totalitarian regimes) leads to the totalitarianization of the lie such that it becomes impossible to stabilize facts. The totalitarianization of the lie also signals the eclipse of politics while the latter is what gives society its form to signification
Goedert-Masuy, Véronique. "Les mensonges en clinique pédopsychiatrique : le symptôme de Pinocchio, enfant seul." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/goedert_v.
This study deals with lies which, in childhood, used in a repetitive way, attack the intersubjective links. Two different kinds of lies are to be distinguished inside two types of psychic attitude: the preoedipal Pinocchio liesʺ, and the oedipal secret liesʺ. The theoretical field defines the topographical localisation of lies. From the dynamic and economic point of view, they objectify an intense conflict between the ego, the super-ego and the ego ideal, with the persistance of points of anal fixation, inside of an oedipal conflictuality which is more or less elaborate. However, be they oedipal or not, they always seem linked to a dissatisfying experience during a process of disillusionment. The final part of this study focalises on the Pinocchio lies which question a transgenerationnal narcissistic wound, while the conclusion of this research proposes to consider the use of lies as a means of repearing this wound, but also remaining in all-mightiness archai͏̈c personal experience in order to escape a reality which is threatening
Marsh, Janet. "Une analyse du thème vérité/mensonge dans Monnè, outrages et defis d'Ahmadou Kourouma." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22123.
Monnew, the second novel of Ahmadou Kourouma, published in 1990, relates the history of a fictitious Malinke kingdom, Soba, in the north-west Ivory Coast, from pre-colonial times in the late ·nineteenth century to the beginnings of the post-colonial era. One of the aims of the novel is the demystification of some versions of African history, especially histories of the colonisation of West Africa by the French. We demonstrate how Kourouma demystifies some official accounts of colonial history, presenting his account of the period through the eyes of the Malinke. We make a number of references to more modern or less biased accounts of the times which give credence to the Malinke/Kourouma version. Kourouma also demystifi.es traditional African leaders via the character Djigui, King of Soba. The thesis argues that this demystification is effected by making the figure of Djigui a parody of the legendary hero of traditional oral litterature, thereby revealing his true nature. Subsequently we show how, by creating subtle parallels between the characteristics of the traditional leader and the "charismatic" post-colonial leader, Kourouma also defaltes the public image of such personae. At the same time he creates a more universal image of the flaws of those in power.
Bouriche, Boumédienne. "Indices non verbaux de réussite et d'échec dans la communication du mensonge." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10055.
Honoré, Françoise. "Le mensonge en tant que signe des difficultés d'une époque : étude effectuée par analyse de contenu de romans." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H016.
Two periods are compared here: the time between the two world wars and the present time. Lying to the other and lying to oneself are both studied, cf g. Durandin. E. Morin, g. Devereux, j. Fourastie, g. Friedmann inspire the hypothe-ses. According to the representation obtained here, man, today (in france), would not only be more permissive, but, above all, would have a more complex inter-subjective relation, with more psychologism, more subjectivism. He would be more clear-sighted, about himself or the person he loves; and at the same time, show more relativism. Finally, the different evolutions of the social subjects, the greater com-petition, would be a sign of a growing diversification
Duran, Geoffrey. "Compréhension, Emotion, et Attention, une nouvelle approche à détecter le mensonge." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2090/document.
We are all so familiar with the notions of deception and lie detection. We readily admit that lying is not morally acceptable. Lying has always been a moral problem. For example, Aristotle said that "falsehood is in itself mean and culpable" or Kant regarded the truth as "unconditional duty which holds in all circumstances.” Machiavelli has taken a different position by praising deceit in the service of self. After having been a moral and legal problem for millennia, the question of lies and their detection has become a question of research for about sixty years. How do people deceive others? How are people likely to believe the lies of others? Are they able to detect when someone is lying to them? And if yes, how? Why are people fooled? These questions are still relevant, and this thesis is part of the continuity of research on the detection of lies, in the context of detection without a specialized instrument.Scientific publications from the literature on the human capacity to detect lies are pessimistic and show that individuals rarely do better than chance. If explanations have been made, many questions still persist, such as the influence of certain aspects of personality and cognition on the ability to detect lies. We have conducted several experimental studies to answer some of the questions. All of our results suggest that personality traits associated with sensitivity to the emotions of others interfere with the capacity to detect lies. Our results show, for the first time, that cognitive functions, such as recognition of prosody, attentional processes and discourse comprehension, are involved in the detection of lies. Finally, this thesis also examined whether aspects of personality and cognition influence the detection ability of police officers (French Gendarmes)
Allione, Julien. "Construction et validation d'un protocole visant à améliorer la détection du mensonge : une démarche de psychologie expérimentale appliquée." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20102.
In the last decades, research assessing the veracity of suspects statements, witnesses and alleged victims has become of great importance in eyewitness testimony scientifique literature. Indeed, statements are given a crucial role in eyewitness evidence. However, detecting a wrong statement is a difficult task, Several researches highlighted the inaccuracy for detecting false statement. Experimental studies tried to propose relevant cues to detect liar behaviour. Studies looking into verbal cues are a lot more promising than thoes interested in non-verbal cues. Two approaches analyzing principally written transcriptions of oral statements are currently subject to a lot of attention. One is the Criteria-Based Content Analysis (Steller and Köhnken, 1989) and the other is the Reality Monitoring (Johnson and Raye, 1989). Unfortunately, thoses approaches present few weakness. The first step of our research program consisted in extracting the most relevant verbal cues. In the same time, we tried to increase the criteria efficiency, using particular interviewing procedures. Then, we have submited the extracted cues to law offenders, in order to know if on the basis of transcription, those cues could allow better scoring in detecting sincere or untruthful testimonies. Finally, we tested if our approach would still be effective without having to retranscribe statements. The results show an improvment in detecting sincere to untruthfull testimonies
Ouedraogo, Clarisse. "Le mensonge dans l'escroquerie : l'exemple de la France et du Burkina Faso." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10042.
THERE IS NO SWINDLE without LYING ; BUT EVERY LYING DOESN'T CONSTITUTE NECESAIRELY A SWINDLE. ONLY THE AGGRAVATED LYING CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A SWINDLE, WHEN IT IS SO PERSUASIVE TO CHEAT SOMEONE WHO IS NORMALLY CAREFUL LYING CAN BE PERSUASIVE IN TWO WAYS : FIRST, WHEN IT'S ABOUT AN INTRINSIC CREDIBLE ELEMENT, LYING ONLY IS SUFFICIENT TO BE CONSIDERED AS A SWINDLE. THEN, WHEN IT'S ABOUT AN ELEMENT withouT ANY CREDIBILITY, THE LYING MUST GO WITH ANOTHER ACTS; EXAMPLE, PRESENTATING DOCUMENTS, INTERVENTION OF ANOTHER PERSON, OR ATHERS MACHINATIONS WHICH MAKE LYING CREDIBLE. LAW IN BURKINA FASO AND LAW IN FRANCE HAVE SOME LIKENESSES WHEN CONSIDER THE TEXTS; BUT SOMES DIFFERENCES CAN BE FOUND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TEXTS BY JURIDICTIONS IN THESE COUNTRIES
Zivala-Leredde, Vassiliki. "Le mensonge dans l'oeuvre romanesque d'Alphonse Daudet." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10021.
Demichel, Sophie. "Fonction du mensonge dans la pensée : modalités du sujet de la falsification." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082405.
The concept of lying is immediatly set as a negative concept, or ever a incarnation of radical bad action ; the history of all philosophy confirms that the fact of lying can be identified as a radical sin. However, the fact oh lying acts over is misundestanding, can succed against the suspicion it claims. As a production of effects, it is able to preserve , in this way, a form of resistance against a sort of lack of veridicty. The fact is not to “ legitimate ” nor “ inhibate ” lying words, but to delimitate that action as a apropriate modality of human being while he is actually living. Telling there is lying as a current possibility to make up a way of living means that there is actually a exception from the law of veridicity in the possible construction of subjective category. To lie is, in this way, a pure fiction, which means that any definition of a subject depends on a situation, no any nature, and affirms in fact ther is no verity except a “ act verity ”, or ever a verity valid within the hability of resist againts any way of lying, in a particular situation
Comert, Alev. "Les infractions consommées par le mensonge." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0352/document.
Lying is a fact of life. Both religion and morality condemn lying as a sign of treason against the universal moral rules common to all societies. All judgements and all laws must rely on truth. Legal rules, inspired by religious and moral rules, repress the use of lies. Applying the principles of this subject, however, criminal law only represses lies that specifically harm society or individuals. Lies are only punished if their use facilitates actions prohibited by penal law. The intervention of the legislator is justified and legitimate to ensure public order and protect the social values essential for the functioning of society. The following research aims to show the (proven) violations committed by the act of lying. Penal law considers lies a deviation from the truth that manifests itself in a number of ways and does not have a precise definition. In criminal matters, inaccuracy is not the most crucial aspect –lies are by definition necessarily instances of intentional deception. This study aims to identify the criteria applied for the punishment of lying in cases of violations of the law that resort to an alteration of the truth with fraudulent intent. Reading the criminal code, we see that a large number of violations are based on lies. According to the penal law principles, the punishment of lying must be based on specific and objective criteria only. Reforms and substantial transformations throw uncertainties upon the traditionally accepted demarcations of punishable lies, which perpetuates the problem. The components of these violations are affected by major transformations, which leads to unclear determination of punishment. Juriceprudence confirms this tendency and shows certain flexibility during the characterisation of what constitutes a lie
Rabec, Aurélie. "Le mensonge dans la tragédie grecque." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1683.
This study identifies all the lies present in the works of the Greek tragedians, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, to highlight the richness of this resource dramatic. The typology used allows us to classify lies according to the intention of the person who uses them and identify the different forms it can take. Furthermore, it sets out the work of playwrights: the transformation effected from the epic material as well as the treatment and outcome of this spring dramatic among these three authors. In a second part, we then focus more specifically on the scenic representation of lies. A character can use his appearance to deceive, sometimes it takes a certain attitude for lying to accredit its. But the one hand, these devices do not concern all liars, and secondly, they are not the essence of falsehood. Indeed, it is the language and its many resources used by all the characters who lie. Most often, the poets show the lie of character: thus, a complicity between the character liar, the chorus and spectators is created around the victim to deceive and generates a spectator enjoyment which has become omniscient. The tragedy is the place of killing. Playwrights have therefore introduced as lying in their works because it allowed them to kill the victim lie. Our last part outlines the links between the lie and death to highlight the evolution emerges: the use of lies to kill a victim has been replaced by the use of lies to avoid death
Nogaro, Sophie. "L’information et le droit pénal." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090052.
Any information is characterized by the number of elements, which has to be made known to others, as much as by the intrinsic value of these elements. In order that criminal law guarantees an efficient spreading of information, it is thus vain to protect the contents of the information only from one quantitative point of view. Consequently, it is advisable to complete this protection by qualitative guarantees. Each of these two aspects is also necessary. However, their difference in nature might imply dissimilarities to the intensity of protection. It is easier to increase the volume of provided information than to increase their quality. In spite of this, one can nowadays wonder whether the necessary balance between these two aspects is not broken
Paulin, David. "Camera del Mezzo : récit, suivi de Effets de vérité et de mensonge dans Cité de verre : essai." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6530.
Fromonot, Jacqueline. "Figures du mensonge dans le roman victorien de 1847 à 1896." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040079.
In the Victorian novel, deception is a characteristic feature of the make-believe world of snobs and upstarts, denounced, or even caricatured by Thackeray ('Vanity Fair') and Dickens ('Our Mutual Friend'). .
Pandelon, Gérald. "Esquisse d'analyse du mensonge en politique : les exemples de la France sous la Ve République et de l'Espagne post-franquiste." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32058.
Cheikh, Hussein Akil El. "Les notions du vrai et du faux d'après le Coran (introductions et perspectives)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010563.
In order to relate Koranic truth to the same notion in human thoght, this study begins with stressing the issue of this question in western thought, issue which is characterized by the failure of metaphysical truth and the triump of built-up truths that can be invested in a human project aiming at dominating the environment. The cultural background of Koran and particularly the arabic language, suggests an ambiguous notion of truth; bat a deeper analysis reveals a truth that can be identified with a being whose primary determinations are power, stability, appropriateness and usefulness because specific methodological weak points the exegesis of Koran cannot make out a satisfactory picture of the characteristics of Koranic truth neither of its antithesis, which are likened to God as the immutable beign on one hand, and to its antithesis - nothingness - on the other hand, the present study makes an inventory of the mentionned weak points which are responsible for the gap between the text and its commentaries, the latest being the projection onto the text of views and ideas of extrinsic origins. This work sets criterions for a significant commentary on the text and a consequent characterization of the notions. Lastly, this study discusses the widespread idea of Koran an truth-itself and ends with hypothesis concerning the outlines of the Koranic conception of world as a cradle of the conception of truth and its contraries
Carrasco-Daëron, Marie. "La dissimulation en droit pénal." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10014.
Abida, Dorra. "Le mensonge, son expression dans la littérature médiévale (XIIe – XIIIe siècles)." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040173.
When we evoke "lying", it is very difficult to deviate from the attitude inspired by religion. Lying is categorically forbidden by the Biblical text as well as by the men of the church. Nevertheless, in the medieval literature, falsehood is presented as the heroes' privilege. Though lying as they breathe, the latter win the narrator's favour. In spite of the gravity of this sin, lying is constantly present in the life of these heroes through multiple shapes. The truth, then, becomes transformed, distorted, and concealed. The heroes seem to be talented in the art of speaking and are magnified thanks to a portrait that turns them into some exceptional beings. The choice of terms is very revealing. Such terms as "mentir" and "mençoigne" are generally replaced by others that attenuate them and give them a certain legitimacy. But how can we talk about legitimacy in a world guided by religion ? The narrator vainly tries to applaud the heroes' cunning ; but he cannot forget that liars have to be penalised for their lies. Falsehood, thus, benefits from a status that makes it advocated and devalued at the same time. Devalued since it does not go with a society severely impregnated with a religious tonality. And privileged because it reflects a certain degree of intelligence and a limitless know-how. Constructing his arguments coherently, watching his style, finding the appropriate figures and an apt turn of phrase, speaking distinctly and lively is the mission of the liar who seeks not to be just but rather effective
Kkona, Christina. "Le désir ou l'art du mensonge dans "A la recherche du temps perdu"." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070013.
From the first lie, that of the hero to his mother, to the lie which marks the end of his relationship with Albertine, the tricks played by Odette with Swann, the lies of the young ladies of Montjouvain, of Charlus and Morel, everything occurs in A la Recherche as if the lie, as a language of otherness, implies generates a semantic level which escapes the liar as well as the investigator. This level is based on the double meaning of the word invention: at the same time creation and discovery. Storytelling encourages the author of the story to create what was always there, in waiting, to be discovered. The numerous resemblances between the description of certain lies of Albertine and the artists' mysterious world, suggest that it is necessary to seek in the double movement of creation/discovery the truth of art, including the art of Proust. Perhaps the proustian paradigm of the lie constitutes the best illustration of fiction in its early state and it is in this direction that the lie may qualify as "the infancy of art". While focused on the paradoxical essence of love, Proust is devoted to a meticulous analysis of this vital lie that is literature, while revealing the essential uselessness of his enterprise. In the world entirely immanent of the Recherche, where there is no more referee, the desire, which is always the desire to quit one's terrible loneliness, generates the belief, translates this need to believe in thé other, this other desired, always unknown and in principle unknowable
Rosaz, Julie. "Evaluation et Information Imparfaite." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22017/document.
This thesis study evaluation using the experimental method. Evaluation is an important tool for firms. It allows the employer to improve his knowledge about his employee’s performance. This presupposes that the employer has an initial belief about his employee. As this initial belief is imperfect, the evaluation provides the employer with new information about the employee. The employer can revise his judgment after the evaluation. The first question raised is how the subject updates his belief about an uncertain state of the nature after observing an imperfect signal. We find that an imperfect signal helps subjects to determine the state of the nature. However, it may also give rise to mistakes by the subjects when validating their initial belief and leave them highly uncertain.The second step of evaluation is the evaluation interview. The principal transfers some of his informational advantage by way of feedback to his employee. However, the feedback may be manipulated. The question raised in the second chapter is whether principals bias information in order to modify the agent’s motivation and what is its impact on the agent’s choice of effort. We find that principals manipulate messages and agents tend to trust these messages and increase their effort accordingly. Our results show however a significant difference in manipulation when this one increases the true ability than when it decreases it.Finally, we study the decision to bias the evaluation in a real effort experiment. We find that the majority of supervisors are willing to bias their report in order for them to earn more. The results show that guilt aversion plays an important role in the decision to lie
Macchi, Odile. "La conviction sur les faits criminels : analyse de dossiers d'instruction sur des assassinats." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHESA049.
Mascaro, Olivier. "Le développement de la vigilance épistémique composantes morales, épistémiques et mentalistes." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0098.
This thesis investigates the early development of vigilance towards deception. Dangerous lies are told by malevolent speakers (moral component). They are false (epistemic component). They originate from the intention to deceive their audience (mindreading component). Children's monitoring of these three components is studied. At the moral level, it is shown that preschoolers use benevolence to select partners in the context of communication. At the epistemic level, several high level abilities are evidenced in three-year-olds: deception by manipulation of Ignorance and beliefs, capacity to treat communicated information as false. It is shown that despite these capacities three-year-olds have difficulties to handle deception. This discrepancy suggests that young children can understand deception, but are relatively inattentive to ils potential occurrence. These analyses open up perspectives for the study of mindreading. In this domain also, a discrepancy between early competences and a relatively late mastery of standard false belief tasks is found. Lt is shown that performance on tasks of deception and on standard false belief tasks are correlated, even after controlling for the capacity to manipulate false representations. These results suggest a reinterpretation of standard false belief tasks in terms of epistemic vigilance
Martín, Lucas Gonzalo. "Disparitions. Mensonge, vérité et pouvoir en Argentine (1976-1983) : penser le régime de terreur et de disparition à l'épreuve des catégories de Hannah Arendt." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070105.
This work proposes to think the rule of terror and disappearance of the "National Process of Reorganization" (Argentine, 1976-1983) by the means of a dialogue with H. Arendt's thought. This task opens on two closely dependent objectives. On the one hand, to answer the question: how the terrorist event could have happened? On the other hand, to develop a working hypothesis: we propose to give account of the ascendancy of plural power of men as a support of the terrorist event. We will argue a double ascendancy of power: ascendancy of power over the preceding history; ascendancy of power over violence and domination. The hypothesis I propose as an answer to these two objectives is the following one: the régime of terror and disappearance can be understood, from the point of view of the power of the men, as a negative crystallization, with the advent and the permanence of which the Argentinian people^ contributed by embarking collectively in what Arendt called a modem political lie; whereas they had the power to support the truth, by diffusing it, by protecting it in private realm or simply by omitting the exercise of lie. That means that the lie was the generating or inspirer principle during the "Process". Our argumentation follows four stages through the four chapters which compose this thesis: we will analyze successively the history (I), the theory (II), the part of the people (III) and the part of the Prince (IV), to try to understand, from de viewpoint of men's power, how the terrorist event in Argentina could have happened
Mérand, Benoit. "Georges Bernanos, imposture et sainteté." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30040.
This study offers an analysis of the fraud figure and mechanism in Georges Bernanos’ fiction as it islinked in both contradictory and imitative way with sanctity figure and phenomenon. It is handled by threeaxes. The first axe tries to highlight the reason why, through his personal career, Bernanos decides to usethese two themes, both interdependent and opposed, as a recurring if not obsessive fiction subject. Thesecond axe stretches the biography by a comment on the genesis of his works, essentially linked to the twofigures, in other words, on the development of these two themes, as it appears in his first written worksand fictions. The third axe favours fraud reality and mechanism as Bernanos characters may reveal, mostdistinctively Mouchette, whose path in Sous le soleil de Satan is characteristically announcing the otherimpostors’ paths : in particular those of Abbé Cénabre, the fake priest of Mégère and M. Ouine. Then, thepath of the devil himself, liar and father of lies, following the Gospel verse, which the author is referringto, and whose representation in his first fiction, appears to be the only total supernatural imposture
LEE, DAL SEUNG. "Le soupcon et l'interrogation chez pierre klossowski." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010550.
Whoever wants to question the works of klossowski in the perspective of the simulacra should perhaps begin to wonder about what this term means in this context. Klossowski was not content with a systematic mise en scone of this concept throughout the different issues he deals with. Whatever it is about, a historical fact, a religious face or an episode of everyday life, klossowski's scene can't be reduced to a mere representation of a theme. Under the constant authority of the simulacra, the scene never stops throwing a suspicious light on its own truth. Thus the experience of klossowski stans as the result of the fragile and suspicious compromise in which he finds himself constrained, a compromise revealed by the untruthful voice and the spying look. This compromise is the frame for the gesture of suspicion, precisely given where the aesthetics of the mask meets the logic of the zigzag. Within this compromise, the experience of klossowski seems to acknowledge the demand of the image as it is conceived by the greeks, that is to say as an attention between the aesthetics pleasure and the exigence of ethics
Mancas, Magdalena Silvia. "Pour une esthétique du mensonge : nouvelle autobiographie et postmodernisme." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20018.
Grodet, Mathilde. "« Par bel mentir » : Mensonges et vérités ambiguës en amour dans les récits courtois des XIIe et XIIIe siècles." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040143.
In Medieval society the truth was held in the highest esteem. The belief in an omniscient God whose Word is truth guarantees this conviction: thoughts and speeches must be coherent and free of falsehood. The deceptive situations, abundant in courtly narratives are a direct contradiction of this moral call. They challenge the ideal and gladly Manichean world of courtly literature, blurring the clear oppositions between dissimulation and revelation, hypocrisy and sincerity. The usually discursive aspect of lie questions the author’s work in a period where the Romanic literature becomes aware of its stakes. The matter of language and its adequacy with truth is a fundamental concern. Furthermore, the status of fiction, even more troublesome, gives way to a constant tension between the authenticity of the narrative and the fictionalisation of the author figure, appearing less a poet and more a storyteller
Pandelon, Gérald. "La question de l'aveu en matière pénale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1041/document.
If a confession doesn't have a mandatory connection with legal truth, the mental conception of a confession leads to an infinitely more complex question which goes beyond the field under study. It would seem that, not only does the confession imply a real criterion in terms of legal appreciation, but is also based on practice linked to personal factors, stemming from negative experience, connected to values and standards prevailing within a given social history. For it is within the mystery of the subject's conscience that committing the act is possible; that is to say in a sphere more closely connected with his personal ethics, than with the constraints of legal norms. At the same time, the confession is a reflection of the evolution of modern society. If the confession was previously sought unconditionally, and represented an absolute imperative, even to the detriment of the truth, it has today been tendered mundane, as has moreover the measure which made it necessary, legal detainment. What was formerly prevalent, when the confession was considered as the ultimate proof, was more a form of an ethical requirement which made truth the standard. This concept of the confession as an absolute was also that of a society based on confidence, that is to say, one in which truth could effectively become known more easily, as it was a structural value. It would seem that this society based on confidence, has given way to a society based on mistrust, in which truth is no longer the essential reference but rather the effectiveness or the rapidity of procedures
Odry, Dominique. "Logiques et discours de l'évaluateur : contribution à une définition du champ théorique de l'évaluation." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080892.
The notion of evaluation is attracting increasing attention in the field of education. Is it possible to bring out the different systems of ideas at work both at the discourse level as well as at the practical level ? our study is an epistemological one, and is built on the analysis of classroom based research as well as on the study of a corpus of texts. Discourse analysis reveals the overwhelming presence of three differents types of utterance : explanations, descriptions of actions and utterances of implication. These three utterance types reveal the different systems of ideas that evaluative discourse attempts to bring together. A phenomenological approach allows us to show that this type of discourse rests on the ambiguous nature of the relationship between meaning, signification and value. A methodological analysis of the notions of referent, criterion, and indicator is made. In the field of evaluation, the term indicator condenses several aspects of the sign. A particular paradigm is put forward. Evaluation as a form of discourse in the field of education is seen as emanating from a divided subject. To apprehend it, it is necessary to construct a model analagous to the trilogy of personel pronouns 'i you he'
Lignon, Fanny. "Erich von Stroheim, du Ghetto au Gotha : recherches sur les origines et l'oeuvre d'Erich von Stroheim." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010507.
Genius of the mystification, Erich von Stroheim conceived the legend of his own life. He did everything to substitute it for the reality. The truth was discovered only ten years after his death, but this didn't kill the fiction. The one who, to the eyes of the world, was the archetype of the noble prussian officier deserted during his military service as a private. His mother and father were practicing jewish. Working for the movies, Erich Stroheim, after his u. S. Emigration, began to build his fictitious personality. He never stoped to improve his, day after day, and film after film. The imaginary became the real. We investigated successively the nine films he directed. Through them and with their help, we were able to follow the evolution of the man and artist. In 1937, with "la grande illusion", Erich von Stroheim enter into the hall of fame. He brings so his creation to perfection. He ends at this time his greatest master-piece : himself. But the director will be for ever nothing than an actor
Baccouche, Lobna. "Le mensonge comme manœuvre d’acquisition de légitimité organisationnelle : considérations éthiques et processus de réalisation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCG005/document.
This research aims to focus the attention on the concept of "legitimation lie" in order to break the silence surrounding it and to shed light on an organizational phenomenon that is not as rare as what we could believe. Specifically, it provides an explanation of how some entrepreneurs succeed in acquiring initial legitimacy for their small and new businesses through lies. The study of the antithetical association of legitimacy and lies led us to focus on two research axes: on the one hand, the ethical considerations attributed to legitimacy lies and on the other hand, the process of their realization.On the theoretical level, our study required a reassessment of classical moral approaches, with the aim to offer a new alternative that goes beyond the operational limits encountered. In addition, the multi-dimensionality of lying process has been illustrated by the intersection of several disciplinary fields examining cognition, social exchanges and emotions.On the methodological level, this work was based on in-depth interviews conducted with 20 entrepreneurs of newly founded small businesses. The examination of the collected data was mainly based on thematic content analyzes preceded or completed, when necessary, by content analyzes or by practices appropriate to visual maps.The results suggest a process of legitimation through lies made of five phases: (1) a phase of identification of problems related to the organizational legitimacy in which the solutions usually practiced used are inaccessible. (2) A phase of construction of the lying’s tactic in which the entrepreneur identifies his / her collaborates, the victims and determines the form and content of the lie. During this phase, negative moral emotions, such as anxiety and guilt, are likely to emerge. These emotions reflect by their natures the ethical value associated to the lie. (3) A decision-making phase in which the entrepreneur, pushed by his ambitions and other environmental factors, rationalizes his behavior and neutralizes the negative emotions felt. (4) A phase of realization of the lying’s tactic and (5) a phase of control.The examination of the ethical considerations of lies revealed a "free individual moral space" - representing a margin between social and professional ethical standards, individual ethical norms and the circumstances surrounding the lies, where entrepreneurs allow themselves the right to use some forms of lie, according to their own rationality operating in that margin, without perceiving themselves as overstepping ethical limits
Besnier, Christiane. "Une ethnographie de la cour d'assises : la construction de l'intime conviction." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H044.
RESEARCH, the anthropological foundation of the Court of Assizes - Crown Court (GB) ; District Courts (US) - and related academic subjects. Ethnogarphical description. Emergence of anthropological fields. PRESENTATION OF THE RESEARCH, within juridical anthropology. All time first insight into the ethnographical aspect of the jurisdiction. Anthropological characteristics : the oral character ; the jury ; the conviction. Hypothesis : conviction does not express amere form of subjectivity ; it is based on tangible elements. ETHNOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION, ethnographical perspectives related to legal texts. Description of a criminal hearing. DEMONSTRATION OF THE THEORY, Construction of the hypothesis based on the metaphor of the laboratory with the emergence of a truth from the facts. Speech as an instrument in the search for truth. Demostration around three points : preliminary conditions to the emergence of a truth ; contribution of speech in the search for a truth ; permanent features that help build a conviction. CONCLUSION, answers related to the theory. Relationships between the work in the field and anthropology. Comparatives perspectives
Bouchard, François. "L'usage romanesque de l'autobiographie dans l'écriture narrative de Massimo Bontempelli." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080739.
In the course of the complex process of re-writing and re-interpreting a part of his narative texts, massimo bontempelli elaborates, at the heart of his fictional work, a coherent fictional autobiography. This results in the creation of the fictional alter ego of the author whose function, while sporting with fictional and documentary categories, is to confirm the effacement of the actual author behind his work which is presented as an autonomous object independent of the author
Bonnant, Mikaël. "Psychopathologie de l'imposture." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20017.
Certain individuals show an astonishing behaviour while having recourse to imposture, sometimes throughout their life, without any tangible motivation being distinguished. With the help of a critical analysis of the psychopathological work on the subject, dialectized by a structural decomposition of the concepts of lie and identity implied in the phenomenon, are theorized the different functions which imposture can fulfil according to the structure of the subject. The study of the clinical field of the pathological lie thus results in questioning its possible defensive function with regard to the return of the repressed in the hysterical neurosis. The psychoanalytical contributions, for their part, mainly underline a non-neurotic clinical type of pathological impostors. Deepened in the light of the Lacanian developments on identification, these contributions make it possible to emphasize the compensation function which imposture regularly fulfils in the psychotic structure
Da, Costa Séverine. "Le semblant et l'illusion chez Nietzsche et Lacan." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083223.
Our work aims to set up parallels and to confront the mechanisms governing the notions of Illusion and Semblant as elaborated by Nietzsche and Lacan – both described as a lie about the Real. Lacan and Nietzsche are primarily specified by representing the truth as equivalent to meaning without any exterior referent. However, they delimit what is real as something not to be ignored by the subject – the realness of “jouissance” (enjoyment) without meaning for Lacan, the rivalry between the becoming of forces for Nietzsche. Lacan then goes on to single out the signifying dimension as that which precisely intends to become a substitute to the void of the Real as well as a substitute to the inexistence of signification accounting for the jouissance of the subject. As for Nietzsche, he shows that the fictions of language and logical categories disfigure the Real and deny its fundamental determinations. Semblant and Illusion are nonetheless essential to all life; the symptom constitutes the minimum of meaning and without this meaning, the subject is unable to support himself the interpretative fictions produced by the Will to Power allow us to escape from the chaos of the Real. Despite this fact, both Nietzsche and Lacan invite the subject to free himself from the idea of the Real as containing absolute meaning and solicit the dimension of action. Lacan creates the theme of savoir-y-faire (knowing how to do) with the symptom, Nietzsche praises Eternal Return as an increase of strength. The notions of Semblant and Illusion therefore enable the representation of solidarity between the Real and fiction. However, one must consider that Lacan’s Semblant is exclusively in the realm of the Symbolic whereas Nietzsche constructs the very fabric of the Real from illusion. We finally note that whilst Lacan identifies the Real with absence and impossibility, Nietzsche treats the Real as a presence to be affirmed
Le, Drevo Delphine. "La vraisemblance en matière pénale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0156.
If the manifestation of truth appears as one of the central objectives of the criminal trial, confronted with the obstacle of doubt, the law must often be satisfied with verisimilitude. Pressed by the necessity to act and decide, the actors of the criminal justice system can not always wait to be absolutely certain of their opinion. In order to avoid the pitfall of immobilism - which would be prejudicial to the interests of society - or that of precipitation - which would be detrimental to the interest of the individual - the criminal law organizes a reaction based on a plausible reality. The likelihood thus contributes to the prudent and effective realization of criminal law. It must be recognized, then, that while verisimilitude is not a legal concept, the fact remains that the law recognizes its effects. The ambition of this study is to demonstrate that the likelihood serves as a basis for the whole of penal matters and allows the necessary guarantees of objectivity to be introduced, since only a certain degree of conviction allows for the threshold of Likelihood that this standard will produce legal effects. It is then a question of identifying these legal effects, of demonstrating the springs and of determining the possibilities of overcoming the doubt that this notion offers. Likelihood is indeed a formidable tool for overcoming doubt, to which the law assigns two predominant roles : an operative role in the first place, by authorizing the investigating and investigating authorities to act in spite of their doubts. A probative role then, to the extent that the existence of certain facts presents such a likelihood that they benefit from a presumption of truth
Ehrsam, Raphaël. "Le problème du langage chez Kant." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010712.
Duboz, Vassili. "La puissance du faux chez La Rochefoucauld, Pascal, et La Bruyère." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0116.
In a period permeated by several crises, following the troubles of the Renaissance, and characterized by the destabilization of every certitude, the authors we call "moralists" of the 17th century are obsessed by falseness.This notion, that seems essentially limited to the fields of knowledge (about the value of a proposition) and art (about fake and forgery), is decisive for the moral reflexion. A lexical study leads to characterize it as a lack of base and consistency : therefore it has much to do with the conduct of life. This existential point of view is developed in this study, through the works of La Rochefoucauld, Pascal and La Bruyère. It deals with three major subjects : the world (in the very particular sense this word has in the 17th century), the "moi" (word first used by Pascal to deal with a relation to oneself, in which the "amour-propre" is an obstacle), and eventually the speech, where the moral reflexion necessarily takes place
Lin, Te-Yu. "Julien Green à la lumière de René Girard." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070031.
While Julian Green's novels had been the object of psychoanalytical interpretation, his writing contains an undecided dimension which resists to these approaches called extra-textual. Although its apparent contour is Freudian, the greenian desire can be compared with the girardian configuration of mimetic desire. Girard's anthropological and literary conception can interpret effectively Green's novels meanwhile this approach intra-textual serves a way to penetrate the core of Green's fictional world. We have tried to investigate the illusion of desire through the Green's characters in light of the Girard's theory and to illustrate the ambiguous relationship between the desiring subject and his mediators. Finally, by implying Girard's theory to study the question of homosexuality, we can realize the sex is rather an illusory and fragile construction, imposed by the society. The girardian lecture, therefore, allows us to reveal the mechanism of the actantial development in Green's fictional world by crossing the ideological mythologies which serve as the composing principle. The relevance of the girardian lecture also resides in our two authors' similar ideal of the function of the fictional writing, demystificator for the theorist, transcendental for the novelist. Ne's terrible loneliness, generates the belief, translates this need to believe in thé other, this other desired, always unknown and in principle unknowable
Latour-Derrien, Annick. "Logique du probable et épistémologie dans les "Essais de théodicée" de Leibniz." Thèse, Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040276.
I have studied the Essais de théodicée by G. W. Leibniz, in order to describe the method theorized and used in the theological epistemology. The preliminary Discours establishes that demonstrative logic is sufficient to defend mysteries, so that the theological use of reason is secured. This position puts Leibniz in the dialectic role of the respondens. Yet, in practice, the method used in the Théodicée is not only refutative, or negative - nor is it strictly demonstrative: the text is not only founded on the optimistic demonstration, which proves the world's optimality, but also elaborates partial positive proofs, a supererogatio that I have connected with the theory of probable logic. The epistemology of faith and mysteries, which appear as non probable, points up the foundation of belief - the motives of credibility, which are probable and rational, though not strictly demonstrative, and which partly underlie the presumption of the truth of religion. Leibniz tends to give a rational translation for the Christian concepts: for miracles and grace, but also for the question of evil, the most discussed mystery in the Théodicée. After a review of the type of text as exoteric essays and a historical survey on probability, I examined the attempts of a probable method applicable to theology in Leibniz. Follows a methodological characterization of the concepts of mystery and faith. Finally, in the Théodicée, I found some probable arguments in support of divine justice, in addition to and converging with the optimistic demonstration - for instance, the position on damnation and the myth of Sextus
Defraiteur, Rémi. "Évaluation de systèmes d'aide à la conduite. Génération automatique de vérité terrain augmentée à partir d’un capteur haute résolution et d’une cartographie sémantique et 3D ; Evaluation de fonctions de perception tierces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG040.
Autonomous driving is one of the current major technological challenges in the automotive sector. Vehicles are becoming more complex and are integrating new systems relying on key functionalities such as perception. Perception is used in various ways to ensure safer mobility, allowing the main inboard system to understand the environment in which the vehicle evolves. Perception plays a critical role in the proper behavior of an autonomous vehicle. It is necessary to ensure that the embedded perception solutions are effective enough to meet safe driving requirements. However, the evaluation of such solutions remains a complex and little explored task. One of the critical issues is the difficulty of generating and having sufficient reference data to conduct relevant evaluations. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a new validation tool to evaluate the performances and error levels of different perception solutions, while minimizing the manual annotations. With this tool, it will be possible to lead benchmark studies on different solutions based on common criteria. The development of this tool is split into two main parts: the automated production of reference data and the evaluation method of the tested perception solutions
Korall, Claudine. "La sémiologie des rêves dans la littérature en ancien français, XI-XIII siècles : stratégies des non-dits et discours d'insoumission." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0140.
Our study focuses on the means by which a person expresses his ideas or knowledge, without exposing himself to criticism or to the displeasure from authority figures, while still being able to speak out. Researches on "enunciation", "the implicit", the act of conversation and the interactions m human commumcation have guided us to the definition of analytical parameters that enable us to expose the various mechanisms of covert discourse", and expose the "clues" and "hints" that help us to trace them in oral or written discourse,. A methodology of covert discourse. Our approach for this thesis relies on researches in semiology; cognitive science; linguistics; historical and literary anthropology. We operate within and at the crossroads of those fields. We have used these innovative methods to investigate a corpus of medieval and biblical dream tales. The explored texts contain both the themes of our interest: the use of inferences and covert discourse as a tool to redefine one’s freedom of speech, and relations with figures of authority: By its very nature, this narrative type of the "dream tale" calls for interpretation, and is clearly intended to possess multiple meanings addressed to different audiences. Therefore it suits well to the production of covert meanings that the reader or listener is invited to decipher and recompose. We revisited the dream tales of female or male dreamers, and the author's usage of these sequences in his work: the pragmatics of the “dream tale” We observed that the author of this shifted discourse, an utterance of unsubmissiveness, recovers his freedom of speech when facing a figure of authonty by knowing that he did not stay silent
Dubois, Boucheraud Simon. "Écritures du moi, genèse et créativité : les mises en scène d'Anaïs Nin (1931-1942)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30034/document.
To camouflage her past, dissemble about her adulterous affairs, and conceal consensual incest with her father and a lifetime of brazen lies, the « selected pieces » that Anaïs Nin offers to readers as her Diary, as of 1966, bear only a tangential relationship to the manuscripts. Even the so-called unexpurgated diary, published posthumously and based on the typescripts that Nin made of her diaries, contains significant revisions and emendations. Among the hundred and ten-odd volumes of a protean, handwritten diary, this study brings to the fore what remains, but also what was added, leading us to question whether the resulting document can truly be called a « diary ». In attempting to capture her ever-elusive self, Nin composed her life, and even in the manuscripts, the imaginary played a great part in that process. From a vast corpus examined at UCLA and Northwestern university, this study focuses on the period from the beginning of The Diary (as distinct from The Early Diary), till Nin publishes The Winter of Artifice (1939, and 1942), a fictionalization of her life at a time when publishing the diary was impossible. This piece is also an attempt to deal with—and, Nin hoped, vanquish—the lingering conflict of the diary with time and that of the woman with her father. Comparing the drafts of this work, revised by Henry Miller, with the handwritten diaries and the anthumously and posthumously published versions enables us to fully seize the extent of Nin’s rewriting and self-censorship, as well as the scope of a creative approach which amounts to many stagings of the self that the diarist would later legitimatize by making Otto Rank’s psychoanalytical principles her own
Meiser, Heidrun. "L'hypocrisie de Molière à Marivaux." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040272.
Glacet, Astrid. "Les identités mensongères : Victor Segalen, Romain Gary, Agota Kristof." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0009.