Journal articles: 'Ventilation design'

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Heiselberg, Per. "Natural Ventilation Design." International Journal of Ventilation 2, no. 4 (April 2004): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2004.11683674.

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Kolandaivelu, Kumaran, and Chi-Sang Poon. "A miniature mechanical ventilator for newborn mice." Journal of Applied Physiology 84, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.2.733.

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Kolandaivelu, Kumaran, and Chi-Sang Poon.A miniature mechanical ventilator for newborn mice. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 733–739, 1998.—Transgenic/knockout mice with predefined mutations have become increasingly popular in biomedical research as models of human diseases. In some instances, the resulting mutation may cause cardiorespiratory distress in the neonatal or adult animals and may necessitate resuscitation. Here we describe the design and testing of a miniature and versatile ventilator that can deliver varying ventilatory support modes, including conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency ventilation, to animals as small as the newborn mouse. With a double-piston body chamber design, the device circumvents the problem of air leakage and obviates the need for invasive procedures such as endotracheal intubation, which are particularly important in ventilating small animals. Preliminary tests on newborn mice as early as postnatal day 0 demonstrated satisfactory restoration of pulmonary ventilation and the prevention of respiratory failure in mutant mice that are prone to respiratory depression. This device may prove useful in the postnatal management of transgenic/knockout mice with genetically inflicted respiratory disorders.

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Budiyani ; Budianastas Prastyatama, Ansheila Gabriela. "EVALUATION AND EXPERIMENT OF INTERLOCKING BRICK MODULE DESIGN TO OBTAIN VARIETIES OF VENTILATION OPENING AREA ON WALL." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 4, no. 03 (May 30, 2020): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v4i03.3932.269-287.

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Abstract - Natural ventilation is a passive design in architecture to respond toward a country with tropic climate like Indonesia, so that the building materials should be considered in the wall design to obtain ventilation opening. Interlocking bricks is one of building material example in architecture. The advantages from interlocking brick compared to the commonly used brick is that it has an interlocking system that enable the interlocking brick assembly to become more effective, efficient, and easy.Practically speaking, interlocking brick is not yet popular to be used in Indonesia. To obtain a wall with ventilation opening, the commonly used brick is demanded more than interlocking brick. This is due to the design of interlocking brick to create ventilations on the wall is still limited and less explored. Oftentimes the interlocking system in interlocking brick limits the type of bonds for the wall so that the result of ventilation is less variative. Interlocking brick actually has potentials to be an alternative choice of material to produce ventilation on wall because its similar characteristics to the common red brick.The purpose of this research is to gain varieties of ventilation opening that is made through the configuration of bricks by exploration of interlocking brick designs through experiment. The method used is qualitative method, through evaluating the designs of interlocking brick precedents that is based on the literature studies. From the literature studies and evaluation result, experiments to the interlocking brick design could be done to gain area of ventilation opening variations.The experiment result, which is designed modules, could be expected to be alternative of material choices to produce ventilation openings on wall that could be adjusted with the area of space it bears. Therefore, wall from the interlocking brick configuration could produce variations of ventilation opening area that meet the standards applied so that it could be used for walls that wanted to create natural ventilations.Key Words: interlocking brick, ventilation opening, opening variation

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HIRAI, Takuo. "Tunnel Ventilation Design & Build." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 114, no. 1108 (2011): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.114.1108_160.

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Moore, Philip J. "Ventilation Tube Duration versus Design." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 99, no. 9 (September 1990): 722–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949009900910.

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Mossad, R. R. "Optimization of the Ventilation System for a Forced Ventilation Piggery." Journal of Green Building 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.4.4.113.

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Pigs are subjected to intensive environment control and management in order to achieve higher productivity. This is due to their sensitivity to climatic variation, which strongly affects their growth. This paper reports the design optimization of a forced ventilation piggery using computational fluid dynamics. This numerical investigation determined the effect of varying the number of ventilation openings and their location on the air flow pattern, speed, temperature, power needed, ability to remove heat and residence time. The effect of varying the ventilation rate in a range (0.05 – 0.8 m3/s), and ambient temperatures of 5°C and 32°C was also investigated. The modeled piggery has dimensions 40 m × 15 m × 2.6 m, with central walkway and gable roof with the apex at 3.9 m and is a common design in Australia. A steady-state two-dimensional numerical model based on the integral volume method, including the effects of buoyancy and heat generated by the pigs, was solved using the computational fluid dynamics software “Fluent.” Four designs were investigated and an optimum design, which facilitates better ventilation of the majority of the room, has been identified. In summer, an inlet velocity has been recommended which achieves optimum environment inside the piggery meeting the pigs' thermal comfort criteria with minimum power usage. During winter it became obvious that heating has to be used in all designs to be able to meet the pigs' thermal comfort criteria.

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Yoon, Nari, Mary Ann Piette, Jung Min Han, Wentao Wu, and Ali Malkawi. "Optimization of Window Positions for Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation Performance." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 2464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102464.

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This paper optimizes opening positions on building facades to maximize the natural ventilation’s potential for ventilation and cooling purposes. The paper demonstrates how to apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results to architectural design processes, and how the CFD-driven decisions impact ventilation and cooling: (1) background: A CFD helps predict the natural ventilation’s potential, the integration of CFD results into design decision-making has not been actively practiced; (2) methods: Pressure data on building facades were obtained from CFD simulations and mapped into the 3D modeling environment, which were then used to identify optimal positions of two openings of a zone. The effect of the selected opening positions was validated with building energy simulations; (3) results: The cross-comparison study of different window positions based on different geographical locations quantified the impact on natural ventilation effectiveness; and (4) conclusions: The optimized window position was shown to be effective, and some optimal solutions contradicted the typical cross-ventilation strategy.

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Lee, Dong-kil. "Optimal design of mine ventilation system using a ventilation improvement index." Journal of Mining Science 52, no. 4 (July 2016): 762–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062739116041178.

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Wu, Yan-Lin, Yu-Lieh Wu, and Azka Hasya Hanifan. "Study on Ventilation Performance in Operating Room with Variation Ventilation Design." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1500 (April 2020): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012040.

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Hunt, G. R., and K. Syrios. "Roof-Mounted Ventilation Towers – Design Criteria for Enhanced Buoyancy-Driven Ventilation." International Journal of Ventilation 3, no. 3 (December 2004): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2004.11683914.

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Likar, J., and J. Čadež. "Ventilation Design of Enclosed Underground Structures." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 15, no. 4 (October 2000): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-7798(01)00017-7.

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Etheridge, D. W. "Nondimensional methods for natural ventilation design." Building and Environment 37, no. 11 (November 2002): 1057–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(01)00091-9.

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Holford, Joanne M., and Gary R. Hunt. "Fundamental atrium design for natural ventilation." Building and Environment 38, no. 3 (March 2003): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(02)00019-7.

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Chiang, Weihwa, Huiping Wu, and Haohsiang Hsu. "Acoustics design associated with natural ventilation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 4 (April 2014): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4877644.

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Lastovets, Natalia, Risto Kosonen, Juha Jokisalo, and Simo Kilpeläinen. "Dynamic design model of displacement ventilation." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104049.

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An accurate temperature gradient calculation is essential for displacement ventilation (DV) system design, since it directly relates to the calculation of the required supply air flow rate. Inaccurate temperature prediction can cause the poor thermal comfort and w sizing of the ventilation and cooling systems. Several simplified nodal models were developed and implemented in the various building simulation software to estimate the temperature stratification in rooms with DV. Recent studies reveal that the multi-nodal models provide the most accurate temperature gradient prediction. However, the most building simulation software uses the air models with only one air node. The present study introduces the dynamic temperature gradient model for DV and investigates the effect of thermal mass on the temperature stratification. The model was validated with the experimental results of the lecture room with displacement ventilation. The room air temperature measurements were conducted during three weeks at 20 different heights. The supply air temperature and occupancy rate were recorded during each scheduled lecture. The developed dynamic nodal model is able to accurately calculate the air temperatures in occupied zone. The effect of the thermal mass and varied heat loads on the indoor air temperature stratification is analysed for the lecture room with DV.

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Melikov, Arsen K., and Detelin G. Markov. "Validity of CO2 based ventilation design." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911105007.

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The present ventilation design practice as well as the ventilation standards and building regulations are based on the assumption for complete mixing of air in occupied spaces. Required flow rate of outdoor air for dilution of metabolic CO2 generated by occupants is calculated to keep the CO2 concentration below certain required level. The CO2 concentration measured in the exhaust air or in the room but far from the occupants is assumed to be the same as the CO2 concentration in the air inhaled by the occupants. However, this assumption is seldom accurate, especially in spaces with closely seated occupants, such as classrooms, meeting rooms, etc. In such spaces the CO2 sources, i.e. the people, are close to each other and the CO2 concentration in the inhaled air may be much above the CO2 concentration level recommended as a limit in standards. This is because the upward free convection flow that exists around human body entrains the air with high CO2 concentration exhaled by seated people and move it to their breathing zone. Furthermore, the thermal flows generated by occupants’ body interact with the ventilation flow, which often results in insufficient dilution of the generated CO2 (as well as other pollution) and high levels of CO2 concentration at the breathing zone of occupants. This problem is discussed in the present paper in detail. The discussion is supported by results of measurements in a meeting room with mixing air distribution. People were used to generate metabolic CO2 and a breathing thermal manikin was used to measure accurately the CO2 concentration in the inhaled air. The results confirmed that inhaled CO2 concentration was much higher than the one at the exhaust and that there is need for changes in the present CO2 based ventilation design practice. Possible solutions are suggested.

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Rennix, Christopher P. "Computer-Assisted Ventilation Design and Evaluation." Applied Industrial Hygiene 2, no. 1 (January 1987): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1987.10389795.

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Hurtado, Mark P., Daniel Wu, and Ricardo Burdisso. "Quiet rim driven ventilation fan design." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 3732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4988196.

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Mansell, Stephanie K., Steven Cutts, Isobel Hackney, Martin J. Wood, Kevin Hawksworth, Dean D. Creer, Cherry Kilbride, and Swapna Mandal. "Using domiciliary non-invasive ventilator data downloads to inform clinical decision-making to optimise ventilation delivery and patient compliance." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 5, no. 1 (March 2018): e000238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000238.

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IntroductionVentilation parameter data from patients receiving home mechanical ventilation can be collected via secure data cards and modem technology. This can then be reviewed by clinicians and ventilator prescriptions adjusted. Typically available measures include tidal volume (VT), leak, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, patient triggered breaths, achieved pressures and patient compliance. This study aimed to assess the potential impact of ventilator data downloads on management of patients requiring home non-invasive ventilation (NIV).MethodsA longitudinal within-group design with repeated measurements was used. Baseline ventilator data were downloaded, reviewed and adjustments made to optimise ventilation. Leak, VT and compliance data were collected for comparison at the first review and 3–7 weeks later. Ventilator data were monitored and amended remotely via a modem by a consultant physiotherapist between the first review and second appointment.ResultsAnalysis of data from 52 patients showed increased patient compliance (% days used >4 hours) from 90% to 96% (p=0.007), increased usage from 6.53 to 6.94 hours (p=0.211) and a change in VT(9.4 vs 8.7 mL/kg/ideal body weight, p=0.022). There was no change in leak following review of NIV prescriptions (mean (SD): 43 (23.4) L/min vs 45 (19.9)L/min, p=0.272).ConclusionVentilator data downloads, via early remote assessment, can help optimise patient ventilation through identification of modifiable factors, in particular interface leak and ventilator prescriptions. However, a prospective study is required to assess whether using ventilator data downloads provides value in terms of patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness. The presented data will help to inform the design of such a study.

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Nardi, Nicolas, Guillaume Mortamet, Laurence Ducharme-Crevier, Guillaume Emeriaud, and Philippe Jouvet. "Recent Advances in Pediatric Ventilatory Assistance." F1000Research 6 (March 17, 2017): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10408.1.

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In this review on respiratory assistance, we aim to discuss the following recent advances: the optimization and customization of mechanical ventilation, the use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and the role of noninvasive ventilation. The prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury and diaphragmatic dysfunction is now a key aspect in the management of mechanical ventilation, since these complications may lead to higher mortality and prolonged length of stay in intensive care units. Different physiological measurements, such as esophageal pressure, electrical activity of the diaphragm, and volumetric capnography, may be useful objective tools to help guide ventilator assistance. Companies that design medical devices including ventilators and respiratory monitoring platforms play a key role in knowledge application. The creation of a ventilation consortium that includes companies, clinicians, researchers, and stakeholders could be a solution to promote much-needed device development and knowledge implementation.

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Bonfanti, Mirko, Antonio Cammi, and Paola Bagnoli. "Gas transfer model to design a ventilator for neonatal total liquid ventilation." Medical Engineering & Physics 37, no. 12 (December 2015): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.09.003.

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Chen, Shih Ming, Yu Ying Huang, and Yeng Horng Perng. "Green Ventilation System Design for Underground Garage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 763 (May 2015): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.763.105.

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In recent years, the issues of indoor air quality and thermal comfort in underground garages have attained considerable importance. The purpose of this study is to present a green natural ventilation system with a ventilation shaft connected to the outdoors through a horizontal branch pipe. The system combines with a diaphragm wall and steel cage frame for an underground garage or similar underground enclosed spaces. The design system reduces use of tradition fans and motors used in mechanical ventilation. It improves exhaust from indoor spaces and reduces energy consumption. The green design of the ventilation system in this study is cost effective, saves energy and improves the air quality in an underground garage.

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Zhou, Jun, and Xiao Hui Liu. "Design of Natural Ventilation and Analysis of Ventilation Safety in Commercial Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.55.

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This paper establishes computer CFD simulation mathematical model of large commercial buildings according to the principle of cubic interpolation function and determines the cubic interpolation function based on triangular elements method. It concludes the cubic polynomial in the process of simulation which improves the efficiency of computer simulation. This paper introduces modeling process and flow diagram of simulation process of numerical simulation of natural ventilation simulation of commercial building. It also simulates the indoor ventilation of building which treats the logistics field model of commercial tower building as the object of study. It concludes two-dimensional and three-dimensional contours of air and humidity. Finally, this paper gets the environmental distribution of the temperature through the simulation calculation and draws temperature change curve with distance which provides technical reference for the design of ventilation safe indoor.

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Bowman, Thomas G., Richard J. Boergers, and Monica R. Lininger. "Airway Management in Athletes Wearing Lacrosse Equipment." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-4-17.

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Context: Patient ventilation volume and rate have been found to be compromised due to the inability to seal a pocket mask over the chinstrap of football helmets. The effects of supraglottic airway devices such as the King LT and of lacrosse helmets on these measures have not been studied. Objective: To assess the effects of different airway management devices and helmet conditions on producing quality ventilations while performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on simulation manikins. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Simulation laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-six athletic trainers (12 men, 24 women) completed this study. Intervention(s): Airway-management device (pocket mask, oral pharyngeal airway, King LT airway [KA]) and helmet condition (no helmet, Cascade helmet, Schutt helmet, Warrior helmet) served as the independent variables. Participant pairs performed 2 minutes of 2-rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation under 12 trial conditions. Main Outcome Measure(s): Ventilation volume (mL), ventilation rate (ventilations/min), rating of perceived difficulty (RPD), and percentage of quality ventilations were the dependent variables. Results: A significant interaction was found between type of airway-management device and helmet condition on ventilation volume and rate (F12,408 = 2.902, P < .0001). In addition, a significant interaction was noted between airway-management device and helmet condition on RPD scores (F6,204 = 3.366, P = .003). The no-helmet condition produced a higher percentage of quality ventilations compared with the helmet conditions (P ≤ .003). Also, the percentage of quality ventilations differed, and the KA outperformed each of the other devices (P ≤ .029). Conclusions: The helmet chinstrap inhibited quality ventilation (rate and volume) in airway procedures that required the mask to be sealed on the face. However, the KA allowed quality ventilation in patients wearing a helmet with the chinstrap fastened. If a KA is not available, the helmet may need to be removed to provide quality ventilations.

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Xu, Nan, and Chi Zhang. "The Theoretical Study of Noise Control Engineering Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2034.

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Mine ventilation system is serious pollution to the surrounding environment. Due to the air flow rate, high speed, strong noise radiation. In addition to the scientific and reasonable design for muffler, ventilation resistance loss calculation is one of the key successful factors of project design, in order to eliminate the noise pollution of mine ventilation system.In recent years,people's awareness level of the harm of noise rises ceaselessly, the environmental protection departments also gradually enlarges the management and punishment to noise pollution.The noise control of coal mine ventilation system with strong radiation and harm has become a pressing matter of the moment. Because the theory calculation of noise control design is fuzzy, Some environmental protection company implement noise control by virtue of experience or imitation of other engineering, leading to a series of problems, such as noise control can not reach the design standard, large ventilation resistance, energy consumption increased, regeneration noise exceed the standard, system vibration. Based on the systematic study for engineering design, i summed up the theory calculation rule for the coal mine ventilation system noise control, as reference to technical personnel.

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Säteri, Jorma, Olli Seppänen, and Mervi Ahola. "Finnish design ventilation rates for residential buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102016.

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Implementation of EU directives has forced EU member countries to revise the building regulations related energy efficiency. The 2017 revision of the building codes is due to the requirement set in the EPBD 2010 for all new buildings to be nearly zero buildings by 2020. The Finnish Ministry of the Environment (in charge of building regulations) invited FINVAC Federation of Finnish HVAC Associations to revise the guidelines values of ventilation rates as part of the nearly zero energy building regulations. At the same time, the Finnish Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate updated its voluntary Classification of Indoor Environment. Several methods were used in the study to collect information and develop the new guideline values. European studies, such as HEALTHVENT, and relevant CEN standards were taken into consideration in drafting the design ventilation rates. Existing legislation on housing conditions gave the minimum levels and, finally, the recommended values were defined using expert interviews, workshops and public review process. Earlier studies had indicated that earlier design ventilation rates were too high for small apartments. Ventilation rates were considered too low for homes of elderly people and residential kitchen hoods, and some larger apartments. Furthermore, the balance of outdoor and exhaust air flows needed revision due to the improved tightness of the building envelope. Energy efficiency and avoidance of draught and noise were also taken into account. This paper presents the numeric values of the ventilation rates in the new building regulations and the design guidelines supporting them.

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Yuan, Yue Yang, Chong Chang Yang, and Zhi Xin Cao. "The Technology of Ventilator Airflow Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.484.

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Aiming at improving and optimizing the ventilators performance and by reviewing the whole procession for design and research of a modern medical mechanical ventilator, many things about its ventilation control are taken into being considered toward the perspective of machine system in this paper. They are included those building the respiratory system model, getting its parameters and the technique of ventilation control, etc. Their essential mechanism, related key technologies and the working principle of each sub-system are described in detail. And a control-experimentation for realizing the ventilation in a test plat is also given out. And a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) control mode realized in this experiment shown the technologies of airflow control are considered well in our design.

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Berquist, Justin, Carsen Banister, and Mathieu Pellissier. "Comparison of Heat Recovery Ventilator Frost Control Techniques in the Canadian Arctic: Preheat and Recirculation." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124611010.

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Air-to-air heat/energy recovery ventilators can effectively reduce the cost associated with ventilating a home. However, high indoor moisture levels, in conjunction with extreme temperature differences between the outdoor and indoor air can cause frost accumulation in the mechanical equipment, leading to performance degradation or failure. In this research, a demonstration house using a heat recovery ventilation system in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada was used to compare the performance of two frost control techniques: recirculation and electrical preheat. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are outlined to highlight the need to adapt southern strategies to ensure system functionality in the Arctic. The system was equipped with a heat recovery ventilator (HRV) with built-in recirculation technology to defrost the HRV, as well as two electric preheaters that can be used instead of recirculation and prevent frost formation. Between December 2018 and April 2019 the ventilation system’s performance was monitored for seven weeks while using either recirculation or electrical preheat. The experiments showed the ventilation system equipment consumed more absolute energy with electrical preheat than with recirculation as the frost control technique. However, when using recirculation, the ventilation system experienced more losses throughout the ventilation system, causing the whole building to consume more energy due to an increase in energy consumption by the home’s heating system. Moreover, the quantity of outdoor air that was restricted while using recirculation made electrical preheat the superior option for this ventilation system design. The energy use of the ventilation system with electric preheat enabled was 35% lower on a per volume of outdoor air basis. Contrary to some belief that preheating is a poor approach for frost control in heat/energy recovery ventilators, this research finds that preheating can be a more energy efficient method to provide ventilation if controlled well.

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Gupta, Prof S. K. "Window Design for Natural Ventilation – Tropical Region." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. XI (November 14, 2017): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.11086.

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Tantasavasdi, Chalermwat, Jelena Srebric, and Qingyan Chen. "Natural ventilation design for houses in Thailand." Energy and Buildings 33, no. 8 (October 2001): 815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(01)00073-1.

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Allocca, Camille, Qingyan Chen, and Leon R. Glicksman. "Design analysis of single-sided natural ventilation." Energy and Buildings 35, no. 8 (September 2003): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(02)00239-6.

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Dix, T. R. "An Engineering Approach to Ventilation System Design." Indoor and Built Environment 9, no. 2 (March 2000): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x0000900203.

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Galbraith, G. H., R. C. McLean, and S. V. Emsfie. "Estimation of design ventilation rates for buildings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 15, no. 4 (November 1994): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449401500402.

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K. Syrios, K., and G. R. Hunt. "Design Considerations for Roof-Mounted Ventilation Systems." International Journal of Ventilation 3, no. 2 (September 2004): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2004.11683906.

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Matsunawa, Katashi, and Kitarou Mizuide. "Design Issues for Drawing in Natural Ventilation." International Journal of Ventilation 5, no. 1 (June 2006): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2006.11683730.

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Chow, W. K. "On ventilation design for underground car parks." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 10, no. 2 (April 1995): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0886-7798(95)00010-v.

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Kumbhar, Nilesh Arjun. "Design and Development of Mechanical Ventilator." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35905.

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Respiratory diseases and injury-induced respiratory failure constitute a significant public healthiness in both developed and fewer developed countries. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic respiratory conditions are spread globally. These conditions are exacerbated by pollution , smoking, and burning of biomass for fuel, all of which are on the rise in developing countries1,2 Patients with underlying lung disease may develop respiratory failure under a selection of challenges and should be supported mechanical ventilation. These are machines which mechanically assist patients inspire and exhale, allowing the exchange of oxygen and CO2 to occur within the lungs, a process mentioned as procedure. Design and prototyping of a inexpensive portable mechanical ventilator to be utilized in mass casualty cases and resource-poor environments. The ventilator delivers breaths by compressing a typical bag-valve mask (BVM) with a pivoting cam arm, eliminating the need for an individual's operator for the BVM. Now a days, COVID-19 is one among the main issue goes on, and during this disease ventilator is plays the important role. during this project report, we've focused on to style and development of semi-automatic low cost mechanical ventilator.

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Jung, Fang, Shang-Shing P. Chou, Shih-Hsing Yang, Jau-Chen Lin, and Guey-Mei Jow. "Optimizing effects on airway pressure and minute volume during closed endotracheal suctioning: a simulated lung model." SIMULATION 97, no. 7 (April 16, 2021): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00375497211006188.

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A closed suction system is used to remove endotracheal secretions without interrupting the patient’s ventilation. Closed suctioning may reduce adverse effects associated with suctioning with, for example, decreased clinical signs of hypoxemia and limited environmental, personnel, and patient contamination. However, it is not clear whether ventilation is maintained during the procedure. We aimed to determine the effects of endotracheal tube (ETT) size, suction catheter (SC) size, and SC length in the ETT on ventilation parameters measured during suction. Suction was performed on a test lung, ventilated with either volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV) or pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) using ETT sizes of 6.0–8.5 mm paired with SC sizes of 8–16 French gauge (Fr = 0.33 mm). Airway resistance ( Raw), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and expiratory minute volume ( Vexp) were recorded for each ventilation episode by a HAMILTON-G5 ventilator. Here, Raw was considerably increased by insertion of the SC into the ETT. This Raw effect altered the PIP and Vexp. PIP was increased in VC-CMV because the ventilation area of the ETT was reduced, and Vexp was decreased in PC-CMV in relation to the size of the SC. PEEP decreased with application of the 16 Fr SC and 30 L/min flow rate in VC-CMV. We conclude that airway pressure and minute volume are not maintained during closed endotracheal suctioning with VC-CMV and PC-CMV, respectively. The degree of interference to ventilation is affected through selection of appropriate SC size and ventilation settings.

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Kim, Joon-Hyung, and Joo-Hyun Rho. "Design optimization for overhead ventilation duct system for a train using computational fluid dynamics and design of experiment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 5 (April 26, 2016): 914–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408916646403.

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The overhead multiple outlets ventilation duct system of 18 m long is used to maintain the specified indoor thermal comfort environment for each railway passenger car. Therefore, the flow uniformity of the overhead ventilation duct system is very important for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning performance of a train. In this study, design optimization was conducted to increase the flow uniformity of the overhead ventilation duct system for a train by combining computational fluid dynamics and design of experiment methods. To perform the study, the flow uniformity of the base model was evaluated using numerical analysis whose reliability was verified. Design parameters of the overhead ventilation duct system were selected, and an effectiveness evaluation was performed for each design parameter by using 2 k factorial design. Based on the results of the effectiveness evaluation for the design parameters, optimum models having improved flow uniformity were designed using the response surface method. The performances of the optimum models were also evaluated by the same numerical analysis that was applied to the base model. The flow uniformity of the optimum models was improved by controlling the opening ratios of the perforated plates and guide vane shape. In addition, nonuniform flow components locally existing in the base model were suppressed.

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Chen, Haofu, Zhuangbo Feng, and Shi-Jie Cao. "Quantitative investigations on setting parameters of air conditioning (air-supply speed and temperature) in ventilated cooling rooms." Indoor and Built Environment 30, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19887776.

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Rational and scientific design of indoor air conditioning is essential. In the design of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning system, air-supply speed (ventilation rate) and air-supply temperature are the two most important parameters. In the current study, numerical simulations and experimental measurements were adopted to investigate the influences of ventilation mode, air-supply velocity and air-supply temperature on indoor thermal comfort as well as building energy consumption in summer. Different ventilation modes (up supply and down exit, ceiling supply and ceiling exit) were considered in modelling. Based on the simulation and experimental results, dimensionless index [Formula: see text] is proposed, which represents the ratio of buoyancy weighting force to inertial force. This index can be used as a pre-evaluation index of indoor thermal comfort in preliminary design of air conditioning. It is an indicator to judge the working conditions in cooling-ventilated rooms. When [Formula: see text], the settlement and diffusion effects of indoor airflow reach a good level, which means that the parameter setting could provide a comfortable indoor thermal environment. The dimensionless number [Formula: see text] is a theoretically based tool in the pre-evaluation of indoor thermal environment, providing guidance for setting of ventilation design parameters.

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Cao, Shi-Jie, Hua-Yan Deng, Xiaoqing Zhou, and Yelin Deng. "Ventilation inlets design based on ventilation performance assessment using a dimensionless time scale." Indoor and Built Environment 28, no. 8 (December 6, 2018): 1049–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18815321.

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Yang, Dong Po, and Jian Min Han. "Improving Design of Cricoid Plastic Gating System Based on Moldflow." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2264.

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To solve the problems such as poor ventilation and high production costs in the production of cricoid plastics, we analysis the reasons and look for solutions with Moldflow software to guide the new design and manufacturing of the mould. The poor ventilated structure is changed into a ventilation structure. A poor ventilation structure is changed to a good ventilation structure. Injection weight ratio was reduced from 35% to 15% - 20%, the gating system was improved, the molding process was optimized, ensuring product quality and save the cost, produced good economic benefits.

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Bonnett, Jonathan, Carmel Cuschieri, and Joseph M. Cuschieri. "Noise Control design for a Ventilation Fan - Case Study." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3238.

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A ventilation system was design and installed for a multi story garage. The ventilation system system had a vertical concrete shaft with the ventilation fan located on the top floor at street level. The ventilation fan is separated from the outside by a set of metal louvers. Adjacent to the louvers is an open pedestrian area. The exhaust fan as installed had an inline duct silencer but this was insufficient in terms of providing the desired noise mitigation. The project desire was not to make changes to the fan or its inline silencer or the external louvers so an alternative noise mitigation option had to be explored. Based on the provided sound power characteristics of the fan, the exterior noise levels as calculated matched the expected levels coming out of the metal louvers. The interior of the ventilation shaft is bare concrete with the fan installed though a hole in the concrete top floor. The predominate noise was the very high reverberation inside the ventilation shaft. The owner of the property made an attempt at installing noise absorption but this was not sufficient. Based on the field data the sound levels with the preliminary absorption solution matched expectation, but further noise reduction was required. A complete sound absorption on the walls of the concrete ventilation shaft noise mitigation solution was design, and the expected levels predicted to show that significant noise reductions can be obtained by a comprehensive noise absorption solution. The noise mitigation solution was implemented and exterior sound level measurements performed at the completion of the project. The measured sound levels outside of the metal louvers were in very good agreement with the predicted levels. Based on the success of this first noise mitigation solution, noise mitigation for a second ventilation system is not being considered.

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Yang, Li Ning, and Xiang Zhao Fu. "Research on Natural Ventilation Effect Based on Ventilation Network Model - Case Study of an Office Building in Chongqing, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1243.

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This paper proposed HVAC engineer should simulate natural ventilation () of building based on the Ventilation Network Model (VNM) and software of loop pipe network hydraulic calculation and analysis of hydraulic conditions (LPNHHC) V1.0 which is developed by Chongqing University. It presents two indexes, which are requirement of ventilation in local building regulation () and thermal comfortable ventilation (), should be used to evaluate the design talent on building natural ventilation. We can say the building ventilation design meet the requirement under the premise of bigger than and simultaneously. Architecture, otherwise, needs to modify the building design according to the comments of HVAC engineer. HVAC engineer should design mechanical ventilation (MV) if natural ventilation really can not meet the requirement after modification. It, at last, shows a case study of office building in Chongqing in order to prove the method proposed in the paper. We conclude that ventilation network model can be used to evaluate the design effect of building natural ventilation.

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Ruth, Eivind, and Øyvind N. Smogeli. "Ventilation of Controllable Pitch Thrusters." Marine Technology and SNAME News 43, no. 04 (October 1, 2006): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2006.43.4.170.

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In oil and gas exploration and exploitation, many ships and rigs conduct station-keeping operations by the use of dynamic positioning (DP) systems or thruster-assisted position mooring (PM) systems. Such systems use thrusters to control the ship or rig position and heading. In severe weather conditions, thrusters may experience large and rapid changes in the propeller loading due to ventilation and in and out of water effects. To reduce the negative effects of this undesired dynamic loading on the mechanical components and the electrical power plant, the thruster controllers can locally compensate for the disturbances. To be able to design and verify such controllers, a model of the losses is needed. In this paper, experiments with ventilating controllable pitch propellers are presented. The results are used to develop a ventilation model for use in simulations. The model is verified by comparing simulations with time series from experiments. Scaling laws for ventilating propellers are also discussed.

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Harvie-Clark, Jack, Anthony Chilton, Nick Conlan, and David Trew. "Assessing noise with provisions for ventilation and overheating in dwellings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418824232.

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In the design of residential developments, it has been common practice for façade sound insulation (to protect against outdoor noise) to be considered separately from the provisions for ventilation and for mitigating overheating. This fragmented approach has led to different designers making different, incompatible assumptions about the internal environmental quality conditions: the acoustic designer assumes that windows are closed to control external noise ingress, while the mechanical designer assumes that windows are open for ventilation or mitigating overheating. This leaves occupants with a choice between reasonable noise levels or thermal comfort, but not both. This problem is exacerbated by increased overheating risk in modern buildings and future climate scenarios. In response to this issue, the Association of Noise Consultants has produced the draft Acoustics Ventilation and Overheating Residential Design Guide – the ‘AVO Guide’. The AVO guide recommends an approach to acoustic assessment that takes regard of the interdependence of provisions for external noise ingress, ventilation and overheating. This paper describes the context, background and content of the AVO Guide. There are references to passive attenuated options for ventilative cooling to help designers avoid simply specifying mechanical cooling. Practical application: This paper is entirely focused on the practical application of the guidance in the Association of Noise Consultants’ Acoustics, Ventilation and Overheating Residential Design Guide. It describes the current practical problem that designers face, and the mistakes that are the common practice across the industry, of failing to integrate the design for noise with the ventilation strategy and provisions for overheating. It outlines how this can be achieved to enable better internal environmental quality conditions for occupants, supported by the current English Planning regime and professional good practice guidance available.

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Jansen, J. R., E. Hoorn, J. Van Goudoever, and A. Versprille. "A computerized respiratory system including test functions of lung and circulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 1687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.4.1687.

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The design of a microcomputer-controlled ventilator for automatic performance of lung function and circulatory tests has been described. It incorporates the characteristics of normal mechanical ventilation and also allows one to perform a multitude of test procedures for lung function and circulatory studies in paralyzed animals. The major components of the setup are a pump assembly with solenoid valves to direct gas flow, an electromechanical servo system, and a MS-DOS microcomputer system. The pump assembly has been constructed as a relatively simple device. Great versatility is created by the use of a microcomputer for the control of the ventilator. The software can be easily adapted to several other types of experimental studies. Besides the keyboard input the ventilator can be controlled by a remote computer system. This allows one to run an experimental protocol automatically and to use it in closed-loop servo ventilation. The flexibility in the choice of the respiratory parameters makes the ventilator suitable for lung function and circulatory studies during artificial ventilation. The ventilator has been successfully used in different animal studies during the last 6 yr.

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Chai, Lunlei, Xing Wang, Xingbo Han, Yongxu Xia, Yongdong Wang, and Ping Lei. "Optimization Method for Twin-Tunnel Complementary Ventilation Design and Its Energy Saving Effect." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (May 22, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6301041.

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Based on the compensation principle and optimization theory, an energy conservation optimization mode for twin-tunnels complementary ventilation design was proposed. And, compensation concept utilization in energy conservation of long tunnels ventilation was discussed. The energy consumption for long tunnels can be reduced significantly by remoulding longitudinal ventilation to complementary ventilation of single U-type mode or normal mode. The short-term and long-term ventilation systems of the Qingniling Tunnel, Dabieshan Tunnel, and Lianghekou Tunnel were redesigned using the optimization method, and the new scheme was compared to the original design in terms of ventilation effects, and energy consumption. In redesign, the energy consumption of short-term ventilation systems decreased 240 kW, 150 kW, and 390 kW, and energy efficiency increased by 40%, 50%, and 68.4%, respectively. In the long term, the numbers of those were 1185 kW, 1185kW, and 540 kW, and 42.5%, 58.09%, and 45%, while the pollutants concentration increased a little. The study can provide a reference for the energy efficient design of ventilation systems in long and extra-long highway tunnels.

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Mao, Jin Feng, Yu Liang Huang, Jun Zhou, and Zhe Li Xing. "Energy-Saving and Economic Study of Natural Ventilation in City Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.92.

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City highway tunnel ventilation design is one of the key processes in whole tunnel design. The ventilation design has important influence in ventilation sanitation effect, equipment investment, operations energy consumption and operations cost. On the premise of safety and sanitation, if city tunnel adopts natural ventilation, this can reduce energy consumption, construction cost and operations cost. Combining practical conditions of a project, this paper evaluated three kinds of mechanical ventilation, and analyzed contrastively economic efficiency of the natural ventilation and the jet longitudinal ventilation. At last drew the conclusion that the natural ventilation can reduce the total investment by 30% and has obvious energy-saving efficiency, then put forward the pertinent suggestions to the ventilation construction of highway tunnel.

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Brown, Karen A., Gianluca Bertolizio, Marisa Leone, Steven L. Dain, and David S. Warner. "Home Noninvasive Ventilation." Anesthesiology 117, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318263bccc.

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Treatment of chronic respiratory failure with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is standard pediatric practice, and NIV systems are commonly used in the home setting. Although practice guidelines on the perioperative management of children supported with home NIV systems have yet to be published, increasingly these patients are referred for consultation regarding perioperative management. Just as knowledge of pharmacology underlies the safe prescription of medication, so too knowledge of biomedical design is necessary for the safe prescription of NIV therapy. The medical device design requirements developed by the Organization for International Standardization provide a framework to rationalize the safe prescription of NIV for hospitalized patients supported at home with NIV systems. This review article provides an overview of the indications for home NIV therapy, an overview of the medical devices currently available to deliver it, and a specific discussion of the management conundrums confronting anesthesiologists.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ventilation design'

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