Dissertations / Theses: 'Verb argument structure'

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Theakston, Anna L. "Investigation into the early acquisition of verb-argument structure." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488203.

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This study examines the early acquisition of verb-argument structure within the theoretical frameworks of both nativist and empiricist approaches to language acquisition. The aim is to evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of each approach and establish to what extent each approach provides an accurate description of the developmental data. Data collect ion took the form of naturalistic audio-tape recordings of individual mother-child dyads engaged in normal everyday interaction. Twelve predominantly middle-class families took parr in the study. The children are all first-borns and monolingual. At the beginning of the study. the children were aged between 21-24 months with MLUs of between 1.00-2.50. Each child was taped for two separate hours in each three week period for the duration of one year. In total, 395 hours of data were collected. The data was transcribed in CHAT format using the CHILDES system of transcription (MacWhinney. 1995). Three separate analyses were carried out to assess the role of performance limitations in the acquisition of verb-argument structure (Valian, 1991), the role of semantically simple or 'light' verbs in early speech (Pinker. 1989). and the development of argument structure from a constructivist perspective (Tomasello, 1992). In all cases, the method of analysis used was fine-grained and operated at the lexical level rather than at the level of abstract grammatical classes. The findings of these studies suggest that analysis at the general level, as adopted by nativist ihcorixts, typically results in children being credited with an abstract knowledge of grammatical categories and rules which is not supported by fine-grained analysis of [he data. When the data is examined at the lexical level. there is evidence to suggest that children acquire verb-argument structure in a lexically-specific manner based around individual verbs and other lexical items. Thus. in no sense do children show evidence of operating with innate grammatical knowledge. Furthermore, the particular verbs and structures the children acquire early in development are closely related to the verbs and structures used by their mothers. with frequency of use playing a particularly important role. These findings suggest that children are unlikely to learn language guided by innate grammatical knowledge of the type assumed by nativist theorists. Instead. it is proposed that the process of language acquisition may depend on a distributional processor which is sensitive to the distributional regularities of the input. This process would predict that children will first learn lexically-specific patterns of high frequency in the input. and only over time will children come to acquire the more complex grammatical classes assumed to exist in adult language.

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McCann, Clare. "Verb production in fluent aphasia : an analysis of argument structure and event structure." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414617.

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Perek, Florent. "Verbs, Constructions, Alternations : Usage-based perspectives on argument realization." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30036.

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L’objectif général de la présente thèse est d’évaluer dans quelle mesure la grammaire des verbes, aussi appelée complémentation verbale, peut être basée sur l’usage de la langue. La linguistique de l’usage (usage-based approach) constitue un récent changement de paradigme dans les sciences du langage, qui défend l’idée que la grammaire est un inventaire dynamique d’unités symboliques qui émergent et sont constamment redéfinies par l’usage de la langue. En adoptant une approche constructionnelle de la complémentation verbale et sur la base de données de l’anglais, nous traitons la question de la relation entre la grammaire des verbes et leur usage à trois niveaux d’organisation.Au niveau des verbes, nous comparons des résultats expérimentaux à des données de corpus, et trouvons que les plus fréquentes valences d’un verbe sont traitées plus facilement, ce qui montre que la valence est basée sur l’usage. Au niveau des constructions, nous montrons que, dans le cas de la construction conative, il est possible de formuler le sens d’une construction sur la base du sens des verbes en se plaçant au niveau de classes sémantiques, mais moins facilement au niveau le plus abstrait. Nous considérons ceci comme une preuve supplémentaire de l’importance des schémas de bas niveau sur les généralisations abstraites. Au niveau des alternances, nous suggérons que la productivité verbale peut être basée sur des relations d’alternances. Nous montrons que l’alternance dative présente une asymétrie en productivité, et que cette asymétrie peut être expliquée par des différences correspondantes en termes du nombre de verbes utilisés dans chaque construction The general goal of this thesis is to investigate to what extent the grammar of verbs, also called argument realization, can be based on linguistic usage. The usage-based approach is a recent paradigm shift in linguistics which takes the view that grammar is a dynamic inventory of symbolic conventions that emerges through, and is likewise shaped by, actual language use. Adopting a constructional approach to argument structure and on the basis of English data, we address the question of the usage basis of argument realization at three levels of organization.At the level of verbs, we compare experimental results to usage data, and find that more frequent valency patterns of a verb are processed more easily. These findings provide evidence for the usage basis of valency. At the level of constructions, we show that, in the case of the conative construction, it is possible to formulate constructional generalizations on the basis of verbal meaning at the level of semantically defined verb classes, but not so easily at the most abstract level. We take this as further evidence of the importance of lower-level schemas over broad generalizations. At the level of alternations, we present usage-based evidence that productivity can be based on alternation relations. We report that the dative alternation displays a productivity asymmetry, and we show that these differences can be explained by corresponding asymmetries in type frequencies

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Nasika, Fani. "Verb Argument Structure Effects on Tense : Evidence form Aphasia in Greek." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519872.

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Rosen, Sara Thomas. "Argument structure and complex predicates." New York : Garland publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35690826v.

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Gil, Vallejo Lara. "Exploiting verb similarity for event modelling." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668907.

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Aquest treball s'emmarca en l'àmbit del processament del llenguatge natural. Té l'objectiu d'explorar el potencial de la similitud verbal i, més concretament, de les classificacions verbals, a l'hora de capturar i modelitzar la informació bàsica relacionada amb l'expressió d'esdeveniments en espanyol. La tesi s'articula entorn de dos estudis que examinen la capacitat que té la similitud verbal de modelitzar la informació relativa als participants en esdeveniments. En primer lloc, elaborem una anàlisi de la similitud verbal amb relació a l'estructura argumental. Amb aquesta finalitat, partim de tres perspectives que tracten aquest tema: la lingüística teòrica, la lingüística de corpus i la psicolingüística, i analitzem com cadascuna defineix la similitud entre els verbs. Aquesta anàlisi ens serveix per a definir un conjunt de característiques lingüístiques i configuracions que s'apliquen en el segon estudi. Aquest estudi consisteix en la creació d'una classificació automàtica de sentits verbals amb l'ús d'un algorisme de clusterització (clustering). L'objectiu d'aquesta classificació és capturar l'estructura argumental dels verbs i reflectir-la en les classes, de tal manera que permeti modelitzar els participants en els esdeveniments expressats pels verbs. Les troballes ens permeten afirmar que la classificació verbal organitza la informació de manera que és capaç d'acomodar diferents aspectes de l'estructura argumental. Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del ámbito del procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Su objetivo es explorar el potencial de la similitud verbal y, más concretamente, de las clasificaciones verbales, a la hora de capturar y modelizar la información básica relacionada con la expresión de acontecimientos en español. La tesis se articula en torno a dos estudios que examinan la capacidad de la similitud verbal para modelizar la información relativa a los participantes en acontecimientos. En primer lugar, elaboramos un análisis de la similitud verbal con relación a la estructura argumental. Para ello tomamos tres perspectivas que tratan este tema: la lingüística teórica, lingüística de corpus y la psicolingüística, y analizamos de qué modo cada una de ellas define la similitud entre los verbos. Este análisis nos sirve para definir un conjunto de características lingüísticas y configuraciones que se aplican en el segundo estudio. Este estudio consiste en la creación de una clasificación automática de sentidos verbales usando un algoritmo de agrupamiento (clustering). El objetivo de esta clasificación es capturar la estructura argumental de los verbos y reflejarla en las clases, de tal manera que permita modelizar a los participantes en los acontecimientos expresados por los verbos. Los hallazgos nos permiten afirmar que la clasificación verbal organiza la información de manera que es capaz de acomodar diferentes aspectos de la estructura argumental. This paper aims to explore the potential of verb similarity, and more specifically of verb classifications, when it comes to capturing and modelling basic information related to events expressed in Spanish. The research is based on two studies that examine verb similarity's ability to model event participant information. We first perform a study of verb similarity with respect to argument structure, looking at its relevant characteristics through the lens of three different perspectives: linguistic theory, corpus linguistics and psycholinguistics. Based on this analysis, we choose the features and configurations to be explored in order to create an automatic classification of verb senses using a clustering algorithm. The aim of this automatic classification is to capture the argument structure of the verbs and apply it to the classifications in a way that allows us to adequately model the participants in the events expressed by those verbs. The evaluations carried out for this verb classification confirm automatic classifications' ability to capture and infer relevant information related to participants in events.

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McPherson, Leslie M. (Leslie Margaret). "Identifying verbs early in language learning : the roles of action and argument structure." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39964.

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This dissertation describes and evaluates a thesis about the means of identifying verbs early in learning a language, and a first language in particular. The thesis is presented briefly in the first section. The second section provides a critical review of theories about children's early part-of-speech identifications. Section 3 presents a new theory of verb identification. I argue that learners initially identify members of a category, predicator, that subsumes verbs and adjectives. Predicators have argument structures. Learners identify a predicator through an inference that the word must take noun-phrase arguments because the phrase containing the word is interpreted into a nonseparable phenomenon--a property or relation that exists or occurs only by virtue of one or more individuals (i.e., the bearers of the property, or the participants in the relation), the referent(s) of the argument(s). Actions are prototypical of that which is nonseparable (being dependent for their realisation upon one or more participants), and so words for actions will usually be identified as predicators. This tendency will be augmented when an unfamiliar predicator appears in an utterance with its one or more noun-phrase arguments, and the noun phrases are interpretable (by the learner) into the one or more individuals that are the participants in an ongoing action (or other nonseparable phenomenon); under these conditions, the learner should readily divine that the novel word is a predicator and the noun phrases are its arguments. These conjectures form the nonseparability hypothesis. To identify verbs in particular, a learner must first discover a distinction between verbs and adjectives, where it exists in a language, through distributional analyses within phrases. Subsequently, details of syntax and morphology will reveal to the learner a predicator's subcategory (verb or adjective). Section 4 contains reviews of literatures that provide support, in varying degree, for the theor

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BARBIERI, ELENA. "An investigation of argument structure processing in normal and aphasic participants: a test of the argument structure coplexity hypothesis (Thompson 2003)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28809.

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The study was conducted so as to test the mental organization of verb argument structure (VAS) and the generalization of the predictions based on the Argument Structure Complexity Hypothesis (ASCH; Thompson, 2003), which explains the pattern of impairment of the agrammatic patients’ verb production as a function of the argument structure complexity, i.e. both in terms of the number of arguments taken by a verb (transitive vs. unergative verbs) and of the presence of syntactic movement (unaccusative vs. unergative verbs). The aim was i) to test the effect of the number of arguments in a task tapping lemma access bypassing overt production, in both neurologically unimpaired (Experiment 1 and 2) and aphasic participants (Experiment 3), and ii) to test the effect both of the number of arguments and of syntactic movement in a patient with deep dyslexia (Experiment 4). Moreover, an additional goal was to inform about the deficit underlying the verbspecific impairment that characterizes nonfluent aphasia, by testing the hypothesis of a defective lemma access as compared to a deficit at the level of grammatical encoding (Experiment 3). A third goal was to test the assumption of a separate level of representation for semantic and VAS information, as suggested by models of contemporary psycholinguistics (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 2 and 3 participants were asked to perform a sentence completion task by choosing among two verb options that differed either in the VAS (unergative vs. two-place transitive verb) or in the verb semantic content (Condition 2 of Experiment 2 only). Experiment 4 provided instead a deep dyslexic patient with a word naming task that was performed both on verbs belonging to different categories (unergative, unaccusative, transitive) and on nouns. Results from Experiment 1, 2 and 3 demonstrate that access to VAS information is faster (for healthy subjects) and easier (for aphasic patients) for unergative than for transitive verbs, thus suggesting the possibility that the ASCH more generally reflects an aspect of normal language processing. In addition, results from Experiment 4 offer support only to the first prediction of the ASCH, suggesting that the effect of the number of arguments and the effect of syntactic movement arise at different level of processing. Finally, data from Experiment 2 demonstrate that VAS and semantic information can be accessed independently, in line with models of contemporary psycholinguistics.

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Spagnol, Michael [Verfasser]. "A Tale of Two Morphologies : verb structure and argument alternations in Maltese / Michael Spagnol." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017360529/34.

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Silva, Ivan Rocha da. "A estrutura argumental da língua karitiana: desafios descritivos e teóricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-12092012-120027/.

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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo descrever a estrutura argumental da língua Karitiana (grupo Tupi, família Arikém, aproximadamente 400 falantes) em uma perspectiva descritiva e teórica. Nesse trabalho, buscou-se o desafio de descrever as classes verbais da língua com base em uma teoria formal: a teoria de estrutura argumental de Hale e Keyser (2002). O trabalho encontra-se dividido em duas partes. Na parte I, descreve-se a morfossintaxe das classes verbais. Na parte II, foram analisadas, em termos de estrutura argumental, as evidências morfossintáticas notadas no padrão verbal. A segunda parte, ainda, oferece uma análise preliminar para a estrutura passiva impessoal em Karitiana, dentro da teoria Gerativa. A transitivização, a passivização, a construção de cópula e o padrão de concordância funcionam como evidências morfossintáticas para descrever classes verbais na língua. Todos os verbos intransitivos podem ser afetados pela causativização sintética (transitivização) através de um morfema causativo que permite a adição de um argumento externo (o sujeito agente ou causa) a uma sentença intransitiva, tornando-a transitiva. Através do morfema de passiva impessoal em Karitiana, é possível transformar um verbo biargumental em monoargumental, apagando o sujeito original da sentença transitiva. O morfema de passiva é adicionado apenas a um verbo minimamente biargumental ou a um verbo intransitivo que tenha sido antes transitivizado via . A construção de cópula nesta língua apresenta uma estrutura bioracional (S Copula minioração) em que a cópula toma como complemento uma minioração. No núcleo desta minioração, pode entrar apenas um verbo intransitivo, um adjetivo ou um nome. O padrão de concordância ergativo-absolutiva é o último diagnóstico utilizado como evidência de valência na língua. Com base nestas evidências, foram descritas três classes verbais: uma classe de verbos intransitivos (formada por 3 subclasses: composta de intransitivos comuns, de intransitivos com objeto oblíquo e sujeito experienciador e, por último, a subclasse de intransitivos locativos), uma classe de verbos transitivos e uma terceira classe composta por verbos bitransitivos. Esta última tem um objeto direto com papel semântico ALVO e um objeto indireto, marcado obliquamente (com a posposição ty) com papel TEMA. Os verbos intransitivos com objeto oblíquo apresentam um comportamento especial, comportando-se, morfossintaticamente e em termos de alternância, como os demais intransitivos, mas projetando em sua estrutura um complemento oblíquo, o que leva a considerar que eles são sintaticamente intransitivos e semanticamente transitivos. Concluimos que todos os verbos intransitivos nesta língua têm o comportamento de verbos inacusativos do tipo alternante. Na proposta de Hale e Keyser, os verbos são formados, estrutural e hierarquicamente, a partir de duas estruturas básicas (monádica e diádica) nucleadas pelos núcleos verbais (V1 e V2). Deste modo, os verbos do Karitiana descritos como intransitivos são analisados como verbos diádicos compostos, em conformidade com suas propriedades alternantes. Os verbos intransitivos com objeto oblíquo e aqueles verbos intransitivos locativos foram analisados como verbos diádicos compostos com complemento oblíquo (P-complemento). Os verbos bitransitivos são analisados como diádicos básicos. Apenas os verbos transitivos em Karitiana podem ser analisados como verbos monádicos. This masters thesis aims to describe the argument structure in Karitiana (Tupi branch, Arikém family, about 400 speakers) both in a theoretical and in a descriptive perspective. In this work, the challenge is to describe the verb classes identified in Karitiana in the formal theory of argument structure proposed by Hale and Keyser (2002). The work is divided in two parts. In Part I, the morphosyntax of the verb classes is described. In Part II, the verb patterns were analyzed in terms of their argument structure. Still in this part, a preliminary analysis of the structure of the impersonal passive is presented, inside the Generativist framework. All instransitive verbs may be affected by the synthetic causativization (transitivization) in which a causative morpheme allows the addition of an external argument (the subject) to an intransitive sentence, transitivizing it. By the use of the impersonal passive in Karitiana it is possible to turn a bi-argumental verb into a mono-argumental one, causing the demotion of the initial subject and the promotion of the initial object to subject of the passive. The passive morpheme is added only to a transitive verb or to an intransitive verb which has been first transitivized via . The copular construction in Karitiana presents a biclausal structure (Subject + copular verb + small clause) in which the copular verb selects a small clause as its complement. Copular verbs can only select complements headed by nouns, adjectives or intransitive verbs. If a transitive verb is added to the head of the small clause, the sentence is ungrammatical. However, if a transitive verb has undergone a passivization process via , that verb may be the head of the small clause. The ergative-absolutive agreement pattern is also used as evidence of valency in Karitiana. Based on this evidence, three verbal classes were described: a large class of intransitive verbs (with three subclasses, one of common intransitive verbs, another of intransitive verbs with oblique objects and experiencer subjects, and one of intransitive locatives), a class of transitive verbs, and a third class of ditransitive verbs. The latter presents a direct object with the semantic role GOAL, whereas the indirect object is a THEME, marked as oblique (with the postposition ty). These intransitive verbs with an oblique object are part of a special subclass of intransitives because they behave, in terms of morphosyntax and valency, as other intransitive verbs, but they also project in their structure an oblique complement; it seems to be the case that they are syntactically intransitive and semantically transitive. We conclude that all intransitive verbs in Karitiana have the behavior of unaccusative verbs that may alternate. In Hale and Keysers proposal, verbs are formed, in structural and hierachical terms, from two basic structures (monadic and dyadic) headed by the verbal heads (V1 and V2). Thus, the Karitiana verbs described as common intransitives are analyzed as dyadic because of their alternation properties. The intransitives with oblique objects and the locative intransitives were analyzed as composite dyadic with oblique complements (P-complements). The ditransitive verbs are analyzed as basic dyadic, and only the transitive verbs in Karitiana may be analyzed as projecting monadic argument structures.

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Costa, Jéssica Clementino da. "A estrutura argumental da língua Dâw." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-30092014-175441/.

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Esta dissertação descreve e analisa a estrutura argumental e as classes verbais da língua Dâw (família Nadahup, Amazonas). Estudamos os verbos dessa língua do ponto de vista semântico e sintático, identificando classes e subclasses de acordo com o comportamento morfossintático das raízes verbais. Além disso, avaliamos as hipóteses descritivas e explicativas das classes verbais identificadas por Martins (2004), primeira pesquisadora a abordar a morfossintaxe Dâw. Nosso arcabouço teórico é a teoria de estrutura argumental desenvolvida por Hale & Keyser (2002), que propõe uma análise da sintaxe e da semântica dos itens lexicais por meio da estrutura argumental sistema de relações estruturais estabelecidas entre o núcleo e seus argumentos, dentro de estruturas sintáticas projetadas pelo próprio núcleo. Por meio de testes linguísticos variados, incluindo alternância de valência e julgamento de (a)gramaticalidade, reclassificamos as nove classes verbais identificadas por Martins (2004) em três classes de acordo com a valência do verbo: classe dos verbos intransitivos, classe dos verbos transitivos e classe dos verbos bitransitivos. Martins (2004) afirma que, na sentença, os verbos podem mudar de tom devido à presença de um morfema tonal transitivizador ou intransitivizador. Contudo, mostramos neste trabalho que o sistema tonal da língua, no nível da sentença, é previsível. Desse modo, independentemente do processo de aumento de valência envolvido, percebemos que a mudança tonal dos verbos decorre devido ao fraseamento fonológico das sentenças. Quanto ao processo de transitivização, este identificou subclasses de verbos intransitivos: verbos alternantes e verbos nãoalternantes. As restrições de alternância devem-se à estrutura argumental de cada tipo verbal. No caso dos verbos intransitivos alternantes ou inacusativos, observamos que eles são formados a partir de estrutura diádica composta, que projeta um especificador interno e um complemento, o que lhe permite alternar entre uma forma intransitiva e transitiva. No caso dos verbos não-alternantes encontramos três padrões: verbos denominais e inergativos, formados a partir de uma estrutura argumental monádica (que não projeta especificador interno), o que impede a alternância; verbos inacusativos nãoalternantes, formados a partir de uma estrutura monádica que toma como complemento uma estrutura diádica básica verbos desse tipo não alternam, pois eles não são formados por uma estrutura diádica, mas contêm tal estrutura; e ve b s e jetiv is, formados a partir de uma cópula que toma como complemento um adjetivo. Uma vez que raiz e núcleo verbal possuem conteúdo fonológico pleno (não vazio), não é possível fazer conflation entre núcleo e raiz, o que impede que o predicado verbal seja formado. Essa estrutura explica a agramaticalidade desses verbos frente ao processo de transitivização automática. Também testamos a sintaxe e a semântica da intransitivização (construções incoativas, voz passiva, reflexiva e média). De modo geral, percebemos que não há morfologia específica para a construção de sentenças médias, incoativas ou anticausativas. Não existem passivas em Dâw; no lugar desta voz, os falantes produzem sentenças incoativas ou com o sujeito subespecificado. As sentenças reflexivas são geradas por meio de pronomes reflexivos na posição de objeto da sentença. Por fim, vimos que objetos diretos de sentenças transitivas são marcados pelo morfema {-uuy\'} analisados por nós como MDO. Sua aplicação está condicionada a restrições semânticas de definitude e animacidade This thesis describes and analyzes the argument structure and verbal classes of the Dâw language (Nadahup family, Amazon). We studied the verbs of that language from the semantic and syntactic perspective, identifying classes and subclasses according to the morphosyntactic behavior of verbal roots. Furthermore, we evaluated the descriptive and explanatory hypotheses of verb classes identified by Martins (2004), the first researcher to address Dâw morphosyntax. Our theoretical framework is the theory of argument structure developed by Hale & Keyser (2002), which proposes an analysis of the syntax and semantics of lexical items by means of the argument structure the pattern of structural relations between the head and its arguments within syntactical structures projected by the head itself. Through various language tests, including verbal valency alternation and judgment of (a)grammaticality, we reclassified the nine verb classes identified by Martins (2004) into three classes according to the verbal valency: the classes of intransitive verbs, transitive verbs and bitransitive verbs. Martins (2004) states that, in the sentence, the verbs may change in tone due to the presence of a transitivizing or intransitivizing tonal morpheme. However, we show in this paper that the tonal system of the language is predictable at the sentence level. Thus, regardless of the valency-increasing process involved, we realized that the tonal change of verbs arises due to the phonological phrasing of sentences. Regarding the transitivization process, subclasses of intransitive verbs were identified: alternating and non-alternating verbs. The restrictions on alternation are due to the argument structure of each verb type. In the case of unaccusative or alternating intransitive verbs, we observed that they are formed from a composite dyadic structure, projecting an internal specifier and a complement, which allows them to switch between intransitive and transitive forms. In the case of non-alternating verbs we found three patterns: denominal and unergative verbs, based on a monadic argument structure (that does not project internal specifier) that prevents alternation; non-alternating unaccusative verbs based on a monadic structure that takes a basic dyadic structure as a complement verbs of this type do not alternate because they are not formed by a dyadic structure, but contain such a structure n e jectiv l ve bs, f me f m c p l ve b th t t kes n jective s complement. Since the root and verbal head have full (non-empty) phonological content, no conflation is possible between head and root, which prevents the formation of the verbal predicate. This structure explains the agrammaticality of these verbs with regard to the automatic transitivization process. We also tested the syntax and semantics of intransitivization (inchoative constructions, passive, reflexive and middle voices). In general, we found that there is no specific morphology for constructing middle, inchoative or anticausative sentences. There are no passives in Dâw; in place of this voice, the speakers form sentences that are inchoative or have a subspecified subject. Reflexive sentences are created using reflexive pronouns in the position of the object of the sentence. Finally, we found that direct objects of transitive sentences are marked by the {-uuy\'} morpheme analyzed by us as DOM. Its use is subject to semantic constraints of definiteness and animacy

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Simon-Cereijido, Gabriela. "Verb argument structure deficits in Spanish-speaking preschoolers with specific language impairment who are English language learners." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3344746.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 3, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-131).

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Castilho, Thaís Dias de. "Análise sintático-semântica do verbo stellen com ênfase no seu uso como verbo-suporte: um estudo com base na gramática de construções." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-02022018-125843/.

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A presente pesquisa está inserida nos estudos com base na Gramática de Construções Cognitiva, e tem por objetivo realizar um mapeamento sintático-semântico do verbo stellen, com ênfase em seu uso como verbo-suporte. Para a realização desse mapeamento, analisou-se contextos de uso do verbo stellen em que ele ocorre como verbo pleno, como integrante de construções com verbo-suporte e de outros fraseologismos que se inserem nas fronteiras com essas construções. A análise dos dados está baseada na abordagem construcional de Goldberg (1995 e 2006), para quem construções são definidas como pareamentos entre forma e significado. A autora se foca em um tipo específico de construção as chamadas construções de estrutura argumental que seriam, por si só, portadoras de sentido, independentemente de outros itens lexicais que compõem as sentenças. No que diz respeito à análise da estrutura argumental das construções com verbo-suporte (doravante CVS), levamos em conta os trabalhos de Wittenberg e Piñango (2011), Rostila (2011) e Wittenberg (2016). A metodologia adotada baseou-se na elaboração de um corpus composto por informações retiradas de entradas de dicionários em língua alemã e por excertos de textos retirados do Arquivo Wikipedia Artikel und Diskussionen, fornecido pelo banco dados COSMAS II, do Institut für Deutsche Sprache, da Universidade de Mannheim. Os resultados obtidos com o estudo aqui realizado confirmam o princípio da economia semântica postulado pela Gramática de Construções, já que os sentidos atribuídos tradicionalmente ao verbo stellen, são, na verdade, resultado da instanciação do verbo nas construções argumentais que ele pode integrar, são elas, a Construção de Movimento Causado, a Construção Transitiva, a Construção Resultativa e a Construção Bitransitiva. Os resultados da análise das CVS deverbais indicam que o sentido dessas construções é influenciado pela estrutura argumental tanto do verbo-suporte, quanto do componente nominal, em um processo de partilha de argumentos. Além disso, foram encontradas no corpus CVS formadas por stellen que, por serem altamente lexicalizadas, são consideradas unidades armazenadas como um todo no Léxico. This master\'s dissertation belongs to the studies of Cognitive Construction Grammar and aims to demonstrate a sintatic and semantic investigation of the light verb stellen. Thus, the verb was analyzed in contexts, in which the verb stellen is a fullverb and as a component of light verb constructions and other phraseologies, which are considered as borderline cases of such constructions. This analysis was carried out following Goldberg\'s perspective (1995). The author assumes that the constructions are defined as form-meaning pairs and are considered as the fundamental unit of grammar. Goldberg argues, that constructions, disregarding their verbal meaning, are the significant components because of the Argument Structure. The analysis of the Argument Structure of the light verb constructions is based on the scientific researches of Rostila (2011), Wittenberg and Piñango (2011) and Wittenberg (2016).After all, this analysis is described as qualitative and based on corpus. For the creation of the corpus, examples were used from German dictionaries as well as dictionaries for German as a foreign language. Besides, references of the archive Wikipedia Artikel und Diskussionen of the IDS COSMAS II database of texts of the University of Mannheim were collected.The results confirm the principle of the semantic economy because the meanings, that are traditionally assing to the verb stellen, can be understood as the result of the relations between verb and four argument structure construciotns: The Caused Motion Construction, the Transitive Construction, the Resultative Construction and the Ditransitive Construction. Hence, the results of the analysis of non-deverbal light verb constructions suggest that both the argument structure of the light verb and the argument structure of the nominal element influence the entire meaning of the construction within a process of argument-sharing. In the corpus, there were other examples of light verb constructions with the verb stellen, of which its nominal component had no separate Argument Structure. Those light verb constructions are highly lexicalized and therefore included in the lexicon as a whole.

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Inagaki, Shunji. "Transfer and learnability in second language argument structure : motion verbs with locationaldirectional PPs in L2 English and Japanese." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38492.

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This thesis investigates how the outcomes of the acquisition of second language (L2) argument structure will vary depending on the nature of the learner's first language (L1). The focus is on motion verbs appearing with a prepositional/postpositional phrase that expresses the final endpoint of the motion (goal PP). In English, manner-of-motion verbs (e.g., walk ) and directed motion verbs (e.g., go) can appear with a goal PP as in John walked (went ) to school. In contrast, Japanese allows only directed motion verbs to occur with a goal PP. Thus, Japanese motion verbs with goal PPs form a subset of their English counterparts. I propose an analysis of these crosslinguistic differences in terms of different incorporation patterns in lexical-syntax (Hale & Keyser, 1993). L1 transfer and learnability considerations (White, 1991b), then, lead me to hypothesize that Japanese-speaking learners of English will be able to acquire the L2 representation on the basis of positive evidence, but that English-speaking learners of Japanese will have difficulty acquiring the L2 representation due to the lack of positive data motivating the restructuring of the L1 representation to the L2. A series of experiments tested these hypotheses using grammaticality judgment and picture-matching tasks. Results in general supported this prediction, suggesting that whether the L1 constitutes a subset of the L2 or vice versa indeed affects the outcomes of L2 argument structure. The results indicate full involvement of L1 and UG in L2 acquisition, thus supporting the Full-Transfer/Full-Access model of L2 acquisition (Schwartz & Sprouse, 1994).

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Mangcunyana, Mteteleli Nelson. "Uhlalutyo lwesemantiki yelekhisikoni yesenzi sentshukumo u-hamba kwisiXhosa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1684.

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Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. This study explores semantic analysis of motion verb-hamba in IsiXhosa. In chapter 1 I have stated the aim of the study. I have discussed properties related to the lexical semantic analysis of the verb-hamba as well as Pustejovsky’s theory of the Generative Lexicon. The theoretical framework and the organization of study are also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 2 addresses in more detail the type system for semantics. A generative theory of the lexicon includes multiple levels of representation for different types of lexical information needed. These levels include Argument Structure, Event Structure, Qualia Structure and Lexical Inherent Structure. In this chapter there is a more detailed structure of the qualia and the role they play in distributing the functional behavior of words and phrases in composition. In chapter 3 I have examined the lexical semantic analysis of the verb-hamba to account for the range of selectional properties of the NP phrase subject argument of the verb-hamba and various interpretations that arise in terms of composition with its complement arguments. The polysemous behavior of the verb-hamba is examined in sentence alternation constructions with respect to the properties of the event structure. I have also investigated the lexical representation in terms of argument structure and the event structure of the verb-hamba in different sentences. Chapter 4 is the conclusion, summarizing the findings of all the previous chapters in this study on lexical semantic analysis of the motion verb-hamba in IsiXhosa. This is followed by word lists that contain meanings of words in the context in which they are used.

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Delhem, Romain. "Verbes labiles et schémas de complémentation en anglais." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL068.

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Dans le cadre des approches constructionistes, cette thèse étudie les verbes labiles de l’anglais, qui peuvent manifester des configurations syntaxiques variées sans changer de forme. L’étude de la complémentation de ces verbes montre que leur catégorisation en familles sémantiques est pertinente mais pas suffisante pour expliquer leur comportement. La thèse défend une approche syncrétique de la complémentation du verbe qui rend compte de son importante productivité et de ses limites parfois arbitraires. Une analyse montre que les verbes ont tous une configuration syntaxique par défaut, qui n’est pas signifiante et qui permet simplement au verbe d’exprimer ses arguments de façon non marquée, en accord avec certains principes de cohérence conceptuelle. À l’inverse, lorsque la complémentation du verbe a un apport sémantique identifiable, l’existence de schémas de complémentation pleinement signifiants est postulée. Il s’agit d’ensembles de compléments dont le sens est distinct de celui du verbe auquel ils sont associés et se retrouve de façon régulière avec des verbes de catégories diverses. Il est démontré que les schémas de complémentation doivent être considérés comme des unités linguistiques de plein droit de l’anglais. Cela implique qu’en synchronie, ces schémas sont emmagasinés par les locuteurs plutôt que le résultat d’un processus d’analogie avec des constructions existantes. Leur statut d’unité linguistique permet d’étudier leur sémantisme de la même façon que des unités lexicales plus classiques. S’ils sont en majorité polysémiques, certains schémas ont des emplois difficiles à relier sémantiquement et doivent donc être considérés comme des homonymes Within a constructionist framework, this thesis studies English labile verbs, which can enter into various syntactic configurations without changing form. A study of their complementation shows that categorizing them into semantic families is relevant but not sufficient to explain their behavior. The thesis defends a syncretic approach to verb complementation to that accounts for its important productivity and its sometimes arbitrary limits. It is shown that all verbs have a default syntactic configuration, which is not meaningful and which simply allows the verb to express its arguments in an unmarked way, in accordance with certain principles of conceptual coherence. Conversely, when the complementation of the verb has an identifiable semantic contribution, the existence of fully meaningful patterns of complementation is posited. These are defined as sets of complements, whose meaning is distinct from that of the verb with which they are associated and is found regularly with verbs of diverse categories. It is shown that patterns of complementation should be considered fully-fledged English linguistic units. This implies that synchronically, these patterns are mentally stored by speakers rather than the result of a process of analogy with existing constructions. Their status as linguistic units makes it possible to study their meaning in the same way as more classical lexical units. Although most of them are polysemic, some patterns of complementation exhibit uses that are difficult to link semantically and must therefore be viewed as homonyms

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Bassani, Indaiá de Santana. "Uma abordagem localista para morfologia e estrutura argumental dos verbos complexos (parassintéticos) do português brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19022014-104851/.

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O objeto empírico desta tese é um subgrupo de verbos complexos do português brasileiro. Os dados estudados são formações sincronicamente transparentes e composicionais com prefixos a-, eN- e eS- e sufixos -ec-, -iz-, -e- e -ej-, incluindo os chamados verbos parassintéticos, e formações originalmente complexas, porém duvidosas quanto à complexidade atualmente. O corpus contém 380 verbos selecionados a partir de dicionário e organizados por critérios de frequência. O objetivo geral descritivo enfoca questões relativas às propriedades e ao comportamento dos afixos, das raízes e das vogais temáticas. A discussão é organizada em torno dos níveis de estrutura morfológica, morfofonológica, argumental e eventual. O objetivo geral teórico do trabalho consiste em discutir as propostas da Semântica Lexical, da Sintaxe Lexical e da Morfologia Distribuída. Como resultados, o estudo oferece uma primeira classificação em verbos parcialmente transparentes e totalmente transparentes. Aqueles são analisados como fruto de um processo de reanálise histórica comparado ao desaparecimento de preverbos. O estudo mostra que existe um continuum entre formações completamente fossilizadas, reanalisadas como simples, em processo de mudança e completamente transparentes e composicionais. Uma segunda classificação se refere a formações com significado composicional e não-composicional. Os dados não-composicionais são estruturalmente analisados através de uma releitura da restrição de localidade na interpretação das raízes e do uso da noção de polissemia das raízes. Os verbos totalmente transparentes e composicionais são descritivamente classificados em verbos de mudança de estado, de lugar (location), de posse concreta (locatum), de posse abstrata, de reconfiguração e verbos de modificação de v. A característica mais robusta dessa subclasse é a obrigatoriedade de um argumento interno interpretado como objeto afetado (tema ou experienciador, em menor escala) da mudança expressa pelo evento. A investigação aponta que esses prefixos podem ser a realização fonológica de um núcleo misto de natureza lexical e funcional que é responsável por introduzir o argumento interno na estrutura e relacioná-lo à semântica da raiz. Tal núcleo possui minimamente o traço [+r] (relacional) e, em poucos casos, apresenta especificação direcional [+dir]. Com isso, a ideia de que esses prefixos são morfemas direcionais é desmistificada, pois essa informação interna ao verbo complexo é residual e decadente. Em geral, os prefixos se comportam como alomorfes e não há fortes evidências de associação exclusiva de um prefixo a uma determinada estrutura argumental ou classe semântica. Os sufixos são analisados como realizações de núcleos funcionais de tipo v[+voice], v[-voice] e v[+voice, -télico] e também se observa que a ocorrência sufixal em tipos de eventos não se dá de modo tão sistemático como afirma a literatura prévia. A teoria de alomorfia prospota em Embick (2010), baseada em localidade e linearidade, se mostra efetiva para analisar a escolha dos alomorfes dos vi núcleos R (relacionador), v e Th (Vogal temática). O tipo semântico da raiz influencia o tipo de verbo formado, mas pode ser manipulado a fim de sofrer coerção por um processo metonímico ou estrutural. A principal conclusão a partir dos resultados obtidos é que a morfologia verbal do português brasileiro pode revelar tendências em relação à estrutura argumental e a estrutura de eventos, mas não reflete correlações suficientemente regulares ou consistentes. The empirical object of this dissertation is a subgroup of complex verbs of Brazilian Portuguese. The dataset is composed by synchronically and compositional formations containing the prefixes a-, eN- e eS- and the suffixes -ec-, -iz-, -e- e -ej- and originally complex formations which are dubious in relation to its synchronic complexity. The corpus contains 380 verbs selected from a dictionary and organized by frequency criteria. The general descriptive goal encompasses topics on properties and behavior of affixes, roots and theme vowels and the discussion is guided by the levels of morphological, morphophonological, argument and event structure. The general theoretical goal of this dissertation is to discuss Lexical Semantics, Lexical Syntax and Distributed Morphology proposals. As empirical results, the study offers a primary classification in terms of partially and totally transparent verbs. Partially transparent verbs are treated as resulting from a historical reanalysis process compared to the well known process of disappearance of preverbs. It is assumed that there is a continuum from forms which are: 1) completely fossilized; 2) reanalyzed as simple; 3) forms in process of change; 4) completely compositional and transparent. A secondary classification refers to compositional and noncompositional formations. Non-compositional data are structurally analyzed by means of a new reading on the literature on locality restriction on the interpretation of roots and the use of the notion of root polysemy. Completely compositional and transparent verbs are empirically classified into change of state, change of location, change of abstract and concrete possession, reconfiguration and verbs of modification of v. The strongest characteristic of this subclass is the obligatory presence of an internal argument interpreted as an affected object (theme or experiencer, to a less extent) of the change denoted by the event. The investigation points out that the prefix may be considered as the phonological realization of a head with a mixed lexical functional nature, which is responsible for introducing the internal argument in the structure and relating it to the root semantics. This head has at least the feature [+r] and, in a few cases, it may present directional information [+dir]. Considering this, the assumption that these prefixes are directional morphemes is debunked since this kind of information within a complex verb is residual and decayed. In general, prefixes behave as allomorphs and there are not strong evidences of an exclusive association of a prefix and a certain kind of argument structure or semantic class. The suffixes are analyzed as realizations of three functional heads: v[+voice], v[-voice] and v[+voice, -telic] and it is observed that suffix occurrence in event type is not systematic as previous literature claims. The theory of allomorphy proposed in Embick (2010), which is based on locality and linearity, was efficient in accounting for selection of allomorphs of R, v and Th heads. Finally, semantic type shows influence on verb type but this information can be viii manipulated in order to derive structural or metonymical coercion. The main conclusion to be drawn from the results is the fact that Brazilian Portuguese verbal morphology may reveal certain tendencies in argument and event structure, but it does not reflect sufficiently regular or consistent correlations.

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Wandji, Tchami Ornella. "Analyse contrastive des verbes dans des corpus médicaux et création d’une ressource verbale de simplification de textes." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H015/document.

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Grâce à l’évolution de la technologie à travers le Web, la documentation relative à la santé est de plus en plus abondante et accessible à tous, plus particulièrement aux patients, qui ont ainsi accès à une panoplie d’informations sanitaires. Malheureusement, la grande disponibilité de l’information médicale ne garantit pas sa bonne compréhension par le public visé, en l’occurrence les non-experts. Notre projet de thèse a pour objectif la création d’une ressource de simplification de textes médicaux, à partir d’une analyse syntaxico-sémantique des verbes dans quatre corpus médicaux en français qui se distinguent de par le degré d’expertise de leurs auteurs et celui des publics cibles. La ressource conçue contient 230 patrons syntaxicosémantiques des verbes (appelés pss), alignés avec leurs équivalents non spécialisés. La méthode semi-automatique d’analyse des verbes appliquée pour atteindre notre objectif est basée sur quatre tâches fondamentales : l’annotation syntaxique des corpus, réalisée grâce à l’analyseur syntaxique Cordial (Laurent, Dominique et al, 2009) ; l’annotation sémantique des arguments des verbes, à partir des catégories sémantiques de la version française de la terminologie médicale Snomed Internationale (Côté, 1996) ; l’acquisition des patrons syntactico-sémantiqueset l’analyse contrastive du fonctionnement des verbes dans les différents corpus. Les patrons syntaxico-sémantiques des verbes acquis au terme de ce processus subissent une évaluation (par trois équipes d’experts en médecine) qui débouche sur la sélection des candidats constituant la nomenclature de la ressource de simplification. Les pss sont ensuite alignés avec leurs correspondants non spécialisés, cet alignement débouche sur le création de la ressource de simplification, qui représente le résultat principal de notre travail de thèse. Une évaluation du rendement du contenu de la ressource a été effectuée avec deux groupes d’évaluateurs : des linguistes et des non-linguistes. Les résultats montrent que la simplification des pss permet de faciliter la compréhension du sens du verbe en emploi spécialisé, surtout lorsque un certains paramètres sont réunis With the evolution of Web technology, healthcare documentation is becoming increasinglyabundant and accessible to all, especially to patients, who have access to a large amount ofhealth information. Unfortunately, the ease of access to medical information does not guaranteeits correct understanding by the intended audience, in this case non-experts. Our PhD work aimsat creating a resource for the simplification of medical texts, based on a syntactico-semanticanalysis of verbs in four French medical corpora, that are distinguished according to the levelof expertise of their authors and that of the target audiences. The resource created in thepresent thesis contains 230 syntactico-semantic patterns of verbs (called pss), aligned withtheir non-specialized equivalents. The semi-automatic method applied, for the analysis of verbs,in order to achieve our goal is based on four fundamental tasks : the syntactic annotation of thecorpora, carried out thanks to the Cordial parser (Laurent et al., 2009) ; the semantic annotationof verb arguments, based on semantic categories of the French version of a medical terminologyknown as Snomed International (Côté, 1996) ; the acquisition of syntactico-semantic patternsof verbs and the contrastive analysis of the verbs behaviors in the different corpora. Thepss, acquired at the end of this process, undergo an evaluation (by three teams of medicalexperts) which leads to the selection of candidates constituting the nomenclature of our textsimplification resource. These pss are then aligned with their non-specialized equivalents, thisalignment leads to the creation of the simplification resource, which is the main result of ourPhD study. The content of the resource was evaluated by two groups of people : linguists andnon-linguists. The results show that the simplification of pss makes it easier for non-expertsto understand the meaning of verbs used in a specialized way, especially when a certain set ofparameters is collected

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Valdeson, Fredrik. "Argumentstruktur i förändring : Verben sända och giva i fornsvenska och äldre nysvenska." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264113.

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Uppsatsen behandlar konstruktionsmönster vid de bitransitiva verben sända och giva i äldre fornsvenska, yngre fornsvenska och äldre nysvenska. I uppsatsen undersöks dels fördelningen mellan de fyra konstruktionsalternativen DAT-ACK, ACK-DAT, PP-ACK och ACK-PP för sända respektive giva under var och en av de undersökta perioderna, dels vilka semantiska och informationsstrukturella faktorer som ligger bakom valet av en viss konstruktionsvariant vid ett visst verb under en viss tidsperiod. Resultaten visar att för verbet sända föreligger inga signifikanta skillnader i fördelningen av konstruktionsalternativ mellan de tre tidsperioderna. Verbet konstrueras med ACK-PP i över hälften av fallen under alla tidsperioderna, medan DAT-ACK genomgående står för ungefär en tredjedel av beläggen. Verbet giva uppvisar däremot en signifikant minskad användning av ACK-DAT mellan yngre fornsvenska och äldre nysvenska, medan bruket av ACK-PP ökar under samma period. Mellan äldre fornsvenska och yngre fornsvenska ökar bruket av DAT-ACK, medan ACK-PP blir ovanligare. Båda dessa tendenser beror dock på en specifik användning av ACK-PP i Fornsvenska legendariet, och speglar förmodligen inte utvecklingen i språket som helhet. Vad gäller de informationsstrukturella faktorerna påverkar dessa valet av konstruktionstyp i stort sett som väntat, i så måtto att kortare, pronominella och definita led (dvs. informationsstrukturellt tematiska led) ofta placeras före längre, icke-pronominella och indefinita led (informationsstrukturellt rematiska). Analysen av de semantiska variablerna visade att DAT-ACK vid båda verben gynnas av animata m/m-argument (mottagare/mål) och abstrakta p/t-argument (patient/tema), medan ACK-PP å andra sidan gynnas av inanimata m/m-argument och konkreta p/t-argument. Vid verbet sända konstrueras DAT-ACK enbart med animata m/m-argument, medan verbet giva i äldre och yngre fornsvenska endast konstrueras med ACK-PP om m/m-argumentet är inanimat. En semantisk utvidgning av ACK-PP vid verbet giva uppstår emellertid i äldre nysvenska, där konstruktionsvarianten blir kompatibel även med animata m/m-argument. ACK-DAT är vid verbet giva vanligare när p/t-argumentet betecknar någonting konkret, vilket indikerar en semantisk uppdelning inte bara mellan dubbelobjektsvariant och prepositionsvariant utan även mellan de båda dubbelobjektsvarianterna DAT-ACK och ACK-DAT.

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Phasha, Maction Nkgoropo. "A lexical semantic analysis of selected verbs in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1157.

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Darteni, Silvia. "Italian parasynthetic verbs : argument structure." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080073/document.

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La thèse porte sur la structure argumentale des verbes parasynthétiques italiens. Elle s'intéresse En particulier à deux sous-groupes : les dénominaux dont la paraphrase est « faire devenir S », où S est le substantif de base (appelés BN); et les désadjectivaux dont la paraphrase est « faire quelque chose plus A », où A est l'adjective de base (appelés DPV). Les deux types de verbes posent des questions très différentes, mais liées à la question de la syntaxe lexicale : les premiers forment une construction seconde inattendue dans le domaine roman ; les deuxièmes peuvent générer deuxlectures aspectuelles (stative et événementiel) même en étant causatifs.La thèse s'ouvre avec des chapitres de caractère général. Le premier plaide pour une amélioration des méthodes de collecte de données dans le domaine génératif. Les deuxième et troisième chapitres décrivent les cadres formels pertinents ainsi que la parasynthèse.La première partie de la thèse porte sur les BN. Au moyen de tests conduits sur des locuteurs natifs de l'italien, elle affirme et analyse l'acceptabilité de la construction pseudo-résultative en italien. Cette enquête se poursuit par une comparaison avec les données du français, qui se comporte différemment. La deuxième partie s'ouvre avec une réflexion sur les diagnostics de la stativité, et se poursuit avec l'analyse des DPVs. En particulier, le concept de causalité stative est analysé et traduit dans la théorie de la causalité de force-dynamics.Enfin, une application au TALN des diagnostics de stativité est décrite dans le dernier chapitre. L'importance de l'identification précise de la stativité est éclaircie The present dissertation investigates the argument structure of two groups of Italian parasyntheticverbs: denominal verbs paraphrased as "make X become N", where N is the base noun (henceforth BN); adjectival verbs paraphrased as "make X more A", where A is the base adjective. The two groups present different issues linked to the lexical syntax, the former can participate in a secondary predication that is unexpected for Romance languages; the latter can receive two aspectual readings (stative and eventive) which are both causative.The dissertation starts with three chapters of general interest. The first one describes new experimental methods that can be employed in generative linguistics. The second and third one describe useful frameworks and the morphological process of parasynthesis.The first part of the dissertation analyses BNs. It is shown by means of several experiments that Italian native speakers accept the pseudo-resultative construction. Results of a comparative study with French are reported and show that French behaves differently to Italian in this respect.4The second part analyses stativity diagnostics and apply them in the study of DPVs. It gives account for the causal stativity in the force-dynamic framework.The last chapter applies stativity diagnostics in the natural language processing domain

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Moretti, Fabiana Cristina Baldim Lopes. "Os verbos de transferência/movimento no PB e a expressão do objeto indireto. Revisitando a noção de estrutura argumental à luz da morfologia distribuída." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-14062011-143152/.

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Os verbos que expressam eventos de transferência/movimento no PB são formados a partir de Raízes que envolvem, em sua semântica, um agente, um elemento transferido/movido e um recebedor/alvo. Geralmente, esses verbos formam construções sintáticas ditransitivas, em que o agente é expresso por meio do sujeito, o elemento transferido/movido por meio de um objeto direto e o recebedor/alvo por meio de um objeto indireto. Nesses contextos sintáticos, o objeto indireto tem suscitado, na literatura pertinente, algumas discussões sobre sua natureza, como: argumento ou adjunto, e, ainda, complemento dativo ou complemento oblíquo. Essas discussões demonstram a indefinição do estatuto sintático-semântico desse elemento para as teorias linguísticas. Entendemos que essas discussões estão ligadas à concepção de estrutura da gramática assumida pelos diferentes pesquisadores e, também, ao modo como estes entendem que as noções de estrutura argumental e de estrutura sintática interagem dentro dessa concepção. Em outras palavras, o debate surge, pois, na caracterização da relação gramatical do objeto indireto com o verbo, é fundamental que o pesquisador disponha de uma teoria da estrutura argumental que lhe permita estabelecer o mapeamento e o licenciamento dos argumentos na sintaxe. Assumimos, neste trabalho, a estrutura da gramática tal como esta é concebida pela Morfologia Distribuída (Distribuited Morphology, doravante, DM) (Halle & Marantz 1993). Segundo a DM, os morfemas são constituídos por traços sintáticosemânticos disponibilizados pela Gramática Universal. Os verbos consistem de morfemas-l (Raízes) em determinadas relações estruturais com morfemas-f, licenciadores de estruturas sintáticas de natureza verbal. Não pressupondo um mapeamento determinístico das propriedades semânticas das Raízes na sintaxe, a DM consegue explicar a possibilidade de um mesmo verbo ocorrer em mais de uma estrutura sintática, sem precisar recorrer, por exemplo, a duas entradas lexicais para esse mesmo verbo. Dessa forma, constitui-se em um modelo mais vantajoso para explicar fenômenos relacionados à estrutura argumental e à realização de argumentos do que modelos baseados na entrada lexical, o que justifica nossa opção teórica. Além disso, essa teoria nos permite participar das discussões mencionadas acima sobre o objeto indireto. Assumimos que esse elemento tem o estatuto de argumento dos verbos de transferência/movimento (VT/M) no PB, sendo um complemento dativo. Pressupostos como a inserção tardia de fonologia em Spell-Out (uma operação póssintática) e a subespecificação do item de vocabulário, assinaladas pela DM, dão conta de explicar os casos em que o objeto indireto não é realizado fonologicamente, ocorrendo na estrutura sintática como um argumento nulo anafórico ou como um argumento implícito sem referência anafórica, bem como os casos em que esse elemento não ocorre na estrutura sintática derivada pelo verbo dar. Verbs which express transfer/motion events in Brazilian Portuguese are formed by Roots that involve, in their semantics, an agent, a transferred/motioned element and a receiver/goal. In general, these verbs form ditransitive syntactic constructions, in which the agent is expressed through the subject, the transferred/motioned element through de direct object and the receiver/goal through the indirect object. In these syntactic contexts, the indirect object has aroused, in the relevant literature, some discussions about its nature: argument or adjunct, and, yet, dative complement or oblique complement. These discussions show the indefinition of the syntactic-semantic status of this element inside linguistic theories. We understand that these discussions are connected to the conception of grammar structure assumed by the different researchers, and, also, to the way they understand argument structure and syntactic structure interact inside this conception. In other words, the debate arises for, in the characterization of the grammatical relation of the indirect object with the verb, it is crucial that the researcher has an argument structure theory that allows him to establish the arguments mapping and licensing in syntax. In this research, we assume the Distributed Morphologys (DM) (Halle & Marantz 1993) grammar structure. According to DM, morphemes consist of syntacticsemantic features supplied by the Universal Grammar. Verbs consist of l-morphemes (Roots) in specific structural relations with f-morphemes, which license verbal syntactic structures. Since DM does not presupposes a deterministic Roots semantic properties mapping in syntax, it gets to explain how is it possible that one verb occur in more than one syntactic structure, without needing to appeal to two lexical entries for this same verb, for example. Thus, DM is a more advantageous model to explain argument structure and argument realization related phenomenon than lexical entry based models, what justifies our theoretical choice. Furthermore, this theory allows us to take part in the discussions listed above about the indirect object. We assume that this element is an argument of the transfer/motion verbs in Brazilian Portuguese and that it is a dative complement. Assumptions like phonology late insertion in Spell-Out (a pos-syntactic operation) and vocabulary item specification, pointed out by DM, get to explain the cases in which the indirect object is not phonologically realized, and occur in the syntactic structure as an anaphoric null argument, or as an implicit argument, without anaphoric reference. Besides that, these theoretical resources also get to explain the cases in which this element does not occur in the syntactic structure derived by the verb give.

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Sethuraman, Nitya. "The acquisition of verbs and argument structure constructions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3049671.

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Chan, Cheuk-lan Carol. "The acquisition of verb argument structures in young Cantonese-speaking children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209879.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 14, 1999." Also available in print.

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Bassani, Indaiá de Santana. "Formação e interpretação dos verbos denominais do português do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-23112009-144713/.

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Em uma visão etimológica, o Verbo Denominal (VD) é aquele verbo que surgiu historicamente a partir de uma base nominal. Os dicionários consideram que um verbo é denominal quando sua forma nominal cognata tem uma datação anterior nos registros da língua. Há, dessa forma, duas maneiras de tratar a relação entre nome e verbo: em uma perspectiva sincrônica ou diacrônica. Como há certa mistura no tratamento do fenômeno, faz-se necessária uma distinção entre critérios etimológicos e sincrônicos para a determinação do que é um verbo denominal. No presente trabalho, buscamos encontrar critérios formais e sincrônicos para saber quais verbos diacronicamente considerados como denominais podem também ser assim considerados em uma análise sincrônica de formação das palavras e em quais casos há razões comprovadas para propor o abandono do rótulo denominal. Partimos de uma amostra de 4.548 verbos etimologicamente denominais do português, retirados do Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa, e a restringimos por critérios de frequência a 95 verbos, que constituíram de fato o objeto de análise do estudo. Submetemos todos os verbos a testes estruturais de formação de sentenças sugeridos por Kyparsky (1987), Hale & Keyser (2002) e Arad (2003), a saber: Alternância Causativo-incoativo (Teste1); Alternância Média (Teste 2); Presença de Expressão Perifrástica (Teste 3); Presença de Objeto Cognato (Teste 4); Presença de Adjunto Cognato (Teste 5); Presença de Adjuntos Hipônimos e Hiperônimos (Teste 6). As sentenças foram submetidas a julgamento de 40 falantes nativos de português brasileiro. Os resultados apontaram para uma heterogeneidade no comportamento da classe geral dos VDs. Em suma, há um grupo para os quais os testes indicam uma etapa nominal (gramaticalidade para testes 3,(4),5 e 6) e um outro grupo para os quais os testes não indicam a presença de uma etapa nominal na formação (agramaticalidade para testes 3,5 e 6). Há verbos que participam e não participam de alternâncias (gramaticalidade e agramaticalidade para testes 1 e 2) e, por fim, há um grupo de verbos em que uma acepção remete a uma etapa nominal e outra acepção remete a ausência de etapa nominal. Após observar alternativas de análise em teorias lexicalistas de regras de formação de palavras (Basílio, 1993) e sintaxe-lexical (Hale & Keyser, 2002), conseguimos diferenciar estruturas com uma etapa nominal (denominais) de estruturas derivadas diretamente da raiz com base nos pressupostos da teoria da Morfologia Distribuída (Halle & Marantz, 1993; Harley & Noyer, 1999), mais especificamente Arad (2003), Marantz (2008) e Harley (2005). Conseguimos representar estruturalmente os diferentes tipos de (supostos) VDs no que se refere ao seu comportamento sintático e sua relação semântica com os (supostos) nomes formadores. Em primeiro lugar, tratamos dois grandes grupos: o primeiro contém os verbos que são formados a partir da categorização de uma raiz por um nome (n) e, em seguida, por um verbo (v) (estruturas denominais sincrônicas) e o segundo por verbos que são formados pela categorização direta de uma raiz () por um verbo (v) (estruturas não-denominais). No primeiro grupo, o dos denominais, observamos diferenças no comportamento sintático e sugerimos para eles diferentes tipos de estruturas: de alternância, de não-alternância e location/locatum. Em seguida, discutimos dois tipos de fenômenos que culminam na formação tanto de verbos denominais quanto de verbos derivados diretamente da raiz para aqueles que parecem, em princípio, tratar-se de um só verbo (verbos com estruturas denominais e estruturas de maneira e Mesmo verbo com comportamentos opostos). Por fim, a maior contribuição teórica deste trabalho está em que avançamos no esclarecimento da diferença entre uma formação sincrônica e diacrônica de palavras, mostrando que nem sempre a explicação histórica é a única possível. From an etymologycal point of view, the Denominal Verb is the one that derives historically from a nominal base. Dictionaries consider a verb as denominal when its cognate nominal form is older than the verbal one in language records. Thus, there are two ways of treating what is called denominal verb, regarding the relation between the noun and the verb: from a synchronic or from a dyachronic perspective. Since the description of this class is rather misleading, it is necessary to make a distinction between etymological and synchronic criteria in the definition of what a denominal verb is. For these reasons, the aim of this work is i) to find out synchronic and formal criteria to know which denominal verbs, from a diachronic point of view, can also be considered as such under a synchronic analysis of word formation and ii) in which cases can real reasons be found for the abandonment of the label denominal. We started from a sample of 4.548 etymologically denominal verbs in Portuguese, collected from Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa, and, due to a frequency criteria, we reduced it to 95 verbs that constitute, in fact, the object of this study. We submmited all the verbs to structural tests of sentence formation suggested by Kyparsky (1987), Hale & Keyser (2002) and Arad (2003), namely: Inchoative- Causative Alternation (Test 1); Middle Alternation (Test 2); Presence of Periphrastic Expression (Test 3); Presence of Cognate Object (Test 4); Presence of Cognate Adjunct (Test 5); Presence of Hiponimous and Hiperonimous Adjunction (Test 6).The sentences were submitted to the judgement of 40 native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The results pointed to heterogeneity in the behaviour of the general class of denominal verbs. To sum up, there is a group of verbs to which the tests indicated a nominal stage in the derivation of the verb (grammaticality for tests 3 (4), 5 and 6) and another group of verbs to which the tests did not indicate the presence of that nominal stage (agrammaticality for tests 3, 5 and 6). There are verbs that do and do not participate in alternations (gramaticality and agramaticality for tests 1 and 2) and, finally, there is a group of verbs for which one meaning indicates a nominal stage and the other meaning indicates the absence of such a nominal stage. After observing some analysis under lexicalist theories based on word formation rules (Basílio, 1993) or under lexico-syntactic approaches such as Hale & Keyser (2002), we could offer an analysis under which it is possible to distinguish the so-called denominal verbs in two classes: i) those represented by structures that include a nominal stage in the derivation (denominals), ii) those represented by structures in which the verb is derived directly from roots. This analysis is based on the Distributed Morphology model (Halle & Marantz, 1993; Harley & Noyer, 1999), more specifically, on Arad (2003), Marantz (2008) and Harley (2005). Our first step was to separate the two big groups: the first containing verbs that are derived from the categorization of a root () by a noun (n) and, then, by a verb (v) (synchronic denominal structures), and the second group containing verbs that are derived from the direct categorization of a root () by a verb (v) (non-denominal structures). In the first group, the denominal one, we observed that the sentences containing such verbs presented different syntactic behaviors and we suggested different kinds of structures: alternating, non-alternating and location/locatum. In sequence, we discussed some verbs that led us to suggest that they can be formed either as denominal verbs or as root-derived ones. We could then represent the structure of different types of so-called denominal verbs regarding their syntactic behavior and the relation they establish with the noun formed by the same root. Finally, the major theoretic contribution of this work is that we improved in clarifying the difference between a synchronic and a dyachronic word formation process, showing that the historical explanation is not always the single possibility.

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Matsuoka, Mikinari. "Linking arguments to phrase structure : a study of passives, psych verbs, and ditransitive verbs in Japanese." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38231.

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This thesis investigates the question of how the arguments of a given verb are linked to positions in a phrase structure. Through a study of passives, psych verbs, and ditransitive verbs in Japanese, it provides empirical support for the hypothesis that arguments having particular thematic roles are associated with particular syntactic positions systematically. Chapter 2 deals with passives, in particular, two types of passive constructions, direct and indirect passives. Following some previous works, it is argued that the subject of a direct passive is generated in the same position as an object of the corresponding active verb, having the same thematic role, whereas the subject of an indirect passive is projected as an argument of a separate predicate. Several pieces of evidence for this hypothesis which are not given in the literature are provided here. Chapter 3 is concerned with psych verbs, focusing on those that participate in a causative alternation. It is proposed that causative counterparts of these verbs can have two different structures that are parallel to the two types of passives discussed in Chapter 2. The subject of one type is generated in the same position as the object of the noncausative counterpart, having the same thematic role, whereas the subject of the other type is projected as an argument of a separate predicate. Chapter 4 takes up ditransitive verbs, specifically, those that have inchoative counterparts, which do not project the subject of the ditransitive construction. There are two types of such verbs: one promotes the accusative argument of the ditransitive construction, rather than the dative one, to the subject of the inchoative counterpart, while the other chooses the dative argument over the accusative one for the subject of the inchoative counterpart. It is argued that this reflects the difference in the base-generated position of the dative argument between the two types of verbs. Moreover, the dative arguments of the two are distinguished in terms of thematic role. This research is meant to contribute toward having a further understanding of how the participants of an event are expressed in grammatical forms.

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Yamaguchi, Toshiko. "On the meaning of Japanese verbs : the view from argument structure alternations." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285872.

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Belkacem, Nadia. "Les Verbes en Tamazight: structure argumentale et sémantique." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672718.

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Notre sujet de recherche se focalise sur la structure argumentale et la sémantique des verbes en tamazight, un sujet peu étudié auparavant. Dans la classification linguistique des langues, tamazight est classifiée comme une branche à part de la famille afro-asiatique. Cette langue, occupant un vaste espace géographique en Afrique du Nord appelé Tamazgha, est composée de plusieurs variantes dont celle du Centre-Nord (Algérie). C’est sur cette variante que nous avons centré notre recherche qui a produit les résultats suivants : 1. Analyse syntactico-sémantique de classes de verbes en tamazight, incluant, entre autres, la diathèse, les alternances de la structure argumentale et les morphèmes de dérivation verbale; 2. description de la structure argumentale de 150 verbes en tamazight, correspondant à 300 formes verbales, 700 acceptions et 850 structures, accompagnée des expressions figées et semi-figées associées à chaque verbe; 3. construction d’une base de données numérique convenablement structurée qui contient toutes les informations sur la structure argumentale des verbes analysés et qui présente une riche interface de recherche sur internet. C’est un outil qui servirait aux lexicographes de tamazight pour améliorer et enrichir les entrées de verbes dans les dictionnaires, qui actuellement n’incluent pratiquement pas d’informations sur la structure argumentale des verbes. Ces nouvelles données linguistiques apportées sur les structures et expressions verbales de cette langue serviront entre autres pour sa lexicographie, son traitement automatique et son enseignement. En général, elles constituent un approfondissement des connaissances sur cette langue. El nostre tema de recerca es centra en l'estructura argumental i semàntica dels verbs en tamazight. En la classificació llingüística de les llengües, tamazight constitueix una branca pròpia en la família afro-asiàtica. Aquesta llengua, que ocupa un vast espai geogràfic al nord d’Àfrica anomenat Tamazgha, es compon de diverses variants, inclosa la del centre-nord (Algèria). És en aquesta variant que hem centrat la nostra investigación que ha produit els següents resultats: 1. Anàlisi sintactico-semàntica de certes classes de verbs en tamazight incloent, entre d'altres, la diàtesi, les alternances de l'estructura argumental i els morfemes de derivació verbal; 2. descripció de l’estructura argumental de 150 verbs en tamazight, corresponents a 300 formes verbals, 700 significats i 850 estructures, acompanyades de les expressions congelades i semicongelades associades a cada verb; 3. construcció d'una base de dades estructurada adequadament que conté tota la informació sobre l'estructura argumental dels 150 verbs analitzats i que presenta una interfície de cerca complexa. És una eina que els lexicògrafs de tamazight utilitzarien per a millorar i enriquir les entrades verbals dels diccionaris, que actualment amb prou feines inclouen informació sobre l’estructura argumental dels verbs. Aquestes noves dades lingüístiques proporcionades sobre les estructures i expressions verbals d’aquesta llengua s’utilitzaran, entre altres coses, per a la lexicografia, el seu processament automàtic i l’ensenyament. En general, constitueixen un aprofundiment del coneixement d’aquest idioma. Our research topic focuses on the argument structure and semantics of verbs in Tamazight. In the linguistic classification of languages, Tamazight constitutes a separate branch of the Afro-Asian family. This language present in a vast geographical area in North Africa called Tamazgha, is composed of several varieties including Northern-Central Tamazight (Algeria). It is on this variety that we have concentrated our research which has produced the following results: 1. Syntactico-semantic analysis of certain classes of verbs in Tamazight, including, among others, diathesis, alternations of argument structure and morphemes of verbal derivation; 2. description of the argument structure of some 150 verbs in Tamazight, corresponding to 300 verbal forms, 700 meanings and 850 structures, accompanied by the fixed and semi-fixed expressions associated with each verb; 3. construction of a suitably structured database which contains all the information on the argument structure of the 150 verbs analyzed and which presents a rich web-based search interface. It is a tool that would be used by Tamazight lexicographers to improve and enrich verb entries in dictionaries, which currently hardly include information on the argument structure of verbs. This new linguistic data on verbal structures and expressions of this language will be used, among other things, for its lexicography, its automatic processing and teaching. In general, it will increase the knowledge on this language. Nuestro tema de investigación se centra en la estructura argumental y la semántica de los verbos en tamazight, un tema poco estudiado antes. En la clasificación lingüística de idiomas, el tamazight se clasifica como una rama separada de la familia afroasiática. Esta lengua, que ocupa un vasto espacio geográfico en el norte de África llamado Tamazgha, se compone de varias variantes, incluida la del centro-norte (Argelia). Es en esta variante que hemos centrado nuestra investigación que ha producido los siguientes resultados: 1. Análisis Análisis sintáctico-semántica de ciertas clases de verbos en tamazight incluyendo, entre otros, la diátesis, las alternancias de la estructura argumental y los morfemas de derivación verbal; 2. descripción de la estructura argumental de 150 verbos en tamazight, correspondientes a 300 formas verbales, 700 significados y 850 estructuras, acompañadas de las expresiones fijas y semi-fijas asociadas a cada verbo; 3. Construcción de una base de datos adecuadamente estructurada que contenga toda la información sobre la estructura argumental de los 150 verbos analizados y que presente una rica interfaz de búsqueda. Es una herramienta que utilizarían los lexicógrafos de tamazight para mejorar y enriquecer las entradas verbales de los diccionarios, que actualmente apenas incluyen información sobre la estructura argumental de los verbos. Estos nuevos datos lingüísticos aportados sobre las estructuras y expresiones verbales de esta lengua serán utilizados, entre otras cosas, para su lexicografía, su procesamiento automático y su enseñanza. En general, constituyen una profundización del conocimiento de este idioma.

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Narcross, Tara Lee. "Infinitival complementation in selected Spanish verbs of influence : a diachronic investigation of argument structure and surface structure /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148820217119818.

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Jung, Hyun Kyoung. "Nominative/Accusative case alternation in the Korean 'Siph-ta' construction." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/140749.

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This paper investigates the mechanism for nominative/accusative Case alternations in the siph-ta ‘want-to’ construction in Korean. I argue that the Case alternations in the Korean siph-ta construction are motivated by the peculiar property of siph- that it has dual argument structures and restructuring properties. Specifically, the structural Case on the embedded object is determined by 1) the type of the matrix vP that siph- takes—vP(DO) or vP(BE) - and 2) the presence/absence of the functional category responsible for accusative Case checking, which is selected by the matrix predicate siph-. In so doing, it is demonstrated that the dual argument structure analysis can be extended to account for the same type of Case alternations exhibited by Korean psych-verbs as well as the incompatibility between a nominative object and an embedded psych-verb in the siph-ta construction.

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Lin, Jimmy J. (Jimmy Jr-Pin) 1979. "Event structure and the encoding of arguments : the syntax of the Mandarin and English verb phrase." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28710.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004. Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-194). (cont.) to variations in the way functional elements interact with verbal roots. Overall, my work not only contributes to our understanding of how events are syntactically represented, but also explicates interactions at the syntax-semantics interface, clarifying the relationship between surface form, syntactic structure, and logical form. A theory of argument structure grounded in independently-motivated syntactic constraints, on the one hand, and the semantic structure of events, on the other hand, is able to account for a wide range of empirical facts with few stipulations. This work presents a theory of linguistic representation that attempts to capture the syntactic structure of verbs and their arguments. My framework is based on the assumption that the proper representation of argument structure is event structure. Furthermore, I develop the hypothesis that event structure is syntactic structure, and argue that verb meanings are compositionally derived in the syntax from verbalizing heads, functional elements that license eventive interpretations, and verbal roots, abstract concepts drawn from encyclopedic knowledge. The overall goal of the enterprise is to develop a theory that is able to transparently relate the structure and meaning of verbal arguments. By hypothesis, languages share the same inventory of primitive building blocks and are governed by the same set of constraints--all endowed by principles of Universal Grammar and subjected to parametric variations. Support for my theory is drawn from both Mandarin Chinese and English. In particular, the organization of the Mandarin verbal system provides strong evidence for the claim that activity and state are the only two primitive verb types in Chinese--achievements and accomplishments are syntactically-derived complex categories. As a specific instance of complex event composition, I examine Mandarin resultative verb compounds and demonstrate that a broad range of variations can be perspicuously captured in my framework. I show that patterns of argument sharing in these verbal compounds can be analyzed as control, thus grounding argument structure in well-known syntactic constraints such as the Minimum Distance Principle. Finally, I argue that cross-linguistic differences in the realization of verbal arguments can be reduced by Jimmy Lin. Ph.D.

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Vogel, Ralf. "Polyvalent Verbs." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14508.

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Polyvalente Verben koennen mit unterschiedlichen Konstituentenmengen kombiniert sein, wobei deren Zahl und Art variieren. In den meisten Grammatikschulen sind Verben zentral fuer syntaktische Gestalt und semantische Interpretation von Saetzen. Sie bestimmen ueber ihre Subkategorisierungsrahmen, wieviele Komplemente welchen Typs im Satz realisiert werden. Daher ist Polyvalenz ein unerwartetes Phaenomen. Eine Diskussion verschiedener Ansaetze der generativen Grammatik ergibt, dass Subkategorisierung fuer die Erklaerung von Polyvalenz ungeeignet ist. Im zweiten Kapitel wird ein Modell fuer die konzeptuell-semantische Interpretation von Verben und Saetzen entwickelt, das dem Rechnung traegt: In Saetzen mit polyvalenten Verben bedingen die Komplemente des Verbs zusammen mit dem Verb die konzeptuell-semantische Interpretation. Die thematische Interpretation wird als inferentieller Prozess angesehen, der keinen Spezialfall allgemeiner konzeptuell-semantischer Interpretationsprozesse darstellt, sondern vielmehr in diese eingebunden ist. Polyvalent verbs can be combined with different sets of complements. The variation concerns both number and type of the complements. In most grammar theoretical frameworks, verbs are of crucial importance for the syntactic structure and semantic interpretation of clauses. They determine via subcategorization frames how many complements of which type are realized. Polyvalence is therefore an unexpected phenomenon. A discussion of several approaches in generative grammar results in the claim that subcategorization is not very useful for the explanation of polyvalence. In the second chapter, a model for the conceptual-semantic interpretation of verbs and clauses is developed that takes polyvalence into account: the conceptual-semantic interpretation of clauses with polyvalent verbs is determined by the verb and complements together. Thematic interpretation is viewed as an inferential process that is embedded within the general conceptual-semantic interpretation processes, not their prerequisite.

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Anderson, Elizabeth C. "Frequency effects in the processing of verbs and argument structure : evidence from adults with and without acquired aphasia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20867/.

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Introduction In usage-based approaches to language, grammar is viewed as an emergent phenomenon that derives from humans’ repeated exposure to individual instances of particular linguistic expressions (Bybee, 2006). Goldberg’s (1995) construction grammar is a version of usage-based grammar that treats language as an inventory of form-meaning pairings, termed constructions. Usage-based approaches to language predict that factors of language use, such as frequency of occurrence, affect processing at every level of the linguistic system, from sounds to sentences. This approach is gaining increasing recognition in the field of aphasiology, where sentence-level frequency effects have historically been described in terms of deficits (Gahl & Menn, 2016). The current research adopts a usage-based approach to language and contributes new data on the topic of verb and sentence processing in typical adults and adults with acquired aphasia. Aims This research investigated the effects of two frequency-based properties of verbs on language processing in adults, including the frequency of a verb as a single word, termed lexical frequency, and the frequency of a verb in a particular syntactic construction, termed construction frequency. Specifically, this project aimed: (1) to examine the effect of construction frequency and lexical frequency on sentence processing in adults; (2) to explore whether the pattern of performance from adults with acquired aphasia was similar to or divergent from the performance of typical adults; and (3) to consider how residual linguistic capabilities in participants with aphasia affected their performance in experimental tasks. Methods In Phase 1, 20 typical adults and four adults with acquired aphasia took part in a verbal fluency task in which they named verbs that could occur in eight unique syntactic constructions. Noun phrases were encoded as pronouns, so no semantic activation was available from the lexemes contained in sentence stimuli, and a blank space stood in place of the verb. For example, a sentence corresponding to the conative construction was presented as you ___ at us. In Phase 2, 90 typical adults and 14 adults with acquired aphasia took part in a grammaticality judgement task and a sentence completion task. Participants silently read sentences like those in Phase 1 and were subsequently presented with a written verb. In the grammaticality judgement task, participants decided whether or not the verb could occur in the sentence stimulus. In the sentence completion task, participants replaced the blank space in the sentence stimulus with the given verb and produced the entire sentence aloud. Participants’ number of target responses and response times were measured in each task. The frequency of verbs in Phase 2 varied along two dimensions. These independent variables included construction frequency and lexical frequency, each of which had two levels, namely, high frequency and low frequency. These four groups resulted in a factorial design, where conditions differed with respect to levels of construction frequency and lexical frequency. Results In Phase 1, the number of times typical participants generated verbs in response to syntactic constructions was more strongly related to verbs’ construction frequency than lexical frequency, for most constructions. Sentence stimuli successfully elicited verbs from participants with aphasia. In Phase 2, typical participants showed an effect of construction frequency in the grammaticality judgement task and an effect of lexical frequency in the sentence completion task. These effects were moderated by construction and interactions. In general, group-level results from participants with aphasia were consistent with findings from typical participants. Some individuals with aphasia showed frequency effects to a greater or lesser extent than typical participants. Conclusion Results suggest that at the sentence level, the frequency of verbs as single words and the frequency of verbs in particular syntactic contexts affects language processing, depending on task demands. Findings confirm the predicted effect of linguistic experience on language use. Importantly, this project extends the number of investigations of pathological language undertaken in a usage-based linguistic framework. Results from participants with aphasia are discussed with reference to treatments for sentence processing deficits in aphasia, item selection for those treatments and theories of agrammatism.

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NOEL, MONIQUE. "La texture, science en devenir. La texture comme argument a la creation artistique, comme tremplin vers l'espace structural." Paris 8, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA080152.

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C'est une etude theorique et pratique sur la texture. Le terme de texture est analyse dans l'histoire de la peinture moderne du 20e siecle. Elle est envisagee sous ses aspects techniques : matiere graphique, matiere picturale, travail des outils et de la main sur la matiere. Elle est le depart de creations plastiques illimitees. Elle engendre des espaces structuraux qui peuvent l'introduire dans les nouvelles technologies (ordinateur) It is a theorical and practice study about the texture. The term of texture is analysed in the history of the modern painting of xx th century. She is viewed on its technical aspects : graphic matter, pictural mather, work from tools and from hand about the mather. She is the beginning of illited plastic creations. She generates structural spaces, they can introduce it in the new technologies (ordainer)

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Romain, Laurence. "A corpus-based study of the causative alternation in English." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H016/document.

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La présente recherche s’interroge sur la présumée dichotomie entre les alternances et les généralisations de surface dans le cadre théorique de la grammaire de constructions. Plus précisément,l’objectif de cette thèse est ternaire. Par l’analyse attentive d’une grande quantité de données, nous faisons une description détaillée de l’alternance causative en anglais (The fabric stretched vs. Joan stretched the fabric), nous proposons une méthode qui permet de mesurer la force d’alternance des verbes ainsi que la quantité de sens partagée entre les deux constructions, et, enfin, nous montrons que si l’on veut rendre compte des contraintes au niveau de la construction, l’on doit alors prendre en compte les généralisations de plus bas niveau, telles que les interactions entre le verbe et ses arguments dans le cadre de chaque construction. Afin d’ajouter au débat entre alternance et généralisations de surface, nous proposons une analyse détaillée des deux constructions qui forment l’alternance causative en anglais : la construction intransitive non-causative d’une part et la construction transitive causative de l’autre.Notre but est de mesurer la quantité de sens partagée par les deux constructions mais aussi démontrer en quoi ces deux constructions diffèrent. Dans cette optique, nous prenons en compte trois éléments: construction, verbe et thème (i.e. l’entité sujette à l’évènement dénoté par le verbe). Nous utilisons la sémantique distributionnelle pour la mesure des similarités sémantiques entre les divers thèmes employés avec chaque verbe dans chaque construction dans notre corpus.Ce groupement sémantique met en lumière les différents sens verbaux employés avec chaque construction et nous permet d’établir des généralisations quant aux contraintes qui s’appliquent au thème dans chaque construction The present research takes issue with the supposed dichotomy between alternations on the onehand and surface generalisations on the other, within the framework of construction grammar.More specifically the aim of this thesis is threefold. Through the careful analysis of a largedataset, we aim to provide a thorough description of the causative alternation in English (Thefabric stretched vs. Joan stretched the fabric), suggest a method that allows for a solid measure ofa verb’s alternation strength and of the amount of shared meaning between two constructions,and finally, show that in order to capture constraints at the level of the construction, one mustpay attention to lower level generalisations such as the interaction between verb and argumentswithin the scope of each construction.In an effort to add to the discussion on alternation vs. surface generalisations, we propose adetailed study of the two constructions that make up the causative alternation: the intransitivenon-transitive causative construction and the transitive causative construction. Our goal is tomeasure the amount of meaning shared by the two constructions and also show the differencesbetween the two. In order to do so we take three elements into account: construction, verband theme (i.e. the entity that undergoes the event denoted by the verb). We use distributionalsemantics to measure the semantic similarity of the various themes found with each verb andeach construction in our corpus. This grouping highlights the different verb senses used witheach construction and allows us to draw generalisations as to the constraints on the theme ineach construction

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Hirsch, Nils. "German psych verbs – insights from a decompositional perspective." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19574.

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Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit psychologischen Verben, d.h. Verben, die dadurch charakterisiert sind, dass eines ihrer Argumente Träger eines psychischen Prozesses (Experiencer) ist. Diese ‚Psych-Verben’ nehmen seit mindestens 30 Jahren eine zentrale Rolle in linguistischen Diskussionen zu Syntax, Semantik und deren Schnittstellen ein und werden häufig als eine besondere Verbklasse mit spezifischen (Psych-)Eigenschaften angesehen. Dabei ist nicht nur die Analyse dieser Verben, sondern bereits ihre korrekte empirische Charakterisierung Auslöser starker Kontroversen in der Literatur. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit widmet sich deshalb der Untersuchung der empirischen Eigenschaften von Objekt-Experiencer-Verben wie Agentivität, aspektuelle Eigenschaften, Passiv sowie ihrem Verhalten in Bezug auf eine Reihe anderer grammatischer Phänomene. Ein Fokus liegt dabei auf dem Vergleich von Verben, die basierend auf derselben Wurzel unterschiedliche Formen bilden wie z.B. ärgern/verärgern/sich ärgern, wundern/verwundern/sich wundern etc. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung zeigen, dass weder ObjExp-Verben noch Experiencer eine homogene Gruppe mit kohärenten Eigenschaften darstellen. Folglich können Psych-Verben nicht als eine einheitliche (besondere) Gruppe von Verben analysiert werden, da ihre Eigenschaften zu unterschiedlich sind und sie vielmehr in verschiedene Verbgruppen fallen. Im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit wird deshalb eine dekompositionelle Analyse im Paradigma von Distributed Morphology vorgeschlagen, die die unterschiedlichen Gruppen von Psych-Verben als solche analysiert und ihre Eigenschaften auf der Basis allgemeiner grammatischer Prinzipien (aspektuelle Eigenschaften sowie Präsenz/Absenz eines externen Arguments) erklärt, und besonders die stativen Kausativa diskutiert. Als Resultat muss konstatiert werden, dass ‚Psych-Verben’ als grammatisch relevante Gruppe nicht existieren, sondern diese Verben vielmehr unterschiedlichen bekannten Verbmustern folgen. This thesis is concerned with German psychological verbs, i.e. verbs characterized by the fact that one of their arguments is associated with a psychological process. These psych verbs have been prominent in linguistic discussion on syntax, semantics, and their interfaces for at least 30 years, and are often considered to form a special group of verbs with specific ‘psych properties’. Not only the theoretical analysis but also the correct characterization of their empirical properties is a matter of controversy in the literature, and no consensus has been established with respect to either. Therefore, in the first part of this thesis, the empirical properties of object-experiencer verbs such as agentivity, aspectual properties, passive, and the behaviour of these verbs with respect to a number of other grammatical phenomena are examined. Special focus is placed on alternating verbs formed on the basis of the same Root, such as e.g. ärgern/verärgern/sich ärgern, etc. The results of the empirical analysis show that neither ObjExp verbs nor experiencers form a homogeneous group with coherent properties. On the contrary, these verbs fall into several different groups of verbs with clearly different properties. Consequently, psych verbs cannot be analysed as one (special) group of verbs. The theoretical part of this thesis therefore puts forward a decompositional analysis couched in the paradigm of Distributed Morphology, which analyses the different psych verbs as different groups of verbs, and explains their properties as the consequence of general grammatical principles (their aspectual properties, and the presence/absence of an external argument), not special psych properties. The discussion of stative causative ObjExp verbs plays a major part. As a result, the conclusion has to be drawn that ‘psych verbs’ do not constitute a grammatically relevant (special) group of verbs, but that these verbs follow different general patterns known from the study of other verbs.

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Fukuda, Shinichiro. "From words to structure how syntax can affect the distribution and interpretation of verbs and their arguments, three case studies from Japanese /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3371731.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 15, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-260).

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Lima, Suzi Oliveira de. "A estrutura argumental dos verbos na língua Juruna (Yudjá): da formação dos verbos para a análise das estruturas sintáticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-08072008-152745/.

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Esta dissertação descreve e analisa os verbos da língua Juruna (Yudja) a partir de suas estruturas argumentais e conseqüências sintáticas. O objetivo é contribuir com um material para a escola indígena Juruna assim como contribuir com os estudos teóricos da perspectiva gerativista de estudos sobre a linguagem. O texto é dividido em duas grandes partes (descrição e análise) sendo a primeira delas uma descrição de 302 verbos da língua. Nesta parte dividimos estes verbos em dezoito classes verbais a partir de critérios morfológicos, sintáticos e semânticos. Estes critérios foram estabelecidos a partir de características da língua, quais sejam estas: duplicação verbal, propriedades semânticas, afixos, causativização e propriedades das raízes - as quais associadas a verbalizadores formam os verbos. Nesta seção apresentamos quais são as construções e operações morfológicas que cada verbo descrito realiza (tais como: alternâncias de valência (por afixação e via alternância labile), duplicação e supleção verbal) e suas funções na língua. A segunda parte do texto denominada \"análises\" apresenta uma análise gerativa para os fatos da língua Juruna. Para a questão da formação dos verbos, partimos da proposta de Hale & Keyser (1993; 2001) segundo a qual os verbos são formados de forma estrutural e hierárquica a partir de duas estruturas básicas (monádica e diádica) nucleadas por núcleos verbais (V1 e V2). Estas estruturas são utilizadas de forma paramétrica a partir de restrições das raízes verbais e seus traços sintáticos e semânticos. Considerando esta proposta teórica, argumentamos que os verbos da língua Juruna são formados estruturalmente a partir de restrições dos traços que formam as raízes verbais, os quais também serão determinantes nos processos de atribuição e mudança de valência e voz assim como no processo de duplicação e supleção verbal. Após a análise referente à formação dos verbos apresentamos a formação de sentenças na língua Juruna partindo do Programa Minimalista (Chomsky 1995; 1998; 1999). Nesta seção apresentamos o processo de inserção de sujeitos (a partir de formas pronominais, demonstrativos e sintagmas nominais) em vP, discutimos os processos de concordância, analisamos a inserção de modo realis/ irrealis, bem como questões relacionadas a ordem sentencial, adjunção de advérbios e o paralelismo entre os planos nominal e verbal, a partir das questões associadas à cumulatividade e quantificação. O ponto central desta dissertação é, portanto, argumentar que todas as propriedades sintáticas da língua Juruna decorrem essencialmente dos traços formadores de seus verbos. Desta forma, para a compreensão da sintaxe de uma língua é necessário compreender a estrutura argumental de seus verbos. This dissertation describes and analyzes Juruna (Yudja) verbs based on argument structure and its syntactic consequences. We aim to offer to the Juruna School useful material about verb classes and also to contribute to the advancement of language studies in the generativist framework. The dissertation is divided in two parts - description and analysis). The first is a description of 302 verbs in this language. In this part, we divided verbs in eighteen classes based on morphological, syntactic and semantic criteria established from phenomena present in Juruna. These phenomena are: verb reduplication, semantic properties of roots and affixes, causativization and properties of roots that, associated to verbalizers, form verbs. We presented constructions and morphological operations that each verb described realize, for instance: valence alternation (by affixation or labile alternation), reduplication and suppletion and their functions in this language. The second part of the dissertation - entitled \"analysis\" - presents a generativist account of some Juruna facts described in the first part. To discuss verb formation we based ourselves on Hale & Keyser\'s (1993; 2001) proposal that verbs are formed from two basic structures (monadic and dyadic) with verbal nuclei (V1 and V2) organized structurally and hierarchically. These structures are utilized parametrically, taking into consideration verbal root restrictions and syntactic and semantic traces. Supported by this theorical proposal, we argued that verbs in Juruna are formed structurally based on restrictions of their root. These restrictions will also determine the process of attribution and change of valence and voice and the processes of verb duplication and suppletion in the language. After the analysis of verb formation, we present a hypothesis of sentence structure in Juruna based on the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995; 1998; 1999). In this section we discussed: 1) subject insertion (taking into consideration pronominal forms, demonstratives and nominal phrases) in vP; 2) agreement processes; 3) the insertion of mood realis/ irrealis; 4) sentential order; 5) adverbial adjunction and 6) the parallelism between nominal and verbal domains based on cumulativity and quantification. The central theoretical point of this dissertation is to argue in favor of the idea that syntactic properties may be explained, in large part, as a consequence of verb formation. In this sense, to understand the syntactic structure of a language it is essential to understand the argument structure of its verbs.

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Turki, Lamia. "Etude lexicologique du livre des animaux d'Al-Jahiz." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2054.

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Cette thèse a pour objet une étude lexicologique du Livre des animaux d’al-Gâhiz, dans une perspective diachroniques visant à tracer l’évolution du lexique verbale de l’arabe. Nous avons adopté pour cette étude une approche comparative entre deux états de langue, l’arabe médiéval représentée par le livre des animaux et l’arabe moderne représentée par Arabic-corpus. Nous avons, dans le cadre de cette thèse, ciblé notre étude sur les lexèmes verbaux, ils représentent en effet des unités lexicales éminemment relationnelles, nous avons démontré leurs comportements variationnels de polysémie, aussi bien en synchronie qu’en diachronie. Le sémantisme des verbes est déterminé par des facteurs sémantico- syntaxiques, relationnels acquérant de la valeur différentielle selon la construction.Nous avons adopté un cadre théorique varié mais basé essentiellement sur la théorie des tropes (métaphore, métonymie), ainsi que sur le Schéma d’arguments élaboré par (J. Dichy : 1999-2000). Nous avons étudié les verbes dans un contexte minimal qui est la phrase ; chaque construction contenant un lexème verbal est analysé dans un schéma d’arguments. Ceci consiste à préciser les environnements possibles pour chaque mot, en spécifiant les constructions syntaxiques et en indiquant la nature sémantique des environnements à travers les traits spécificateurs. Dans cette perspective, la structure argumentale s’est avérée être un outil aussi cohérent qu’efficace; l’organisation syntaxique met en évidence le fonctionnement du verbe, laissant entrevoir les rôles joués par les divers éléments qui gravitent autour de lui. La systématique développée selon ce qui a été décrit nous permettra de modéliser non seulement le rapport entre constructions verbales coexistant en synchronie dénommée par Heine (2002) «phase de coexistence synchronique», mais encore la création diachronique d’une construction à partir d’une autre qui existait déjà auparavant. Nous illustrons les implications d’une telle approche sur la base des changements qu’ont subis en diachronie les verbes étudiés, l’objectif étant de démontrer comment interagissent les changements de constructions d’un verbe en particulier dans la création du sens. Ainsi que de souligner les régularités dans le changement du lexique verbal arabe. L’étude des variations lexicales ou morphosyntaxiques dans les textes étudiés, nous permet d’apprécier les régularités qui relèvent en propre du commun de la langue de l’époque médiévale, de la langue moderne, et d’autres régularités qui relèvent quant à elles de l’individuel. Dans une perspective visant en second lieu, à cerner quelques aspects du langage d’al-Gâhiz et de rendre compte de sa dynamique créative This thesis concerns a lexical study of the Book of animals Al-Gâhiz in a diachronic perspective to trace the evolution of the verbal lexicon of Arabic. We adopted for this study a comparative approach between two states of language, Arabic medieval represented by the book of the animals and the modern Arab represented by Arabic-corpus.We, as part of this thesis focused our study on the verbal lexemes, they are indeed eminently relational lexical units, we have demonstrated their variational behavior of multiple meanings, both in synchrony in diachrony. The semantics of verbs is determined by syntactic sémantico-factors, relational acquiring the differential value according to construction.We have adopted a varied but essentially theoretical framework based on the theory of tropes (metaphor, metonymy), as well as the diagram of arguments developed by (J. Dichy: 1999-2000). We studied the verbs in a minimal context that is the sentence; each building containing a verbal lexeme is analyzed in a pattern of arguments. This is to clarify the possible environments for each word, specifying the syntactic constructions and indicating the semantic environments through specifiers traits. In this perspective, the argument structure has proven to be as consistent as effective tool; the syntactic organization highlights how the verb, suggesting the roles of the various elements that revolve around it. Systematic developed according to what has been described allow us to model not only the relationship between verbal constructions coexisting in synchrony called by Heine (2002) "synchronic coexistence phase" but also diachronic creation of a building from a one that already existed.We illustrate the implications of such an approach based on the changes that have suffered diachronic studied verbs, the objective being to demonstrate how buildings interact changes a verb especially in the creation of meaning. And to highlight the regularities in the change of the Arab verbal lexicon. The study of lexical or morphosyntactic variations in the texts studied, allows us to appreciate the patterns that fall in own common language of medieval, modern language, and other patterns which fall on them of the individual. In a perspective for second, to identify some aspects of language al-Gâhiz and realize its creative dynamic

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Dragana, Popović. "Предикати перцепције у руском и српском језику". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100367&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Ovim se istraživanjem na primeru osnovnih predikata (glagola) percepcije ruskog i srpskog jezika odgovara na pitanja vezana za sistemske odnose u oblasti leksike, klasifikaciju jezičkih jedinica, definisanje leksema, međusobnu zavisnost značenja leksema i njihovih morfolo&scaron;kih i sintaksičkih obeležja. Osnovni predikati (glagoli) percepcije ruskog i srpskog jezika pozicioniraju se unutar semantičkih paradigmi, zasnovanih na interakciji diferencijalnih i zajedničkih komponenata značenja svojih članova. Članovi paradigmi izdvajaju se na osnovu kriterijuma određenih u skladu s principima organizacije centra i periferije leksičkog sistema. Pozicioniranje izdvojenih predstavnika vizuelne, auditivne, olfaktorne, gustativne i taktilne percepcije, kao i njihovih vidskih korelata, rezultira utvrđivanjem strukture paradigmi i smerova semantičke derivacije u njima. This dissertation focuses on systemic relationships among the basic predicates (verbs) of perception in Russian and Serbian. It investigates issues related to the lexicon, the classification of linguistic units, the relationships between the meanings of lexemes and their morphological and syntactic features, as well as the definition of the main members of the analysed lexico-semantic group. The basic predicates of perception in Russian and Serbian are positioned within the semantic paradigms, based on the interaction of differential and general components of meaning of their members. The members of the paradigms are selected based on criteria established in accordance with the principle of the organization of lexical systems into core and periphery. The positioning of the selected representatives of visual, auditory, olfactory, gustative and tactile perception, as well as their aspectual correlates, results in determining the structure of the paradigms and the directions of semantic derivation in them.

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Johnson, Valerie Elaine. "Fast mapping verb meaning from argument structure." 2001. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3012145.

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Current methods for assessing African American English (AAE) speaking children's semantic knowledge are seriously flawed. Many AAE-speaking children who do not have language disorders perform poorly on standardized vocabulary tests. However, there is no reason to believe that all of these AAE-speaking children are deficient in their ability to learn a rich and functional vocabulary. Existing vocabulary tests often are culturally biased because lexical items are selected and normed on middle-class Euro-American children. This results in an inherent bias against linguistically and culturally diverse populations. Some African American children have less exposure to the lexical items selected for use on standardized tests than Euro-American middle-class children. These cultural and language differences become exacerbated when these children enter school. Frequently, AAE-speaking children are referred to the school speech-language pathologist (SLP) for language testing. However, the SLP is often ill-equipped to provide an unbiased evaluation due to reasons previously mentioned. The problem for the SLP is to determine what areas of semantics to test and what methods should be utilized in this assessment. This study investigated the processing-dependent measure of fast mapping as an alternative method of assessing semantic knowledge in children. AAE and Standard American English (SAE) speaking children between the ages of four and six were presented with two comprehension tasks involving real verbs and the fast mapping of novel verbs in four different argument structures (intransitive, transitive, transfer, and complement). These tasks were developed to evaluate how children use syntactic bootstrapping to help fix the meaning of new verbs. The participants' performance on the alternative assessment measure was compared to their performance on a commonly used psychometric vocabulary test. Although significant differences were found between AAE- and SAE-speakers in the transitive argument structure for real verbs and transfer argument structure for both real and novel verbs, overall results indicated that both groups were able to fast map novel verbs. A performance gap between AAE and SAE participants on the psychometric vocabulary test was noted in this study. These results suggest the feasibility of fast mapping as a method to reduce test bias in semantic assessment.

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Huang, Huade. "The Information Structure and Argument Mapping of Mandarin Chinese Resultative Verb Construction." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139158.

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This thesis will investigate the information structure and its interaction with argument mappings of Chinese resultative verb construction (RVC). One RVC may have several different mappings. This thesis proposes that these mappings have a strong relation with information structure. If a mapping is not in accord with the information structure of the sentence, this mapping will not be chosen by the speaker. This thesis proposes that there are four types of Topics in Chinese: primary Topic, secondary Topic, continuing Topic and contrastive Topic. The primary Topic and contrastive Topic motivate a Patient-type argument to be the Subject, and an Agent-type argument being a secondary Topic may not be the Subject of the sentence. Secondary Topics in BA and BEI construction bear different information update, and this blocks some mappings that are possible in the canonical structure to appear in BA and BEI construction.

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Mabaso, Ximbani Eric. "Issues on Xitsonga verbs." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1077.

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This study focuses on the predicate argument structure (PAS) of a sub-class of verbs in Xitsonga - verbs of change of possession: give, contribute, future having, providing, obtaining and verbs of exchange. It is shown that these verbs select various theta roles to form their PAS in the different alternations allowed in this language. The effects of the applicative {-el-} and causative {-is-} verbal affixes on the PAS of such verbs are also considered. The study confirms the fact that the ordering of objects in ditransitive verbs is determined by an interplay of syntactic and semantic factors. Ambiguity arises in the case of two animate objects. In this case the object with a definite reading will appear adjacent to the verb. African Languages M. A. (Arican Languages)

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Lemos, Olga Kosaryga de. "Proficiência na produção de estruturas argumentais preposicionais por aprendentes de Português como Língua Não Materna." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83583.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Linguística do Português apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra O objetivo fundamental deste estudo é o de (dar a) conhecer o grau de proficiência que aprendentes de português como língua não materna (PLNM) apresentam no decurso do seu processo de aprendizagem da estrutura argumental preposicional (EAP) em português. Mais concretamente, pretende-se perceber se há correlação entre o nível de conhecimento (QECR) dos aprendentes de PLNM e a aprendizagem da EAP em português. Para tal, avalia-se através de inquéritos, propositadamente elaborados para o presente trabalho, se a frequência dos verbos e/ou das preposições das EAP têm peso positivo/negativo/nenhum ao longo do processo de aprendizagem dessas EAP, e se a frequência do input apresenta algum tipo de influência no desempenho dos alunos, no domínio em estudo. Pretende-se ainda conhecer que preposição é substituída e/ou omitida mais vezes pelos aprendentes de A1/ A2, B1, B2 e C1, e qual a preposição utlizada mais vezes por esses aprendentes para substituir as preposições pretendidas. Com o intuito de conhecer qual verbo/preposição/EAP se aprende com mais dificuldade/facilidade, a informação dos inquéritos foi analisada em função do nível do QECR dos aprendentes, da frequência dos verbos e de uma tipologia de ocorrências desviantes, formulada previamente. A análise dos dados empíricos revela que as EAP com as preposições de e em (as mais frequentes no português) não trazem muitos problemas aos alunos de A1/ A2 e B1. Ainda a preposição de foi a mais utilizada para substituir as adequadas. Os aprendentes de B2 e C1 mostram menos dificuldades nas EAP com a preposição com. Além disso, verifica-se que as EAP com a são a fonte das maiores dificuldades para todos os aprendentes, sendo também esta preposição a que é substituída com mais frequência pelos alunos. A preposição mais omissa foi por (em A1 e A2), provavelmente por ser pouco frequente nos níveis elementares. Verificou-se que a frequência dos verbos tem influência (positiva e negativa) ao longo de processo de aprendizagem das EAP. Em muitos casos, as EAP dos verbos mais frequentes são aprendidas com mais facilidade, enquanto as EAP dos verbos menos frequentes provocam mais problemas aos alunos de todos os níveis. Por outro lado, o sentido dos verbos (mais concreto ou mais abstrato) também tem um peso não negligenciável. Ou seja, as EAP dos verbos com sentidos mais concretos (de espaço, de tempo, de movimento) são mais facilmente assimiladas pelos alunos de PLNM – e como tal objeto de menos desvios –, enquanto as EAP dos verbos com sentidos abstratos (de crença, de atividade psicológica) são objeto de maior dificuldade. Constatou-se ainda que o input tem influência (positiva ou negativa) na proficiência dos alunos: as EAP encontradas com mais frequência no input são assimiladas com mais facilidade pelos alunos de PLNM e, pelo contrário, aquelas com as quais o contacto é menor provocam mais dificuldades. Por último, não há apenas um fator, mas vários, que ajuda(m) ou dificulta(m) a aprendizagem proficiente das EAP: a frequência das preposições/verbos/EAP e do input, o sentido das preposições e verbos, o contexto onde as EAP estão inseridas, o nível de proficiência linguística dos alunos e o seu conhecimento do mundo interferem no desempenho destes aquando da sua aprendizagem das EAP do PLNM. The fundamental objective of this study is to know the degree of proficiency that learners of Portuguese as a Non-Native Language (PNNL) present in their learning process of the prepositional argument structure (PAS) in Portuguese. More specifically, the study aims to understand if there is a correlation between the level of knowledge of PNNL learners and the learning of Portuguese PAS. Through specially elaborated surveys, it assesses whether verb frequency and preposition frequency, amongst other factors, have a positive, a negative or no effect (at all) in the learning process of PAS, and if the frequency of input has some kind of influence on students’ choices. It also tries to establish which preposition is more often replaced or suppressed and what preposition is more used by these learners in order to replace the intended one. In order to know which verb/ preposition/ PAS is learned more easily / more difficulty, survey data was analyzed according to the level of the Common Reference Language Framework (CRLF) learning levels (CRLF A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1), verb frequency and types of deviant occurrence. Data analysis shows that PAS with the prepositions de and em (the most frequent prepositions in Portuguese) do not bring many problems to A1/ A2 and B1 students. In addition, de was also the most used preposition in order to replace others. B2 and C1 learners show less difficulties in PAS with the preposition com (which has a more concrete meaning). All PAS with a are very difficult for all learners and a has been replaced more frequently. Por was very often omitted by A1/ A2 learners, probably because it is less frequent at these learning levels. Verb frequency and meaning (more concrete / more abstract) also influence (positively and negatively) PAS learning processes. In many cases, the structure of the highest frequency verbs is learned more easily, whereas the structure of low frequency verbs entails more problems at all levels. Also, PAS of verbs with a more concrete meaning (space, time, movement) are more easily learned by students, while PAS of verbs with an abstract meaning (belief or physiological activity) are more difficult. Finally, high or low input also has some influence in PAS learning. PAS found with more frequency in the input don’t bring many problems to the students. On the contrary, less frequent PAS cause more difficulties. Overall, data show that learning of PAS in Portuguese does not depend on one factor alone, but rather depends on several intertwined factors: frequency of prepositions/ verbs/ PAS and input, PAS context, meaning of prepositions and verbs, students’ linguistic proficiency and their knowledge of the world.

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Murthy, Chenna Kesava M. "The argument structure of telugu verbs." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1016.

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REMEŠ, Štěpán. "Kauzativní vazby "FARE + infinitiv": typologie a české ekvivalenty." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-188331.

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The topic of this diploma thesis is Italian causative constructions fare + infinitive. The work is divided into two parts. In the first, theoretical, part the author defines Italian causative constructions then he describes their syntactic and semantic properties. After that the author turns his focus to Czech causative constructions which are followed by the second, practical, part of the work. In that part the author works with itWaC, an Italian web corpus, on the basis of which he makes a list of verbs that enter into causative constructions. Thereafter, the author proposes translations of the most frequent constructions and in case of more possible translations of the same one, he tries to theoretically explain such a situation.

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Troberg, Michelle. "Dynamic Two-place Indirect Verbs in French: A Synchronic and Diachronic Study in Variation and Change of Valence." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17269.

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This dissertation provides an account of an often-noted change in the history of French: the shift in the expression of the internal argument of a small class of dynamic two-place verbs best represented by aider ‘to help’ from “dative”, i.e., as an indirect object with the preposition à, to “accusative”, i.e., as a direct object with no preposition. The change does not appear to be correlated with a change in the meaning of the verbs. Traditional commentators have viewed it as random, affecting only a few lexical items, rather than systematic. One of the central results of this thesis is that the valency change affects a class of some twenty verbs at approximately the same period and it follows the same time course. Moreover, three properties distinguish this class of verbs from all others taking indirect objects in French: following current ideas about the syntactic manifestation of verbs and their arguments, they have a non relational argument structure, they do not possess lexical directionality, and they select for first or third order entities. These facts suggest that a structural change underlies the change in the realization of the internal argument. Adopting Lightfoot’s (1999, 2006) “cue-based” approach to language change, it is proposed that the valency change is a result of the loss of a functional item encoding directionality. Directionality is a derived property in Medieval French, available in particular to prepositions. It is demonstrated that when à was able to encode direction, it was also able to license first and third order complements in a broader range of contexts, namely, with aider-type verbs. The loss of this functional item is also correlated with several other structural changes that occurred in the 16th and 17th century.

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Fournier, David Hershler. "La structure du prédicat verbal : une étude de la construction à double objet en français." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24750.

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The present thesis addresses the issue as to why the double object construction (e.g., John gave Mary a book) seems to appear in certain languages but not in others. This construction has received much attention in past research in formal linguistics and has played a central role in developing our understanding of the internal structure of the VP. Previous studies generally define the construction with respect to relative linear order of the object complements of the verb and the lack of morphological markings on these objects. We show that these properties are not inherent to the construction and that consequently, the construction exists in a wider variety of languages than previously assumed, particularly French. Along the lines of Goldberg (1995, 2006), we develop a universal semantic definition of the construction, which may be used as a diagnostic to test, systematically and categorically, its presence across languages. In particular, we identify the double object construction in French as, for example, Jean a donné le livre à Marie. We then explain the cross-linguistic structural differences with a Case-driven approach. Specifically, we argue that the inherent dative Case, present in French but not in English, is responsible for the structural differences recognized between the languages. By adopting a minimalist derivation of argument structure (Chomsky 1995, 2000, 2004) and the applicative analysis (Pylkkänen 2002), we are able to determine the syntax of the construction, while eliminating the redundancies and limitations of previous accounts. We present certain resulting predictions related to the grammar, including a generalisation of Case-checking by the low applicative phrase, a syntactic position related to the direct object properties, and universal properties of the construction itself. In all, this thesis offers empirical evidence for the universality of the double object construction and Case-driven syntactic derivation.

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"From words to structure: How syntax can affect the distribution and interpretation of verbs and their arguments three case studies from Japanese." UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO, 2010. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3371731.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Verb argument structure'

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