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Islami, Muhammad Masrur, Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen, and Safar Dody. "SPATIAL VARIATION IN POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF VENUS CLAM GAFRARIUM TUMIDUM RÖDING, 1798 (BIVALVIA: VENERIDAE) IN AMBON BAY, MALUKU." Marine Research in Indonesia 43, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v43i2.256.
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Ambon Bay consists of two regions i.e. Inner and Outer Ambon Bay that was separated by Galala-Poka sill. Consequently these waters have different local environmental conditions that leads to the bivalve populations differences, one of them is venus clam Gafrarium tumidum. In this study, the distribution and spatial variation in population characteristics of of venus clam was quantified based on the analysis of their twelve shell dimensions from different populations. Fieldwork and analyses were conducted on April – Juni 2013. Total of 585 individuals of venus clam were found and could be divided into ten size-classes and three size categories i.e. small (< 23.11 mm), medium (23.12–32.05 mm) and large size (> 32.06 mm). The highest size-class density was found at medium size. Spatial distribution was related to the characteristics of sediment and other potential factors. Result of discriminant analysis showed that shell-width (SW) was the variable with the highest discriminating power and distinguishing between Inner and Outer Ambon Bay populations.
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Donald, Stephen L. "Dual heritage, shared future: James Cook, Tupaea and the transit of Venus at Tolaga Bay." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 42, no. 2 (June 2012): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2012.672431.
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Guillou, J., and P. G. Sauriau. "Some Observations on the Biology and the Ecology of a Venus Striatula Population in the Bay of Douarnenez, Brittany." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 65, no. 4 (November 1985): 889–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400019391.
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INTRODUCTIONVenus striatula (da Costa) (= Venus gallina L.) occurs in high densities in shallow water on a bottom of clean fine sand in the Bay of Douarnenez. The environmental conditions are characterized by an obvious sediment instability due to a high exposure to westerly swells (Guillou & Le Moal, 1978). This species is preferentially distributed in the fine sands (Petersen, 1913; Thorson, 1957), but is relatively tolerant towards certain ecological factors and so is sometimes found in very muddy sediments. It also shows an extended latitudinal range, since it is recorded from the Lofoten Islands to the Canaries, in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (Tebble, 1966).
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Navarro, Jorge M., Loreto P. González, and Oscar R. Chaparro. "Filtering capacity and endoscopic analysis of sympatric infaunal and epifaunal bivalves of southern Chile." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 8 (July 13, 2010): 1607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410000925.
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The bivalves Mytilus chilensis, Venus antiqua, Mulinia edulis and Tagelus dombeii inhabit different levels of the tidal flats in Yaldad Bay, southern Chile. Mytilus chilensis is an epifaunal bivalve, which, at this location, is also farmed in culture rafts; whereas the other species belong to the infauna. The objective of this study was to compare filtering capacity of these species; in order to do this, measurements of food consumption were taken by quantifying clearance rates, as well as taking morphological measurements of their feeding systems (gills and labial palps), and endoscopic observations to determine the velocity of particle transport within the gills. All of these parameters were related to the sediments present in environments occupied by these species. In Mytilus chilensis, both wild and farmed, gill area was significantly higher than in the three infaunal species. Mulinia edulis and Venus antiqua did not show any significant differences in gill area. As far as Tagelus dombeii is concerned, the species presented the lowest values among all species studied. Weight of labial palps was significantly higher in Mulinia edulis compared to the other species. There were no significant differences between labial palps of either wild or farmed Mytilus chilensis or in those of Venus antiqua and Tagelus dombeii. A positive, significant relationship was identified between labial palps size and mud sediment content. Both culture-rafts and intertidal Mytilus chilensis displayed a clearance rate that was significantly higher than the infaunal species, concurring with a significant relationship between clearance rate and gill area in the different species studied. Clearance rates displayed by Venus antiqua, Mulinia edulis and Tagelus dombeii did not show significantly different results among them. Mytilus chilensis from both culture-rafts and intertidal zone displayed higher values of particle transport velocity than the infaunal species. Particle transport was not observed in the dorsal canal of any of the species studied. The conclusion is that in these species filtering capacity is determined mostly by gill size and that labial palp size displays a strong relationship with sediment content in the mud of Yaldad tidal flats.
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Baeta, Marc, Claudia Rubio, and Françoise Breton. "Impact of mechanized clam dredging on the discarded megabenthic fauna on the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 101, no. 3 (May 2021): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315421000369.
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AbstractThere is an important small-scale fishery using mechanized dredges and targeting clams (mainly wedge clam Donax trunculus and striped venus clam Chamelea gallina) along the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean Sea). This study evaluated for the first time the discards and impact of mechanized clam dredging on the Catalan coast. To this end, three surveys were performed on board standard clam vessels (September and November 2016 and January 2017). Surveys were conducted in the three main clam fishing areas (Rosas Bay, South Barcelona and Ebro Delta). The composition of discards and the impact caused to discarded species was assessed using a three-level scale (undamaged; minor or partial damage; and lethal damage). Our study revealed that a large proportion of the catch (between 67–82% weight) is discarded. Even though about 63% of the discarded species were undamaged, 11% showed minor or partial damage and 26% lethal damage. Infaunal and epifaunal species with soft-body or fragile shells were the most impacted by the fishing activity (e.g. the sea urchin Echinocardium mediterraneum (~89%) and the bivalve Ensis minor (~74%)). Our results showed different levels of impact by target species and fishing area.
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Delroy, LB, J. Earl, I. Radbone, AC Robinson, and M. Hewett. "The Breeding and Reestablishment of the Brush-Tailed Bettong, Bettongia-Penicillata, in South-Australia." Wildlife Research 13, no. 3 (1986): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860387.
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The brush-tailed bettong formerly ranged over much of southern Australia, but is now extinct except in the south-west of Western Australia and northern Queensland. A small colony was obtained from the Perth Zoo in 1975 and these were bred successfully at the Para Wirra Recreation Park near Adelaide and provided stock for a re-establishment program in South Australia. Details of the breeding program are given. Bettongs were kept in small colonies, usually one male and two or three females; the young were removed when they reached 550 g, or, with very intensive breeding, at a lower weight. The animals were fed principally on commercial kangaroo pellets with a range of supplements. Usually two offspring per year were produced although up to three were produced with intensive breeding. Females commenced breeding when approximately 4 months old. Techniques for re-establishment were tested on small islands. One island, Island A in Venus Bay, provided apparently ideal habitat and the captive-bred stock released there established quickly. Bettongs bred in the wild on two small and two large islands. However, the introduction to St Francis I., their last stronghold before extinction in South Australia, was least successful. Possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Lewis, Zac, Khageswor Giri, Vincent L. Versace, and Carol Scarpaci. "Applying stock indicators for assessment of a recreational surf clam (Donax deltoides) fishery in Victoria, Australia." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 5 (December 18, 2012): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001695.
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The aim of this study was to apply indicators for monitoring the impacts of harvest in a recreational surf clam fishery. We investigated trends in abundance, biomass and size structure and proportion of sexual maturity for the pipi (Donax deltoides) in Venus Bay, Australia. The surf clam stock was sampled during the peak harvesting season in the Australian summer (November to February) at four sites exposed to varying degrees of recreational harvest. Sampling was based on three transects at each site; with 0.027 m3 (0.3 m × 0.3 m × 0.3 m) quadrats stratified within transects by tidal position. Restricted maximum likelihood mixed model analyses were used to examine fixed effect combinations after including a priori random effect for transect within site. Results demonstrated that relative abundance varied significantly (P = 0.0090) among sampling months but not among sites. Relative abundance declined across the peak summer harvest season. The proportion of maturity varied significantly (P = 0.00026) among sites whereas relative biomass varied significantly (P = 0.0043) among months by sites. Relative biomass and the proportion of maturity were considerably higher at the site exposed to minimal harvest compared to other sites. This study demonstrates that a suite of indictors including biomass, size–frequency and proportion of maturity are likely to provide a more accurate assessment of stock status in recreationally fished surf clam populations, than relative abundance. This highlights the need to develop methods to estimate relative biomass in surf clam populations that are not exploited commercially.
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BARTLEY, MARILYNN KYRITSIS. "Keep venous thromboembolism at bay." Nursing 36, no. 10 (October 2006): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200610000-00034.
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&NA;. "Keep venous thromboembolism at bay." Nursing 36, no. 10 (October 2006): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200610000-00035.
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Berris, Karleah K., Steven J. B. Cooper, William G. Breed, and Susan M. Carthew. "Timing of breeding and female fecundity of the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) in the temperate zone of South Australia: implications for translocations of a previously widespread species." Wildlife Research 46, no. 5 (2019): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18159.
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Context Many of Australia’s threatened mammals were once widespread across the continent and present in both arid, semiarid and temperate habitats. However, data on breeding biology can be lacking for some climatic regions due to local extinctions of populations. The breeding biology of the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) has previously only been studied in captive colonies or free-ranging arid zone populations. Between 1997 and 2005, captive-bred bilbies were released at two sites in temperate South Australia. These populations provided an opportunity to determine whether bilbies adopt a seasonal reproductive strategy in the temperate zone, where this species has not been present since the early 1900s. Aims To determine the season of births, litter size and female reproductive potential in two free-ranging populations of the bilby in the temperate zone of South Australia. Methods Bilbies were regularly cage-trapped at Venus Bay Conservation Park and Thistle Island between August 2007 and April 2010 to obtain data on reproductive activity in both populations. Key results Births of pouch young in both populations occurred in winter (June–August), spring and early summer, but not between February and mid-May. Males had a significantly smaller mean testes size relative to head length in late summer, when breeding activity ceased. Average litter size at pouch emergence was between 1.00 and 1.47 pouch young, with females producing up to three litters per annum. The mean head length of females that successfully raised twins was significantly larger than that of females who raised a single pouch young. Conclusions The seasonal breeding pattern observed in the present study differs from that of year-round reproductive activity in captivity and the arid zone. The present study suggests that female body size influences fecundity, and that releasing large females at the start of the breeding season in temperate areas may maximise the initial rate of increase of a translocated bilby population. Implications The present study suggests previously widespread species such as the bilby can adapt their reproductive strategy to suit local conditions. Cessation of breeding in autumn, as observed in this study, has also been observed in other bandicoot species in southern Australia.
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Howarth, David, and Scott James. "The politics of bank structural reform: Business power and agenda setting in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany." Business and Politics 22, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2019.5.
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AbstractFollowing the financial crisis, the United Kingdom introduced major structural reforms to address concern about Too-Big-To-Fail (TBTF) banks, while France and Germany adopted much weaker reforms. This is puzzling given the presence of large universal banks engaged in market making activities in all three countries, which suffered significant losses during the international financial crisis, and given the commitments to reform made by political leaders in all three countries. The paper explains this policy divergence by analysing how dynamics of agenda setting contributed to the emergence of policy windows on structural reform. We explain the United Kingdom's decision to delegate the process to an independent commission as an example of venue shifting which helped to insulate the process from industry framing, and resulted in “conflict expansion” by mobilizing a wider coalition of actors in support of bank ringfencing. By contrast, in France and Germany the agenda was tightly managed through existing institutional venues, enabling industry to resist the framing of the issue around TBTF and limiting the role of non-business groups—a process we label as “conflict contraction.” We argue that analysis of agenda setting dynamics provides new insights into the cross-national variability of business power.
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Bhattacharya, S., and J. Bhattacharya. "Segmental vascular responses to voltage-gated calcium channel potentiation in rat lung." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.2.657.
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We determined lung vascular responses to voltage-gated Ca2+ channel potentiation with BAY K 8644 (BAY). We anesthetized 46 rats (Sprague-Dawley; halothane and pentobarbital) and then excised and perfused their lungs at constant blood flow of 25 +/- 2 (SE) ml.kg-1.min-1 at constant airway and left atrial pressures of 5 and 6 cmH2O, respectively. Pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) increased from 13.3 +/- 0.3 cmH2O at baseline to 17.3 +/- 1.3 cmH2O after BAY (2.8 x 10(-6) M; n = 5; P less than 0.01). As determined by micropuncture, arteriolar and venular (Pven) pressures did not change. Increase of perfusate Ca2+ (16 x 10(-3) M; n = 8) similarly increased Ppa. NG-mono-methyl-L-arginine (2 x 10(-4) M), an inhibitor of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, augmented the pressor effect of BAY when given after (n = 4) but not before (n = 4) BAY (P less than 0.01). Prior cyclooxygenase blockade with indomethacin (5 mg/kg; n = 5) attenuated the Ppa response to BAY (P less than 0.01). None of these agents changed Pven. To confirm vasoactivity in veins, we induced smooth muscle depolarization with KCl (20 x 10(-3) M; n = 6) and receptor-mediated responses with histamine (3 x 10(-4) M; n = 7). Both of these agents increased Pven markedly (P less than 0.01). We interpret that, in rat lung, BAY causes arterial but not venous constriction, because the venous segment differs from the arterial with regard to Ca2+ channel potentiation.
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Kubitza, Dagmar, Michael Becka, Wolfgang Mueck, and Michael Zuehlsdorf. "Naproxen Has No Relevant Effect on the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics of BAY 59-7939 - An Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1873.1873.
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Abstract BAY 59-7939 is a novel, oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor in clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. BAY 59-7939 compared favourably with enoxaparin in recent clinical trials of the prevention of venous thromboembolism following major orthopaedic surgery. Possible concomitant medications in patients receiving BAY 59-7939 for either the prevention or treatment of venous thromboembolism include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as naproxen. This randomized, two-way crossover study was performed to investigate the influence of naproxen on the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of BAY 59-7939 in 11 healthy male subjects. The study included a run-in period with naproxen. Treatments were: naproxen 500 mg on 2 consecutive days (run-in), followed by a 14-day washout period, and then randomization either to BAY 59-7939 15 mg; or to naproxen 500 mg on the first day, and naproxen 500 mg and BAY 59-7939 15 mg on the second day. There was a 14-day washout period between crossovers. BAY 59-7939, naproxen, and the combination were well tolerated. Adverse events (eight in total) were reported by three subjects, and all were mild in intensity; there were no drug-related, treatment-emergent adverse events. BAY 59-7939 significantly inhibited Factor Xa activity by 35%, and prolonged prothrombin time (by 1.4 times baseline [tb]), activated partial thromboplastin time (1.3 tb), and HepTest (1.9 tb), with no influence from naproxen. No interaction was observed with respect to collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation. BAY 59-7939 and naproxen together significantly increased bleeding time compared with BAY 59-7939 alone; however, this difference was small compared with naproxen alone for all but one subject. This indicates that some subjects may be more sensitive to the combined effect of naproxen and BAY 59-7939. However, analysis of patients’ data from clinical trials after major orthopaedic surgery showed similar bleeding risks in patients with and without co-medication with NSAIDs at BAY 59-7939 doses up to 10 mg twice daily. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for BAY 59-7939 both increased by approximately 10% following co-administration of naproxen; however, this small increase in BAY 59-7939 bioavailability was not considered clinically relevant. In conclusion, there is no relevant interaction between BAY 59-7939 and naproxen, although some individuals may be more sensitive to a combination of these drugs. Initial analysis of data from phase II clinical trials of BAY 59-7939 has shown a similar bleeding risk in patients using NSAIDs concomitantly compared with BAY 59-7939 alone. This will be further substantiated in phase III trials. Parameter Naproxen BAY 59-7939 BAY 59-7939 + naproxen aGeometric mean/geometric coefficient of variation; bMedian relative change from baseline; N=11 for all data Bleeding time (tb)a 1.46/0.583 1.20/0.613 2.17/0.576 Platelet aggregationb 0.052 1.02 0.086 AUC (μg.h/L)a - 1250/28.56 1396/26.30 Cmax (μ g/L)a - 152.9/31.51 165.3/27.69
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Tamari, Y., K. Lee-Sensiba, J. Beck, R. Chan, M. Salogub, M. Hall, T. Lee, R. Ganju, and L. Mongero. "A new top-loading venous bag provides vacuum-assisted venous drainage." Perfusion 17, no. 5 (September 2002): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659102pf598oa.
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A new venous bag has been developed, prototyped, and tested. The new bag has its inlet, outlet purge, and infusion tubes extending upward from the top of the bag, and are threaded through, bonded to, and sealed within a flat rigid top plate. This design allows the bag to be hung from its top plate by its tubes. It also allows the bag to be: 1) dropped into or removed from its holder, as is done with existing hard-shell reservoirs so that its weight pulls it into the holder without the need for eyelets and hooks and 2) placed closer to the floor so that gravity drainage is facilitated. The V-Bag® (VB) is easily sealed within an accompanying rigid housing. Once sealed, vacuum applied to the housing is transmitted across the flexible walls of the bag to the venous blood. Thus, vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) is obtained as it is with a hard-shell reservoir, but without any contact of air with the blood. Bench tests, using a circuit that simulated the venous side of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit, showed that applying suction to the housing increased venous flow, and the fractional increase in flow was not a function of the venous cannula, but of the level of vacuum applied. In the gravity drainage mode, the bubble counts at the outlet of the V-Bag compared to two other bags were lower at any pumping condition. When used in the VAVD mode, bubble counts were two orders of magnitude lower than when using kinetically assisted venous drainage (KAVD) with a centrifugal pump. Results obtained with the VB suggest its clinical usefulness.
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Gaspo, R., N. Yamaguchi, and J. De Champlain. "Effects of nifedipine and Bay K 8644 on stimulation-induced adrenal catecholamine secretion in the dog." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 265, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): R28—R34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.265.1.r28.
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The effects of nifedipine and BAY K 8644 on the adrenal medullary secretion in response to direct splanchnic nerve stimulation were studied in anesthetized dogs. Supramaximal stimulation (12 V) was given on the left splanchnic nerve at a frequency of 2 Hz with three different pulse durations (0.2, 2, and 20 ms) for a total period of 1.5 min. Each stimulation was given for 30 s without interruption between each stimulation. Plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured in adrenal venous and aortic blood. In the vehicle control group, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations in adrenal venous blood proportionally increased with the lengthening of the pulse duration without significant changes in catecholamine concentrations in aortic blood. In dogs receiving nifedipine (100 micrograms/kg iv), the net increase in adrenal venous epinephrine concentration during stimulation with 20-ms pulse duration was attenuated by approximately 50% (P < 0.05). In dogs treated with BAY K 8644 (30 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 iv), both adrenal venous epinephrine and norepinephrine secretions evoked by stimulation with 20-ms pulse duration were significantly enhanced by approximately 50%. The present results suggest that the secretion of adrenal catecholamines under in vivo conditions is controlled through mechanism(s) involving dihydropyridine sensitive L-type Ca2+ channels presumably localized on the surface of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells.
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Rodríguez-Uribe, María Carolina, Francisco Javier Núñez-Cornú, Rosa María Chávez-Dagostino, and Elizabeth Trejo-Gómez. "Granulometric Analysis of Shallow Vents Sediments at Banderas Bay (Mexico)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050342.
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Ocean hydrothermal activity is well known from deep-sea studies; however, few studies have been reported at shallow depth. A shallow submarine hydrothermal system at Punta Mita described in 2000 was studied to determine the grain size classification of the marine sediments of this hydrothermal system. Three sites with hydrothermal activity were included. Each one was divided into three areas: with hydrothermal activity, intermediate, and out of hydrothermal activity. In each area, two sediment cores were randomly collected by scuba diving (number of sediment cores = 18). All sediment samples were subjected to a previous treatment, to eliminate salts and organic matter. The grain sizes were sieved and then classified following the Udden–Wentworth scale. A principal coordinate analysis was performed to determine if there was any association of the statistical moments with the areas and sites of study. The textural composition of the sediments in the hydrothermal influence areas is sand, where the very fine sand is the dominant grain size, which was confirmed with the mean moment. The sediments are characteristic of the tidal areas, except for those sediments in the areas with hydrothermal activity.
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Jones, A. W., K. A. Jönsson, and L. Jorfeldt. "Differences between capillary and venous blood-alcohol concentrations as a function of time after drinking, with emphasis on sampling variations in left vs right arm." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.3.400.
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Abstract Twelve healthy men drank 0.8 g of ethanol per kilogram of body weight during 30 min after an overnight (10 h) fast. At nine exactly timed intervals (30-390 min after the start of drinking), blood was sampled through indwelling catheters in cubital veins on the left and right arms. Immediately thereafter, capillary blood was sampled from fingertips on the left and right hands. The blood ethanol concentration (BAC) was determined by headspace gas chromatography. The SD for alcohol determinations in venous blood, including the left vs right arm sampling variation, was 30 mg/L (range 8.3-83 mg/L), whereas for capillary blood the SD was 35 mg/L (range 11-60 mg/L). This difference much exceeded the purely analytical errors: SD = 2.67 mg/L for venous blood and 14.2 mg/L for fingertip blood. During the first 60 min after the subjects started to drink, capillary BAC exceeded venous BAC, the mean difference at 30 min being 136 mg/L (range 36-216 mg/L). In the postabsorptive state later than 60 min after drinking, venous BAC exceeded capillary BAC [mean difference 58 mg/L (range 0.0-170 mg/L]), the values for venous and capillary BAC crossing 37 min (range 6-77 min) after the end of drinking. Apparently, the source of blood analyzed, venous or capillary, must be considered in clinical pharmacokinetic studies of ethanol.
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Yong, Hua-Hie, Kin Foong, Ron Borland, Maizurah Omar, Stephen Hamann, Buppha Sirirassamee, Geoffrey T. Fong, Omid Fotuhi, and Andrew Hyland. "Support for and Reported Compliance Among Smokers With Smoke-Free Policies in Air-Conditioned Hospitality Venues in Malaysia and Thailand: Findings From the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 22, no. 1 (December 23, 2009): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539509351303.
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This study examined support for and reported compliance with smoke-free policy in air-conditioned restaurants and other similar places among adult smokers in Malaysia and Thailand. Baseline data (early 2005) from the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey (ITC-SEA), conducted face-to-face in Malaysia and Thailand (n = 4005), were used. Among those attending venues, reported total smoking bans in indoor air-conditioned places such as restaurants, coffee shops, and karaoke lounges were 40% and 57% in Malaysia and Thailand, respectively. Support for a total ban in air-conditioned venues was high and similar for both countries (82% Malaysian and 90% Thai smokers who believed there was a total ban), but self-reported compliance with bans in such venues was significantly higher in Thailand than in Malaysia (95% vs 51%, P < .001). As expected, reporting a ban in air-conditioned venues was associated with a greater support for a ban in such venues in both countries.
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Jensen, Tommy G. "Wind-Driven Response of the Northern Indian Ocean to Climate Extremes*." Journal of Climate 20, no. 13 (July 1, 2007): 2978–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4150.1.
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Abstract Composites of Florida State University winds (1970–99) for four different climate scenarios are used to force an Indian Ocean model. In addition to the mean climatology, the cases include La Niña, El Niño, and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The differences in upper-ocean water mass exchanges between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are investigated and show that, during El Niño and IOD years, the average clockwise Indian Ocean circulation is intensified, while it is weakened during La Niña years. As a consequence, high-salinity water export from the Arabian Sea into the Bay of Bengal is enhanced during El Niño and IOD years, while transport of low-salinity waters from the Bay of Bengal into the Arabian Sea is enhanced during La Niña years. This provides a venue for interannual salinity variations in the northern Indian Ocean.
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Eriksson, Bengt I., Lars Borris, Ola E. Dahl, Sylvia Haas, Menno V. Huisman, Ajay K. Kakkar, Frank Misselwitz, Eva Muehlhofer, and Peter Kälebo. "Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism after Total Hip Replacement with Once-Daily BAY 59-7939 - An Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.280.280.
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Abstract Venous thromboembolism is a serious risk after major surgery, and significant research is underway to develop novel, convenient anticoagulants. Patients undergoing hip replacement surgery are a suitable population for the study of novel anticoagulants because of a high rate of silent deep vein thromboses (DVTs), and the ability to quantify bleeding in a controlled environment. BAY 59-7939 is an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor in clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Dose-finding studies in hip and knee replacement patients showed that twice-daily, oral BAY 59-7939 initiated post-operatively had a wide therapeutic window, with similar efficacy and safety to enoxaparin (30 mg twice-daily or 40 mg once-daily) for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and was unlikely to require monitoring. This European, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, dose-finding study was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily, oral BAY 59-7939 with subcutaneous enoxaparin for VTE prevention in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Males over the age of 18 and postmenopausal females undergoing elective total hip replacement were randomized to oral BAY 59-7939 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 mg once daily, or subcutaneous enoxaparin 40 mg once daily. Patients received enoxaparin on the evening before surgery and at least 6–8 hours after surgery, or BAY 59-7939 6–8 hours after surgery. Study drugs were then given every 24±2 hours. Each treatment group was to include 135 patients: a total of 810 patients. Mandatory bilateral ascending venography was performed 6–10 days after surgery; the last dose of study drug was given on the day before venography. Patients were followed for 30–60 days after the last study treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of any DVT, objectively confirmed non-fatal pulmonary embolism (PE), and all-cause mortality; the secondary efficacy endpoint was major VTE - proximal DVT, PE, or VTE-related death. The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of major, post-operative bleeding not later than 2 days after the last intake of study drug; secondary safety endpoints included clinically relevant, non-major bleeding, and minor bleeding. An in-depth analysis of the study results will be presented here. Based on the study findings, the potential clinical impact of oral BAY 59-7939 administered once-daily for thromboprophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery will be discussed.
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van Vuuren, Timme MAJ, Mark AF de Wolf, and Cees HA Wittens. "Relevance of flexibility versus radial force in rigid versus more flexible venous stents?" Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 34, no. 7 (December 24, 2018): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355518819398.
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Introduction Deep venous stenting has gained increasing interest. More flexible venous stents are thought to gain superior clinical outcomes. This research evaluated the patency and clinical outcomes between more rigid stents and more flexible stents. Material and methods The Venous Clinical Severity Score, Villalta, complication rates and patency rates were evaluated. The more rigid stents included the Sinus XL, the Veniti VICI and the Sinus Obliquus. The flexible group included the Zilver Vena or the Sinus Venous stents. Results Differences in Venous Clinical Severity Score (p = 0.09) and Villalta score were found (p = 0.28). Tapering (0 versus 5, p = 0.03) and bad alignment were found (0 versus 5, p = 0.03). The rigid stents showed patency rates of 80, 86 and 92% compared to 88, 96 and 98% in the flexible group. Conclusion Dedicated venous stents show good patency outcomes and clinical results. Tapering and bad alignment between connecting stents are more frequently seen in more rigid stents.
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AKHILESH, K. V., T. G. KISHORE, M. MUKTHA, M. W. LISHER, GOP P. AMBARISH, and C. ANULEKSHMI. "Pseudanthias vizagensis, a junior synonym of Pseudanthias pillai Heemstra & Akhilesh, 2012 (Perciformes: Serranidae)." Zootaxa 4890, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4890.1.9.
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Pseudanthias vizagensis Krishna, Rao and Venu, 2017 was described from 44 specimens, collected from Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), on the Bay of Bengal coast of India, but without clear designation of a holotype. The characters used for differentiating the species from its nearest congener Pseudanthias pillai Heemstra & Akhilesh, 2012, a species currently known only from the northern Indian Ocean, were limited, poor and substantially overlapping. Examination of additional material of P. pillai from the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, and comparison with the original description and images of P. vizagensis revealed that the latter is a junior synonym of P. pillai. Diagnostic characters are reviewed, additional morphological details and fresh colouration, including sexual dimorphic characters not covered in previous works are provided.
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Jones, A. W., K. M. Beylich, A. Bjørneboe, J. Ingum, and J. Mørland. "Measuring Ethanol in Blood and Breath for Legal Purposes: Variability between Laboratories and between Breath-Test Instruments." Clinical Chemistry 38, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.5.743.
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Abstract We determined the concentrations of ethanol in nearly simultaneous specimens of venous blood (BAC) and end-expired breath (BrAC) after healthy volunteers drank moderate amounts of alcohol. BAC was measured at two laboratories and BrAC was analyzed with two instruments (Intoxilyzer 5000) from the same manufacturer. The mean difference in BAC between laboratories was 0.0105 mg/g (SD 0.0219); 95% of the differences ranged from -0.0333 to 0.0543 mg/g. The mean difference in BrAC between instruments was 0.0153 mg/L (SD 0.0136), and 95% of the differences ranged from -0.0119 to 0.0425 mg/L. The coefficient of variation (CV) between laboratories was 2.9% compared with 4.5% between breath-test instruments. Venous BAC (y) and BrAC (x) were highly correlated (r = 0.978). However, when the Intoxilyzer instruments indicated that BrAC had reached zero, the actual BAC was 0.135 mg/g, according to the average forensic laboratory reports. The Intoxilyzer 5000 breath analyzers used in this study seem to have a constant analytical bias.
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Eisenhofer, Graeme, Tanja Dekkers, Mirko Peitzsch, Anna S. Dietz, Martin Bidlingmaier, Marcus Treitl, Tracy A. Williams, et al. "Mass Spectrometry–Based Adrenal and Peripheral Venous Steroid Profiling for Subtyping Primary Aldosteronism." Clinical Chemistry 62, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2015.251199.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Differentiating patients with primary aldosteronism caused by aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) from those with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH), which is essential for choice of therapeutic intervention, relies on adrenal venous sampling (AVS)-based measurements of aldosterone and cortisol. We assessed the utility of LC-MS/MS–based steroid profiling to stratify patients with primary aldosteronism. METHODS Fifteen adrenal steroids were measured by LC-MS/MS in peripheral and adrenal venous plasma from AVS studies for 216 patients with primary aldosteronism at 3 tertiary referral centers. Ninety patients were diagnosed with BAH and 126 with APAs on the basis of immunoassay-derived adrenal venous aldosterone lateralization ratios. RESULTS Among 119 patients confirmed to have APAs at follow-up, LC-MS/MS–derived lateralization ratios of aldosterone normalized to cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and androstenedione were all higher (P < 0.0001) than immunoassay-derived ratios. The hybrid steroids, 18-oxocortisol and 18-hydroxycortisol, also showed lateralized secretion in 76% and 35% of patients with APAs. Adrenal venous concentrations of glucocorticoids and androgens were bilaterally higher in patients with BAH than in those with APAs. Consequently, peripheral plasma concentrations of 18-oxocortisol were 8.5-fold higher, whereas concentrations of cortisol, corticosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone were lower in patients with APAs than in those with BAH. Correct classification of 80% of cases of APAs vs BAH was thereby possible by use of a combination of steroids in peripheral plasma. CONCLUSIONS LC-MS/MS–based steroid profiling during AVS achieves higher aldosterone lateralization ratios in patients with APAs than immunoassay. LC-MS/MS also enables multiple measures for discriminating unilateral from bilateral aldosterone excess, with potential use of peripheral plasma for subtype classification.
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Perzborn, Elisabeth, Philip Friederich, Marcel Levi, Ulf Buetehorn, Harry Büller, and Bart Biemond. "Prevention and treatment of experimental thrombosis in rabbits with rivaroxaban (BAY 597939) – an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 97, no. 03 (2007): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th06-11-0620.
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SummaryCurrent anticoagulant therapies for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders have many drawbacks: vitamin K antagonists interact with food and drugs and require frequent laboratory monitoring, and heparins require parenteral administration. Oral rivaroxaban (BAY 597939) is a new, highly selective and potent direct factor-Xa (FXa) inhibitor with a predictable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile and could therefore be an attractive antithrombotic drug. It was the objective of this study to investigate the antithrombotic efficacy of oral rivaroxaban in two rabbit models of experimental venous thrombosis. In the venous stasis (prevention) model, animals were randomized to receive oral rivaroxaban 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 or 10.0 mg/kg or vehicle control. Thrombosis was induced by jugular vein stasis and injection of thromboplastin into the ear vein. In the venous thrombosis (treatment) model, intravenous (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and oral (3.0 mg/kg) rivaroxaban was compared with intravenous nadroparin (40 U bolus and 20 U/h), fon-daparinux (42 Mg/kg) and vehicle control. Thrombus growth was assessed by measuring the accretion of radiolabeled fibrinogen into preformed clots in the jugular veins. Bleeding was assessed using an ear bleeding model. In the prevention model, rivaroxaban reduced thrombus formation dose-dependently (calculated ED50 1.3 mg/kg). In the treatment model, oral rivaroxaban (3.0 mg/kg) reduced thrombus growth to a similar extent to intravenous rivaroxaban (1.0 mg/kg), nadroparin and fondapari-nux. Oral rivaroxaban did not prolong bleeding time. In conclusion, the orally available selective, direct FXa inhibitor rivaroxaban is effective in the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis in two well-established models of experimental thrombosis.
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Yildirim, Ali, Pelin Kosger, Gokmen Ozdemir, Birsen Ucar, and Zubeyir Kilic. "Total Anomalous Systemic Venous Drainage with Heterotaxia Syndrome: A Rare Case." Case Reports in Cardiology 2014 (2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/392841.
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Total anomalous systemic venous return is a very rare anomaly, where vena cava inferior, vena cava superior, and coronary sinus drain into left atrium. Two-day-old male baby was admitted with cyanosis and tachypnea after the birth. Left atrial isomerism with anomalous systemic venous drainage was found on echocardiographic examination. We present an unusual case of total anomalous systemic venous drainage in to the left atrium.
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Martineau, D., R. Briand, and N. Yamaguchi. "Functional evidence for L-type Ca2+ channels controlling ANG II-induced adrenal catecholamine release in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): R1713—R1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.6.r1713.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional involvement of L- and/or N-type Ca2+ channels in adrenal catecholamine secretion in response to exogenous angiotensin II (ANG II) in anesthetized dogs. Plasma catecholamine concentrations in adrenal venous and aortic blood were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical method. In the first series of experiments, repeated infusions of BAY K 8644 locally into the left adrenal gland at 15-min intervals resulted in significant and reproducible increases in adrenal catecholamine secretion. Nifedipine, similarly administered 5 min before BAY K 8644, diminished BAY K 8644-induced catecholamine secretion in a dose-dependent manner and completely blocked the catecholamine response at the highest dose tested. In the second series of experiments, local infusion of ANG II resulted in a significant increase in adrenal catecholamine secretion. The maximum catecholamine response to ANG II was attenuated by approximately 65% in the presence of nifedipine at the dose that abolished the BAY K 8644-induced catecholamine release. This inhibition by nifedipine remained unchanged in the presence of omega-conotoxin. The present study shows that dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type Ca2+ channels are operative in the adrenal medulla of the dog in vivo. The results indicate that the L-type Ca2+ channels are only partially implicated in the local regulation of ANG II-induced adrenal catecholamine secretion, suggesting the existence of another mechanism. However, omega-conotoxin-sensitive N-type Ca2+ channels are unlikely to be functionally involved in postsynaptic mechanisms mediating adrenal catecholamine secretion in response to exogenous ANG II under in vivo conditions.
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Uezono, Yasuhito, Masato Kanaide, Muneshige Kaibara, Rachel Barzilai, Nathan Dascal, Koji Sumikawa, and Kohtaro Taniyama. "Coupling of GABAB receptor GABAB2 subunit to G proteins: evidence from Xenopus oocyte and baby hamster kidney cell expression system." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 290, no. 1 (January 2006): C200—C207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00269.2005.
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Coupling of functional GABAB receptors (GABABR) to G proteins was investigated with an expression system of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and Xenopus oocytes. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis of BHK cells coexpressing GABAB1a receptor (GB1aR) fused to Cerulean, a brighter variant of cyan fluorescent protein, and GABAB2 receptor (GB2R) fused to Venus, a brighter variant of yellow fluorescent protein, revealed that GB1aR-Cerulean and GB2R-Venus form a heterodimer. The GABABR agonists baclofen and 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid (3-APPA) elicited inward-rectifying K+ currents in a concentration-dependent manner in oocytes expressing GB1aR and GB2R, or GB1aR-Cerulean and GB2R-Venus, together with G protein-activated inward-rectifying K+ channels (GIRKs), but not in oocytes expressing GB1aR alone or GB2R alone together with GIRKs. Oocytes coexpressing GB1aR + Gαi2-fused GB2R (GB2R-Gαi2) caused faster K+ currents in response to baclofen. Furthermore, oocytes coexpressing GB1aR + GB2R fused to Gαqi5 (a chimeric Gαq protein that activates PLC pathways) caused PLC-mediated Ca2+-activated Cl− currents in response to baclofen. In contrast, these responses to baclofen were not observed in oocytes coexpressing GB1aR-Gαi2 or GB1aR-Gαqi5 together with GB2R. BHK cells and Xenopus oocytes coexpressing GB1aR-Cerulean + a triplet tandem of GB2R-Venus-Gαqi5 caused FRET and Ca2+-activated Cl− currents, respectively, with a similar potency in BHK cells coexpressing GB1aR-Cerulean + GB2R-Venus and in oocytes coexpressing GB1aR + GB2R-Gαqi5. Our results indicate that functional GABABR forms a heterodimer composed of GB1R and GB2R and that the signal transducing G proteins are directly coupled to GB2R but not to GB1R.
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Ootaki, Yoshio, Gregory A. Ross, and Kristen A. Zeller. "An intra-aortic guide wire: what “knot” to do." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119002907.
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Zitoun, R., S. D. Connell, C. E. Cornwall, K. I. Currie, K. Fabricius, L. J. Hoffmann, M. D. Lamare, et al. "A unique temperate rocky coastal hydrothermal vent system (Whakaari–White Island, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand): constraints for ocean acidification studies." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 3 (2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19167.
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In situ effects of ocean acidification are increasingly studied at submarine CO2 vents. Here we present a preliminary investigation into the water chemistry and biology of cool temperate CO2 vents near Whakaari–White Island, New Zealand. Water samples were collected inside three vent shafts, within vents at a distance of 2m from the shaft and at control sites. Vent samples contained both seawater pH on the total scale (pHT) and carbonate saturation states that were severely reduced, creating conditions as predicted for beyond the year 2100. Vent samples showed lower salinities, higher temperatures and greater nutrient concentrations. Sulfide levels were elevated and mercury levels were at concentrations considered toxic at all vent and control sites, but stable organic and inorganic ligands were present, as deduced from Cu speciation data, potentially mediating harmful effects on local organisms. The biological investigations focused on phytoplankton, zooplankton and macroalgae. Interestingly, we found lower abundances but higher diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton at sites in the direct vicinity of Whakaari. Follow-up studies will need a combination of methods and approaches to attribute observations to specific drivers. The Whakaari vents represent a unique ecosystem with considerable biogeochemical complexity, which, like many other vent systems globally, require care in their use as a model of ‘future oceans’.
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Turpie, Alexander G. G., Kenneth Alan Bauer, Lars Borris, Ola E. Dahl, William D. Fisher, Michael Gent, Sylvia Haas, et al. "Thromboprophylaxis after Orthopaedic Surgery with an Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor: Pooled Results of Two Phase Iib Clinical Trials." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.277.277.
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Abstract Thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), are a serious risk after surgical procedures, such as major orthopaedic surgery. BAY 59-7939 is an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor in clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. The efficacy and safety of BAY 59-7939 for thromboprophylaxis have been determined relative to enoxaparin in two clinical trials, one after elective total hip replacement surgery, and one after elective total knee replacement surgery. Both trials were multicenter, multinational, double-blind, dose-ranging studies; the hip surgery trial was performed in Europe, and the knee surgery trial in North America. This pre-specified analysis combines data from both trials. Patients (n=1343) were randomized to oral BAY 59-7939 at 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 30 mg twice daily (bid), or subcutaneous enoxaparin (40 mg once daily starting 12 hours before hip surgery, or 30 mg bid starting 12 hours after knee surgery). Treatment continued until mandatory bilateral venography was performed 5–9 days after surgery. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of DVT, PE, and all-cause mortality, and was analyzed in 914 per-protocol patients. The secondary efficacy endpoint was major venous thromboembolism (VTE) - proximal DVT, PE, and VTE-related death. The primary safety endpoint was major, post-operative bleeding, and was analyzed in 1317 patients. Observed pooled event rates are shown in the table. No significant dose-response relationship for efficacy was observed with BAY 59-7939 (P=0.39 and P=0.46 for primary and secondary endpoints, respectively) in logistic regression models using total daily dose and adjusting for study, age and gender effects; this was potentially due to the efficacy achieved with the lower BAY 59-7939 doses. A significant dose-response relationship was observed for major, post-operative bleeding with BAY 59-7939 (P<0.001). In conclusion, this analysis showed that for the prevention of VTE following major orthopaedic surgery, BAY 59-7939 has a wide therapeutic window and, at doses of 2.5 to 10 mg bid, has similar efficacy and safety to the enoxaparin regimens. BAY 59-7939 (mg bid) Endpoint 2.5 5 10 20 30 Enoxaparin DVT, PE, all-cause mortality 36/167 (21.6%) 38/166 (22.9%) 26/161 (16.1%) 38/156 (24.4%) 17/88 (19.3%) 49/176 (27.8%) Major VTE 5/167 (3.0%) 4/166 (2.4%) 5/161 (3.1%) 5/156 (3.2%) 1/88 (1.1%) 8/176 (4.5%) Major, post-operative bleeding 2/232 (0.9%) 3/238 (1.3%) 5/236 (2.1%) 9/232 (3.9%) 10/143 (7.0%) 4/236 (1.7%)
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Ramani, G. V., S. J. Kligerman, and R. M. Reed. "A bad shortcut: partial anomalous pulmonary venous return." Case Reports 2014, apr11 1 (April 11, 2014): bcr2013203392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-203392.
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Walker, B. R. "Evidence for uneven distribution of L-type calcium channels in rat pulmonary circulation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 269, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): H2051—H2056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.269.6.h2051.
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Experiments were performed on isolated, perfused rat lungs to determine the segmental sites of vasoconstriction in response to factors that open voltage-sensitive, L-type calcium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells. Lungs from male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused at constant flow with a physiological saline solution (PSS) containing albumin. Measurements were made of pulmonary arterial and venous pressure, whereas capillary pressure was estimated by the double-occlusion technique. After equilibration, lungs were constricted with depolarizing PSS containing high K+ (35 or 45 mM). With both stimuli, approximately 80% of the observed increase in vascular resistance occurred on the arterial side of the circulation. Both nifedipine and verapamil reversed this response; however, reversal was more consistent in the arterial segment. In additional experiments, the L-type channel activator (-)BAY K 8644 caused increased resistance in the arterial but not the venous segment. Another group of lungs constricted with the thromboxane mimetic U-46619 demonstrated equal arterial and venous vasoconstriction. In U-46619-constricted lungs, nifedipine caused a 28% reversal of the agonist-induced increase in arterial resistance but was without effect on the venous circulation. These data suggest that a greater density of L-type calcium channels may exist within the arterial segment of the pulmonary circulation than in the veins.
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Voudouris, Panagiotis, Marianna Kati, Andreas Magganas, Manuel Keith, Eugenia Valsami-Jones, Karsten Haase, Reiner Klemd, and Mark Nestmeyer. "Arsenian Pyrite and Cinnabar from Active Submarine Nearshore Vents, Paleochori Bay, Milos Island, Greece." Minerals 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010014.
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Active, shallow-water (2–10 m below sea level) and low temperature (up to 115 °C) hydrothermal venting at Paleochori Bay, nearshore Milos Island, Greece, discharges CO2 and H2S rich vapors (e.g., low-Cl fluid) and high-salinity liquids, which leads to a diverse assemblage of sulfide and alteration phases in an area of approximately 1 km2. Volcaniclastic detritus recovered from the seafloor is cemented by hydrothermal pyrite and marcasite, while semi-massive to massive pyrite-marcasite constitute mounds and chimney-like edifices. Paragenetic relationships indicate deposition of two distinct mineralogical assemblages related to the venting of high-Cl and low-Cl fluids, respectively: (1) colloform As- and Hg-bearing pyrite (Py I), associated with marcasite, calcite, and apatite, as well as (2) porous and/or massive As-rich pyrite (Py II), associated with barite, alunite/jarosite, and late-stage hydrous ferric oxides. Mercury, in the form of cinnabar, occurs within the As-rich pyrite (Py I) layers, usually forming distinct cinnabar-enriched micro-layers. Arsenic in colloform pyrite I shows a negative correlation with S indicating that As1− dominates in the pyrite structure suggesting formation from a relatively reducing As-rich fluid at conditions similar to low-sulfidation epithermal systems. On the contrary, As3+ dominates in the structure of porous to massive pyrite II suggesting deposition from a sulfate-dominated fluid with lower pH and higher fO2. Bulk sulfide data of pyrite-bearing hydrothermal precipitates also show elevated As (up to 2587 ppm) together with various epithermal-type elements, such as Sb (up to 274 ppm), Tl (up to 513 ppm), and Hg (up to 34 ppm) suggesting an epithermal nature for the hydrothermal activity at Paleochori Bay. Textural relationships indicate a contemporaneous deposition of As and Hg, which is suggested to be the result of venting from both high-salinity, liquid-dominated, as well as CO2- and H2S-rich vapor-dominated fluids that formed during fluid boiling. The CO2- and H2S-rich vapor that physically separated during fluid boiling from the high-salinity liquid led to calcite formation upon condensation in seawater together with the precipitation of As- and Hg-bearing pyrite I. This also led to the formation of sulfuric acid, thereby causing leaching and dissolution of primary iron-rich minerals in the volcaniclastic sediments, finally resulting in pyrite II precipitation in association with alunite/jarosite. The Paleochori vents contain the first documented occurrence of cinnabar on the seafloor in the Mediterranean area and provide an important link between offshore hydrothermal activity and the onshore mercury and arsenic mineralizing system on Milos Island. The results of this study therefore demonstrate that metal and metalloid precipitation in shallow-water continental arc environments is controlled by epithermal processes known from their subaerial analogues.
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Frohburg, Jan. "Ellington under Glass." BAc Boletín Académico. Revista de investigación y arquitectura contemporánea 9 (November 4, 2019): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/bac.2019.9.0.4582.
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In November 1957 Mies van der Rohe’s Crown Hall at IIT broke with convention when it became the venue for a jazz concert by Duke Ellington and his orchestra. This extraordinary event is reconstructed based on personal recollections, campus newspapers and other archival material. In the context of architectural pedagogy Crown Hall is appreciated as a supreme expression of Mies’s architectural philosophy, both for its spatial openness and its spiritual character. Here, influences from Mies’s own evolution as an architect intersected with developments in modern music and performance art it inspired. Parallels are uncovered between Ellington’s jazz and Mies’s steel and glass architecture, both distinctly American idioms that characterise post-war modernity. The Ellington concert at Crown Hall presented the perfect synthesis of people, space, light, music and nature. At the same time it attested to the disruptive potential that exists in jazz and modern architecture alike.
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Weil, Stefanie. "The strange case of pluralist lobbying in a corporatist setting: Defending Western business interests in China." Business and Politics 20, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): 70–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2017.15.
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E.U. and U.S. businesses in China are actively shaping the business environment according to their interests. As a state-corporatist framework is applied, the question arises as to how Western businesses go about lobbying China's policies. This article provides insights on what kind of lobbying tools Western interest groups apply to actively influence China's party state. Drawing on a large data set of lobbying actions toward indigenous innovation policies, this article aims to demonstrate that China's political system is receptive to influence from the outside. The argument builds on evidence showing that China's state corporatist system provides some leeway for pluralist lobbying strategies. It is hypothesized that Western interest groups are not completely co-opted by China's state-corporatist system, which increases the number of membership driven lobbying strategies. As Western groups stand outside the system, they are expected to devote their lobbying efforts to the international level. Specifically, this article analyzes how constrained access in domestic China affects transnational venue shopping versus domestic strategies.
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Mahlangu, Johnny N., Pei Lin Koh, Heng Joo Ng, Toshko Lissitchkov, Marion Hardtke, and Jens Schroeder. "The TRUST Trial: Anti-Drug Antibody Formation In a Patient With Hemophilia With Inhibitors After Receiving The Activated Factor VII Product Bay 86-6150." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.573.573.
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Abstract Introduction Up to 30% of patients with hemophilia A and 5% of patients with hemophilia B develop neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against replacement factor VIII or factor IX, respectively. Acute bleeding episodes in these patients with inhibitors are treated with bypassing agents, which include activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa). BAY 86-6150 is a modified rFVIIa which in preclinical studies was shown to have prolonged half-life and improved potency compared with currently available rFVIIa. In a phase 1, randomized, double-blind trial, BAY 86-6150 was not associated with any clinically significant adverse events (AEs). We report the immunologic response to BAY 86-6150 in a phase 2/3 clinical trial in patients with hemophilia with inhibitors. Methods TRUST (Treatment with Unique Recombinant FVII Study) was a multicenter, open-label, 2-part study (part A and part B) which included males aged 12−62 years with moderate or severe hemophilia A or B, with a history of high-titer inhibitors (≥5 Bethesda units), and ≥4 bleeding episodes in the 6 months prior to enrollment. Part A was a sequential dose-escalation study of 4 BAY 86-6150 dose levels (6.5, 20, 50, and 90 μg/kg body weight; n≥10/cohort). Dose escalation was dependent on both efficacy and an Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC) approval of safety in 10 patients per cohort who had ≥1 bleeding episode treated with BAY 86-6150. Part B was designed as a single-arm investigation of the efficacy and safety of the recommended dose of BAY 86-6150 determined in all patients from Part A. Safety endpoints were AEs and immunogenicity. Anti-drug antibody testing was performed at screening (prior to exposure), after the second exposure, then every fifth exposure, and at the end of study visit in both part A and part B. Anti-BAY 86-6150 binding antibodies were measured using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples that revealed a specific immunoreactivity in this assay were further characterized for neutralizing activity using a validated platelet-activated clotting assay. Additional functional assays were performed to determine the cross-reactive neutralizing effect on rFVIIa (NovoSeven®) of any detected anti-BAY 86-6150 antibodies. The presence of neutralizing antibodies was considered a serious adverse event (SAE) requiring prompt IDMC review. Results In cohort 1, 10 patients (mean age, 27.4 years) were treated with 6.5 mg/kg BAY 86-6150. These patients had a total of 73 bleeding events and received a total of 84 study drug injections. No anti-drug antibodies or anti-FVIIa was detected in the patients at screening prior to exposure to the study drug. BAY 86-6150 was well tolerated in all patients with no clinical or laboratory symptoms or signs of venous thromboembolism. Binding antibodies to BAY 86-6150 were detected on a scheduled screening visit in 1 patient after 3 exposures to BAY 86-6150; these anti-BAY 86-6150 antibodies displayed neutralizing activity against BAY 86-6150 and were also cross-reactive and neutralizing for rFVIIa. The affected patient had received rFVIIa before entry into the study. At the time of diagnosis of binding and neutralizing antibodies, the affected patient was not bleeding and did not require emergency treatment. Exposure to BAY 86-6150 was stopped and the trial was terminated at the first cohort. Subsequent bleeding episodes in this patient were successfully managed with FEIBATM (Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypass Activity). No other treatment-related AEs or SAEs were reported in this study. Additionally, the IDMC has recommended safety follow-up assessments for all the patients who actively participated in the trial. Conclusions The TRUST trial has been discontinued as a precautionary measure because of potential safety concerns related to the detection of the antidrug antibodies in 1 patient. Development of neutralizing antibodies against BAY 86-6150 that had a cross-reactive neutralizing effect on rFVIIa was considered a serious risk because of the limited treatment options in patients with inhibitors. These results underline the fact that it is currently not possible to predict immunologic response based on preclinical and phase 1 studies. Disclosures: Hardtke: Bayer Pharma AG: Employment. Schroeder:Bayer Pharma AG: Employment.
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Kubitza, Dagmar, Michael Becka, Michael Zuehlsdorf, and Wolfgang Mueck. "Effects of Single-Dose BAY 59-7939 - An Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor - in Subjects with Extreme Body Weight." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1872.1872.
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Abstract Currently, agents used for the prevention of venous thromboembolism, such as low molecular weight heparins and pentasaccharides, require dose adjustments for patients in extreme weight categories. BAY 59-7939 is a novel, oral, direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor currently undergoing clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. In this single-center, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, the influence of extremely low and high body weight on the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a single 10 mg dose of BAY 59-7939 administered with food was investigated. In total, 48 healthy male and female subjects aged 20–54 years and in three different weight groups (≤ 50, 70–80, and >120 kg) were evaluated; 12 received placebo and 36 received BAY 59-7939. The 70–80 kg and >120 kg groups were gender-balanced (six men and six women in each group); the ≤ 50 kg group comprised of 12 women. Overall, BAY 59-7939 was well tolerated. No serious adverse events were reported; all events were of mild to moderate intensity and resolved 7 days after drug administration. The occurrence of adverse events was similar among the weight groups. No adverse events were reported in the placebo group. FXa was inhibited by BAY 59-7939 in all three weight groups, with a maximum inhibition (Emax) of 46.8%, 45.8%, and 41.7% in the ≤ 50, 70–80, and >120 kg groups, respectively; maximum inhibition was observed about 2–3 hours after BAY 59-7939 administration in all three weight groups. AUC for inhibition of Factor Xa activity was comparable for all volunteer groups regardless of the body weight. BAY 59-7939 prolonged prothrombin time (PT), which was less pronounced in the higher weight groups: 1.7 times baseline (tb), 1.6 tb, and 1.5 tb in subjects ≤ 50, 70–80, and >120 kg, respectively. The pharmacodynamic parameters have returned to baseline within 24 hours in all weight groups. Placebo treatment had no effect on PT. The clotting tests activated partial thromboplastin time and HepTest were also distinctly prolonged after drug administration in all weight groups; the prolongation was slightly more pronounced in subjects in the ≤ 50 kg group than in the other weight groups. The bioavailability of BAY 59-7939 as a 10 mg single dose, in terms of AUC of plasma concentrations, was similar in all three weight groups (P=0.205). However, peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 24% higher in subjects with ≤ 50 kg body weight compared with normal-weight subjects. For subjects >120 kg, Cmax was similar to normal-weight subjects. No pharmacokinetic differences between men and women were detected in the normal-weight and >120 kg groups. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that only small influences of body weight on pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic parameters are observed which require no dose adjustment of BAY 59-7936 in subjects with extreme body weight.
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Tanaka, Reiko, Yasuyuki Fujita, Kana Ishibashi Hiasa, Yasuo Yumoto, Nobuhiro Hidaka, Kotaro Fukushima, and Norio Wake. "Successful Management of Pregnancy Complicated by Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome Using MR Angiography-Based Evaluation." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/723467.
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Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital disease, and extensive cutaneous hemangiomas and abnormal venous vessels are characteristic. In our case, to manage her pregnancy with KTS, whole-body MRA was performed before delivery. A 29-year-old woman was referred at 28 weeks because of prominent vulvovaginal varicosities due to KTS. At 35 weeks, hypertrophy and multiple venous varicosities of her leg as well as massive vulvovaginal varicosities became prominent with a normal coagulation profile. Systematic MRAs revealed hemangiomas and varicosities in the right leg, the lower abdomen, and the pubic region, while no obvious AVM was detected around the bronchial tube and spine. We decided to deliver her baby by cesarean section at 37 weeks under general anesthesia, and a healthy baby was delivered. No blood transfusion was required. Prophylaxis against thrombosis was performed after the operation. She was discharged with her baby. Her vulvovaginal varicosities shrunk considerably one month later.
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Rodriguez, Maria L., Christopher A. Caldarone, Hadi Toeg, and Gyaandeo Maharajh. "Retroesophageal Infracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 10, no. 3 (November 9, 2017): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135117731893.
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This case report describes the management of a term baby, born cyanotic, who was preoperatively diagnosed to have an obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) in association with a functionally univentricular heart. An urgent repair of the anomalous pulmonary venous drainage was done, and a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was constructed. Intraoperative difficulties were encountered when the pulmonary venous confluence was not seen in the usual location in the posterior mediastinal space, anterior to the esophagus. This report describes the rare finding of infracardiac TAPVD that is located in the retroesophageal space.
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Sima, Annika K., Anna-Lena M. Szettele, and Manfred Neuberger. "Fine and Ultrafine Particle Pollution Before and After a Smoking ban in the Catering Industry in Vienna." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1, no. 2 (March 6, 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2690-0904.ijoe-21-3736.
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In the catering industrytobacco smoke was the primary source of fine and ultrafine particles, which are well known for their health-damaging effects. As shown in studies, attempts to reduce passive smoking in the catering industry of Vienna, like separated smoking rooms, failed to reduce fine and ultrafine particle concentrations effectively. On November 1st 2019, an enlarged non-smoker’s protection law was introduced, including a total smoking-ban in the catering industry. 40 hospitality venues with areas for smokers and non-smokers before the ban had been selected as typical Viennese cafes, pubs, bars and discotheques to be sampled unannounced. Concentrations of fine particle mass (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) and ultrafine particle number (PNC) and lung deposited surface area (LDSA) could be measured before and after the introduction of the smoking-ban in 39 venues at nearly identical locations and under comparable circumstances. Results showed a statistically significant decline in both fine and ultrafine particle concentrations in the former smoking areas for all parameters as well as in the former non-smoking areas for PM2.5, PM1 and LDSA. After the ban concentrations in former smoking areas and non-smoking areas showed no significant differences any more. From these results the smoking-ban successfully removed particles from breathing air of guests and staff, however, some outliers in the study after the ban point to the necessity of repeated controls in Vienna. Also, outside Vienna the compliance with the law should be controlled in the Austrian hospitality industry.
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Ramakrishnan, Ramani, and Romain Dumoulin. "Acoustics of a Music Venue/Bar—A Case Study." Buildings 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings6010011.
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Midulla, F., F. Macri, G. Ciofetta, V. Colloridi, A. Ceccamea, R. Ronchetti, and V. Clin Ped. "MULTIPLE PULMONARY ARTERIOUS-VENOUS FISTULAE IN A BABY (PAVF)." Pediatric Research 19, no. 10 (October 1985): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198510000-00193.
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Kenet, Gili, Thomas Moulton, Erika Soltes Rak, Brian M. Wicklund, and Sanjay P. Ahuja. "Improvement of Efficacy Outcomes in Patients Who Switched from Sucrose-Formulated rFVIII to BAY 81-8973 Prophylaxis in the LEOPOLD Clinical Trials." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-137532.
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Background BAY 81-8973 (Kovaltry®) is a full-length, unmodified, recombinant factor VIII (FVIII), indicated for on-demand treatment and control of bleeding episodes, perioperative management of bleeding and routine prophylaxis to reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in adults and children with hemophilia A. It has the same amino acid sequence as sucrose formulated FVIII (FVIII-FS; Kogenate® FS/Helixate® FS). Pharmacokinetic comparisons confirmed BAY 81-8973 to have a longer half-life and lower clearance than FVIII-FS. The objective of this analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety outcomes of patients with hemophilia A who were receiving FVIII-FS prior to enrolling into the LEOPOLD clinical studies receiving BAY 81-8973. Methods LEOPOLD I (NCT01029340) Part B and LEOPOLD Kids (NCT01311648) were Phase 3, multinational, open-label studies that included male patients with severe hemophilia A receiving on-demand or prophylactic therapy, with ≥50 exposure days to any FVIII product and no history of FVIII inhibitors. Patients in LEOPOLD I were >12 years old and received 20-50 IU/kg BAY 81-8973 prophylaxis twice-weekly (2×W) or three times a week (3×W) for up to one year. Patients in LEOPOLD Kids were ≤12 years old and received 25-50 IU/kg BAY 81-8973 ≥2×W for six months. Dosing regimens for both studies were assigned by the investigator. In this analysis, efficacy and safety are assessed in the subset of patients in LEOPOLD I Part B and LEOPOLD Kids who were previously treated with FVIII-FS. Results In LEOPOLD I, 22 (35.5%) patients were previously treated with FVIII-FS with a median age of 27.0; in LEOPOLD Kids, 24 (47.1%) patients were previously treated with FVIII-FS with a median age of 5.0 (Table 1). In general, these switch cohorts had similar patient demographics to the whole study cohort (Table 1) and any differences did not affect the final analysis. Most patients did not change their dosing frequency when starting treatment with BAY 81-8973 but most increased their dose (FVIII-FS dose is 25 IU/kg 3×W [adults] or every other day [EOD; children]; BAY 81-8973 dose is 25-40 IU/kg 2×W or 3×W [>12 years] or 25-50 IU/kg 2×W, 3×W or EOD [≤12 years]). Switching from FVIII-FS to BAY 81-8973 resulted in lower median annualized bleeding rates (ABRs) in the LEOPOLD studies. In LEOPOLD I, median (Q1; Q3) total ABR decreased from 2.5 (0.0; 9.0) in the 12 months of FVIII-FS treatment prior to study entry, to 1.0 (0.0; 6.8) (Figure 1). In LEOPOLD Kids, median total ABR decreased from 3.0 (1.0; 12.0) to 2.0 (0.0; 6.0) for 0-<6 year old patients (n = 13) and from 4.0 (0.0; 10) to 0.0 (0.0; 2.1) for 6-12 year old patients (n = 11) after switching from FVIII-FS to BAY 81-8973 (Figure 1). Joint and spontaneous median ABRs were zero for <12 year old patients treated with BAY 81-8973. There were no study-drug-related adverse events (AEs) or serious AEs (SAEs) reported in patients switching from FVIII-FS to BAY 81-8973 in either LEOPOLD I Part B or LEOPOLD Kids (Table 2). One patient in the LEOPOLD Kids main study discontinued BAY 81-8973 due to a central venous catheter-related infection after six months of treatment, which was not considered study-drug-related. No FVIII inhibitors developed in any patients in either study. Conclusions Switching from FVIII-FS to BAY 81-8973 resulted in improved bleeding control in adults and children with hemophilia A and was well-tolerated. Disclosures Kenet: PI Healthcare, CSL Behring: Honoraria; Bayer, Pfizer, Takeda, BioMarin, Novo Nordisk: Speakers Bureau; Bayer, Pfizer, Roche, Alnylam (Sanofi), Shire: Research Funding; Bayer, Pfizer, BioMarin, Takeda, Roche, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Moulton:Bayer: Current Employment. Soltes Rak:Bayer: Other: Employee of Belcan, contracted with Bayer. Wicklund:Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Shire (Takeda): Consultancy, Honoraria; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Honoraria. Ahuja:Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi Genzyme: Consultancy, Honoraria; XaTek, Inc.: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.
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Bordelon, Bruce P., and J. N. Moore. "Promoting Stenospermic Grape Seed Trace Development and Germination with Plant Growth Regulators." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 4 (July 1994): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.4.719.
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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) [antigibberellins (mepiquat chloride, uniconazole, ancymidol, daminozide, chlormequat, ethephon, methazole), cytokinins (BAP, kinetin, BTP, 2iP), and ABA] were evaluated at various concentrations and timings for promotion of seed trace development and germination of four stenospermic grape cultivars (Vitis spp.): `Venus', `Mars', `Reliance', and `Saturn'. Data include seed trace number per berry, percent of seed traces with endosperm (sinkers), sinker fresh weight, and percent seed trace germination. Several PGRs effectively increased seed number and percent sinkers over control treatments. PGRs had little effect on seed fresh weight and percent germination. PGRs promoted greater increases in percent sinkers than seed number on all cultivars. The number of viable seeds per sample (seed number × percent sinkers) was increased over controls by up to 802% on `Reliance', 239% on `Saturn', 154% on `Mars', and 153% on `Venus'. A moderate percentage of viable seeds from treatments and controls of `Mars', `Venus', and `Saturn' germinated and established normal seedlings. The very small seed traces of `Reliance' did not germinate from either controls or treatments. The results indicate that PGRs can stimulate seed trace formation in some stenospermic cultivars and therefore may be useful tools in grape breeding programs. Chemical names used: abscisic acid (+/-)cis-trans isomer (ABA); a-cyclopropyl-a-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP); 6-benzylamino-9-(2 tetra-hydropropanyl)-9H-purine (BTP); (2-chloroethyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride (chlormequat); succinic acid 2,2 dimethyl-hydrazide (daminozide); (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon); 6-(dimethyl-allylamino) purine (2iP); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); N,N-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride (mepiquat chloride); [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] (methazole); E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-di-methyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-pentan-3-ol (uniconazole).
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MacLane, Duncan T. "The Cogito Project: Design and Development of an International C-Class Catamaran and Her Successful Challenge to Regain the Little America’s Cup." Marine Technology and SNAME News 37, no. 04 (October 1, 2000): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2000.37.4.163.
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In January 1996, Cogito, the U.S. challenger, defeated the Australian defender, Yellow Pages Edge, by the score of 4–0 in the 22nd running of the International Catamaran Challenge Trophy. This brought the trophy, better known as the Little America's Cup, back to the United States after an eleven-year stay in Australia. The Cogito project was three years in length and encompassed the design/construction phase, initial sailing and tuning at her home, the Bristol Yacht Club in Bristol, Rhode Island, and the final training and competition at the race venue, McCrae Yacht Club on Port Philip Bay south of Melbourne, Australia. This paper will cover all phases of the project from the design through the racing.
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Schwarzer, Mitchell. "A Tale of Two Waterfronts." California History 91, no. 4 (2014): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2014.91.4.6.
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As I will examine in this study of waterfront redevelopment at Jack London Square, the business plans, architectural/landscaping designs, and historic memorabilia drummed up by Oakland civic, business and port leaders, from 1951 through to the early twenty-first century, repeatedly changed their focus as a result of cross-bay rivalry. The two cities had long competed for businesses and residents, using city planning to improve their transportation infrastructure and, later, their tourist draw. From 1951 through the 1960s, themed restaurants in Jack London Square multiplied, and the Port of Oakland cobbled together seafaring artifacts and Jack London memorabilia. Starting in the 1970s, private businessmen and the Port took on grander retailing approaches that progressed from a woodsy maritime village to a shopping mall to an artisanal foods market. Each time, Jack London Square was made over in light of events across the bay: the 1960s conversion of brick warehouses and factories into the retailing/restaurant venues of Ghirardelli Square and the Cannery; the late 1970s construction of a vast shopping and entertainment complex on Pier 39; and the early 2000s redevelopment of the Ferry Building, closer to downtown San Francisco, into a locavore food emporium. Yet each time, Oakland’s attempts to compete with San Francisco fell short.
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Passaro, Salvatore, Simona Genovese, Marco Sacchi, Marco Barra, Paola Rumolo, Stella Tamburrino, Salvatore Mazzola, et al. "First hydroacoustic evidence of marine, active fluid vents in the Naples Bay continental shelf (Southern Italy)." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 285 (September 2014): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.08.001.
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Stoffers, P., M. Hannington, I. Wright, P. Herzig, C. de Ronde, and Shipboard Scientific Party. "Elemental mercury at submarine hydrothermal vents in the Bay of Plenty, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand." Geology 27, no. 10 (1999): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0931:emashv>2.3.co;2.
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Raymond, H. Fisher, Greg Rebchook, Alberto Curotto, Jason Vaudrey, Matthew Amsden, Deb Levine, and Willi McFarland. "Comparing Internet-Based and Venue-Based Methods to Sample MSM in the San Francisco Bay Area." AIDS and Behavior 14, no. 1 (January 22, 2009): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-009-9521-6.
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