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1
Oksanen, E. "Effect of Ventilation Type on Radon Concentration at Places of Work." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1994): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082423.
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Abstract Indoor radon (222Rn) concentrations were measured at 76 child care facilities and 36 schools in southern Finland. The buildings had three different types of ventilation systems: mechanical air supply and exhaust, mechanical exhaust, and natural ventilation, the first being most common. The effect of the ventilation type on the long-term radon concentration was studied in child care facilities. The radon concentrations were highest in the naturally ventilated buildings. The mechanical air supply and exhaust system maintained the lowest values in cold wintertime. In school buildings both the long-term radon concentration and short-term radon and daughter concentrations were measured. The correlation of the ventilation type and the radon concentration was not obvious in this group of measurements. But the radon concentrations and the equilibrium factors were highest in buildings with natural ventilation. Radon concentrations were generally lower during the working hours than during the one-month period, as expected.
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Cabovská, Blanka, Despoina Teli, Jan-Olof Dalenbäck, Sarka Langer, and Lars Ekberg. "A study on the relationship between energy performance and IEQ parameters in school buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124601006.
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Over the last decades, strong focus has been placed on the energy efficiency of buildings; not least school buildings. Energy performance (EP) of buildings is nowadays in principle described by one single indicator based on purchased energy in kWh/year.m2. Another important building performance aspect is the indoor environmental quality. This study’s overarching goal is to identify school buildings with a good balance between energy performance and indoor environment. Thus, this paper investigates possible correlations between information given in energy performance certificates (EPCs/e.g. energy use, year of construction, type of ventilation) and measured indoor environmental parameters. The work comprises investigation of approximately 20 school buildings with different ventilation systems in Gothenburg. In-situ investigations of the buildings’ properties and ventilation systems were conducted. Indoor environmental parameters were recorded during one week in each classroom. In this paper, indoor temperature, absolute humidity added indoors and CO2 concentration data are compared with the corresponding school’s energy performance data and ventilation type. Results suggest that mechanically ventilated buildings have clearer relationships between energy performance, building indicators and measured indoor environment. For buildings such as naturally ventilated, the relationships are usually weak, and the values spread over much wider ranges.
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Zhu, Xin Rong, Wei Liu, Liu Yang, and Jia Ping Liu. "Night Ventilation Research of Office Buildings Part 1: Sensitivity Analysis of Ventilation Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3002–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3002.
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Night ventilation has been proved to be an effective cooling method, especially in regions with a large temperature difference between day and night. The main work of this paper is to analyze the parameters associated with ventilation effects in office buildings with night ventilation in the city of Xi'an. For this purpose, field investigation about different kinds of office buildings has been carried out, based on which, a typical office building simulation model has been built. Three parameters, including temperature difference between day and night, thermal storage performance and air change rate are studied by the energy simulation software DeST and the optimum values have been proposed for each parameter. The conclusions can be useful in night ventilation design process.
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Zhu, Xin Rong, Liu Yang, and Jia Ping Liu. "Night Ventilation Research of Office Buildings Part 2: Cooling Potential of Continental Climate Zone in China." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1066.
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Night ventilation is one kind of passive cooling ways which is very effective in certain climate type. The main work of this paper is to determine the cooling potential of office buildings that use night ventilation in the city of Xi'an. Xi'an is located in the Continental Climate zone of China. For this purpose, a typical office building simulation model has been built for the numerical analysis. Cooling and energy-saving potential of night ventilation in office buildings is determined through the simulation in different ventilation and air-conditioning cases by the energy simulation software DeST.
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Kostuganov, Arman, Yuri Vytchikov, and Andrey Prilepskiy. "Self-contained ventilation system of civil buildings built into window structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819602007.
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The article describes development and application of self-contained ventilation systems in civil buildings. It suggests several models of air exchange within the building, compares these models and points out the variant of ventilating with self-contained mechanical systems with utilization of heat. The researchers conclude that structurally self-contained systems of mechanical ventilation with utilization of heat are most efficiently built into window constructions. This installation variant makes it possible to keep the interior, avoid building construction strengthening, shorten time and labor input of construction-assembling works, allow rational use of the vertical building envelopes area without extra space using. The paper key issue is the development of constructive solutions of self-contained ventilation systems main elements to ensure the possibility of their use in window structures. This research stage was developed with account of previous results of field tests and of such ventilation systems theoretical descriptions. The authors assess limit dimensions of the systems suitable for installment into window constructions of civil buildings in the view of modern Russian requirements to thermal protection. The research suggests a general constructive solution of such a ventilation system and a heat exchanger model which can be used as an air heat utilizer in these systems.
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Piotrowski, Jerzy, and Radosław Zaborek. "The program of renovation work on the example of the system building constructionW-70." Budownictwo i Architektura 13, no. 3 (September 11, 2014): 041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1762.
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The article presents a program of renovation works for buildings realized in the system W-70. The scope of work necessary to comply is analyzed and described with the specification of alternative materials and technology solutions. The analysis covers the building safety, thermal insulation, air exchange and ventilation, installation, visual and utility comfort. Special attention is paid to the work of improving microclimate in the rooms.
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Zender-Świercz, Ewa. "Review of IAQ in Premises Equipped with Façade–Ventilation Systems." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020220.
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Poor indoor air quality affects the health of the occupants of a given structure or building. It reduces the effectiveness of learning and work efficiency. Among many pollutants, PM 2.5 and 10 dusts are extremely important. They can be eliminated using mechanical ventilation equipped with filters. Façade ventilation devices are used as a way to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in existing buildings. For their analysis, researchers used carbon dioxide as a tracer gas. They have shown that façade ventilation devices are an effective way to improve IAQ, but require further analysis due to the sensitivity of façade ventilation devices to the effects of wind and outdoor temperature. In addition, legal regulations in some countries require verification in order to enable the use of this type of solution as a way to improve IAQ in an era characterised by the effort to transform buildings into passive houses (standard for energy efficiency in a building).
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Morsli, Souad, Harry Ramenah, Mohammed El Ganaoui, and Rachid Bennacer. "Effect of aligned and misaligned ventilation opening affecting energy demand and air quality in buildings." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 83, no. 1 (July 2018): 10901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2018180119.
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This work focuses on a horizontally ventilated cavity filled with air, heated on one side wall and cooled on the floor surface. Therefore, this study has been carried out for a convective loop induced for a fixed Rayleigh number Ra = 106 and horizontal ventilation (moderate Reynolds number Re = 100) where the injection is either in cooperating or opposing to the convective loop. The study undertaken concerns different opening position in order to analyze the energy efficiency of such ventilation and the corresponding indoor air quality. The results obtained indicate that the natural convection and the forced flow (ventilation) play an important role in the flow structure and the mixing ability, the heat exchange (cooling need) and the temperature comfort. The optimum ventilating position is a compromise in order to minimize the cooling demand, keep the mixing ability and reduce the temperature heterogeneity.
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Morrow, Lisa A. "Sick Building Syndrome and Related Workplace Disorders." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 106, no. 6 (June 1992): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210600606.
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It has been estimated that as many as 1.2 million commercial buildings have characteristics of sick building syndrome. That is, persons who work in these buildings describe a cluster of symptoms—irritation of eyes, nose, throat, and skin, respiratory ailments, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and unusual odor or taste sensations—that occur during occupation of the building but diminish when these persons leave these buildings. There have been a number of factors that have been implicated in the development of sick building syndrome. These include type of building ventilation, light intensity, tobacco smoke, wall-to-wall carpeting, crowding, work satisfaction, gender, and presence of volatile organic compounds. Sick building syndrome has many signs and symptoms of other workplace disorders (e.g., neurotoxic disorders, mass psychogenic illness), each of which manifest in rather imprecise psychological and somatic symptoms. There are, however, specific characteristics that distinguish these disorders. It is likely that the development and persistence of the sick building syndrome is not caused solely by building characteristics or simply a result of psychological variables. Rather, a synergistic relationship exists between building, environmental, and individual factors.
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Vashchyshak, I. R., and Ye R. Dotsenko. "DESIGN OF THE RECUPERATOR ON PULSATING HEAT PIPES FOR OBJECTS OF THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX." Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, no. 2(45) (December 12, 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2018-2(45)-16-23.
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The urgency of work is due to the expediency of ventilation systems development for structures and buildings with highly reliable energy-efficient recuperators. The ventilation systems of buildings and designs of air recuperators were analyzed and it wass determined that the optimum variant for a ventilation system of a private house would be a recuperator on heat pipes. The disadvantages of wick heat pipes were presented. The structure and principle of pulsating heat pipes were considered. The recuperator operation principle of pulsating heat pipes was given. A coolant was selected for the recuperator capillary vessel. The heat exchanger characteristics were calculated for pulsating heat pipes. The house ventilation system with the recuperator on the pulsating heat pipes was designed.
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Morsli, Souad, Mustapha Boussoufi, Amina Sabeur, Mohammed El Ganaoui, and Rachid Bennacer. "Small to large scale mixed turbulent convection: buildings application." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-10-2017-0392.
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Purpose The use of natural ventilation by large openings to maintain thermal comfort conditions in the premises is a concept that is perfectly integrated into the traditional architecture of countries in the Mediterranean region or in tropical climates. In a temperate climate where the architecture is not usually designed to respond to the use of natural ventilation is seasonal and is done at the initiative of the occupants by making changes in the design of their doors. The European interest in natural ventilation, as a passive building air-conditioning technology, is increasing and has been the subject of a research program commissioned by the European Community. In this work, the authors consider a part of a housing compound as a refreshing floor. This floor is maintained at a constant cold temperature, the one vertical wall at hot temperature and other surfaces are adiabatic. Various scenarios are considered for this work. Mixed convection for different boundary conditions and different configurations is carried out. In addition, an airflow is injected through a window and extracted on the opposite window. Classical conclusion and transitional value on Richardson number have been completed by the new thermal configuration with nonsymmetric thermal conditions. The complex 3D flow structure is more obvious when one of the two flows (ventilation or natural convection) dominates. However, the induced heat transfer is less sensitive to the added ventilation. In this study, the authors consider a part of a housing compound as a refreshing floor. This floor is maintained at a constant cold temperature, the one vertical wall at hot temperature and other surfaces are adiabatic. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative preliminary study of a 2D–3D flow. The authors examine the competition between the natural convective flow and the added airflow on the flow structure and indoor air quality. The numerical model shows a good agreement with that obtained by researchers analytically and experimentally. To deal with turbulence, the RNG k-ε model has been adopted in this study. Findings The transfer is more sensitive between the 2D and 3D cases for the present analyzed case. Originality/value The study of ventilation efficiency has shown the competition between the big and small structures and the induced discomfort.
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Yu, Chuan-Rui, Han-Sen Guo, Qian-Cheng Wang, and Rui-Dong Chang. "Revealing the Impacts of Passive Cooling Techniques on Building Energy Performance: A Residential Case in Hong Kong." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 4188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124188.
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Environmental concerns and growing energy costs raise the importance of sustainable development and energy conservation. The building sector accounts for a significant portion of total energy consumption. Passive cooling techniques provide a promising and cost-efficient solution to reducing the energy demand of buildings. Based on a typical residential case in Hong Kong, this study aims to analyze the integration of various passive cooling techniques on annual and hourly building energy demand with whole building simulation. The results indicate that infiltration and insulation improvement are effective in regard to energy conservation in buildings, while the effectiveness of variations in building orientation, increasing natural ventilation rate, and phase change materials (PCM) are less significant. The findings will be helpful in the passive house standard development in Hong Kong and contribute to the further optimization work to realize both energy efficiency and favorably built environments in residential buildings.
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Kharchi, Razika, and Khaled Imessad. "Hygrothermal study of dwelling submitted to passive cooling." Thermal Science 22, no. 6 Part A (2018): 2597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160214289k.
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A significant portion of energy consumed in buildings is due to energy usage by heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Free cooling is a good option for energy savings in the systems. In recent years, scientists, engineers, and architects designed successful and innovative buildings which use passive cooling techniques, such as natural ventilation. The house studied in the present work, is a pilot project undertaken jointly by the Centre for Development of Renewable Energies (CDER) and the National Centre for Studies and Research of the integrated building (CNERIB) in the framework of the MED-ENEC project (Mediterranean Energy Efficiency in Construction structure). The house under consideration has a surface area of 65 m2 and is located in the region of Algiers which characterized by a Mediterranean climate with relatively mild winters and a hot and humid summer. The aim of this work is to study the thermal comfort inside the house in summer without air conditioning systems, only ventilation is considered. The aim of this work is to study the effect of natural ventilation on both thermal and hygrometric comfort inside the house during the summer period. Numerical simulation is made using the TRNSYS software and the results obtained are in good agreement with measured values. The prototype home is designed in a way that natural ventilation allows thermal comfort which induced energy saving from air conditioning. The mean temperature measured in the interior of the house is 26?C. The relative humidity reaches about 70% in August. Thermal comfort is related to relative humidity that are the essential parameters of the feeling of comfort. Humidity is an important parameter in thermal comfort, it is why we can conclude that we have reached a relatively good hygrothermal comfort.
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Pawłowski, Krzysztof, Magdalena Nakielska, and Dariusz Buchaniec. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEMAND VALUE FOR NON-RENEWABLE PRIMARY ENERGY EP IN LOW ENERGY BUILDINGS." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego / Inżynieria Środowiska 166, no. 46 (July 3, 2017): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6040.
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In order to achieve the standard of a low energy building it is needed to define the energy characteristics of the building with t-aiming at the minimal value of primary energy demand factor EP. The analysis of a building for energy saving concerns thermal parameters of external heat partitions, central heating installation efficiency, ventilation and hot water installation as well as using renewable energy sources. In this work there is an analysis of selected factors affecting PE factor in existing and new-designed buildings and there are valuable practical conclusions formulated.
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Zhang, Yin, Xin Wang, and Eric Hu. "Optimization of night mechanical ventilation strategy in summer for cooling energy saving based on inverse problem method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 232, no. 8 (March 29, 2018): 1093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650918766691.
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Night ventilation has great energy saving potentials for public buildings in summer. However, night mechanical ventilation inevitably causes more fan energy consumptions, even though it can reduce the cooling loads for the next day and save the air conditioning energy consumption correspondingly. Thus the optimization of night mechanical ventilation strategy is highly significant for building energy efficiency. In this paper, the simplified two-plate room model is used and the optimization model of the mechanical ventilation and air conditioning system is established. To minimize the total energy consumption, the optimal night ventilation strategy is determined through inverse problem method. Taking an office room in Beijing as the illustrative example, the results show that the optimal air exchange rate for night mechanical ventilation is much higher than the traditional value (ACH = 0.5 h−1) and it highly depends on the indoor-outdoor air temperature difference and cooling load demands. Moreover, the total electricity usage amount can decline from 210 kWh to 111 kWh after optimization, reduced by about 47% in the whole summer season. It also indicates that the energy saving effect of night ventilation mainly derives from the cooling storage and load shifting of building internal walls. Compared to traditional ventilation strategy, the energy saving ratio increases with increasing thermal conductivity and specific heat of building internal walls. This work can provide guidance for practical ventilation system optimization design and operation strategy determination.
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Rowe, D. M., S. E. Wilke, and L. Guan. "Examination of Sick Leave Absences from Work in Buildings with Various Rates of Ventilation." Indoor Environment 2, no. 5-6 (September 1993): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x9300200504.
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Rowe, D. M., S. E. Wilke, and L. Guan. "Examination of Sick Leave Absences from Work in Buildings with Various Rates of Ventilation." Indoor and Built Environment 2, no. 5-6 (1993): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000463271.
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Aparicio-Fernández, Carolina, José-Luis Vivancos, Paula Cosar-Jorda, and Richard A. Buswell. "Energy Modelling and Calibration of Building Simulations: A Case Study of a Domestic Building with Natural Ventilation." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2019): 3360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173360.
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In this paper, the building energy performance modelling tools TRNSYS (TRaNsient SYstem Simulation program) and TRNFlow (TRaNsient Flow) have been used to obtain the energy demand of a domestic building that includes the air infiltration rate and the effect of natural ventilation by using window operation data. An initial model has been fitted to monitoring data from the case study, building over a period when there were no heat gains in the building in order to obtain the building infiltration air change rate. After this calibration, a constant air-change rate model was established alongside two further models developed in the calibration process. Air change rate has been explored in order to determine air infiltrations caused by natural ventilation due to windows being opened. These results were compared to estimates gained through a previously published method and were found to be in good agreement. The main conclusion from the work was that the modelling ventilation rate in naturally ventilated residential buildings using TRNSYS and TRNSFlow can improve the simulation-based energy assessment.
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Kiil, Martin, Raimo Simson, Martin Thalfeldt, and Jarek Kurnitski. "A Comparative Study on Cooling Period Thermal Comfort Assessment in Modern Open Office Landscape in Estonia." Atmosphere 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020127.
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Local thermal comfort and draught rate has been studied widely. There has been more meaningful research performed in controlled boundary condition situations than in actual work environments involving occupants. Thermal comfort conditions in office buildings in Estonia have been barely investigated in the past. In this paper, the results of thermal comfort and draught rate assessment in five office buildings in Tallinn are presented and discussed. Studied office landscapes vary in heating, ventilation and cooling system parameters, room units, and elements. All sample buildings were less than six years old, equipped with dedicated outdoor air ventilation system and room conditioning units. The on-site measurements consisted of thermal comfort and draught rate assessment with indoor climate questionnaire. The purpose of the survey is to assess the correspondence between heating, ventilation and cooling system design, and the actual situation. Results show, whether and in what extent the standard-based criteria for thermal comfort is suitable for actual usage of the occupants. Preferring one room conditioning unit type or system may not guarantee better thermal environment without draught. Although some heating, ventilation and cooling systems observed in this study should create the prerequisites for ensuring more comfort, results show that this is not the case for all buildings in this study.
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Ratajczak, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Michalak, Michał Narojczyk, and Łukasz Amanowicz. "Real Domestic Hot Water Consumption in Residential Buildings and Its Impact on Buildings’ Energy Performance—Case Study in Poland." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 5010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165010.
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A building’s energy consumption is assessed considering the energy required for heating, cooling, lighting, and domestic hot water (DHW). Methodologies used to calculate energy certificates in European Union countries consider hot water consumption rates per person or per heated (floor) area, giving wide-ranging values (35–88 dm3/person/day). Using extreme parameters, it is possible to obtain a primary energy index that meets the legal requirements, although unrealistically large proportions of domestic hot water use relative to the total energy balance of the building may marginalize the influence of other components, such as fluctuations in heating, ventilation, or lighting. In the current work, the DHW consumption of three residential buildings was measured to verify the energy consumption for hot water preparation. Investigations were conducted based on the consumption of natural gas for DHW preparation. Experimentally obtained water consumption rates were determined per m2 of a dwelling and per person living in the building. The calculated indicators (0.85 ± 0.005 dm3/m2/day and 27.4 ± 1.4 dm3/person/day) were lower than those used for energy certifications of buildings. The experimentally obtained indicators were used in further theoretical energy assessments of six residential buildings. By adopting the designated indicators, the analyzed buildings met the legally required primary energy value (<70 kWh/m2/year) when using natural gas as a heat source. Applying more realistic DHW consumption values resulted in more accurate energy certifications.
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Kravchenko, Ilia, Risto Kosonen, and Simo Kilpeläinen. "Performance Analysis of the Demand-Based Ventilation in a Nordic Apartment Building." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010176.
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In general, new Finnish apartment buildings are equipped with mechanical balanced demand-based ventilation. The airflow rate in the kitchen hood is boosted on demand to improve pollutant extraction during cooking. However, in practice, it has been found that the system does not work as desired. The focus of the paper was to present the simulation results from a case building equipped with a ventilation system that is commonly used in Finland. In the analysis, the airflow rates are calculated for the room, apartment, and air handling unit (AHU) levels for various ventilation mode scenarios. A significant imbalance of over 10% between the supply and exhaust airflows at the room and apartment levels was observed in the boosting mode. This imbalance creates a pressure difference over the building envelope, particularly in small studio apartments. The calculated pressure difference for future buildings with high airtightness were at the warning level of 40 Pa below atmospheric level. The kitchen hood exhaust system showed a 28% lower airflow rate in certain scenarios. A new solution to guarantee the designed airflow rates was proposed and assessed. The new solution consists of replacing the apartment level flow control damper and a new balancing method for the kitchen hood exhaust branch. The proposed design was able to stay within 10% of the designed airflow rates in all operation modes.
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Erhorn-Kluttig, Heike, Hans Erhorn, and Micha Illner. "Cost-efficient Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103075.
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The next level of energy performance of new buildings within the European Union will be the Nearly Zero-Energy Building (NZEB). A lot of work has been spent on pilot and demonstration buildings on this and also even higher energy performance levels throughout all EU countries. However, most of the high performance buildings realised so far result in higher investment costs when compared to the current national minimum energy performance requirements. The considerably higher investment costs are one of the main barriers to the early application of the NZEB-level in Europe. The EU H2020 project CoNZEBs works on technical solution sets that result in lower investment costs for NZEBs, bringing the costs close to those of conventional new buildings. The focus is on multi-family houses. In each of the four participating countries Germany, Denmark, Italy and Slovenia a team of researchers is analysing which sets of marketready technologies at the building envelope, the services systems for heating, domestic hot water, ventilation and cooling (where required) in combination with renewable energy systems can fulfil the NZEB requirements at lower costs than those incurred by the national mainstream NZEB application. Additional efforts are being spent on the life-cycle costs and the life-cycle analysis of the solution sets, as well as on the impact of future developments of primary energy factors, energy costs and technology efficiencies.
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Elhadary, Mohamed I., Abdullah Mossa Y. Alzahrani, Reda M. H. Aly, and Bahaa Elboshy. "A Comparative Study for Forced Ventilation Systems in Industrial Buildings to Improve the Workers’ Thermal Comfort." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 10267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810267.
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The appropriate ventilation for factory spaces with regard to volume flow rate and air velocity inside the factory is one of the most important factors in the improvement of the thermal comfort of workers and in the reduction of the percentage of pollution they are exposed to, which in turn helps to improve the work environment and increase productivity. It also could improve the performance of machines. Hence, overheating can cause various problems and malfunctions. In this study, three types of mechanical ventilation systems are compared: the wall fan extract ventilation system, the roof fan extract ventilation system, and the spot cooling system. The Ansys software has been used to conduct the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for the different cases and the ventilation effectiveness factor (VEF) has been used to compare the performances of the three systems. The ventilation factor notably relies on the temperature distribution produced through the modeling and the results show that the most optimal system that can be used for similar factory spaces is the forced ventilation system. Finally, it is also the best in terms of energy consumption, despite the increase in the initial cost of its installation.
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Ramos, Domínguez, Moreno, Delgado, Rodríguez, and Ríos. "Design of the Refurbishment of Historic Buildings with a Cost-Optimal Methodology: A Case Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153104.
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The transformation of existing buildings into Near Zero Energy Buildings or even positive energy buildings remains a major challenge. In particular, historic buildings are an important cultural heritage that, in most cases, may be rehabilitated and reused for new purposes. However, achieving higher efficiencies in those buildings presents many difficulties, since there is a need to preserve aesthetic values and minimize impact on the buildings’ initial construction. In this work, a roadmap that allows rehabilitating a building from the eighteenth century is developed, turning it into a landmark building, to be used as a museum in the near future. The procedure is based on 3D models using REVIT software and detailed energy simulations supported by a cost-optimal methodology. The results reveal how conventional methodologies shown in the literature may improve the energy performance of the buildings during the heating regime, but performance may deteriorate during the cooling season. For that reason, the present study includes the design of a night ventilation system which allows not only solving this problem but also to reducing the cooling demands by more than 43% with little additional costs. In conclusion, historic buildings (which traditionally have a high thermal mass) have increased thermal storage potential by using the structures of the buildings themselves as well as passive cooling techniques.
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Chen, Tingsen, Zhuangbo Feng, and Shi-Jie Cao. "The effect of vent inlet aspect ratio and its location on ventilation efficiency." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19865930.
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The total energy consumption of buildings in China has been increasing year by year, ventilation energy consumption accounts for more than 20% of the total building energy consumption. The optimisation of ventilation system design aiming at energy conservation is of great significance while keeping healthy indoor air quality. However, the current codes and standards are still lacking specification requirements for vents design, e.g. inlet size ratio or position, which can greatly impact on indoor airflow and ventilation efficiency. In this work, we investigated the aspect ratios of vent inlets and their locations on indoor air quality. Both experimental and numerical simulation methods were adopted. Ventilation efficiency is represented with the local average peak concentration 〈C ̅*〉A,max. Results showed that when vent inlet is in symmetric conditions (i.e. located in the middle of the sidewall) and the aspect ratio between the length and width of the vent inlet equals to 4, ventilation removal efficiency showed the best performance. These findings are of great importance to the engineering applicability and able to provide reference for future design standards.
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PURING, Svetlana M., Denis N. VATUZOV, and Gennady I. TITOV. "OPTIMIZING THE CHOICE OF VENTILATING AIR CLEANING EQUIPMENT IN SYSTEMS OF LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.03.4.
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Functioning of industrial buildings is impossible without correctly organized ventilation system. Its work both regulates heat moist mode and the required indoor air purity that is cleaned with the help of air cleaning equipment. To make decision to construct the required air cleaning equipment at the enterprise it is worthwhile to give additional parameters and to solve a problem of multicriteria optimization to get the best results. The choice of the best variant is supposed to be carried out using Harrington’s desirability function. The conducted multicriteria analysis allowed to reveal optimum characteristics of air cleaning equipment, based on the required purifi cation air degree, the geometrical sizes of the equipment and aerodynamic resistance while introducing any particular device.
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Pawłowski, Krzysztof, and Magdalena Nakielska. "Factors shaping buildings of low energy consumption." Budownictwo i Architektura 19, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 015–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.565.
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The Directive 2010/31/EU introduces a new building standard (NZEB) in all member states of the European Union from 1.01.2021. In Poland, a low-energy building has been defined. The design, construction and use of such building is a complex process and requires knowledge of many aspects concerning building materials, general construction, building physics, installations, renewable energy systems and architectural design. Implementation of the current technical requirements in this area encompasses examining many parameters of an entire building but also of its external walls and joints. Defining them according to the applicable legal regulations and relevant standards evokes many questions and uncertainties regarding calculation procedures and interpretation of physical aspects. On the basis of conducted calculations and analyses, the authors have started a discussion on calculation methods in this field, proposing changes in legal regulations and calculation procedures.
The paper describes selected factors influencing low-energy buildings: physical parameters of building envelope elements, support of modern ventilation systems, energy performance parameters. The calculation part of the work concerns the analysis of physical parameters of the elements of low-energy building envelope and energy performance parameters of a buildings with consideration of energy saving and thermal insulation criteria. Formation of material systems of external walls and building joints requires taking into account innovative insulation materials and specific parameters of the air inside and outside of a building. The use of professional software for calculations and analyses provides reliable results.
Many coherent factors such as: architecture of a building, structural and material solutions of the external walls and their joints (elements of the building envelope), type and efficiency of the ventilation, central heating and hot water systems, use of renewable energy sources, integral management of the building in the field of energy production help to obtain optimal parameters of energy performance of the building and reduce emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere.
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Li, Junjie, Shuai Lu, Wanlin Wang, Jie Huang, Xinxing Chen, and Jiayi Wang. "Design and Climate-Responsiveness Performance Evaluation of an Integrated Envelope for Modular Prefabricated Buildings." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (August 7, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8082368.
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Modular prefabricated buildings effectively improve the efficiency and quality of building design and construction and represent an important trend in the development of building industrialization. However, there are still many deficiencies in the design and technology of existing systems, especially in terms of the integration of architectural performance defects that cannot respond to occupants’ comfort, flexibility, and energy-saving requirements throughout the building’s life cycle. This research takes modular prefabricated steel structural systems as its research object and sets the detailed design of an integrated modular envelope system as the core content. First, the researcher chose two types of thermal insulation materials, high insulation panels and aerogel blankets, in order to study the construction details of integrated building envelopes for modular prefabricated buildings. Focusing on the weakest heat point, the thermal bridge at the modular connection point, this work used construction design and research to build an experimental building and full-scale model; the goal was to explore and verify the feasibility of the climate-responsive construction technique called “reverse install.” Second, as a response to climate change, building facades were dynamically adjusted by employing different modular building envelope units such as sunshades, preheaters, ventilation, air filtration, pest control, and other functional requirements in order to improve the building’s climate adaptability. Finally, based on the above structural design and research, this study verified the actual measurements and simulation, as well as the sustainability performance of the structure during the operational phase, and provided feedback on the design. The results highlight the environmental performance of each construction detail and optimized possibilities for an integrated envelope design for modular prefabricated buildings during both the design and renovation phases.
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Tronchin, Lamberto, Kristian Fabbri, and Chiara Bertolli. "Controlled Mechanical Ventilation in Buildings: A Comparison between Energy Use and Primary Energy among Twenty Different Devices." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082123.
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Indoor air quality (IAQ) of buildings is a problem that affects both comfort for occupants and the energy consumption of the structure. Controlled mechanical ventilation systems (CMVs) make it possible to control the air exchange rate. When using CMV systems, it is interesting to investigate the relationship between the useful thermal energy requirements for ventilation and the energy consumption of these systems. This paper addresses whether there is a correlation between these two parameters. The methodology used in this work involves the application of equations of technical Italian regulations UNI/TS 11300 applied to a case study. The case study is represented by a 54 m3 room, which is assumed to have three CMV systems installed (extraction, insertion, insertion and extraction) for twenty different devices available on the market. Afterwards, simulations of useful thermal energy requirements QH,ve and primary energy EP,V were performed according to the electrical power of each fan W and the ventilation flow. The results show that the two values are not linearly correlated: it is not possible to clearly associate the operating cost for CMV systems according to building requirements. The study also shows that CMV systems are particularly efficient for high-performance buildings, where there is no leakage that can be ascribed to windows infiltrations.
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Hedge, Alan. "Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Work-Related Illness in Offices." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 13 (October 1988): 777–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118188786762270.
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A questionnaire survey of demographic, environmental, psychological, and occupational influences on health was conducted in 6 office buildings in the UK. A total of 486 completed questionnaires were analyzed (85% response rate). The results showed that the prevalence of symptoms was not associated with job satisfaction, and the previously reported sex difference in symptom prevalence was not confirmed although this approached significance. The results suggest that work-related illness is strongly associated with self-reported job stress and negative perceptions of the office environment i.e. dissatisfaction with temperature, ventilation, lighting, and noise.
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Mattera, Claudio, Joseba Quevedo, Teresa Escobet, Hamid Shaker, and Muhyiddine Jradi. "A Method for Fault Detection and Diagnostics in Ventilation Units Using Virtual Sensors." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 3931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113931.
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Buildings represent a significant portion of global energy consumption. Ventilation units are complex components, often customized for the specific building, responsible for a large part of energy consumption. Their faults impact buildings’ energy efficiency and occupancy comfort. In order to ensure their correct operation, proper fault detection and diagnostics methods must be applied. Hardware redundancy, an effective approach to detect faults, leads to increased costs and space requirements. We propose exploiting physical relations inside ventilation units to create virtual sensors from other sensors’ readings, introducing redundancy in the system. We use two different measures to detect when a virtual sensor deviates from the physical one: coefficient of determination for linear models, and acceptable range. We tested our method on a real building at the University of Southern Denmark, developing three virtual sensors: temperature, airflow, and fan speed. We employed linear regression models, statistical models, and non-linear regression models. All models detected an anomalous strong oscillation in the temperature sensors. Readings fell outside the acceptable range and the coefficient of determination dropped. Our method showed promising results by introducing redundancy in the system, which can benefit several applications, such as fault detection and diagnostics and fault-tolerant control. Future work will be necessary to discover thresholds and set up automatic fault detection and diagnostics.
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Best, Rick, and Brian Purdey. "Assessing occupant comfort in an iconic sustainable education building." Construction Economics and Building 12, no. 3 (September 11, 2012): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v12i3.2537.
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The building that houses the Mirvac School of Sustainable Development at Bond University is the first educational building to achieve a six Green Star rating from the Green Building Council of Australia. It has won numerous awards since opening in August 2008 including being judged the RICS (Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors) Sustainable Building of 2009. After more than two years in use a post-occupancy evaluation study was carried out to assess the performance of the building from the viewpoint of the users; both resident staff and transient students. Results for factors such as lighting, thermal comfort, noise and air quality. were compared to benchmarks established by the Usable Buildings Trust. The evaluation also assessed the occupants’ perceptions of the building’s impact on their own productivity. Users generally find the building provides a comfortable work environment although a number of areas of performance were noted as posing some concerns. These included intrusive noise in some parts of the building and some issues with glare in daylit teaching spaces. Such concerns were found to be in accord with the results of previous studies and they highlight some recurrent problems in “green” buildings designed to maximise the use of natural ventilation and natural light. These design challenges and how occupant satisfaction is to be measured and benchmarked are also discussed in the context of this comparative building study.
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Conceição, Eusébio, João Gomes, Maria Manuela Lúcio, Maria Inês Conceição, and Hazim Awbi. "Comparative Study of a Clean Technology Based on DSF Use in Occupied Buildings for Improving Comfort in Winter." Clean Technologies 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 311–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3020018.
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This paper presents a comparative study of a clean technology based on a DSF (double skin facade) used in winter conditions in the occupied buildings comfort improvement, namely the thermal comfort and air quality. The performance of a solar DSF system, the building’s thermal response, the internal thermal comfort and the internal air quality are evaluated. In this study, a DSF system, an air transport system and a HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) system based on mixing ventilation are used. The study considers a virtual chamber occupied by eight persons and equipped, in the outside environment, by three DSFs. A new horary pre-programming control methodology is developed and applied when the airflow rate is constant and the number of DSFs to operate is variable, when the airflow rate is variable and the number of DSFs to operate is constant and when the airflow rate is variable and the number of DSFs to operate is variable. This work uses a numerical model that simulates the integral building thermal behavior and an integral human thermal response. The internal air, provided by a mixing ventilating system, is warmed using the DSF system. The air temperature inside the DSF system and the virtual chamber, the thermal comfort level using the PMV index, the internal air quality using the carbon dioxide concentration and the uncomfortable hours are calculated for winter conditions. The results obtained show that the energy produced in the DSF, using solar radiation, guarantees acceptable thermal comfort conditions in the morning and in the afternoon. The indoor air quality obtained at the breathing level is acceptable. It is found that the airflow rate to be used is more decisive than the DSF operating methodology. However, when a solution is chosen that combines a ventilation rate with the number of DSF to operate, both variables throughout the day can obtain simultaneously better results for indoor air quality and thermal comfort according to the standards.
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Peng, Xiao Yong, Xin Zhang, Xu Sheng Chai, Shuai Huang, and Lan Xia Guo. "Research of Poison Gas Diffusion and Emergent Ventilation in Large Space Buildings with Obstacles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 419 (October 2013): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.419.808.
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Using the numerical simulation method analyze the free diffusion process of poison gas (chlorine) and the effect that control - exhaust type emergency ventilation system on gas diffusion and transport in large space buildings. Results show that internal obstacles in large space buildings have a direct impact to the Chlorine free diffusion, the concentration of the upper area near the obstacles and the following regions lower than them which face the poison gas source is obviously higher than the back area, the control-exhaust type emergent ventilation can overcome the restrictions of obstructions well, control chlorine gas diffusion and transport process effectively, the ground slot jet not only limits the diffusion of chlorine source term area to other areas, but also discharges chlorine gas of control-exhaust type emergent ventilation which spreads to other areas before the work, reduces chlorine gas concentration of human activity height range area.
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Moskvitina, A., M. Shyshyna, and M. Korchminskyi. "Feasibility study for the use of variable air volume systems for office buildings." Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply 36 (February 8, 2021): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2021.36.62-79.
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The main factor contributing to greenhouse gas emissions is the building up of the surrounding area. Studies have shown that buildings globally consume 30-40 % of energy use and release 40-50 % of global carbon dioxide emissions. Among all systems in houses, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are by far the most energy intensive. They consume approximately 50 % of the total energy demand of buildings. However, the systems are some of the most important systems in today's buildings. The number of these systems that are being installed has increased dramatically over the past few years. This is mainly due to the increasing demands for thermal energy, comfort and climate change. This paper presents a feasibility and ecology study between two ventilation or air-conditioning systems: constant air volume (CAV) and variable air volume (VAV). One of the purposes of this work is to determine the energy costs for each of the systems. An air conditioning system that saves operating costs usually requires a large initial investment. In this case, engineers must decide whether it is worth paying the additional upfront costs for a system that has lower operating costs. Despite the low attractiveness from the point of view of the investor, the VAV systems reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and the amount of energy resources for servicing the commercial sector. Such system have less metal consumption. Thus, the cost of metal processing is also reduced. The results of this study can contribute to the future selection of ventilation systems, as well as contribute to the design and improvement of the systems under study. Energy saving is one of the main reasons why VAV systems are very popular today for the design of ventilation and air conditioning systems for office buildings and in many industries abroad. With these systems, the volume of transported air is reduced as soon as the operating load falls below the maximum projected load. The calculation of emissions of harmful substances into the environment was made while ensuring the operation of CAV and VAV systems.
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Zender-Świercz, Ewa. "Microclimate in Rooms Equipped with Decentralized Façade Ventilation Device." Atmosphere 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080800.
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Many building are characterized by insufficient air exchange, which may result in the symptoms of sick building syndrome (SBS). A large number of existing buildings are equipped with natural ventilation, whose work is disturbed by activities going to energy-saving. The thermomodernization activities are about mounting new sealed windows and laying thermal isolation, which reduces the amount of infiltrating/exfiltrating air. In many cases, the mechanical ventilation cannot be used due to a lack of a place in building or architectural and construction requirements. One of the solutions to improve the indoor microclimate is the decentralized façade ventilation. In the article, the internal air parameters in an office room equipped with decentralized façade ventilation device were analyzed. The room was equipped with a decentralized façade unit, which cyclically supplied and removed air from the room. The time of the supply/exhaust was changed to 2 min, 4 min, and 10 min. The temperature and the humidity of the indoor air and the outdoor air and the concentration of carbon dioxide inside the room were measured. The analysis showed that despite the lack of a heater in the device, the air temperature in the workplace and in the central point of the room was in the range of 20–22 °C. The air humidity was in the range of 27–43%.
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Jacob, Jen, and Rohan Senanayake. "Optimization Approach of Ventilation Systems in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning for an Underground Building’s Transport." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 18, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 1294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2021.9395.
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This investigated research work and the final decisions were arrived from the specific dynamical analysis of three different new and innovate underground interchange buildings planned and executing currently at Doha and Al khor situated at Qatar is presented. A supplementary study was carried out for an identical two-tier swapping building technique and the approach and outcome have been reported in this research article. The examination of dissimilar ventilation and air-conditioning stratagems has been done initially. The prime objective is to find the efficient and effectual design to invent and so as to uphold to get an attention of pollutant contaminant and thermal temperatures under the modelled and designed values, by investing very low cost even in the operating level. The systematic CFD modelling of dissimilar stratagems was done and the numerical and simulated results are shown in this work. The same has again merged with a dynamical Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coding to reach the optimum result. This was done with the coordination with buses circulation and with the sources of heat and disbursed pollution. The concluding optimal result succeeded is grounded on a substantial partitioning which is connecting between the island area and berth locale. The efficacy of the multifarious design strategies and probable predictions are presented in the conclusions. In order to manage a fire crisis situation, it is primary to check about the planning of the fire and flames struggling measures which comprises of automatic freshening like ventilation along with arrangements of curtains, and explain the smoke sectors which would be able to manage with a fire crisis condition. The main results accessible are temperature fields, concentration of smoke and visibility.
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Guimarães, A. S., João M. P. Q. Delgado, and V. P. de Freitas. "Degradation Control of Walls with Rising Damp Problems." Defect and Diffusion Forum 334-335 (February 2013): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.334-335.31.
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Degradation in walls of Historical Building with rising damp is a complex problem to solve, due to the thickness and heterogeneity of those walls. The traditionally treatment techniques used (such as watertight barriers, injection of hydrofuge products, etc.) show, sometimes, to be ineffective or too expensive, justifying the need to find a new approach. Experimental studies validate the effectiveness of a new treatment technique applied to the walls of old buildings wall base ventilation system. Building Physics Laboratory (LFC) is developing a model of this technique. The sizing of the treatment system is based on knowledge of the characteristics of the wall, of the geometry of the ventilation system and of the building being dealt with. In this work it is described the moisture transfer process between the moving air flux, inside the system, and the wall. Experimental results were used to validate the mathematical solution and the values obtained are very similar.
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Seppanen, O., W. J. Fisk, and Q. H. Lei. "Ventilation and performance in office work." Indoor Air 16, no. 1 (February 2006): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00394.x.
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Kirichenko, Maxim Olegovich, and Vladislav Alekseevich Komarov. "Study of the influence of the design features of a modular hospital building on the observance of the temperature regime necessary for the comfortable accommodation of patients and the work of medical personnel." Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2102-07.
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The article discusses the features of the influence of the design features of the modular hospital building on the observance of the temperature regime necessary for the comfortable work of medical personnel and the placement of patients. The author concludes that Modular Design can provide an energy efficient and convenient solution to the urgent need for additional hospital beds. However, evidence from this study suggests that better ventilation systems are needed if such buildings are to provide a safe and comfortable summer environment for patients and medical staff.
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Toub, Mohamed, Chethan R. Reddy, Rush D. Robinett, and Mahdi Shahbakhti. "Integration and Optimal Control of MicroCSP with Building HVAC Systems: Review and Future Directions." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030730.
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Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are omnipresent in modern buildings and are responsible for a considerable share of consumed energy and the electricity bill in buildings. On the other hand, solar energy is abundant and could be used to support the building HVAC system through cogeneration of electricity and heat. Micro-scale concentrated solar power (MicroCSP) is a propitious solution for such applications that can be integrated into the building HVAC system to optimally provide both electricity and heat, on-demand via application of optimal control techniques. The use of thermal energy storage (TES) in MicroCSP adds dispatching capabilities to the MicroCSP energy production that will assist in optimal energy management in buildings. This work presents a review of the existing contributions on the combination of MicroCSP and HVAC systems in buildings and how it compares to other thermal-assisted HVAC applications. Different topologies and architectures for the integration of MicroCSP and building HVAC systems are proposed, and the components of standard MicroCSP systems with their control-oriented models are explained. Furthermore, this paper details the different control strategies to optimally manage the energy flow, both electrical and thermal, from the solar field to the building HVAC system to minimize energy consumption and/or operational cost.
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Zhang, Ying, Thomas Olofsson, Gireesh Nair, Chenbo Zhao, Bin Yang, and Angui Li. "Cold windows induced airflow effects on the thermal environment for a large single-zone building." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017206003.
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With access to modern building technologies and HVAC-systems, it is possible to obtain low energy use and good thermal comfort for complex design, such as large building volumes. However, the situation is different for large single zone buildings with large volumes. They often have insufficient thermal comfort. The problem could be partially attributed to the unwanted airflows due to the cold surfaces, especially the windows. With increased knowledge of the airflow, it is possible to identify suitable renovation strategies in such buildings. In this work, we study a church building with mechanical air change system and floor heating. CFD-simulations with dynamic airflow was conducted based on building geometries and technical data. The validation was based on data from the ventilation control and the space-heating system. The results show how the window-to-wall ratios and the positions of windows affect the thermal comfort. It contributes with knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of different envelope design in the existing environment with floor heating.
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Rymarov, Andrey, Natalia Parfenteva, Kęstutis Valančius, Sabina Paulauskaitė, and Violeta Misevičiūtė. "GASEOUS AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF WINTER GARDEN USED FOR AIR REGENERATION THROUGHOUT OFFICE BUILDINGS." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 26, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2018.5381.
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Ecological problems are inherent in the issue of air quality in the buildings. The main goal thus becomes the creation of indoor clime, where concentration of the detrimental impurities, such as carbon dioxide, would not exceed established norms. Thus, it is proposed to develop an alternative system of ventilation, which would ensure necessary indoor climate without outside air use. In order to decrease the levels of it inside the buildings, it is suggested to use a winter garden with much greenery, so that the air would be regenerated since the carbon dioxide would be absorbed and oxygen would be evolved. The current work reveals the study results of thermal, air and gas conditions in a winter garden upon the office building. The proposed methodology based on the ANSYS-CFX software, ensures a successful calculation of heating and aerial regimes within buildings that might differ in accordance with various engineering practices.
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Davidsson, Paul, Ulrik Eklund, and Carl Olsson. "Elis: An Open Platform for Mobile Energy Efficiency Services in Buildings." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 7, 2019): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030858.
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The recent years have witnessed an enormous growth of mobile services for energy management in buildings. However, these solutions are often proprietary, non-interoperable, and handle only a limited function, such as lighting, ventilation, or heating. To address these issues, we have developed an open platform that is an integrated energy management solution for buildings. It includes an ecosystem of mobile services and open APIs as well as protocols for the development of new services and products. Moreover, it has an adapter layer that enables the platform to interoperate with any building management system (BMS) or individual device. Thus, the platform makes it possible for third-party developers to produce mobile energy efficiency applications that will work independently of which BMS and devices are used in the building. To validate the platform, a number of services have been implemented and evaluated in existing buildings. This has been done in cooperation with energy companies and property owners, together with the residents and other users of the buildings. The platform, which we call Elis, has been made available as open source software under an MIT license.
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Ahmad Gondal, Irfan. "Design and experimental analysis of a solar thermoelectric heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system as an integral element of a building envelope." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418814067.
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This study presents an innovative concept of a compact integrated solar-thermoelectric module that can form part of the building envelope. The heating/cooling modes use the photovoltaic electrical current to power the heat pump. The experimental analysis was carried out and the results of coefficient of performance were in the range 0.5–1 and 2.6–5 for cooling and heating functions, respectively. The study demonstrates that thermoelectric cooler can effectively be used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning applications by integrating with solar panels especially in cooling applications. The system is environmentally friendly and can contribute in the implementation of zero energy buildings concept. Practical application: In order to help address the challenge of climate change and associated environmental effects, there is continuous demand for new technologies and applications that can be readily integrated into day-to-day life as a means of reducing anthropogenic impact. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, as one of the largest energy consumers in buildings, is the focus of many researchers seeking to reduce building energy use and environmental impact. This article proposes using facades and windows that have an integrated modules of solar photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric devices that are able to work together to achieve heating and cooling effects as required by the building without requiring any external operational power.
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Tkachenko, Tetiana, Viktor Mileikovskyi, and Adam Ujma. "Field Study of Air Quality Improvement by a “Green Roof” in Kyiv." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0054.
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AbstractCurrently, a very big problem of cities in Europe and the world is air pollution with combustion products of car fuels, generation of heat and electricity. These impurities affect the microclimate of cities significantly. Pollution not only affects the area outside buildings, but getting into their interior through ventilation systems, which has an adverse effect on the indoor environment of buildings. High concentrations of CO2, cause a weakening of concentration in working people, which affects the deterioration of safety and work efficiency. For assessing air quality improvement on “green roofs”, a field study of CO2 content has been carried out on the “green roof” of a four-storey building, on a completely identical non-greened building, and on a highway with high-density traffic near them in Kiev. It was found that greening the roof significantly reduces the CO2 content from 501 ppm on the road and 452 ppm on the roof without protection to 410-415 ppm. It improves the conditions in which people work and rest.
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Zender-Swiercz, Ewa, and Marek Telejko. "Impact of Insulation Building on the Work of Ventilation." Procedia Engineering 161 (2016): 1731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.766.
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Krivoshein, M. A. "FORECASTING THE WORK OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS OF RESIDENTIAL MULTI-APARTMENT BUILDINGS WITH DECENTRALIZED MECHANICAL AIR DELIVERY." Vestnik SibADI 56, no. 4-5(56-57) (January 1, 2017): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2017-4-5(56-57)-116-126.
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Hu, Yue, Per Kvols Heiselberg, and Tine Steen Larsen. "Demand Control Strategies of a PCM Enhanced Ventilation System for Residential Buildings." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 4336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124336.
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A ventilated window system enhanced by phase change material (PCM) has been developed, and its energy-saving potential examined in previous works. In this paper, the ventilation control strategies are further developed, to improve the energy-saving potential of the PCM energy storage. The influence of ventilation airflow rate on the energy-saving potential of the PCM storage is firstly studied based on an EnergyPlus model of a sustainable low energy house located in New York. It shows that in summer, the optimized ventilation airflow rate is 300 m3/h. The energy-saving of utilizing a ventilated window with PCM energy storage is 10.1% compared to using a stand-alone ventilated window, and 12.0% compared to using a standard window. In winter, the optimized ventilation airflow rate is 102 m3/h. The energy-saving of utilizing a ventilated window with PCM energy storage is 26.6% compared to using a stand-alone ventilated window, and 32.8% compared to using a standard window. Based on the optimized ventilation airflow rate, a demand control ventilation strategy, which personalizes the air supply and heat pump setting based on the demand of each room, is proposed and its energy-saving potential examined. The results show that the energy savings of using demand control compared to a constant ventilation airflow rate in the house is 14.7% in summer and 30.4% in winter.
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Bouabdallaoui, Yassine, Zoubeir Lafhaj, Pascal Yim, Laure Ducoulombier, and Belkacem Bennadji. "Predictive Maintenance in Building Facilities: A Machine Learning-Based Approach." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041044.
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The operation and maintenance of buildings has seen several advances in recent years. Multiple information and communication technology (ICT) solutions have been introduced to better manage building maintenance. However, maintenance practices in buildings remain less efficient and lead to significant energy waste. In this paper, a predictive maintenance framework based on machine learning techniques is proposed. This framework aims to provide guidelines to implement predictive maintenance for building installations. The framework is organised into five steps: data collection, data processing, model development, fault notification and model improvement. A sport facility was selected as a case study in this work to demonstrate the framework. Data were collected from different heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) installations using Internet of Things (IoT) devices and a building automation system (BAS). Then, a deep learning model was used to predict failures. The case study showed the potential of this framework to predict failures. However, multiple obstacles and barriers were observed related to data availability and feedback collection. The overall results of this paper can help to provide guidelines for scientists and practitioners to implement predictive maintenance approaches in buildings.