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Journal articles on the topic 'Venuous valves'
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1
Caggiati, A., M. Phillips, A. Lametschwandtner, and C. Allegra. "Valves in Small Veins and Venules." European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 32, no. 4 (October 2006): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.04.021.
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Alkashkari, Wail, Jamilah AlRahimi, Saad Albugami, Qi-Ling Cao, and Ziyad M. Hijazi. "Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement: The Venus P valve-Current Status." Journal of Structural Heart Disease 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12945/j.jshd.2018.035.17.
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Promphan, Worakan, Pimpak Prachasilchai, Suvipaporn Siripornpitak, Shakeel A. Qureshi, and Thanarat Layangool. "Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with the Venus P-valve: clinical experience and early results." Cardiology in the Young 26, no. 4 (June 19, 2015): 698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951115001067.
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AbstractBackgroundAt present, the exclusion for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation for free pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy of Fallot repair includes an unfavourably large right ventricular outflow tract.ObjectiveTo report feasibility and early experience with a recently developed transcatheter heart valve, Venus P-valveTM, implanted in six patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation with large right ventricular outflow tracts.PatientsThere were two female patients and four male patients. The median age of the patients was 18.5 years, and the mean body weight was 53.8 kg. All the patients were in NYHA class II and had severe pulmonary regurgitation after previous transannular patch repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The median time after the last surgical operation was 13.5 years.ResultsThe Venus P-valveTM was successfully implanted in all the patients with implanted valve diameters ranging from 24 to 32 mm. The mean fluoroscopy time was 29.8 minutes. None of the patients had significant outflow tract gradient or pulmonary regurgitation immediately after valve implantation. Only one patient had unexpected mild proximal valve migration to the right ventricular body during withdrawal of the delivery system. It caused mild paravalvar leak and significant tricuspid regurgitation. At 6 months follow-up, the median of right ventricular end-diastolic volume indices decreased from 146 to 108 ml/m2 (p-value=0.046). The Doppler systolic peak gradient across the valve ranged from 4 to 40 mmHg, and there was no evidence of stent fracture on fluoroscopy or structural valve failure.ConclusionThe Venus P-valveTM can be implanted successfully and effectively in patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation and a large right ventricular outflow tract. The early results with this valve are encouraging.
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del Valle-Fernández, Raquel, and Carlos E. Ruiz. "New Transcatheter Mitral Valve Treatment." Interventional Cardiology Review 6, no. 1 (2011): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/icr.2011.6.1.62.
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Percutaneous treatment of severe mitral regurgitation is a very interesting therapeutic option for those patients considered not to be suitable candidates for surgery. Different technologies have already demonstrated proof-of-concept, and one of these devices (the Mitraclip device) has already obtained the Conformité Europeéne mark. However, demonstrating safety and efficacy for most of these technologies is being harder than anticipated. Recently, research and development has become more compromised due to the financial crisis. This paper reviews the venues that are currently under evaluation.
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Street, John. "Local differences? popular music and the local state." Popular Music 12, no. 1 (January 1993): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000005341.
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This is the story of a rock venue in an English city. Hardly, it might be supposed, the stuff of great drama; there are, after all, rock venues throughout England. Most towns and cities of any size have at least one. But this venue, the Waterfront in Norwich, is distinctive, if not unique, in at least two respects.It was purpose-built and, more importantly, it was largely financed, not by private enterprise, but by the city's Labour council. Norwich's local politicians risked both financial and political capital so that their city could host performers like Nitzer Ebb, Dumpy's Rusty Nuts, Labi Siffre and Orzic Tentacles (all of whom appeared at the Waterfront in the space of a week in November 1991). The £1 million project opened in late 1990, amid much publicity and intense criticism from the opposition parties and local residents: these complaints continued into the venue's second year, when it received a further subsidy of £30,000 from the council. Why did the council take these risks? What were the political interests and values which led to this novel policy development?
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Bertuola, A. C., C. Frajuca, N. S. Magalhães, and V. dos Santos Filho. "Geometrical aspects of Venus transit." Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física 37, no. 3 (September 2015): 3311–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-11173731941.
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We obtained two astronomical values, the Earth-Venus distance and Venus diameter, by means of a geometrical treatment of photos taken of Venus transit in June of 2012. Here we presented the static and translational models that were elaborated taking into account the Earth and Venus orbital movements. An additional correction was also added by considering the Earth rotation movement. The results obtained were compared with the values of reference from literature, showing very good concordance.
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Farina, A., L. Fusi, A. Fasano, A. Ceretani, and F. Rosso. "Modeling peristaltic flow in vessels equipped with valves: Implications for vasomotion in bat wing venules." International Journal of Engineering Science 107 (October 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2016.07.002.
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Morgan, Gareth, Pimpak Prachasilchai, Worakan Promphan, Eric Rosenthal, Kothandam Sivakumar, Mahesh Kappanayil, Indriwanto Sakidjan, et al. "Medium-term results of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation using the Venus P-valve: international experience." EuroIntervention 14, no. 13 (January 2019): 1363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4244/eij-d-18-00299.
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Sadurski, R., H. Tsukada, X. Ying, S. Bhattacharya, and J. Bhattacharya. "Diameters of juxtacapillary venules determined by oil-drop method in rat lung." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.2.718.
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We report a new method for precise quantification of lung microvascular diameter. Isolated blood-perfused rat lungs (500-g Sprague-Dawley rats) at constant inflation pressure [alveolar pressure (PA)] and stopped blood flow were viewed by microscopy and video. Subpleural venules of the second and third postcapillary generations were microinjected with oil colored with Sudan Black. Vascular pressure (Pvas) was varied in steps, and at each step the horizontal diameter (DH) and the length of the oil-filled segment were determined by microcaliper measurements of the replayed video image. At PA = 5 cmH2O, a decrease in Pvas from 25 to 0 cmH2O decreased DH in the second-generation venules from 55 +/- 2 (SE) to 41 +/- 1 microns (n = 13) and in the third-generation venules from 96 +/- 6 to 73 +/- 6 microns (n = 6). The constant-volume oil-filled segment conformed to the cylinder formula in that decreases in DH correlated linearly with 1/ square root of length, thereby indicating that at all Pvas values venular geometry was constant and probably circular in cross section. The decrease in Pvas to -5 cmH2O did not further decrease DH. At Pvas = 10–25 cmH2O, an increase in PA to 15 cmH2O did not significantly increase DH, although the increase in PA did diminish the slope (compliance) of the DH-Pvas relationship in second- but not third-generation venules. We conclude that 1) lung expansion decreases compliance of juxtacapillary venules, 2) venules retain circular cross sections at Pvas between -5 and 25 cmH2O, and 3) venules are patent at subzero Pvas.
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Garay, F., X. Pan, YJ Zhang, C. Wang, and D. Springmuller. "Early experience with the Venus p‑valve for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in native outflow tract." Netherlands Heart Journal 25, no. 2 (December 9, 2016): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12471-016-0932-5.
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Swain, D. P., and R. N. Pittman. "Oxygen exchange in the microcirculation of hamster retractor muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 256, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): H247—H255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.1.h247.
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We determined percent hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) in arterioles and venules of the hamster retractor muscle at rest. We found that SO2 decreased from 69.9 +/- 1.4% (SE) in large input arterioles (first order, 1A, ID = 60 +/- 3 micron) to flow-weighted values of 56.7% in small arterioles (4A, ID = 20 +/- 1 micron), 51.3% in small venules (4V, ID = 28 +/- 1 micron), and to 50.6 +/- 1.0% in large venules (1V, ID = 147 +/- 13 micron). Thus approximately two-thirds of the net decline in SO2 for this tissue occurred by diffusion of oxygen from arterioles, whereas only about one-third occurred by diffusion from capillaries. Furthermore, no net shunting of oxygen from the arterioles to the venules was detected as evidenced by the absence of any significant change in venular SO2. By determining the SO2 at upstream and downstream ends of arterioles in four consecutive branching orders (1A-4A), we found that the decrease in SO2 per unit length (delta SO2/L) increased approximately 20-fold from 1A to 4A. This increase in delta SO2/L was directly proportional to estimated luminal minus tissue oxygen tension and inversely proportional to red blood cell flow.
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Husain, Jafar, Pimpak Praichasilchai, Yasmin Gilbert, Shakeel A. Qureshi, and Gareth J. Morgan. "Early European experience with the Venus P-valve®: filling the gap in percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation." EuroIntervention 12, no. 5 (August 2016): e643-e651. http://dx.doi.org/10.4244/eijv12i5a105.
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Shields, Joan M., Vincent R. Hill, Michael J. Arrowood, and Michael J. Beach. "Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum under chlorinated recreational water conditions." Journal of Water and Health 6, no. 4 (March 1, 2008): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2008.068.
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Cryptosporidium is a chlorine-resistant protozoan parasite and the etiological agent in many disinfected recreational water outbreaks. While previous studies have reported disinfection Ct values for Cryptosporidium parvum using sodium hypochlorite, these studies have employed conditions and procedures which are not ideal for establishing public health remediation recommendations for chlorinated recreational water venues. In the present study, free chlorine Ct values were measured at pH 7.5 using young oocysts (<1 month old) and tissue culture to determine oocyst viability. Two different oocyst isolates were used: one originating from Iowa and one from Maine (USA). This study determined that the Ct values for a 3-log reduction in oocyst viability were 10,400 (Iowa) and 15,300 (Maine) at pH 7.5. These Ct values are higher than the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) currently recommends (Ct=9,600) for achieving a 3.0-log inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts during remediation of recreational water venues following fecal diarrhea accidents.
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Liao, Yan-Biao, Zhen-Gang Zhao, Xin Wei, Yuan-Ning Xu, Zhi-Liang Zuo, Yi-jian Li, Ming-Xia Zheng, Yuan Feng, and Mao Chen. "Transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the self-expandable venus A-Valve and CoreValve devices: Preliminary Experiences in China." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 89, S1 (March 2017): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.26912.
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Mozaffari, S. Mohammad. "The Orbital Elements of Venus in Medieval Islamic Astronomy: Interaction Between Traditions and the Accuracy of Observations." Journal for the History of Astronomy 50, no. 1 (February 2019): 46–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828618808877.
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The orbital elements of each planet are the eccentricity and the direction of the apsidal line of its orbit defined by the ecliptic longitude of either of its apses, i.e., the two points on its orbit where the planet is either furthest from or closest to the Earth, which are called the planet’s apogee and perigee. In the geocentric view of the solar system, the eccentricity of Venus is a bit less than half of the solar one, and its apogee is located behind that of the Sun. Ptolemy correctly found that the apogee of Venus is behind that of the Sun, but determined the eccentricity of Venus to be exactly half the solar one. In the Indian Midnight System of Āryabhaṭa (b. ad 476), the eccentricity of Venus is assumed to be half the solar one, and also the longitudes of their apogees are assumed to be the same. This hypothesis became prevalent in early medieval Middle Eastern astronomy (ad 800–1000), where its adoption resulted in large errors of more than 10° in the values for the longitude of the apogee of Venus adopted by Yaḥyā b. Abī Manṣūr (d. ad 830), al-Battānī (d. ad 929), and Ibn Yūnus (d. ad 1007). In Western Islamic astronomy, it was used in combination with Ibn al-Zarqālluh’s (d. ad 1100) solar model with variable eccentricity, which only by coincidence resulted in accurate values for the eccentricity of Venus. In late Islamic Middle Eastern astronomy (from ad 1000 onwards), Āryabhaṭa’s hypothesis gradually lost its dominance. Ibn al-A‘lam (d. ad 985) seems to have been the first Islamic astronomer who rejected it. Late Eastern Islamic astronomers from the middle of the thirteenth century onwards arrived at the correct understanding that the eccentricity of Venus should be somewhat less than half of the solar one. Its most accurate medieval value was measured in the Samarqand observatory in the fifteenth century. Also, the values for the longitude of the apogee of Venus show a significant improvement in late Middle Eastern Islamic works, reaching an accuracy better than a degree in Khāzinī’s Mu‘tabar zīj, Ibn al-Fahhād’s ‘Alā’ī zīj, the Īlkhānī zīj, and Ulugh Beg’s Sulṭānī zīj.
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Chen, Mi, Honglei Zhao, Yan Ding, and Lizhong Sun. "A Dilemma in the Extremely Low-Placed Venus A-Valve in a Cardiogenic Shock Patient." Heart Surgery Forum 24, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): E256—E260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.3517.
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Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is regarded as an alternative to balloon aortic valvuloplasty in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis in cardiogenic shock. A low implantation of transcatheter heart valve (THV) can result in “supraskirt” paravalvular aortic regurgitation (PAR) and prosthesis-patient mismatch (P-PM), causing a dilemma in such a setting. A 64-year-old man presented to our emergency department with severe aortic stenosis and acute heart failure causing cardiogenic shock. An urgent transfemoral TAVR was performed under general anesthesia in a hybrid room. Predilatation was performed with a 22-mm compliant balloon, and a 26-mm Venus A-Valve (Venus MedTech, Hangzhou, China) was deployed. After valve implantation, the hemodynamic conditions of the patient rapidly deteriorated; therefore, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and extracorporeal circulation support were initiated. Aortography and transthoracic echocardiography (TEE) illustrated an extremely low implantation of THV, with moderate to severe supraskirt PAR and moderate P-PM. After evaluation of the hemodynamic tolerability of PAR, a median sternotomy was done, and surgery was performed. The patient died due to severe sepsis and hyperkalemia 14 days after the procedure. The management of urgent TAVR in cardiogenic shock should be revised and reexamined. A widespread and practical percutaneous technique to manage implant failure of THV is required to avoid surgical bailout.
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Zheng, L., A. S. Golub, and R. N. Pittman. "Determination of PO2 and its heterogeneity in single capillaries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): H365—H372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.1.h365.
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We have applied the phosphorescence lifetime technique (Vanderkooi, J. M., G. Maniara, T. J. Green, and D. F. Wilson. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 5476-5482, 1987) to determine oxygen tension in single capillaries of the hamster retractor muscle. Palladium meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (10 mg/ml, pH 7.40, bound to bovine serum albumin) was used as the phosphorescent oxygen sensor. Our measurement system consisted of a microscope configured for epi-illumination, a strobe flash lamp, a 430-nm bandpass excitation filter, and a 630-nm cut-on emission filter. A rectangular diaphragm was used to limit the illumination field to 10 microns x 10 microns, and an end-window photomultiplier tube was used to detect the phosphorescence signal, which was then input to an analog-to-digital board in a personal computer. In vitro calibrations were carried out at 37 degrees C on samples flowing through a glass capillary tube (diameter, 300 microns) at four different O2 concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5%). In vivo tests were carried out on arterioles, capillaries, and venules of the retractor muscle of anesthetized hamsters. The phosphorescent compound was administered by injection into a jugular vein (20 mg/kg). Phosphorescence decay curves were analyzed by a new model of heterogeneous oxygen distribution in the excitation/emission volume. Mean Po2 values and the local Po2 gradients within the excitation/ emission volume were calculated from phosphorescence life-times obtained from individual decay curves. The time course of Po2 obtained during 0.5-s measurement periods (5 decay curves at 0.1-s intervals) at a given site along a capillary indicated the presence of a gradient in Po2 within the plasma space between and near red blood cells. Similar Po2 gradients were also detected in arterioles and venules. Mean Po2 values for arterioles, capillaries, and venules over the 0.5-s observation period were 27 +/- 5, 14 +/- 2, and 11 +/- 3 (SD) mmHg, respectively. The magnitude of the Po2 gradient in the arterioles, capillaries, and venules was 6 +/- 1, 4 +/- 1, and 2 +/- 1 mmHg/micron, respectively.
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Ilie, N., S. Bucuta, and M. Draenert. "Bulk-fill Resin-based Composites: An In Vitro Assessment of Their Mechanical Performance." Operative Dentistry 38, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-395-l.
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SUMMARY The study aimed to assess the mechanical performance of seven bulk-fill RBCs (Venus Bulk Fill, Heraeus Kulzer; SureFil SDR flow, Dentsply Caulk; x-tra base and x-tra fil, VOCO; Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M ESPE; SonicFill, Kerr; Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) by determining their flexural strength (σ), reliability (Weibull parameter, m), flexural modulus (Eflexural), indentation modulus (YHU), Vickers hardness (HV), and creep (Cr). The significant highest flexural strengths were measured for SonicFill, x-tra base, and x-tra fil, while x-tra base, SureFil SDR flow, and Venus Bulk Fill showed the best reliability. The differences among the materials became more evident in terms of Eflexural and YHU, with x-tra fil achieving the highest values, while Filtek Bulk Fill and Venus Bulk Fill achieved the lowest. The enlarged depth of cure in bulk-fill RBCs seems to have been realized by enhancing the materials' translucency through decreasing the filler amount and increasing the filler size. The manufacturer's recommendation to finish a bulk-fill RBC restoration by adding a capping layer made of regular RBCs is an imperative necessity, since the modulus of elasticity and hardness of certain materials (SureFil SDR flow, Venus Bulk Fill, and Filtek Bulk Fill) were considerably below the mean values measured in regular nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs. The class of bulk-fill RBCs revealed similar flexural strength values as the class of nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs, and significantly higher values when compared to flowable RBCs. The modulus of elasticity (Eflexural), the indentation modulus (YHU), and the Vickers hardness (HV) classify the bulk-fill RBCs as between the hybrid RBCs and the flowable RBCs; in terms of creep, bulk-fill and the flowable RBCs perform similarly, both showing a significantly lower creep resistance when compared to the nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs.
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Woldhuis, B., G. J. Tangelder, D. W. Slaaf, and R. S. Reneman. "Concentration profile of blood platelets differs in arterioles and venules." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 262, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): H1217—H1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.4.h1217.
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Platelet distribution was investigated in 21 venules (V) and 10 arterioles (A) of the rabbit mesentery (vessel diam 15-33 microns). Circulating platelets were labeled in vivo with the dye acridine red and observed with fluorescence video microscopy. Only platelets flowing in a thin (5-7 microns) optical section located about the median plane of the vessel were used. The relative position of each platelet, i.e., the distance of its centroid to the left vessel wall divided by the local vessel diameter, was determined. In addition, in 10 venules leukocyte margination was inhibited by intravenous injection of dextran sulfate (500,000 mol wt; 30 mg/kg body wt). The number of platelets per unit volume (i.e., platelet density) relative to the mean density was significantly higher in the vessel center of V (1.04) than of A (0.55; P less than 0.005). In contrast, near the wall this density was significantly higher in A compared with V. Mean values were as follows: at radial position (R) = 0.9-1.0, 0.30 in A and 0.11 in V (P greater than 0.05); at R = 0.8-0.9, 1.63 in A and 0.84 in V (P less than 0.002); at R = 0.7-0.8, 1.60 in A and 1.36 in V (P greater than 0.05); at R = 0.6-0.7, 1.16 in A and 1.60 in V (P less than 0.02); and at R = 0.5-0.6, 0.92 in A and 1.36 in V (P less than 0.02). These differences in platelet distribution between arterioles and venules are not caused by the presence of leukocyte margination in venules.
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Choy, Jenny Susana, and Ghassan S. Kassab. "A novel strategy for increasing wall thickness of coronary venules prior to retroperfusion." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 291, no. 2 (August 2006): H972—H978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00235.2006.
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The sudden exposure of veins to arterial pressures during coronary venous retroperfusion may cause rupture of small venules. Our rationale is to first occlude the coronary vein, which will cause an increase in pressure intermediate to arterial and venous values, and hence lead to remodeling and increased wall thickness of the veins prior to retroperfusion. To accomplish this objective, five pigs were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) vein ligation while six pigs served as sham. Myocardial tissue samples were obtained from the area adjacent to the LAD vein at four transmural locations of the left ventricular free wall: epicardial surface, subepicardium, midmyocardium, and endocardium. Arterioles and venules from the experimental and sham control groups were photographed, and the following measurements were made: inner and outer circumferences, inner and outer areas, major and minor diameters, and intima-media thickness. Each vessel was categorized in four different orders according to lumen diameter. Our results show that intima-media thickness was larger in the experimental group in all four regions of the heart and in all four orders of the vessels, although venules from the epicardial region showed the largest increase in thickness. The intima-media thickness-to-radius ratio was also larger in the experimental group and decreased from epicardial to endocardial region of the heart and from order 1 to order 4 of the vessels. The present study provides a rationale for the development of coronary retroperfusion strategy that avoids vessel rupture and hemorrhage in the postcapillary venules.
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Julia, Julia, and Tedi Supriyadi. "The inheritance of values in Sundanese song of Cianjuran in West Java." Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 17, no. 2 (December 24, 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v17i2.8645.
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<p>This article examines the issue of inheritance that occurs in the Sundanese Song of Cianjuran. During this time, the inheritance is dominated by the transfer of skills only, while the transfer of value tends to be ignored. Consequently, the public cannot grasp the value of what is important to Sundanese Song of Cianjuran, so that over time the Sundanese Song of Cianjuran being abandoned. Through research conducted by observation into the studio and the training venues of Sundanese Song of Cianjuran, and interviews with the artists of Sundanese Song of Cianjuran, the study results showed two things. First, the Sundanese Song of Cianjuran contains the value both in lyrics and music accompaniment, in the lyrics have meaning is quite diverse, whereas the musical accompaniment contains any value in the form of symbolic treatment. Second, the process of inheritance value, on the one hand, occurs at certain times through a casual chat after training Sundanese Song of Cianjuran finished, and on the other hand, the value of inheritance is one drawback in the regeneration of Sunda Cianjuran song, because teachers tend to pass on the skills aspect alone.</p>
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Eppihimer, M. J., and H. H. Lipowsky. "Leukocyte sequestration in the microvasculature in normal and low flow states." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 267, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): H1122—H1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.267.3.h1122.
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Techniques of indicator dilution were applied to determine the relative transit times (TTs) of fluorescently labeled leukocytes (TTWBC), red blood cells (TTRBC), and plasma (TTpl) between functionally paired arterioles and venules in hamster cremaster muscle in normal and low flow states. In the normal flow state, paired measurements of TTWBC/TTpl in arteriovenous (A-V) pairs bounding the true capillaries averaged 0.75 +/- 0.08 (SE) s and were not significantly different from an average TTRBC/TTpl of 0.78 +/- 0.06 (SE) s as WBCs appeared to traverse the capillary segment through more centralized preferential pathways. In larger-diameter A-V pairs, significantly larger (10%) values of TTWBC/TTpl were found compared with TTRBC/TTpl due to margination of WBCs in postcapillary venules. To assess the relative effects of WBC-capillary plugging and WBC adhesion in venules on flow resistance, TTWBC was measured in normal and low flow states, with the latter induced by systemic administration of sodium nitroprusside, which resulted in an increase in TTpl from a norm of 1.08 +/- 0.16 to 2.62 +/- 0.44 (SE) s (P < 0.05). With onset of the low flow state, TTWBC/TTpl, the number of plugged capillaries, and the duration of capillary plugs did not change significantly from the norm. In contrast, the rate at which WBC-endothelium (-EC) adhesion increased with successive bolus injections increased approximately eight-fold during hypoperfusion. Estimates of the percentage increase in segmental resistance at the capillary level (due to plugging) and in postcapillary venules (due to EC adhesion) revealed that venous resistance may increase at a threefold greater rate due to WBC sequestration with each successive bolus infusion. Inasmuch as hemodynamic resistance in capillary and venular segments is of the same order of magnitude in the normal flow state, it appears that WBC adhesion in venules may have a far greater deleterious effect on microvascular blood flow in the low flow state.
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HANNON TEAL, KIMBERLY. "Fred Hersch at the Village Vanguard: The Sound of Jazz Heritage at New York's Oldest Jazz Club." Journal of the Society for American Music 12, no. 4 (November 2018): 449–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196318000366.
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AbstractA small basement in Manhattan's Greenwich Village neighborhood, an area known for its bohemian values, is home to what is now one of jazz's oldest and most significant venues, the Village Vanguard. Although its very name, geography, and twentieth-century countercultural context define the Village Vanguard, a haven for experiment, its unequaled historical significance and current status as a major landmark within worldwide jazz culture have led to a twenty-first-century reality in which the club not only features but also plays an important role in defining the music that constitutes the most widely accepted subgenre of contemporary jazz, an improvisatory, small-group tradition rooted in the philosophical and musical heritage of bebop. Through an examination of performances both at the Vanguard and in other contexts by pianist Fred Hersch, a performer regularly featured at the club, this article argues that the cultural role of the Village Vanguard, both in spite of and because of the way its longtime owner Lorraine Gordon retained mid-twentieth-century appearances and practices, has shifted from its former purpose as a space for avant-garde experiments to become a powerful force in defining mainstream jazz. Hersch tailors his performances to suit the culture of the Vanguard at multiple levels, including his choice of personnel and ensemble type, the repertoire he does and does not play there, and the musical details of his improvisatory practices. Due to the venue's fame and prevalence as a recording space, choices like these by Hersch and other musicians shape the music widely understood to be at the center of the “jazz tradition,” marking a shift in the nature of the Vanguard that parallels changes in both its local and global context over the past half century as Greenwich Village has undergone substantial gentrification and jazz has gained an ever-stronger foothold as an institutionally recognized art music.
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Thanopoulos, Basil (Vasileios) D., Petros Dardas, Alexandros Kallifatidis, and Shakeel A. Quireshi. "Percutaneous Implantation of Venus P-Valve and Melody Valve in a Patient with Dysfunctional Native and Artificial Right Ventricular Outflow Tracts." Journal of Structural Heart Disease 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12945/j.jshd.2019.024.18.
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House, S. D., and H. H. Lipowsky. "Microvascular hematocrit and red cell flux in rat cremaster muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 252, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): H211—H222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.252.1.h211.
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The arteriovenous distributions of volumetric flow (Q), microvessel hematocrit (Hctmicro), and estimates of red cell volumetric flux (QRBC) were obtained under control conditions in rat cremaster muscle. The results demonstrate a monotonic fall in the ratio of Hctmicro/Hctsystemic from 0.86 in 70-microns arterioles to 0.48 in capillaries followed by a subsequent rise to 0.79 in 98-microns venules. To assess the roles of Hctmicro and Q in red blood cell delivery following a period of reduced oxygen transport, tissue ischemia was produced by occluding the first order arteriole. During the occlusion, arteriolar and large venular hematocrits fell 15–30%, whereas small venular hematocrits increased 24%. After release of the occlusion, a reactive hyperemia ensued with Q, QRBC, and QHctmicro increasing significantly above control values in arterioles, capillaries, and venules. All Hctmicro returned to their control values within 10 s following resumption of flow. Based on the relationship between blood viscosity and Hctmicro, at low shear rate, these transient alterations in Hctmicro were estimated to have a profound effect on blood viscosity, and hence the resistance to blood flow. Such changes may affect recovery from an ischemic episode, although not adversely affecting the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and convective transport of oxygen.
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Cunniffe, Brian, Kevin A. Morgan, Julien S. Baker, Marco Cardinale, and Bruce Davies. "Home Versus Away Competition: Effect on Psychophysiological Variables in Elite Rugby Union." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 6 (September 2015): 687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0370.
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This study evaluated the effect of game venue and starting status on precompetitive psychophysiological measures in elite rugby union. Saliva samples were taken from players (starting XV, n = 15, and nonstarters, n = 9) on a control day and 90 min before 4 games played consecutively at home and away venues against local rivals and league leaders. Precompetition psychological states were assessed using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory−2. The squad recorded 2 wins (home) and 2 losses (away) over the study period. Calculated effect sizes (ESs) showed higher pregame cortisol- (C) and testosterone- (T) difference values before all games than on a baseline control day (ES 0.7−1.5). Similar findings were observed for cognitive and somatic anxiety. Small between-venues C differences were observed in starting XV players (ES 0.2−0.25). Conversely, lower home T- (ES 0.95) and higher away C- (ES 0.6) difference values were observed in nonstarters. Lower T-difference values were apparent in nonstarters (vs starting XV) before home games, providing evidence of a between-groups effect (ES 0.92). Findings show an anticipatory rise in psychophysiological variables before competition. Knowledge of starting status appears a moderating factor in the magnitude of player endocrine response between home and away games.
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AlAli, Murtadha, Nikolaos Silikas, and Julian Satterthwaite. "The Effects of Toothbrush Wear on the Surface Roughness and Gloss of Resin Composites with Various Types of Matrices." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9010008.
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Objective: To evaluate and compare the surface roughness and gloss of a DMA-free composite and Bis-GMA-free composite with a DMA-based composite before and after toothbrushing simulation. Materials and Methods: Fifteen dimensionally standardised composite specimens of three nano-hybrid resin composites (Tetric EvoCeram, Admira Fusion, and Venus Diamond) were used. Five specimens from each composite were polished and then subjected to a toothbrushing simulator. Surface roughness (Ra) and gloss were measured before toothbrushing and after 5000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. The data was analysed using 5 × 3 ANOVA to assess surface roughness and gloss values and pairwise comparisons in the form of Tukey post hoc tests were performed to interpret main effects. Results: For all tested materials, surface roughness increased, and gloss decreased after toothbrushing abrasion. Surface roughness (Ra) values ranged from 0.14 to 0.22 μm at baseline and increased to between 0.41 and 0.49 μm after 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. Gloss values ranged between 31.9 and 50.6 GU at baseline and between 5.1 and 19.5 GU after 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. The lowest initial Ra value was detected in Venus Diamond and the highest initial gloss value was detected in Tetric EvoCeram. Conclusions: Simulated toothbrushing abrasion led to an increase in surface roughness and a decrease in gloss for all tested materials. Venus Diamond had the smoothest surface and Tetric EvoCeram had the glossiest surface after polishing and following 20,000 cycles of toothbrushing abrasion. Admira Fusion demonstrated the roughest surface and had the lowest gloss values before and after toothbrushing abrasion.
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Schupp, Karen. "Dancing the ‘American Dream’: Dance Competition Culture in Times of Shifting Values." Nordic Journal of Dance 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/njd-2018-0004.
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Abstract Dance competitions–events where local dance studios that are focused on contemporary, jazz, ballet, hip hop and tap compete in regional and national events for awards–are not simply venues for entertainment; they are a microcosm of the social and cultural values in the United States. Competitors need to persevere despite personal challenges, the open entry system for competitions makes it seem that anyone who can pay the entry fee has an equal chance at winning first place, and the construction of a glamorous performance all reinforce the myth of the American Dream—if you work hard, you can achieve fame. Drawing on original and previously published theoretical and empirical studies of the culture surrounding dance competitions, this article investigates dance competition culture in relation to shifting United States democratic ideals. If the dance competition culture does in fact reflect broader United States socio-cultural and political values, what does this mean in relation to Donald Trump’s ascendency and the emerging political values of ‘Generation Z’, or those who were born after the year 2000 (the key participants in dance competition culture). Examining both the dancing that occurs in and the frameworks and practices that support the dance competition culture raises valuable questions about the performance of United States democratic ideals on the dance competition stage.
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Morimoto, Akira, Izumi Takase, Yukio Shimizu, and Katsuji Nishi. "Assessment of cervical venous blood flow and the craniocervical venus valve using ultrasound sonography." Legal Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 2009): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2008.07.006.
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DeLano, F. A., R. Balete, and G. W. Schmid-Schönbein. "Control of oxidative stress in microcirculation of spontaneously hypertensive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 2 (February 2005): H805—H812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00696.2004.
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One mechanism for organ damage in individuals with arterial hypertension may be due to oxygen free radical production. This study was designed to localize free radicals in a microvascular network of mature spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Because glucocorticoids play a role in pressure elevation of SHRs, we investigated their role in microvascular free radical formation. Oxygen radical production in mesentery was detected by tetranitroblue tetrazolium reduction to formazan aided by digital light-absorption measurements. Formazan deposits were observed in the endothelial cells and lumens of all microvessels and in lymphatic endothelia but were fewer in tissue parenchyma. The formazan distribution in younger (14–16 wk old) WKY rats and SHRs was heterogeneous with low values in capillaries and small arterioles/venules (<30 μm) but enhanced deposits in larger venules. Adrenalectomy served to reduce the formazan density in SHRs to the level of WKY rats, whereas dexamethasone supplementation of the adrenalectomized rats caused elevation in the larger venules of SHRs. In older (40 wk old) SHRs, formazan levels were elevated in all hierarchies of microvessels. After pressure reduction was employed with chronic hydralazine treatment, the formazan deposits were reduced in all locations of the microcirculation in both WKY rats and SHRs. Elevated formazan deposits were also found in lymphatic endothelium. These results suggest that oxygen free radical production is elevated in both high- and low-pressure regions of SHR microcirculation via a process that is controlled by glucocorticoids. Older SHRs have higher formazan levels than younger SHRs in all microvessels. Chronic hydralazine treatment, which serves to reduce arterial blood pressure, attenuates tetranitroblue tetrazolium reduction in WKY rats and SHRs even in venules of the microcirculation, which has no micropressure elevation. Free radical production may be a more global condition in SHRs and may not be limited to arteries and arterioles.
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McDonald, D. M. "Endothelial gaps and permeability of venules in rat tracheas exposed to inflammatory stimuli." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 266, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): L61—L83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1994.266.1.l61.
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This study determined the number of endothelial gaps in venules of the rat trachea and related these values to the amount of plasma extravasation after an inflammatory stimulus (neurogenic inflammation). From 1 to 30 min after the stimulus, vessels were fixed by vascular perfusion, and endothelial cell borders were stained with silver nitrate, which made it possible to quantify the number and distribution of endothelial gaps. It also was possible to quantify the leukocyte attachment sites, to measure the size, shape, and number of endothelial cells, and to delineate the architecture of the tracheal vasculature. Sites of increased vascular permeability were localized with Monastral blue B, india ink, or fluorescent microspheres. After the stimulus, the silver lines around endothelial cells of postcapillary venules and collecting venules were interrupted by stereotyped silver dots (diam, 1.4 +/- 0.03 microns; +/- SE), which were found by electron microscopy to be silver deposits at endothelial gaps. The dots were most abundant in the smallest postcapillary venules (diam, 7-20 microns) where Monastral blue extravasation was greatest. The number of silver dots (14.4 +/- 0.7 dots/endothelial cell) and the amount of extravasation were maximal 1 min after the stimulus. However, the dots disappeared more slowly (half-life, 3.2 min) than did the extravasation (half-life, 1.3 min). In addition to the silver dots, 64% of the sites at which leukocytes were attached to the endothelium were stained with silver. These sites were marked by silver rings (diam, 3.4 +/- 0.2 microns) and were most numerous in the largest postcapillary venules (diam, 20–40 microns). Most (95%) of the silver rings were located at intercellular junctions but usually were not sites of Monastral blue extravasation. The results indicate that endothelial gaps at intercellular junctions are focal openings, which occupy < 3% of the luminal surface and are distinct from sites of leukocyte attachment. The reduction in Monastral blue extravasation that precedes the closure of the gaps could result from a decrease in the driving force for the convective movement of the tracer or from a decrease in the conductance of the gaps, perhaps due to the accumulation of sievelike substances within the gaps.
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Adesina, Kola, Adeyemi Obalanlege, and Lekan Togunwa. "Gone to Stamford Bridge? Influence of Foreign Football and Its Digital Coverage on Youths in Abeokuta, Nigeria." Studies in Media and Communication 5, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v5i1.2415.
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This study investigates the influence of foreign football and its digital coverage among youths in Abeokuta. It examines the values portrayed by internet/satellite technology, the extent to which these values affect Nigerian youths, and the extent to which Nigerian youths’ exposure to foreign football through the internet/satellite technology affects their commitment to Nigerian football.The study employed qualitative method of Focus Group Discussion (FGD), using discussion guide to source data from youth in Abeokuta South and Abeokuta North Local Government Areas.Among others, the study discovered that major values promoted by internet technology such as technical companionship, global citizenship and technological determinism enhances western values and interests, and have undermined to a very large extent the citizenship values of Nigerian youths. Nigerian youths have practically abandoned their citizenship values such as love and loyalty to the country, patriotism and commitment to national ideas, and have embraced the values promoted by the internet with their passion for foreign football.The main findings recognises Nigerian youths interest in European football was motivated by good organization, adequate and quality facilities and good football on the field of play; hence Nigerian youths abandoned Nigerian football due to poor management, inadequate and poor facilities and insecurity at match venues, among other factors.Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that Nigerian football should be overhauled. There is need for proper funding to fix facilities like quality stadia, provision of security at match venues and ensure proper administration of the games. Youth football should be revived in Nigeria and grassroots football should be re-introduced at primary and secondary school levels to discover raw talents. Adequate arrangement should be made for marketing and sponsorship programmes, including live coverage of football events on the Nigeria television network.
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Pérez-de-Tejada, H. "Empirical Values of the Transport Coefficients of the Solar Wind: Conditions in the Venus Ionosheath." Astrophysical Journal 618, no. 2 (December 8, 2004): L145—L148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/425864.
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Song, Guangyuan, Hasan Jilaihawi, Moyang Wang, Mao Chen, Jian’an Wang, Wei Wang, Yuan Feng, et al. "Severe Symptomatic Bicuspid and Tricuspid Aortic Stenosis in China: Characteristics and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement with the Venus-A Valve." Structural Heart 2, no. 1 (November 13, 2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748706.2017.1398437.
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Maass-Moreno, R., and C. F. Rothe. "Nonlinear resistances in hepatic microcirculation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 269, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): H1922—H1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.269.6.h1922.
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The liver provides a reservoir available for mobilizing large amounts of blood, but if a change in downstream (outflow) pressure below a certain magnitude (break pressure) does not change upstream pressures, blood volume redistribution may be limited. For downstream pressures larger than the break pressure, the upstream pressures change proportionately. We tested the hypothesis that this nonlinear mode of pressure transmission could be found from the abdominal vena cava to the hepatic microcirculation and from the hepatic microcirculation to the portal vein. Using a servo-null micropipette technique, we measured microvascular pressures at the liver surface of rabbits. In 16 of 30 measurements, increasing the pressure at the liver outflow, by partially occluding the caudal thoracic vena cava, caused an increase in hepatic venular pressure only after the abdominal vena caval pressure exceeded a break pressure of 2.85 +/- 0.92 mmHg. In 13 of 31 measurements, portal venous pressure was not changed until the hepatic venular pressure exceeded a break pressure of 3.36 +/- 0.54 mmHg. Similar behavior and values were obtained for sinusoids and portal venules. When present, the sharp inflection in the upstream-downstream pressure plots suggests that this may be caused by a Starling resistor-type mechanism. When the break was absent, the downstream pressure may have been larger than the break pressure. We conclude that significant hepatic resistances with nonlinear characteristics exist upstream and downstream to the central venules, sinusoids, and portal venules.
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SIGISMONDI, COSTANTINO. "MEASURING SOLAR DIAMETER WITH 2012 VENUS TRANSITS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 23 (January 2013): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513011744.
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The role of Venus and Mercury transits is crucial to know the past history of the solar diameter. Through the W parameter, the logarithmic derivative of the radius with respect to the luminosity, the past values of the solar luminosity can be recovered. The black drop phenomenon affects the evaluation of the instants of internal and external contacts between the planetary disk and the solar limb. With these observed instants compared with the ephemerides the value of the solar diameter is recovered. The black drop and seeing effects are overcome with two fitting circles, to Venus and to the Sun, drawn in the undistorted part of the image. The corrections of ephemerides due to the atmospheric refraction will also be taken into account. The forthcoming transit of Venus will allow an accuracy on the diameter of the Sun better than 0.01 arcsec, with good images of the ingress and of the egress taken each second. Chinese solar observatories are in the optimal conditions to obtain valuable data for the measurement of the solar diameter with the Venus transit of 5/6 June 2012 with an unprecedented accuracy, and with absolute calibration given by the ephemerides.
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Kovtanyuk, Andrey, Alexander Chebotarev, Varvara Turova, Irina Sidorenko, and Renée Lampe. "Non-Stationary Model of Cerebral Oxygen Transport with Unknown Sources." Mathematics 9, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9080910.
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An inverse problem for a system of equations modeling oxygen transport in the brain is studied. The problem consists of finding the right-hand side of the equation for the blood oxygen transport, which is a linear combination of given functionals describing the average oxygen concentration in the neighborhoods of the ends of arterioles and venules. The overdetermination condition is determined by the values of these functionals evaluated on the solution. The unique solvability of the problem is proven without any smallness assumptions on the model parameters.
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Tsai, Amy G., Cesar Acero, Patricia R. Nance, Pedro Cabrales, John A. Frangos, Donald G. Buerk, and Marcos Intaglietta. "Elevated plasma viscosity in extreme hemodilution increases perivascular nitric oxide concentration and microvascular perfusion." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 4 (April 2005): H1730—H1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00998.2004.
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We tested the hypothesis that high-viscosity (HV) plasma in extreme hemodilution causes wall shear stress to be greater than low-viscosity (LV) plasma, leading to enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO). The perivascular concentration of NO was measured in arterioles and venules and the tissue of the hamster chamber window model, subjected to acute extreme hemodilution, with a hematocrit (Hct) of 11% using Dextran 500 ( n = 6) or Dextran 70 ( n = 5) with final plasma viscosities of 1.99 ± 0.11 and 1.33 ± 0.04 cp, respectively. HV plasma significantly increased the periarteriolar, perivenular, and tissue NO concentration by 2.0, 1.9, and 1.4 times the control ( n = 7). The NO concentration with LV plasma was not statistically different from control. Arteriolar shear stress was significantly increased in HV plasma relative to LV plasma in arterioles but not in venules. Aortic endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein expression was increased with HV plasma but not with LV plasma. There was a weak correlation between perivascular NO concentration and the locally calculated shear stress induced by the procedures, when blood viscosity was corrected according to Hct values previously determined in studies of microvascular Hct distribution. The finding that the periarteriolar and venular NO concentration in HV plasma was the same although arteriolar shear stress was significantly greater than venular shear stress maybe be due to differences in vessel wall metabolism between arterioles and venules and the presence of NO transport through the blood stream in the microcirculation. Results support the concept that in extreme hemodilution HV plasma maintains functional capillary density through a NO-mediated vasodilatation.
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Huxley, Virginia H., JianJie Wang, and Stevan P. Whitt. "Sexual dimorphism in the permeability response of coronary microvessels to adenosine." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 4 (April 2005): H2006—H2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01007.2004.
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Gender influences volume regulation via several mechanisms; whether these include microvascular exchange, especially in the heart, is not known. In response to adenosine (Ado), permeability ( Ps) to protein of coronary arterioles of female pigs decreases acutely. Whether Ado induces similar Ps changes in arterioles from males or whether equivalent responses occur in coronary venules of either sex has not been determined. Hypotheses that 1) basal Ps properties and 2) Ps responses to vasoactive stimuli are sex independent were evaluated from measures of Ps to two hydrophilic proteins, α-lactalbumin and porcine serum albumin (PSA), in arterioles and venules isolated from hearts of adult male and female pigs. Consistent with hypothesis 1, basal Ps values of both microvessel types were independent of sex. Contrary to hypothesis 2, Ps responses to Ado varied with sex, protein, and vessel type. Confirming earlier studies, Ado induced a ∼20% decrease in Ps to both proteins in coronary arterioles from females. In arterioles from males, Ado did not change Ps for α-lactalbumin ([Formula: see text], 3 ± 13%), whereas Ps for PSA ([Formula: see text]) decreased by 27 ± 8% ( P < 0.005). In venules from females, Ado elevated [Formula: see text] by 44 ± 20% ( P < 0.05), whereas in those from males, Ado reduced [Formula: see text] by 24 ± 5% ( P < 0.05). The variety of outcomes is consistent with transvascular protein and protein-carried solute flux being regulated by multiple sex-dependent mechanisms in the heart and provides evidence of differences in exchange homeostasis of males and females in health and, likely, disease.
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Szalay, László, Imre Gergő Gyökös, and Zsuzsanna Békefi. "Cold hardiness of peach flowers at different phenological stages." Horticultural Science 45, No. 3 (September 5, 2018): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/146/2016-hortsci.
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At the colder peach production regions it is important to know the cold hardiness of peach cultivars at different phenological stages of flowering. In our experiment, artificial freezing tests were conducted in a climate chamber in five selected years between the period of 2007 and 2016 to determine the freeze tolerance of generative organs of three peach cultivars (‘Venus’, ‘Redhaven’, ‘Piroska’) at different phenological stages of bloom. Based on the results of the laboratory freezing tests LT<sub>50</sub> values were calculated. Our results showed that LT<sub>50</sub> values of examined peach cultivars in swelled bud stage averaged over five years were between –6.8 and –11.2°C according to cultivar, and as phenological phases progressed, cold hardiness of generative organs decreased. At the end of bloom LT<sub>50</sub> values varied between –1.7 and –4.1°C. Cultivar ‘Piroska’ had the highest freeze tolerance and cultivar ‘Venus’ showed the lowest in each year studied. This study shows that trees with delayed development are more prone to cold damage to flowers.
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László, Szalay, Gyökös Imre Gergő, and Békefi Zsuzsanna. "Cold hardiness of peach flowers at different phenological stages." Horticultural Science 45, No. 3 (September 5, 2018): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/46/2016-hortsci.
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At the colder peach production regions it is important to know the cold hardiness of peach cultivars at different phenological stages of flowering. In our experiment, artificial freezing tests were conducted in a climate chamber in five selected years between the period of 2007 and 2016 to determine the freeze tolerance of generative organs of three peach cultivars (‘Venus’, ‘Redhaven’, ‘Piroska’) at different phenological stages of bloom. Based on the results of the laboratory freezing tests LT<sub>50</sub> values were calculated. Our results showed that LT<sub>50</sub> values of examined peach cultivars in swelled bud stage averaged over five years were between –6.8 and –11.2°C according to cultivar, and as phenological phases progressed, cold hardiness of generative organs decreased. At the end of bloom LT<sub>50</sub> values varied between –1.7 and –4.1°C. Cultivar ‘Piroska’ had the highest freeze tolerance and cultivar ‘Venus’ showed the lowest in each year studied. This study shows that trees with delayed development are more prone to cold damage to flowers.
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Sun, Angela, Joyce Cheng, Julie H. T. Dang, Charlene Cuaresma, Annalyn Valdez-Dadia, Rachel J. Mesia, Penny Lo, et al. "Incorporating cultural values and use of technology platforms may help outreach Asian Americans in cancer clinical trial participation." International Journal of Healthcare 4, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v4n2p34.
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Asian Americans are the fastest growing ethnic group in U.S. However, they represent only 1.7% of U.S. cancer clinical trial participants. This pilot study describes findings on barriers, promoters and recommendations related to cancer clinical trial participation from Asian Americans. The research team conducted 3 focus groups comprised of 21 community members and 4 key informant interviews with healthcare providers. Qualitative methodology was used to identify themes about cancer clinical trial participation. Barriers and promoters were categorized based on themes identified and previous study findings. Eight major themes and 5 recommendations were identified from the focus group data. Five major themes and 7 recommendations were identified from the key informant data. Asian Americans’ decision to participate in cancer clinical trials is largely influenced by their cultural values and practices such as altruism and family-based decision making process. Technology platforms provide promising venues to reach Asian Americans. Family-based decision making process, altruism, and the use of technology platforms may need to be considered when outreaching to Asian Americans on cancer clinical trial participation.
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Oliveira, Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de, Karla Rovaris, Viviane Hass, Eduardo José Souza-Júnior, Francisco Haiter-Neto, and Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti. "Effect of Low Shrinkage Monomers on Physicochemical Properties of Dental Resin Composites." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 3 (June 2015): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300401.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low shrinkage monomers on physicochemical properties of dental resin composites. Two low shrinkage resin composites: one with a crosslink branching monomer (Kalore, GC Corp) and a novel monomer (Venus Diamond, Heraeus Kulzer) were compared to a conventional resin composite formulation (Filtek Z250, 3M/ESPE). The volumetric shrinkage was evaluated by µCT analysis (n=5) and the physicochemical properties by degree of C=C conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS) and Young's modulus (YM) (n=10). All samples were light cured by a LED device (Radii, SDI) with 16 J/cm2. The results were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test for multiple comparisons (α=0.05). No statistical difference was found between µCT shrinkage values to Kalore (1.8%) and Venus Diamond (1.7%) (p≥0.05); Z250 presented statistical highest shrinkage value (2.0%). Kalore presented higher statistical DC (60.8%) than Venus Diamond (49.5%) and Z250 (49.6%). No statistical difference was found between FS or YM properties to Venus Diamond and Z250; Kalore presented statistical lowest FS and YM properties (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Using novel monomers seem to reduce polymerization shrinkage without affecting the physicochemical properties evaluated of resin composites rather than using crosslink branching monomers.
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Kuhnle, G. E., F. H. Leipfinger, and A. E. Goetz. "Measurement of microhemodynamics in the ventilated rabbit lung by intravital fluorescence microscopy." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 1462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.3.1462.
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Pulmonary microhemodynamic parameters were directly measured along with systemic pressures and cardiac output in the ventilated rabbit lung. Subpleural arterioles and venules ranging from 10 to 35 microns luminal diameter were investigated under zone 2 conditions, i.e., during inspiratory plateau at an airway pressure of 8 mmHg. Mean arteriolar and venular diameters (24.6 +/- 3.3 and 21.9 +/- 3.6 microns, respectively), mean red blood cell (RBC) fluxes (1,549 +/- 501 and 1,257 +/- 600 cells/s), and mean RBC velocities (0.79 +/- 0.21 and 0.82 +/- 0.21 mm/s) were measured using a fluorescence video-microscopic technique. Calculated microhematocrit (Hct mu) was below systemic values (Hctsys) (Hct mu/Hctsys: arterioles, 0.75 +/- 0.12; venules, 0.67 +/- 0.08). The mean capillary transit time of RBC was 0.47 +/- 0.16 s over a mean arteriovenous distance of 173 +/- 70 m. Significant correlations were demonstrated between microhemodynamic parameters. A correlation among cardiac output, pulmonary arterial pressure, and RBC velocity demonstrates the connection between macro- and microhemodynamics in the rabbit lung. In conclusion, the present model is the first one enabling the measurements of the principal circulatory determinants for gas exchange, i.e., microvascular blood flow, Hct mu, and capillary transit time of RBCs in the ventilated rabbit lung under simultaneous macrocirculatory control.
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Kumar, Dinesh Kant, Behzad Aliahmad, Hao Hao, Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin, and Ryo Kawasaki. "A Method for Visualization of Fine Retinal Vascular Pulsation Using Nonmydriatic Fundus Camera Synchronized with Electrocardiogram." ISRN Ophthalmology 2013 (March 10, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/865834.
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Pulsatile changes in retinal vascular geometry over the cardiac cycle have clinical implication for diagnosis of ocular and systemic vascular diseases. In this study, we report a Vesselness Mapping of Retinal Image Sequence (VMRS) methodology to visualize the vessel pulsation and quantify the pulsatile motions in the cardiac cycle. Retinal images were recorded in an image sequence corresponding to 8 segments of the cardiac cycle using a nonmydriatic fundus camera (Canon CR45, Canon Inc., Japan) modified with ECG-synchronization. Individual cross-sectional vessel diameters were measured separately and the significance of the variations was tested statistically by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The graders observed an improved quality of vessel pulsation on a wide region around the optic disk using the VMRS. Individual cross- sectional vessel diameter measurement after visualization of pulsatile motions resulted in the detection of more significant diameter change for both arterioles (3.3 μm, P=0.001) and venules (6.6 μm, P<0.001) compared to individual measurement without visualization of the pulsatile motions (all P values > 0.05), showing an increase of 2.1 μm and 4.7 μm for arterioles and venules, respectively.
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Yen, R. T., and S. S. Sobin. "Elasticity of arterioles and venules in postmortem human lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.2.611.
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The elasticity and branching order of noncapillary microscopic blood vessels less than 100 microns diam were studied in human lungs obtained 7–30 h postmortem, using a silicone elastomer method that selectively filled pulmonary arterioles or venules. The lungs were inflated to 10 cmH2O pressure and a gradient of transmural vascular pressure of 0–17 cm H2O, from lobe base to apex, was established in the silicone-filled vascular system. Histological materials were obtained after airway fixation by formaldehyde solution and analyzed for vessel diameter in the branching order of 1, 2, and 3, with the smallest noncapillary vessel designated as order 1, in accord with the Strahler system. The change in vessel diameter within a branching order at different levels of transmural pressure is a derived measure of vascular elasticity expressed as compliance coefficient alpha, alpha Values are 0.128, 0.164, and 0.210 micron/cmH2O or 0.682, 0.472, and 0.354%/cmH2O, respectively, of orders 1–3 for arterioles and 0.187, 0.215, and 0.250 micron/cmH2O or 0.992, 0.612, and 0.424%/cmH2O, respectively, of orders 1–3 for venules. The percent is normalized with D0, which is the value of diameter (D) when the transmural pressure is zero. These data are compared with those for the cat where alpha = 0.274 for similar juxta-alveolar vessels.
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Bergan, John J. "Chronic Venous Insufficiency and the Therapeutic Effects of Daflon 500 mg." Angiology 56, no. 6_suppl (February 2005): S21—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00033197050560i104.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic venous insufficiency is linked to venous hypertension and forces of shear stress on the endothelium. Venous hypertension depends upon two forces: the weight of a column of blood from the right atrium transmitted through the valveless vena cava and iliac veins to the femoral vein, and pressure generated by contracting skeletal muscles of the leg transmitted through failed perforating veins. When valve failure occurs in superficial axial veins and perforating veins, the venous pressure in the veins and venules of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is raised. The skin changes in chronic venous insufficiency are directly related to the severity of the venous hypertension. Also, pathologic changes in the valves are linked to venous hypertension and leukocyte infiltration and activation. It is hypothesized that acute venous pressure elevations cause a shift in the venous hemodynamics with changes in wall shear stress. This initiates the inflammatory cascade. Daflon 500 mg ameliorates the effects of chronic inflammation. In randomized trials, 60 days of therapy with Daflon at a dosage of 500 mg 2 tablets daily was effective, in addition to elastic compression, in accelerating venous ulcer healing. Because venous insufficiency is linked to venous hypertension and an inflammatory reaction, it appears that Daflon 500 mg 2 tablets daily shows a great potential for accomplishing blockade of the inflammatory cascade.
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Menger, M. D., D. Steiner, and K. Messmer. "Microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury in striated muscle: significance of "no reflow"." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): H1892—H1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.6.h1892.
Full textAbstract:
“No reflow” has been implicated as prominent phenomenon in microvascular injury associated with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The objectives of this study were 1) to elucidate the significance of no reflow in microvascular I/R injury of striated muscle and 2) to determine whether reactive oxygen metabolites play a role in the development of postischemic no reflow. By use of the hamster dorsal skinfold preparation and intravital microscopy, microvascular perfusion of capillaries and postcapillary venules of striated muscle was quantitatively assessed before and 30 min, 2 h, and 24 h after 4 h of tourniquet-induced ischemia. I/R was characterized by a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in functional capillary density to 35% of baseline values during initial reperfusion, with incomplete recovery after 24 h (n = 9). In addition, capillary perfusion was found to be extremely heterogeneous, and wall shear rate in postcapillary venules was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Treatment with either superoxide dismutase (SOD; n = 9) or allopurinol (n = 9) resulted in maintenance of capillary density of 60% of baseline (P < 0.05). Furthermore, I/R-induced capillary perfusion inhomogeneities and decrease of wall shear rate in venules were attenuated significantly (P < 0.01) by SOD and allopurinol. Thus part of capillary perfusion disturbances during I/R in striated muscle may be caused by increased postcapillary vascular resistance, probably mediated by reactive oxygen metabolites. However, the fact that in SOD- and allopurinol-treated animals 40% of the capillaries were still found to be nonperfused indicates that mechanisms other than oxygen radicals play an important role in the development of postischemic no reflow.
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Dongaonkar, Ranjeet M., Christopher M. Quick, Jonathan C. Vo, Joshua K. Meisner, Glen A. Laine, Michael J. Davis, and Randolph H. Stewart. "Blood flow augmentation by intrinsic venular contraction in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 302, no. 12 (June 15, 2012): R1436—R1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00635.2011.
Full textAbstract:
Venomotion, spontaneous cyclic contractions of venules, was first observed in the bat wing 160 years ago. Of all the functional roles proposed since then, propulsion of blood by venomotion remains the most controversial. Common animal models that require anesthesia and surgery have failed to provide evidence for venular pumping of blood. To determine whether venomotion actively pumps blood in a minimally invasive, unanesthetized animal model, we reintroduced the batwing model. We evaluated the temporal and functional relationship between the venous contraction cycle and blood flow and luminal pressure. Furthermore, we determined the effect of inhibiting venomotion on blood flow. We found that the active venous contractions produced an increase in the blood flow and exhibited temporal vessel diameter-blood velocity and pressure relationships characteristic of a peristaltic pump. The presence of valves, a characteristic of reciprocating pumps, enhances the efficiency of the venular peristaltic pump by preventing retrograde flow. Instead of increasing blood flow by decreasing passive resistance, venular dilation with locally applied sodium nitroprusside decreased blood flow. Taken together, these observations provide evidence for active venular pumping of blood. Although strong venomotion may be unique to bats, venomotion has also been inferred from venous pressure oscillations in other animal models. The conventional paradigm of microvascular pressure and flow regulation assumes venules only act as passive resistors, a proposition that must be reevaluated in the presence of significant venomotion.
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Chauhan, Anil K., Janka Kisucka, Colin B. Lamb, Wofgang Bergmeier, and Denisa D. Wagner. "von Willebrand Factor and Factor VIII Are Independently Required To Form Stable Occlusive Thrombi in Injured Veins." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1789.1789.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large adhesive glycoprotein synthesized in megakaryocytes and endothelial cells and stored in platelet a-granules and Weibel-Palade bodies respectively. It protects Factor VIII (FVIII) from proteolysis and mediates the initial contact of platelets with the injured vessel wall thus playing an important role in hemostasis and thrombosis. VWF is crucial for the formation of occlusive thrombi at arterial shear rates. However, with only a few conflicting studies published, the role of VWF in venous thrombosis is still unclear. Therefore in order to understand the in vivo role of VWF and FVIII in experimental thrombosis under venous flow conditions, we decided to evaluate thrombosis in VWF−/−, FVIII−/− and transgenic mice lacking the GPIbα extracellular domain which was replaced by human Interleukin-4 receptor (IL4Rα/GPIbα-tg). In ferric chloride-injured veins, platelet adhesion to subendothelium is decreased and thrombus growth is impaired in the VWF−/− mice when compared to wild-type (WT). In the WT mice, thrombi grew to occlusive size with a mean time of 18 min and all injured venules occluded, whereas in VWF−/− mice none of the vessels occluded by 40 min after injury, when observation was terminated. Venules of mice deficient in FVIII treated similarly also did not occlude because of embolization. The infusion of recombinant human-FVIII (r-hu-FVIII) in FVIII−/− mice normalized the occlusion time to WT values. We also observed thrombus instability in the VWF−/− mice, which was due to lower FVIII levels in these mice since r-huFVIII restored thrombus stability i.e. prevented breaking of the thrombi with large platelet aggregates moving downstream. Despite normalization of blood clotting time and thrombus stability after r-FVIII infusion, the VWF−/− thrombi grew at a slower rate than WT and the venules did not occlude. In transgenic mice lacking the GPIbα extracellular domain, all injured venules occluded. Thus, VWF uses other adhesion receptors besides GPIbα in thrombus growth under venous shear conditions. Our studies document crucial independent roles for VWF and FVIII in experimental thrombosis under venous flow conditions in vivo.