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Journal articles on the topic 'Ventilation – Noise'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ávila Ferreira, Vinícius. "Soundproof Window - Natural Ventilation." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2361.

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Expansion of brasilians cities worsen noise pollution in these places, forcing people to maintain their doors and windows closed. Domestic environment enclosing lead to necessity of air conditioning system, however the frequent use of the equipment may cause many health problems, such as respiratory difficulties and spread of diseases , not to mention high costs with energy. Considering these facts, there is the need of soundproofing windows with air supply , that allows passage of air without noise passage, guarantee a well-ventilated environment, with thermic and acoustic comfort without the use of acclimatisation systems . we have developed two prototypes with significant opening that allows air supply (passage) (0,35m2) and noise reduction (Rw+Ctr) reaching 8 to 10 dB. In the first study, we considered people inhabiting really noisy surrounding areas, who has already installed a regular window. In this particular case, we developed a soundproofing window air supply that can be installed over the existing one. A second study considered new constructions to focus the environment where the person sleeps and then elaborate a soundproofing window air supply for bedrooms.

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2

Allardet-Servent, Jérôme. "Adding noise to mechanical ventilation." Critical Care Medicine 40, no. 9 (September 2012): 2725–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e31825bc827.

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3

Harvie-Clark, Jack, Anthony Chilton, Nick Conlan, and David Trew. "Assessing noise with provisions for ventilation and overheating in dwellings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418824232.

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In the design of residential developments, it has been common practice for façade sound insulation (to protect against outdoor noise) to be considered separately from the provisions for ventilation and for mitigating overheating. This fragmented approach has led to different designers making different, incompatible assumptions about the internal environmental quality conditions: the acoustic designer assumes that windows are closed to control external noise ingress, while the mechanical designer assumes that windows are open for ventilation or mitigating overheating. This leaves occupants with a choice between reasonable noise levels or thermal comfort, but not both. This problem is exacerbated by increased overheating risk in modern buildings and future climate scenarios. In response to this issue, the Association of Noise Consultants has produced the draft Acoustics Ventilation and Overheating Residential Design Guide – the ‘AVO Guide’. The AVO guide recommends an approach to acoustic assessment that takes regard of the interdependence of provisions for external noise ingress, ventilation and overheating. This paper describes the context, background and content of the AVO Guide. There are references to passive attenuated options for ventilative cooling to help designers avoid simply specifying mechanical cooling. Practical application: This paper is entirely focused on the practical application of the guidance in the Association of Noise Consultants’ Acoustics, Ventilation and Overheating Residential Design Guide. It describes the current practical problem that designers face, and the mistakes that are the common practice across the industry, of failing to integrate the design for noise with the ventilation strategy and provisions for overheating. It outlines how this can be achieved to enable better internal environmental quality conditions for occupants, supported by the current English Planning regime and professional good practice guidance available.

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4

Landström, Ulf, Anders Kjellberg, Lena Söderberg, and Bertil Nordström. "The Effects of Broadband, Tonal and Masked Ventilation Noise on Performance, Wakefulness and Annoyance." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 10, no. 4 (December 1991): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239101000402.

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A laboratory study was designed in order to investigate the effects of ventilation noise on performance, fatigue and annoyance. The study was also designed in order to compare the effects of broadband noise 40 dB(A), tonal noise, 40 dB(A), and tonal noise masked by means of low frequency pink noise, 41 dB(A). The study of performance was based on a figure identification test. The annoyance and fatigue were tested by means of rating scales. The analyses of fatigue also included EEG-recordings. The acceptability of the different types of ventilation noise was also analysed through matching tests. The differences in performance between broadband and tonal ventilation noise were significant and did not show any unambiguous tendency. An insignificant tendency of worse performance during broadband exposure and that the tonal ventilation noise should be more tiring could be observed. The tonal exposure was described as less annoying during work. On the other hand, in the matching tests, the subjects tolerated an insignificantly lower level of the tonal ventilation noise compared to the broadband noise. Comparisons between the tonal ventilation noise and the tonal ventilation noise masked by means of a pink noise, showed that the masked ventilation noise was correlated to ambiguous tendencies towards higher performance, lower fatigue but higher annoyance. In the matching tests, the subjects tolerated a lower level of masked ventilation noise compared to the unmasked ventilation noise. Except for the ratings of fatigue, all differences were below the level of significance p 0.05.

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Zaman, Taylan, Abdusselam Celebi, Bengusu Mirasoglu, and Akin Savas Toklu. "The evaluation of in-chamber sound levels during hyperbaric oxygen applications: Results of 41 centres." Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 50, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.28920/dhm50.3.244-249.

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Introduction: Noise has physical and psychological effects on humans. Recommended exposure limits are exceeded in many hospital settings; however, information about sound levels in hyperbaric oxygen treatment chambers is lacking. This study measured in-chamber sound levels during treatments in Turkish hyperbaric centres. Methods: Sound levels were measured using a sound level meter (decibel meter). All chambers were multiplace with similar dimensions and shapes. Eight measurements were performed in each of 41 chambers; three during compression, three during decompression, and two at treatment pressure, one during chamber ventilation (flushing) and one without ventilation. At each measurement a sound sample was collected for 25 seconds and A-weighted equivalent (LAeq) and C-weighted peak (LCpeak) levels were obtained. Recorded values were evaluated in relation to sound level limits in regulations. Results: The highest sound level measured in the study was 100.4 dB(A) at treatment pressure while ventilation was underway and the lowest was 40.5 dB(A) at treatment pressure without ventilation. Most centres had sound levels between 70 dB and 85 dB throughout the treatment. Ventilation caused significant augmentation of noise. Conclusions: The chambers were generally safe in terms of noise exposure. Nevertheless, hyperbaric chambers can be very noisy environments so could pose a risk for noise-related health problems. Therefore, they should be equipped with appropriate noise control systems. Silencers are effective in reducing noise in chambers. Thus far, hyperbaric noise research has focused on chambers used for commercial diving. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate noise in hospital-based chambers during medical treatments.

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6

Hodgson, Murray. "Acoustical Evaluation of Six ‘Green’ Office Buildings." Journal of Green Building 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.3.4.108.

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To explain the reactions of the building occupants to their acoustical environments, meetings with the designers, walk-through surveys, and detailed acoustical measurements were done. The objective was to determine how design decisions affect office acoustical environments, and how to improve the acoustical design of ‘green’ office buildings. Design-performance criteria were established. Measurements were made of noise level, reverberation time, speech-intelligibility index (SII), and noise isolation. Noise levels were atypically low in unoccupied buildings with no mechanical ventilation, but excessive in areas near external walls next to noisy external noise sources—especially with windows open for ventilation—and in occupied buildings. Reverberation times were excessive in areas with large volumes and insufficient sound absorption. Speech intelligibility was generally adequate, but speech privacy was inadequate in shared and open-office areas, and into private offices with the doors open for ventilation. Improvement of the acoustical design of ‘green’ buildings must include increasing the external-internal noise isolation and that between workplaces, and the use of adequate sound absorption to control reverberation and noise.

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7

Xu, Rui, and Ting Fang Yu. "The Renovation of Noise Reduction and Ventilation for Indoor Substations." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.738.

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The noise reduction and ventilation cooling is contradictory each other for urban indoor substation. Our efforts were focused on the problems of the excessive noise and poor ventilation of indoor substation in this paper, the existing shortages of the primary ventilation cooling program and the noise source characteristics of the indoor substation were analyzed, and the renovation of noise reduction and ventilation cooling was proposed. The measurement data of before and after renovation demonstrated that this renovation on noise reduction and ventilation cooling has a visible effect in meeting the national standard for noise level of the substation surrounding as well as in improving the cooling effect significantly.

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8

Holmberg, Kjell, Ulf Landstrom, and Anders Kjellberg. "Effects of Ventilation Noise Due to Frequency Characteristic and Sound Level." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 12, no. 4 (December 1993): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239301200401.

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In two studies twelve subjects were exposed to different types of ventilation noise in a simulated office. In Study 1, a ventilation noise with a gradually falling frequency/level spectral character, was considered as more annoying than a ventilation noise with a band of raised levels around 43 Hz and in particular a tone at 43 Hz. The differences in acceptable comfort levels were aproximately 7 dB when comparing the tonal and gradually falling frequency/level ventilation noise. The frequency character thus has to be considered when evaluating the annoyance due to ventilation noise. The result from Study 2 gives support to the suggested lowering of the highest acceptable level of ventilation noise from 40 to 35 dB(A) and that the level should be reduced even more in environments designed for intellectual work.

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9

Xu, Nan, and Chi Zhang. "The Theoretical Study of Noise Control Engineering Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2034.

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Mine ventilation system is serious pollution to the surrounding environment. Due to the air flow rate, high speed, strong noise radiation. In addition to the scientific and reasonable design for muffler, ventilation resistance loss calculation is one of the key successful factors of project design, in order to eliminate the noise pollution of mine ventilation system.In recent years,people's awareness level of the harm of noise rises ceaselessly, the environmental protection departments also gradually enlarges the management and punishment to noise pollution.The noise control of coal mine ventilation system with strong radiation and harm has become a pressing matter of the moment. Because the theory calculation of noise control design is fuzzy, Some environmental protection company implement noise control by virtue of experience or imitation of other engineering, leading to a series of problems, such as noise control can not reach the design standard, large ventilation resistance, energy consumption increased, regeneration noise exceed the standard, system vibration. Based on the systematic study for engineering design, i summed up the theory calculation rule for the coal mine ventilation system noise control, as reference to technical personnel.

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10

Gaab, Oliver, and Delf Sachau. "Active noise reduction in ventilation ducts." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 4 (October 2010): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3508464.

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11

Huang, Huahua, Xiaojun Qiu, and Jian Kang. "Active noise attenuation in ventilation windows." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 1 (July 2011): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3596457.

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12

Portela, Filipe, Manuel Filipe Santos, António Abelha, José Machado, and Fernando Rua. "Data Quality and Critical Events in Ventilation." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 6, no. 2 (April 2017): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2017040104.

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The data quality assessment is a critical task in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). In the ICUs the patients are continuously monitored and the values are collected in real-time through data streaming processes. In the case of ventilation, the ventilator is monitoring the patient respiratory system and then a gateway receives the monitored values. This process can collect any values, noise values or values that can have clinical significance, for example, when a patient is having a critical event associated with the respiratory system. In this paper, the critical events concept was applied to the ventilation system, and a quality assessment of the collected data was performed when a new value arrived. Some interesting results were achieved: 56.59% of the events were critical, and 5% of the data collected were noise values. In this field, Average Ventilation Pressure and Peak flow are respectively the variables with the most influence.

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13

Bonnett, Jonathan, Carmel Cuschieri, and Joseph M. Cuschieri. "Noise Control design for a Ventilation Fan - Case Study." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3238.

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A ventilation system was design and installed for a multi story garage. The ventilation system system had a vertical concrete shaft with the ventilation fan located on the top floor at street level. The ventilation fan is separated from the outside by a set of metal louvers. Adjacent to the louvers is an open pedestrian area. The exhaust fan as installed had an inline duct silencer but this was insufficient in terms of providing the desired noise mitigation. The project desire was not to make changes to the fan or its inline silencer or the external louvers so an alternative noise mitigation option had to be explored. Based on the provided sound power characteristics of the fan, the exterior noise levels as calculated matched the expected levels coming out of the metal louvers. The interior of the ventilation shaft is bare concrete with the fan installed though a hole in the concrete top floor. The predominate noise was the very high reverberation inside the ventilation shaft. The owner of the property made an attempt at installing noise absorption but this was not sufficient. Based on the field data the sound levels with the preliminary absorption solution matched expectation, but further noise reduction was required. A complete sound absorption on the walls of the concrete ventilation shaft noise mitigation solution was design, and the expected levels predicted to show that significant noise reductions can be obtained by a comprehensive noise absorption solution. The noise mitigation solution was implemented and exterior sound level measurements performed at the completion of the project. The measured sound levels outside of the metal louvers were in very good agreement with the predicted levels. Based on the success of this first noise mitigation solution, noise mitigation for a second ventilation system is not being considered.

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14

Lee, Y. L. "Effects of body leakage on ventilation and wind noise around a sunroof." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407021529174.

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Some passenger cars with sunroofs open at tilted positions experience reverse flows into cabin rooms and wind noises much louder than in other cars. In this study, flows around an open tilted sunroof are numerically studied with varying body leakage. The effects of body leakage on ventilation and wind noise of a sunroof are examined, in particular. Furthermore, flow visualization, pressure and wind noise measured from the wind tunnel and road tests are presented. The results show that too small a body leakage results in poor ventilation performance and generates high wind noises around a sunroof. It is therefore very important to secure an adequate body leakage from the early design stage to achieve better performance of a sunroof as well as passengers' thermal comfort.

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15

MARUTA, Yoshiyuki, Hidenobu OKAMOTO, Tohru SAITOH, and Kenichi TAKEDA. "125 Control of Aerodynamic Noise from Ventilation Fan with Silencer-Box(International Session)." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2008.18 (2008): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2008.18.119.

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16

Bruintjes, Rick, Julia Purser, Kirsty A. Everley, Stephanie Mangan, Stephen D. Simpson, and Andrew N. Radford. "Rapid recovery following short-term acoustic disturbance in two fish species." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 1 (January 2016): 150686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150686.

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Noise from human activities is known to impact organisms in a variety of taxa, but most experimental studies on the behavioural effects of noise have focused on examining responses associated with the period of actual exposure. Unlike most pollutants, acoustic noise is generally short-lived, usually dissipating quickly after the source is turned off or leaves the area. In a series of experiments, we use established experimental paradigms to examine how fish behaviour and physiology are affected, both during short-term (2 min) exposure to playback of recordings of anthropogenic noise sources and in the immediate aftermath of noise exposure. We considered the anti-predator response and ventilation rate of juvenile European eels ( Anguilla anguilla ) and ventilation rate of juvenile European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). As previously found, additional-noise exposure decreased eel anti-predator responses, increased startle latency and increased ventilation rate relative to ambient-noise-exposed controls. Our results show for the first time that those effects quickly dissipated; eels showed rapid recovery of startle responses and startle latency, and rapid albeit incomplete recovery of ventilation rate in the 2 min after noise cessation. Seabass in both laboratory and open-water conditions showed an increased ventilation rate during playback of additional noise compared with ambient conditions. However, within 2 min of noise cessation, ventilation rate showed complete recovery to levels equivalent to ambient-exposed control individuals. Care should be taken in generalizing these rapid-recovery results, as individuals might have accrued other costs during noise exposure and other species might show different recovery times. Nonetheless, our results from two different fish species provide tentative cause for optimism with respect to recovery following short-duration noise exposure, and suggest that considering periods following noise exposures could be important for mitigation and management decisions.

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17

Khaleghi, Alireza, Karen Bartlett, and Murray Hodgson. "FACTORS AFFECTING VENTILATION, INDOOR-AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICAL QUALITY IN ‘GREEN’ AND NON-‘GREEN’ BUILDINGS: A PILOT STUDY." Journal of Green Building 6, no. 3 (July 2011): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.3.168.

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This paper discusses a pilot project involving the direct monitoring of ventilation, indoor-air quality and the acoustical conditions in selected nominally ‘green’ and non-‘green’ buildings located on a university campus. The objectives were to measure parameters quantifying these three aspects of indoor environmental quality, determine the relationships between them and the building-design concepts, and evaluate the implications of the results for ventilation-system design, especially in ‘green’ buildings. Measurements were made in rooms, with and without acoustical treatment, in buildings with natural ventilation or mechanical (displacement and/or mixed-flow) ventilation systems. Measurements were made of ventilation rates (air changes per hour), indoor air quality (respirable-fibre, total-VOC and ultrafine-particulate concentrations), and the acoustical conditions (noise levels and reverberation times). Correlations between the environmental results, the building concept, the ventilation concept and the building window status were explored. In rooms with natural ventilation, low-frequency noise and total sound-pressure levels were lower; however, the rooms had higher ultrafine-particulate counts and lower ventilation rates. Rooms with mechanical ventilation had higher low-frequency and total sound-pressure levels, higher ventilation rates and fibre concentrations, but lower concentrations of ultrafine particulates. It was concluded that, in general, mechanical ventilation can provide better indoor air-quality, but that HVAC noise is an issue if the system is not properly designed. In ‘green’ buildings, noise levels were acceptable when the windows were closed, but increasing the ventilation rate by opening the windows resulted in higher noise levels. The results suggest that the acceptability of environmental factors in buildings depends on the degree of compliance of the design and its implementation with standards and design guidelines (i.e. for ventilation, air quality, thermal comfort, etc.), whether the original design concept is ‘green’ or non-‘green’.

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18

Fusaro, Gioia, Xiang Yu, Zhenbo Lu, Fangsen Cui, and Jian Kang. "A Metawindow with Optimised Acoustic and Ventilation Performance." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073168.

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Crucial factors in window performance, such as natural ventilation and noise control, are generally conceived separately, forcing users to choose one over the other. To solve this dualism, this study aimed to develop an acoustic metamaterial (AMM) ergonomic window design to allow noise control without dependence on the natural ventilation duration and vice versa. First, the finite element method (FEM) was used to investigate the noise control performance of the acoustic metawindow (AMW) unit, followed by anechoic chamber testing, which also served as the validation of the FEM models. Furthermore, FEM analysis was used to optimise the acoustic performance and assess the ventilation potential. The numerical and experimental results exhibited an overall mean sound reduction of 15 dB within a bandwidth of 380 to 5000 Hz. A good agreement between the measured and numerical results was obtained, with a mean variation of 30%. Therefore, the AMW unit optimised acoustic performance, resulting in a higher noise reduction, especially from 50 to 500 Hz. Finally, most of the AMW unit configurations are suitable for natural ventilation, and a dynamic tuned ventilation capacity can be achieved for particular ranges by adjusting the window’s ventilation opening. The proposed designs have potential applications in building acoustics and engineering where natural ventilation and noise mitigation are required to meet regulations simultaneously.

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19

Au Yeung, Y. N., Philip C. H. Yiu, and W. K. Chow. "Active noise control: Evaluation in ventilation systems." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 17, no. 4 (November 1996): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449601700404.

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20

Brewster, John F., M. Ruth Graham, and W. Alan C. Mutch. "Convexity, Jensen's inequality and benefits of noisy mechanical ventilation." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2, no. 4 (June 7, 2005): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2005.0043.

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Mechanical ventilators breathe for you when you cannot or when your lungs are too sick to do their job. Most ventilators monotonously deliver the same-sized breaths, like clockwork; however, healthy people do not breathe this way. This has led to the development of a biologically variable ventilator—one that incorporates noise. There are indications that such a noisy ventilator may be beneficial for patients with very sick lungs. In this paper we use a probabilistic argument, based on Jensen's inequality, to identify the circumstances in which the addition of noise may be beneficial and, equally important, the circumstances in which it may not be beneficial. Using the local convexity of the relationship between airway pressure and tidal volume in the lung, we show that the addition of noise at low volume or low pressure results in higher mean volume (at the same mean pressure) or lower mean pressure (at the same mean volume). The consequence is enhanced gas exchange or less stress on the lungs, both clinically desirable. The argument has implications for other life support devices, such as cardiopulmonary bypass pumps. This paper illustrates the benefits of research that takes place at the interface between mathematics and medicine.

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Mak, C. M., D. C. Waddington, and D. J. Oldham. "The Prediction of Airflow Generated Noise in Ventilation Systems." Building Acoustics 4, no. 4 (December 1997): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9700400404.

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At long distances from the primary noise source (the fan) of a ventilation system, airflow generated noise from duct fittings can become the major noise problem. There exists only a limited amount of measured data on flow generated noise produced by some in-duct elements such as bends and transition pieces. This lack of data reflects the difficulty in obtaining such information from conventional measurements techniques. As an alternative to large scale data collection, attempts have been made to develop pressure-based techniques for predicting the flow generated noise in a duct. In this paper it is shown that the work of a number of investigators over a long period of time has resulted in the development of techniques for the accurate prediction of flow generated noise due to duct components.

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22

Hodgson, Murray, and Alireza Khaleghi. "Factors Affecting Ventilation and Acoustical Quality in a Sustainably-Designed and in Conventional Buildings — A Pilot Study." Building Acoustics 19, no. 4 (December 2012): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1351-010x.19.4.313.

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This paper discusses a pilot study involving direct monitoring of airflow and acoustical quality in a sustainably-designed and in conventional buildings. The objectives were to measure these environmental aspects, determine the factors affecting them and the relationships between them and key building-design concepts, and consider the implications of the results for ventilation-system design. Selected rooms in buildings with natural and mechanical ventilation, without and with acoustical treatment, were monitored. Measurements were made of airflow rates and acoustical quality. Correlations between these environmental aspects, the types of building and ventilation system, and the building window status were investigated. In rooms with natural ventilation, noise levels were lower; however, the rooms had lower airflow rates. Rooms with mechanical ventilation had higher airflow rates, but noise levels were higher; HVAC noise was a problem if the system was not well designed. In naturally-ventilated buildings, airflow rates and noise levels were low with windows closed, but opening the windows to increase the airflow rate resulted in higher noise levels. The results of the study suggest that the acceptability of indoor environments in buildings depends on the degree of compliance of the design and its implementation with standards and design guidelines, whether the original design is ‘sustainable’ or not.

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Du, Liangfen, Siu-Kit Lau, Siew Eang Lee, and Martin Konrad Danzer. "Experimental study on noise reduction and ventilation performances of sound-proofed ventilation window." Building and Environment 181 (August 2020): 107105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107105.

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Mardis, Michael C. "Noise‐attenuating ventilation pedestal for an electronic enclosure." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 1 (January 1992): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.402701.

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F. Guul-Simonsen and P. Madsen. "LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF NOISE FROM LIVESTOCK VENTILATION UNITS." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 16, no. 1 (2000): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.4988.

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Mahdavi, Ardeshir, and Shiva Najaf Khosravi. "Acoustical and airflow considerations concerning double-layered façades with openings for natural ventilation." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 24002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017224002.

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Numbers of factors such as noise exposure may constrain the use of natural ventilation, especially in the urban settings. Noise exposure was the motivation behind a previous research effort, recognizing that noise exposure hampers the operation of windows for natural ventilation. Thereby, specific designs of double-leaf façade solutions for concurrent natural ventilation and noise protection were empirically investigated. Tested variables included the position and size of the openings, the relative displacement of openings in the façade’s two layers, as well as acoustical dampening (sound absorption) in the interstitial space between the two layers. The study of the models estimated the resulting sound insulation level of double-layered façades as a function of the aforementioned variables. In the present contribution, we further examine the airflow implications of the aforementioned double-façade configurations via computational fluid dynamic application based on a generic single-zone space. Natural ventilation efficiency in the building is evaluated by means of computed mean velocity and age of air inside the zone. High-resolution 3D steady CFD simulations of single-sided ventilation are performed for 9 configurations (sizes and positions) of the openings in the double-layered façade. The results illustrate the effects of these configuration on air flow circumstances in the test space.

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Yu, Ya-Lin, Yu-Tin Chao, Lai-Chung Lee, Jia-Yush Yen, and Yun-Chiu Fan. "A Novel Soundproof Ventilation Plant Design with High Performance and No Energy Consumption." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/496748.

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This paper proposes an advanced approach for designing soundproof windows with good ventilation. The structure of this study is based on three acoustics theorem and can reduce noise and ventilate the space at the same time. Using this structure on wall can help also avoid noise interference effect indoors and increase air quality. This study uses plants as appropriate soundproof structure to improve carbon dioxide content for providing better living environment. Simulations of the sound field and CFD demonstrate that the structure has good performance on noise reduction and effect of ventilation.

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Mangin, Laurence, Christine Clerici, Thomas Similowski, and Chi-Sang Poon. "Chaotic dynamics of cardioventilatory coupling in humans: effects of ventilatory modes." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 4 (April 2009): R1088—R1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90862.2008.

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Cardioventilatory coupling (CVC), a transient temporal alignment between the heartbeat and inspiratory activity, has been studied in animals and humans mainly during anesthesia. The origin of the coupling remains uncertain, whether or not ventilation is a main determinant in the CVC process and whether the coupling exhibits chaotic behavior. In this frame, we studied sedative-free, mechanically ventilated patients experiencing rapid sequential changes in breathing control during ventilator weaning during a switch from a machine-controlled assistance mode [assist-controlled ventilation (ACV)] to a patient-driven mode [inspiratory pressure support (IPS) and unsupported spontaneous breathing (USB)]. Time series were computed as R to start inspiration (RI) and R to the start of expiration (RE). Chaos was characterized with the noise titration method (noise limit), largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) and correlation dimension (CD). All the RI and RE time series exhibit chaotic behavior. Specific coupling patterns were displayed in each ventilatory mode, and these patterns exhibited different linear and chaotic dynamics. When switching from ACV to IPS, partial inspiratory loading decreases the noise limit value, the LLE, and the correlation dimension of the RI and RE time series in parallel, whereas decreasing intrathoracic pressure from IPS to USB has the opposite effect. Coupling with expiration exhibits higher complexity than coupling with inspiration during mechanical ventilation either during ACV or IPS, probably due to active expiration. Only 33% of the cardiac time series (RR interval) exhibit complexity either during ACV, IPS, or USB making the contribution of the cardiac signal to the chaotic feature of the coupling minimal. We conclude that 1) CVC in unsedated humans exhibits a complex dynamic that can be chaotic, and 2) ventilatory mode has major effects on the linear and chaotic features of the coupling. Taken together these findings reinforce the role of ventilation in the CVC process.

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Naik, B. I., C. Lynch, and C. G. Durbin. "Variability in Mechanical Ventilation: What's All the Noise About?" Respiratory Care 60, no. 8 (February 17, 2015): 1203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.03794.

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Naik, B. I., and C. G. Durbin. "Variability in Mechanical Ventilation: What's All the Noise About?" Respiratory Care 61, no. 1 (December 8, 2015): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.04582.

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Landstrom, Ulf. "Ventilation noise and its effects on annoyance and performance." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, no. 5 (May 2004): 2370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4779947.

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Huang, L., H. Z. Lu, J. Wang, and R. M. C. So. "Measurement and analysis of noise from a ventilation fan." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 118, no. 3 (September 2005): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4778597.

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Mak, C. M., W. M. To, T. Y. Tai, and Y. Yun. "Sustainable noise control system design for building ventilation systems." Indoor and Built Environment 24, no. 1 (November 22, 2013): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x13512144.

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Bandari, Anashe. "New metamaterial can simultaneously reduce noise and increase ventilation." Scilight 2019, no. 46 (November 15, 2019): 461109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0000217.

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Leventhall, H. G. "Low Frequency Noise in Ventilation Systems - Criteria and Control." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 13, no. 4 (December 1994): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239401300402.

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Migneron, Jean-Philippe, Andre Potvin, and Jean-Gabriel Migneron. "Noise insulation of a curtain wall for natural ventilation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 3664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4987938.

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Csáky, Kalmár, and Kalmár. "Operation Testing of an Advanced Personalized Ventilation System." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091596.

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Using personalized ventilation systems in office buildings, important energy saving might be obtained, which may improve the indoor air quality and thermal comfort sensation of occupants at the same time. In this paper, the operation testing results of an advanced personalized ventilation system are presented. Eleven different air terminal devices were analyzed. Based on the obtained air velocities and turbulence intensities, one was chosen to perform thermal comfort experiments with subjects. It was shown that, in the case of elevated indoor temperatures, the thermal comfort sensation can be improved considerably. A series of measurements were carried out in order to determine the background noise level and the noise generated by the personalized ventilation system. It was shown that further developments of the air distribution system are needed.

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Hoz-Torres, María L. de la, Antonio J. Aguilar, Diego P. Ruiz, and María Dolores Martínez-Aires. "Analysis of Impact of Natural Ventilation Strategies in Ventilation Rates and Indoor Environmental Acoustics Using Sensor Measurement Data in Educational Buildings." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 6122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186122.

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Indoor environmental conditions can significantly affect occupants’ health and comfort. These conditions are especially important in educational buildings, where students, teachers and staff spend long periods of the day and are vulnerable to these factors. Recently, indoor air quality has been a focus of attention to ensure that disease transmission in these spaces is minimised. In order to increase the knowledge in this field, experimental tests have been carried out to characterise the impact of natural ventilation strategies on indoor air quality and the acoustic environment. This study has evaluated three ventilation scenarios in four different classrooms in buildings of the University of Granada, considering different window and door opening configurations. Ventilation rates were estimated using the CO2 Decay Method, and background noise recordings were made in each classroom for acoustic tests. Results show that specific natural ventilation strategies have a relevant impact that is worth considering on the background noise in indoor spaces. In this sense ventilation rates provided by the different configurations varied between 3.7 and 39.8 air changes per hour (ACH) and the acoustic tests show a background noise ranging from 43 to 54 dBA in these scenarios. Consequently, managers and teachers should take into account not only the ACH, but also other collateral impacts on the indoor environmental conditions such as the thermal comfort or the acoustic environment.

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Praß, Julian, Andreas Renz, Johannes Weber, Stefan Becker, and Jörg Franke. "Numerical Investigation of a Friction Ventilator for Different Geometrical Setups." Advanced Engineering Forum 19 (October 2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.19.35.

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Conventional ventilation systems with heat recovery used for building aeration exhibit characteristic disadvantages arising from their operating principle such as noise generation from bladed ventilators or remarkable pressure losses generated by heat exchangers. A novel concept that combines ventilators and heat exchanger in one compact friction ventilator that rotates in two separated ducts producing two opposed airflows and transferring thermal energy from the higher temperature airflow to the lower temperature level can overcome the mentioned shortcomings. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of a friction ventilator to operate as ventilation system with heat recovery computational fluid dynamics were used to analyze the resulting pressure jump and volume flow for different geometrical setups. An extensive grid dependency study for a defined operating point that represents the typical use has been carried out in order to improve the numerical results. Furthermore, the results were compared to experimental data whenever possible.

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Poulton, Danielle A., Cosima S. Porteus, and Stephen D. Simpson. "Combined impacts of elevated CO2 and anthropogenic noise on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 4 (February 5, 2016): 1230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw003.

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Ocean acidification (OA) and anthropogenic noise are both known to cause stress and induce physiological and behavioural changes in fish, with consequences for fitness. OA is also predicted to reduce the ocean's capacity to absorb low-frequency sounds produced by human activity. Consequently, anthropogenic noise could propagate further under an increasingly acidic ocean. For the first time, this study investigated the independent and combined impacts of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and anthropogenic noise on the behaviour of a marine fish, the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). In a fully factorial experiment crossing two CO2 levels (current day and elevated) with two noise conditions (ambient and pile driving), D. labrax were exposed to four CO2/noise treatment combinations: 400 µatm/ambient, 1000 µatm/ambient, 400 µatm/pile-driving, and 1000 µatm/pile-driving. Pile-driving noise increased ventilation rate (indicating stress) compared with ambient noise conditions. Elevated CO2 did not alter the ventilation rate response to noise. Furthermore, there was no interaction effect between elevated CO2 and pile-driving noise, suggesting that OA is unlikely to influence startle or ventilatory responses of fish to anthropogenic noise. However, effective management of anthropogenic noise could reduce fish stress, which may improve resilience to future stressors.

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Chugunkov, Dmitry, and Galina Seyfelmlyukova. "NOISE REDUCTION OF ROOF FANS OF THE CENTRAL HEATING STATION." Akustika 32 (March 1, 2019): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika201932158.

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This article presents the results of an acoustic survey of several powerful central heating stations located in dense residential buildings of the metropolis. It is shown that the most powerful sources of noise for the surrounding residential area are roof fans of the ventilation system central heating stations. A description and test results of the original design silencer for roof fans, developed and patented by the authors, are given. It is noted that the developed design of the silencer does not affect the performance of the ventilation system.

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Geraskin, I. V., V. A. Geraskin, and N. V. Geraskina. "Determination of the level of condensate by recording the noise level in the respiratory circuit of mechanical ventilation devices." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma50547.

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Abstract. The method of determining the accumulation of condensate by registering the noise level in the respiratory circuit of ventilators is substantiated. According to the proposed method, the condition and performance of the apparatus is monitored during artificial lung ventilation and oxygen therapy. With hardware ventilation, an increasing turbulent flow of a water or gas stream is formed in the respiratory circuit, accompanied by an increase in the noise effect and vibration. An increase in the level of acoustic noise from fluctuations in the accumulation of condensate in gaseous media was recorded by an instrument for objective measurement of sound level a sound level meter. Indicators of noise effects reached a higher level on the wet circuit (the presence of condensation droplets or accumulations of mucus) of the liquid compared with the indicators obtained on the dry breathing circuit. The difference in recorded noise levels reached 10 dB, and increased from 37,73 to 47,36 dB. Areas of the respiratory circuit with the greatest degree of narrowing of the lumen and critical accumulations of water condensate and mucus are a source of turbulence in the air flow and increased noise. In conditions of prolonged artificial ventilation of the lungs, the rate of humidified air-gas flow is constantly changing, especially with hardware modeling of the phases of inspiration and expiration, and an increase in temperature in the humidifier chamber. The proposed technique is designed to identify critical levels of water condensate in the apparatus breathing circuits by recording the intensity of the increase in noise level and choosing the rational mode of operation of medical equipment. Data on the emerging critical situation are displayed on the sound level meter screen and inform medical personnel about the need to rehabilitate the circuit of the artificial lung ventilation apparatus. The primary field of application is resuscitation and intensive care units, medical transport teams during in-hospital or inter-hospital transportation, and surgical operating rooms during inhalation anesthesia.

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Marini, Martino, Andrea Frattolillo, Roberto Baccoli, and Costantino Carlo Mastino. "Incidence of the Ventilation Holes and the Mechanical Ventilation Systems of Façade on the Noise Insulation." Energy Procedia 101 (November 2016): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.034.

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Torresin, Simone, Rossano Albatici, Francesco Aletta, Francesco Babich, Tin Oberman, and Jian Kang. "Acoustic Design Criteria in Naturally Ventilated Residential Buildings: New Research Perspectives by Applying the Indoor Soundscape Approach." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 5401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245401.

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The indoor-outdoor connection provided by ventilation openings has been so far a limiting factor in the use of natural ventilation (NV), due to the apparent conflict between ventilation needs and the intrusion of external noise. This limiting factor impedes naturally ventilated buildings meeting the acoustic criteria set by standards and rating protocols, which are reviewed in this paper for residential buildings. The criteria reflect a general effort to minimize noise annoyance by reducing indoor sound levels, typically without a distinction based on a ventilation strategy. Research has developed a number of solutions, discussed here, that try to guarantee ventilation without compromising façade noise insulation, but, currently, none have been adopted on a large scale. This concept paper highlights the main limits of the current approach. First, a fragmented view towards indoor environmental quality has not included consideration of the following acoustic criteria: (i) how buildings are designed and operated to meet multiple needs other than acoustical ones (e.g., ventilation, visual, and cooling needs) and (ii) how people respond to multiple simultaneous environmental factors. Secondly, the lack of a perceptual perspective has led acoustic criteria to neglect the multiple cognitive and behavioral factors impinging on comfort in naturally ventilated houses. Indeed, factors such as the connection with the outside and the sense of control over one’s environment may induce “adaptive acoustic comfort” opportunities that are worth investigating. The mere use of different sound level limits would not be enough to define criteria tailored to the complex user–building interaction that occurs under NV conditions. More holistic and human-centered approaches are required to guarantee not only neutrally but even positively perceived indoor acoustic environments. For this reason, this paper considers this apparent conflict from a soundscape viewpoint, in order to expose still unexplored lines of research. By underpinning a perceptual perspective and by contextualizing it, the indoor soundscape approach provides a framework capable of overcoming the limits of the traditional noise control approach. This could provide the opportunity to foster a wider adoption of NV as a passive design strategy that enhances user health and well-being, while enabling low-cost, and low-energy cooling and ventilation, thereby contributing to current climate change challenges.

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Kuethe, Dean O., Arvind Caprihan, H. Michael Gach, Irving J. Lowe, and Eiichi Fukushima. "Imaging obstructed ventilation with NMR using inert fluorinated gases." Journal of Applied Physiology 88, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 2279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2279.

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We partially obstructed the left bronchi of rats and imaged an inert insoluble gas, SF6, in the lungs with NMR using a technique that clearly differentiates obstructed and normal ventilation. When the inhaled fraction of O2is high, SF6 concentrates dramatically in regions of the lung with low ventilation-to-perfusion ratios (V˙a/Q˙); therefore, these regions are brighter in an image than whereV˙a/Q˙ values are normal or high. A second image, made when the inhaled fraction of O2 is low, serves as a reference because the SF6 fraction is nearly uniform, regardless ofV˙a/Q˙. The quotient of the first and second images displays the low-V˙a/Q˙ regions and is corrected for other causes of brightness variation. The technique may provide sufficient quantification ofV˙a/Q˙ to be a useful research tool. The noise in the quotient image is described by the probability density function for the quotient of two normal random variables. When the signal-to-noise ratio of the denominator image is >10, the signal-to-noise ratio of the quotient image is similar to that of the parent images and decreases with pixel value.

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Mohajeri, Ramin, John Atkinson, and F. R. Fricke. "An intelligent ventilation system to attenuate the intermittent transportation noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101, no. 5 (May 1997): 3122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.418917.

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Gardonio, P., and J. Rohlfing. "Modular feed-forward active noise control units for ventilation ducts." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 6 (December 2014): 3051–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4900571.

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Waddington, D. C., and D. J. Oldham. "The Prediction of Airflow-Generated Noise in Mechanical Ventilation Systems." Indoor and Built Environment 9, no. 2 (March 2000): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x0000900207.

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Oldham, D. J., M. H. de Salis, and S. Sharples. "Reducing the ingress of urban noise through natural ventilation openings." Indoor Air 14, s8 (December 2004): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00294.x.

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Waddington, David C., and David J. Oldham. "The prediction of airflow generated noise in ventilation system bends." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4783334.

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