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Journal articles on the topic 'Ventilation – Design and construction'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Galbraith, G. H., R. C. McLean, and S. V. Emsfie. "Estimation of design ventilation rates for buildings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 15, no. 4 (November 1994): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449401500402.

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2

Vartanov, Alexander, Irina Markova, and Anatoly Fedash. "On the optimization of the construction of ventilation systems during the construction of metro by underground method." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 05028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926505028.

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The article discusses optimal versions for placement of ventilation systems for deep-laid underground lines, performed in a closed way, with the removal of the ventilation chamber from the ventilation output and placing it either in the ventilation shaft or in a specially constructed ventilation chamber located near the trunk, which significantly simplifies the design of excavation, and as a result, speed up its construction. To reduce the construction time, it is proposed to perform parallel work on the vent development and the ventilation chamber, including the possible installation of process equipment in parallel with the mining operations during the construction of the metro by the underground method.

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3

Mao, Jin Feng, Yu Liang Huang, Jun Zhou, and Zhe Li Xing. "Energy-Saving and Economic Study of Natural Ventilation in City Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.92.

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City highway tunnel ventilation design is one of the key processes in whole tunnel design. The ventilation design has important influence in ventilation sanitation effect, equipment investment, operations energy consumption and operations cost. On the premise of safety and sanitation, if city tunnel adopts natural ventilation, this can reduce energy consumption, construction cost and operations cost. Combining practical conditions of a project, this paper evaluated three kinds of mechanical ventilation, and analyzed contrastively economic efficiency of the natural ventilation and the jet longitudinal ventilation. At last drew the conclusion that the natural ventilation can reduce the total investment by 30% and has obvious energy-saving efficiency, then put forward the pertinent suggestions to the ventilation construction of highway tunnel.

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4

Harvie-Clark, Jack, Anthony Chilton, Nick Conlan, and David Trew. "Assessing noise with provisions for ventilation and overheating in dwellings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418824232.

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In the design of residential developments, it has been common practice for façade sound insulation (to protect against outdoor noise) to be considered separately from the provisions for ventilation and for mitigating overheating. This fragmented approach has led to different designers making different, incompatible assumptions about the internal environmental quality conditions: the acoustic designer assumes that windows are closed to control external noise ingress, while the mechanical designer assumes that windows are open for ventilation or mitigating overheating. This leaves occupants with a choice between reasonable noise levels or thermal comfort, but not both. This problem is exacerbated by increased overheating risk in modern buildings and future climate scenarios. In response to this issue, the Association of Noise Consultants has produced the draft Acoustics Ventilation and Overheating Residential Design Guide – the ‘AVO Guide’. The AVO guide recommends an approach to acoustic assessment that takes regard of the interdependence of provisions for external noise ingress, ventilation and overheating. This paper describes the context, background and content of the AVO Guide. There are references to passive attenuated options for ventilative cooling to help designers avoid simply specifying mechanical cooling. Practical application: This paper is entirely focused on the practical application of the guidance in the Association of Noise Consultants’ Acoustics, Ventilation and Overheating Residential Design Guide. It describes the current practical problem that designers face, and the mistakes that are the common practice across the industry, of failing to integrate the design for noise with the ventilation strategy and provisions for overheating. It outlines how this can be achieved to enable better internal environmental quality conditions for occupants, supported by the current English Planning regime and professional good practice guidance available.

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5

Zhengbo, Dong, Cai Shuang, Hu Juyi, and Cheng Liang. "Study on ventilation scheme and application during construction of high altitude gas tunnel." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 03052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124803052.

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It is the key and difficult point to ensure the safety of tunnel construction by ventilation in high gas tunnel construction in high altitude and cold area. Taking ning-chan high gas tunnel as the research object, the ventilation of the tunnel is calculated, the ventilation parameters are optimized, the ventilation equipment is selected according to the calculation results, the location of the ventilation equipment is optimized, and the reasonable construction ventilation scheme is determined. The results show that through the design of the above ventilation scheme and the control of the site, it can not only ensure the ventilation demand of the super long and high gas tunnel construction in the high cold and high altitude area, but also ensure the tunnel construction in winter, and effectively save the construction ventilation cost.

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6

Aldawoud, Abdelsalam. "Windows design for maximum cross-ventilation in buildings." Advances in Building Energy Research 11, no. 1 (February 2, 2016): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2016.1138140.

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7

Khan, Mohammed Rajik, and Atul Sonawane. "Prediction of impact response in construction safety helmet using FEA." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 3 (October 12, 2019): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-05-2019-0120.

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Purpose This paper aims to present 3D finite element (FE) simulations of impact loading on a construction safety helmet over a headform to improve the ventilation slots profile in helmet design. Design/methodology/approach Impact response on headforms in three different studies considering ventilation slots of varied profiles and dimensions in helmets with rectangular elliptical and circular slots is compared and analysed. Head injury criteria (HIC) and safety regulations from past literature have been considered to evaluate the impact responses. Findings Simulation results show that a helmet with rectangular ventilation slots achieves a lowest peak impact force of 5941.3 N for a slot area of 170 mm2 as compared to elliptical and circular slots. Research limitations/implications Ventilation slots of simple geometry (rectangular, elliptical and circular) have been considered in this work. Other/complex geometry slots can also be chosen to predict its effect during impact response on a helmet–headform model. Biofidelic head–neck FE model can be developed to achieve precise results. Practical implications The presented work gives a clear idea to design engineers for the selection of ventilation slot profiles to design a construction safety helmet. Social implications Construction safety (CS) helmets are used to reduce injuries on heads of workers at construction sites in the event of free-falling objects. Rectangular ventilation slots in CS helmets as suggested in the work may reduce the risk of injury. Originality/value Results are found in good agreement with the past numerical simulation of impact response on a construction safety helmet over a validated biofidelic head FE model.

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8

Crawley, Jenny, Jez Wingfield, and Cliff Elwell. "The relationship between airtightness and ventilation in new UK dwellings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 3 (December 22, 2018): 274–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418822199.

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The UK’s Air Tightness Testing and Measurement Association competent persons scheme collects pressure test data and metadata from the majority of new build dwellings in the UK. This article uses the dataset to investigate the importance of the ventilation strategy in airtightness design and construction. Design and measured airtightness were tested for association with declared ventilation strategy. It was found that ventilation strategy makes a statistically significant difference to airtightness; however, this difference is too small to be practically relevant. Properties with mechanical ventilation and heat recovery (MVHR) were shown to have a mean designed air permeability only 0.46 m3/m2h lower than naturally ventilated dwellings. Seventy-three per cent of homes with MVHR have design airtightness greater than or equal to 5 m3/m2h and 17% of naturally ventilated dwellings have design airtightness less than 5 m3/m2h. We discuss how current design is not maximising the CO2, cost and air quality benefit of each ventilation strategy. A new approach to regulatory compliance is proposed, which explicitly links the designed airtightness and chosen ventilation system. It is suggested that compliance could then be achieved using a set of airtightness ranges linked to appropriate ventilation strategies. This could be expected to result in reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions for new build homes compared to the current approach and would also potentially lead to better outcomes for occupants in terms of indoor air quality. Practical application: Analysis of a large database of the airtightness of new UK dwellings found that ventilation strategy makes very little difference to airtightness design. For dwellings with MVHR, the results suggest that infiltration levels are too high to maximise the energy savings; for naturally ventilated homes, there may be air quality issues. Coupling airtightness design and ventilation strategy can reduce a dwelling’s energy demand and can support achieving the required energy performance rating.

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9

Xin, Tong Sheng, and Jian Jun Liu. "Application of Stack Ventilation in Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 5103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.5103.

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Stack ventilation represents a natural ventilation solution commonly employed in construction engineering. The paper discusses with abundant examples the working theory, conditions, methodology and architectural design of stack ventilation.

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10

Simons, M. W., and J. R. Waters. "Local ventilation effectiveness parameters in air distribution system design." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 19, no. 3 (August 1998): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449801900304.

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11

Yik, F. WH, T. Y. Lo, and J. Burnett. "Wind data for natural ventilation design in Hong Kong." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 24, no. 2 (May 2003): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0143624403bt060tn.

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12

Ju, Fa-Li, Qinrong Sun, Changlei Hou, Xue Huang, Xiaoping Yu, and Liying Liu. "Test and analysis of air flow rate adaptive performance in a distributed fan ventilation system." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 42, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624420986000.

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In this study, adaptive branch fan performance in a distributed fan ventilation system was tested. The results demonstrate that the adaptive branch fan stabilises the branch air flow rate within a certain air pressure range corresponding to the branch duct inlet, and this range becomes increasingly narrow as the fan control signal is adjusted to reduce the speed of the fan. The adaptive branch fan is less affected by the main fan and other branch fans in the distributed fan ventilation system because it has a good self-adaptive ability of ventilation duct resistance characteristics and anti-interference ability of the air flow rate. Furthermore, the hydraulic characteristics of the branch fans in the distributed fan ventilation system were analysed. The new performance characterisation parameters and method for modifying the engineering design for the adaptive branch fan were presented. Practical application: This study investigates the adaptive performance of the branch fan in a distributed fan ventilation system. Our results demonstrate that the new branch fan can stabilise the air flow rate in a mechanical ventilation system. More importantly, we not only propose performance characterisation parameters of the adaptive branch fan that are important for understanding the operation of a mechanical ventilation system, but also present a method of engineering design application. This study can guide the design and operation of mechanical ventilation systems.

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13

Carey, P. S., and D. W. Etheridge. "Direct wind tunnel modelling of natural ventilation for design purposes." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 20, no. 3 (August 1999): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449902000305.

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14

Ohba, Masaaki, and Isaac Lun. "Overview of natural cross-ventilation studies and the latest simulation design tools used in building ventilation-related research." Advances in Building Energy Research 4, no. 1 (January 2010): 127–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/aber.2009.0405.

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15

Voznyak, Orest, Yuriy Yurkevych, Oleksandr Dovbush, and Khrystyna Myroniuk. "GRAPHIC-ANALYTICAL METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF PATTERNS OF VENTILATION FITTINGS." Theory and Building Practice 2021, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.01.120.

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The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental developments regarding the marking of scans and patterns of fittings of the ventilation system, provided that the unification of installation and procurement work. The aim of the work is to create a graph-analytical method to unify the construction of patterns of ventilation fittings, in particular in the design and manufacture of adapters of different shapes and sizes; increasing the efficiency of procurement work for the installation of ventilation systems in production facilities by minimizing material waste during their manufacture, and reducing the material consumption of products. The application of the proposed graphic-analytical method will increase the efficiency of procurement and installation work and thus reduce the amount of waste and material consumption for the manufacture of ventilation fittings for various purposes.

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16

Zhang, Jiawen. "Design and Technical Analysis of HVAC Ventilation System in Green Building." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 03039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126103039.

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In recent years, the construction industry has developed rapidly, and there are more and more urban construction projects. The corresponding design requirements for HVAC systems are also getting higher and higher. HVAC has been widely used in all kinds of buildings. While providing convenience for people, environmental pollution has gradually become a topic of concern for people. Therefore, when designing the HVAC system, HVAC not only meets the needs of customers, but also uses green energy saving technology to reduce energy consumption as far as possible. Reduce environmental pollution, so that the HVAC ventilation system of tall buildings can be in a stable and efficient operation state. Improve the operation effect of air conditioning, while reducing energy consumption.

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17

Feng, Wei, and Hui Min Li. "Study on the Integrated Design of Underground Construction Lighting and Ventilation System." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.702.

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In the underground building, Light environment and thermal environment is poorer, in order to improve the problem, this paper brings forward a new type of lighting and ventilation system model; discusses the principle and characteristics of transmission; and analyses the question that influences lighting and ventilated effect in the application. Structure design and numerical simulation is the focus of the next step.

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18

Chow, W. K. "Ventilation design: Use of computational fluid dynamics as a study tool." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 16, no. 2 (May 1995): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449501600201.

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19

Ren, Mei J., Geoff Levermore, and Nick Doylend. "The impact of new CIBSE weather data on natural ventilation design." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 24, no. 2 (May 2003): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0143624403bt066oa.

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20

Yao, R., K. Steemers, and N. Baker. "Strategic design and analysis method of natural ventilation for summer cooling." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 26, no. 4 (November 2005): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0143624405bt139oa.

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21

Frey, Craig A., Scott L. Danielson, and Douglas M. Slakey. "Glenwood Canyon Tunnel Aesthetic Design." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1549, no. 1 (January 1996): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154900108.

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As a growing and increasingly mobile population demands the construction of new transportation facilities, often in environmentally sensitive areas, the significance of quality transportation aesthetics cannot be overemphasized. Given the associated costs, impact, and permanence of these facilities, it is imperative that citizen advisory groups, public agencies, and design professionals work together in striving to improve the design and construction of transportation facilities. The Glenwood Canyon Tunnel in western Colorado is testimonial to the successful corroboration of these groups. Designed by Parsons Brinckerhoff and completed in 1993, the Glenwood Canyon Tunnel transports Interstate 70 traffic through one of the most scenic areas in the United States while preserving its natural features, vistas, and associated recreational opportunities. Architectural aesthetics and environmental concerns were driving forces in the design of the tunnel, in addition to life safety, tunnel ventilation, and surveillance. This study elaborates on the emphasis given to aesthetics and environmental concerns in the design of the tunnel, the Shoshone and amphitheater portals, and the Cinnamon Creek ventilation and control complex, as well as on the coordinated efforts of all those involved in making the Glenwood Canyon Tunnel state of the art and an aesthetically pleasing reality that has gained recognition throughout the United States.

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22

Ju, Fa-Li, Liying Liu, and Xiaoping Yu. "An analytical study to evaluate the impact of distributed zone fans on the air flow rate in a mechanical ventilation system." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 4 (September 5, 2019): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419873761.

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Based on air flow rate testing of each branch fan in a distributed fan ventilation system under different branch air duct inlet static pressures, the conclusion can be drawn that there is a branch fan air flow rate deviation phenomenon. The air flow rate of the branch fan increases with the branch air duct inlet static pressure at the same branch fan speed, and the branch fan hinders the air flow rate in some cases. In this study, a theoretical expression of the deviation of the branch air duct design air flow rate was established, and the influencing factors of the deviation were determined to include the branch air duct resistance characteristics, branch fan performance, and branch air duct inlet pressure ratio. A graphic analytical method for determining the deviation of the branch fan design air flow rate was also proposed. Both methods can provide a theoretical basis for calculating and analysing the deviation of the branch fan design air flow rate in a distributed fan ventilation system. Practical application: This paper provides new data on the performance of a distributed fan ventilation system. Our results could be used to evaluate the impact of distributed zone fans on the air flow rate in a mechanical ventilation system. Crucially, we not only propose two types of methods that can be applied to predict deviations of the air flow rate in a distributed fan ventilation system caused by the branch air duct inlet static pressures but also obtain the factors that are important for understanding the true impact of the deviation of the branch fan air flow rate. This study lays an important foundation for the design and operation of building mechanical ventilation systems.

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23

Cook, Jeffrey, and Tanis Hinchcliffe. "Delivering the well-tempered institution of 1873." Architectural Research Quarterly 2, no. 1 (1996): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500001111.

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The Museum of Natural History, London, typified the state of environmental service design in large public buildings when construction started in 1873, as described in an earlier paper in arq, vol. 2. Its exemplary systems included both ventilation with heating and the architect's use of towers, especially the novel multi-sleeved versions which he described as ‘thermosyphonic’, as ventilation exhausts. This paper describes how, both in critical design decisions during construction and in physical adjustments made after its occupation in 1881, the Museum reveals both contemporary practices and the professional skills of its architect and engineer.

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24

Pan, Ying, Xiao Feng Zhao, and Zhan Chang Yang. "Analysis of Design Strategy of Regional Green Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.97.

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For developing regional green building, it is very important to absorb the traditional architectural conception of energy conservation. Based on this, this article discusses a series of regional green building design strategies focusing on four aspects. First is responding to regional material, includes making use of local materials, modern renewal of traditional material, reuse of waste materials. Second is responding to regional natural climate, includes “closed insulation + solar energy use”, "ventilation + sunshade", "active ventilation + shade + activities insulation" and active utilization strategy. Third is responding to terrain elements, includes minimum of terrain environment damage and reduction of earthwork volume. Last is responding to regional culture, including expression of traditional materials, restructuring of traditional construction, modern interpretation of traditional regional.

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25

Allocca, Camille, Qingyan Chen, and Leon R. Glicksman. "Design analysis of single-sided natural ventilation." Energy and Buildings 35, no. 8 (September 2003): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(02)00239-6.

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26

Bhoyar, Ankit D. "Design Construction and Performance Test of a Low-Cost Pandemic Ventilator for Breathing Support." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37771.

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Abstract: Mass casualty incidents such as those that are being experienced during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic can overwhelm local healthcare systems, where the number of casualties exceeds local resources and capabilities in a short period of time. The introduction of patients with worsening lung function as a result of COVID-19 has strained traditional ventilator supplies. Mechanical ventilator is a medical device which is usually utilized to ventilate patients who cannot breathe adequately on their own. Among many types of ventilators Bag Valve Mask (BVM) is a manual ventilator in which a bag is pressed to deliver air into the lungs of the patient. In present work, a mechanical system along with speed controller has been developed to automate the operation of BVM. The constructed prototype contains crank, powered by servo motor, supported by wooden frame. To bridge the gap during ventilator shortages and to help clinicians triage patients, manual resuscitator devices can be used to deliver respirations to a patient requiring breathing support. With principal dimensions of 0.54*0.64 m2 , bvm weighs 0.9 kg and DC power convertor for supplying power for a continuous operation, the prototype can be moved easily. The dimensions of the frame are selected as such to be compatible with the physical dimension of Ambu bag. The performance of the device was tested using Airflow meter which illustrates that the Tidal Volume vs. Time graph of the automated system is similar to the graph produced by manual operation of the BVM, but with a mean deviation of 0.182 Litres with manual operation and 0.1 Litres with prototype. For patients who require ventilatory support, manual ventilation is a vital procedure. It has to be performed by experienced healthcare providers that are regularly trained for the use of bag-valve-mask (BVM) in emergency situations. Keywords: Mechanical Ventilator, Automated BVM, BPM, COVID-19, Ventilator design, Airflow meter

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27

He, You, Zhi Ping Zhao, and Cun Juan Fan. "Optimization Design of a New Type of Insulation Structure." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.346.

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Because of the relatively small number of the subtropical region building energy research, resulting in the construction of energy-saving measures in the area of building energy method is mainly imitate other regions. The building energy efficiency should be appropriate. And the crucial of the building energy efficiency in subtropical region is heat insulation processing. This paper presents the idea of a subtropical region suitable for natural ventilation insulated exterior wall structure. A new kind of suitable natural ventilation and heat insulation building structure for exterior wall in hot summer and warm winter area is proposed in this paper, which thermal properties is calculated by Maple software. And this paper demonstrates that this kind of structure is the feasibility of the structure. The result of the comparison of thermal properties of different insulating structure by using the finite difference method for unsteady heat conduction calculation presents that the insulation performance of the buildings which have the natural ventilation and heat insulation structure is better than the ones without this ventilation. In the end of paper, the authors descript the hope that this kind of structure will be further research and analysis.

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28

Wang, Hai Yun, and Jing Shi. "Passive Cooling Method of Architecture Design in Shenzhen." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.268.

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In this essay, the cooling method design was discussed from the perspective of architecture design using passive design based on the climate and geological environment of Shenzhen city. It concluded that shading and natural ventilation should be the major cooling method for this area, and design recommendations were put forward based on analysis from the perspective of plan layout, shape design, space form and detailed construction design.

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29

Lin, Yi, and Yan Fei. "Energy-Efficient Curtain Wall Design for Super High Rise Building — A Case Study on Curtain Wall Design of Guangzhou Fortune Plaza." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.94.

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Taking the curtain wall design of Guangzhou Fortune Plaza, a high-rise in Guangzhou, as example, this paper discusses the technical approach for improving energy-efficient performance of curtain wall in terms of energy-efficient glass selection, the design of external sun-shading elements and the construction detail that can facilitate the natural ventilation, so as to enhance acclimatization of curtain wall in Lingnan Area

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30

Martins, Nuno R., and Guilherme Carrilho da Graça. "Validation of numerical simulation tools for wind-driven natural ventilation design." Building Simulation 9, no. 1 (September 11, 2015): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12273-015-0251-6.

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31

Ji, Yingchun, Will Swan, Richard Fitton, and Terrence Fernando. "Assessing the requirements from ‘BB101’ 2006 and 2018 for a naturally ventilated preparatory school in the UK." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 5 (November 26, 2018): 638–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418815785.

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In the UK, BB101 is the guidance document for ventilation design of school buildings. There are significant changes proposed in the new version of BB101. The aim of this paper is to examine the requirements of thermal comfort and CO2-based indoor air quality using both versions on a typical naturally ventilated preparatory school design using dynamic thermal simulations. The findings indicate that the new set of requirements on this school building design (both thermal and CO2 concentration) are much more difficult to meet than the requirements from the old version. One of the new thermal comfort criteria may be too difficult to achieve in practice, as the target value was exceeded for all the rooms of the examined design, using both test reference year and design summer year weather data. The ventilation provision for the school design is believed to be adequate. With appropriate ventilation control strategies, the design is able to meet the revised CO2 concentration criteria. Further examinations of the criteria from the new guidance document are needed to make sure the chosen criteria are fit for purpose. The use of future projected design summer year weather data (2020) also adds extra challenges for the preparatory school building to meet the newly proposed adaptive thermal comfort criteria. Practical applications: The research presents a very first assessment of a preparatory school building design using the newly proposed BB101 guidance document. It will assist further exploration on the appropriateness of the new assessment criteria and the use of design summer year weather data in order to explore the implications of the new BB101 guidelines for designers. The method adopted in the research can also be used for other building types to assess overheating in buildings when adaptive comfort criteria are recommended.

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32

Perera, M. D. A. E. S., A. V. Gilham, and T. D. J. Clements-Croome. "Natural ventilation in the United Kingdom: Design issues for commercial and public buildings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 17, no. 1 (February 1996): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362449601700101.

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33

Yin, Jing. "Atrium Fire-Proof Design in Ecological Strategy Taking the Library of Shandong Jiaotong University as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 1028 (September 2014): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1028.292.

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In China the development pace of green building is becoming more and more fast. But there are many technical problems during the green building construction. The Library of Shandong Jiaotong University is the first case of green library building in China. The ecological implementation in the atrium is one of the important ecological strategies of the Library. While construction we encountered more technical problems, especially the contradiction between the natural ventilation, natural lighting and fire safety. In this article based on the atrium technology design of the green building and combined the practice of the atrium some strategies realizing natural lighting, natural ventilation in the fire safety, applicable, economy and art.are summarized in detail. It is the aim to give some references and to promote the green building implementation.

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34

Alwetaishi, Mamdooh, Omrane Benjeddou, Ashraf Balabel, and Ali Alzaed. "Can Underground Buildings Be Beneficial in Hot Regions? An Investigation of Field Measurements in On-Site Built Underground Construction." Buildings 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080341.

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Globally, there has been a remarkable growth in the number of underground constructions (UGC) such as railways, offices, hospitals and shopping malls. This expansion is a result of urban area extensions that are limited by the availability of buildable land. Underground construction can also be used to protect people from the harshness of the outdoor conditions. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of underground construction in hot regions. The major issue with most of the current UGC is the lack of natural ventilation and daylight. This has a clear negative impact on the user’s perception and comfort. The new design elevates the external walls to place some of the windows above ground for the purpose of natural ventilation and providing a view. The study conducted an experiment using an underground room enhanced with field measurements to ascertain the indoor temperature as well as relative humidity. In addition, the study used an energy simulation to calculate building heat transfer and solar heat gain. It was revealed that the use of UGC in hot regions promoted with the addition of natural ventilation can lower the indoor temperature by 3 °C in summer.

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35

Mushtaha, Emad S., Taro Mori, and Enai Masamichi. "The Impact of Passive Design on Building Thermal Performance in Hot and Dry Climate." Open House International 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2012-b0009.

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Several calls have been everywhere asking for proper use of passive design tools like shading devices, insulation, natural ventilation and solar panels in building architecture of hot-dry area in order to improve the thermal performance of indoor spaces. This paper examines the effect of these passive tools on indoor thermal performance which in turn helps arrange thermal priorities properly. Herein, basic principles of Successive Integration Method (SIM) have been utilized for an integrated design of two floors with small openings integrated with floor cooling, solar panels, natural ventilation, shading devices, and insulation. As a result, create priorities of passive tools that are structured consequently for ventilation, insulation, solar panels, and shading devices. This structure could guide designers and builders to set their priorities for the new development of building construction.

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Short, C. Alan, and Sura Al-Maiyah. "Design strategy for low-energy ventilation and cooling of hospitals." Building Research & Information 37, no. 3 (May 6, 2009): 264–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613210902885156.

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Farfán, Ricardo Fabricio Muñoz, Telly Yarita Macías Zambrano, Fausto Roberto Andrade Badillo, and Adrián Adalberto Hernández Solís. "Design and construction of an industrial ship conditioning system." International journal of physical sciences and engineering 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijpse.v4n1.423.

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This project is based on the design and construction of an industrial air conditioning system for the improvement of the working thermal comfort of workers that for various reasons there is the trend of the increase in body temperature are these by machines, equipment or the same work activities, which affects the productive performance and possible health risks. During development, the selection of mechanical equipment such as the fan, water pump, ventilation transport ducts is studied with high rates of energy efficiency. In the light of the above, the environmental economic partner alternative is chosen to implement the evaporative conditioning system, conducive to working in open places to lower the temperature by labor and technology installed in the production areas, as well as the extraction of fumes derived from production processes. The importance of the evaporative conditioning system is to derive the appropriate mechanisms to take advantage of the surface heat transfer of a panel and copper and aluminum coil using water, and thus take advantage of its temperature differential reaching 25oC, with an average humidity of 66% and energy consumption of 0.29 KW/h.

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Straková, Zuzana, Jozef Vojtaššák, Peter Beňovský, and Daniela Koudelková. "CFD Simulations – Efficient Tool for Designers of Industrial HVAC Applications." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.13830.

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The aim of this study is to design industrial ventilation in the production hall. With respect to the many parameters which influence the appropriate proposal of industrial ventilation that need to be considered, there is a good chance for miscalculations when design the industrial ventilation. Especially when the heat loads from technology threaten the stability of construction of the building. There are two different ways of solution of aeration in the aluminium plant. There is only a natural ventilation using outside air in case of melting of aluminium and an adiabatic cooling for air inlet combined with natural ventilation. The results and practice has shown, that to use only an outside air is not sufficient and the temperature in the hall is really very high. Adiabatic cooling decreases the air inlet temperature in the production hall and improves the working conditions. A thermovision mapping of the technology was used prior to start the CFD modelling. The simulation emphasize the important effect of design and location of different elements on the functionality of ventilation proposal.

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Patil, Rajendra K. "A Cost Effective and Efficient Storm Water Gutter and a Novel Honeycomb Wall Using Pre-Cast Elements." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.851.

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This paper discusses two innovative designs involving pre-cast concrete elements.The first design, described in Section 1, is of storm water gutters assembled from pre-cast elements that reduce construction time and total cost. Simple and optimum interlocking elements used to build these gutters permit ease of stacking and transport of elements, quick assembly, and possibility of dismantling the gutters if and when necessary. The bottomless design lets water seep into the ground to achieve water harvesting. A table of comparison of the present design with state of the art pre-cast and masonry gutters clearly shows the advantage of the former on many accounts.The second design, described in Section 2, is of a pre-cast slotted block as a unit for constructing cost effective honeycomb walls that provide ventilation and light yet resisting entry of rain water.

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Lapidus, Azarij, Vadim Fedoseev, Alexander Sokolov, Julia Ostryakova, and Vladimir Voronov. "Organizational and technological aspects of the design and construction of heat supply systems based on heat pumps in low-rise construction." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126302025.

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There are most of the energy`s costs are accounted for by heating and hot water supply in communal housing conditions. Every day there is a growing need for the development and development of alternative options for energy generation technology. In the field of alternative energy, the most popular solution is a heat supply system based on air heat pumps (HP). Construction and installation work is simplified for integrated heat pump systems, but the question of the organization of design for these devices remains not fully resolved. The purpose of the work is to study the features and patterns of design and construction works with heat pump systems built into the premises in the field of low-rise construction and to develop measures to reduce the time and cost of such works. Heat engineering calculations for integrated heat pump systems that take into account climatic features, architectural and construction elements and parameters of engineering networks of the construction object, increase the complexity, cost and duration of design work. The research methods used are the analysis of the entire design process and in particular the section “heating and ventilation”, further modeling through network planning of the design process and comparison of the obtained data. The results of the study are calendar schedules of the design process of integrated heat pump systems on the example of a cottage structure with an area of 150 m2. For further analysis, the parameters of the time reserves of the working processes of the obtained network graphs are calculated. The section of heating, ventilation and heat supply (S) for integrated heat pump systems of heat supply is compared with the classical one, where the heat generator is an electric boiler. As a result of the study, a scheme for organizing design work is proposed, which allows you to plan the design of the section S without affecting the overall terms of execution of project documentation and the growth of its cost.

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De Souza, Euler, and Kyle Penner. "Ventilation design, construction, and commissioning to meet production expansion requirements in a potash mine." CIM Journal 11, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19236026.2020.1783132.

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Hodgson, Murray, and Alireza Khaleghi. "Factors Affecting Ventilation and Acoustical Quality in a Sustainably-Designed and in Conventional Buildings — A Pilot Study." Building Acoustics 19, no. 4 (December 2012): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1351-010x.19.4.313.

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This paper discusses a pilot study involving direct monitoring of airflow and acoustical quality in a sustainably-designed and in conventional buildings. The objectives were to measure these environmental aspects, determine the factors affecting them and the relationships between them and key building-design concepts, and consider the implications of the results for ventilation-system design. Selected rooms in buildings with natural and mechanical ventilation, without and with acoustical treatment, were monitored. Measurements were made of airflow rates and acoustical quality. Correlations between these environmental aspects, the types of building and ventilation system, and the building window status were investigated. In rooms with natural ventilation, noise levels were lower; however, the rooms had lower airflow rates. Rooms with mechanical ventilation had higher airflow rates, but noise levels were higher; HVAC noise was a problem if the system was not well designed. In naturally-ventilated buildings, airflow rates and noise levels were low with windows closed, but opening the windows to increase the airflow rate resulted in higher noise levels. The results of the study suggest that the acceptability of indoor environments in buildings depends on the degree of compliance of the design and its implementation with standards and design guidelines, whether the original design is ‘sustainable’ or not.

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Stefopoulos, E. K., and D. G. Damigos. "Design of emergency ventilation system for an underground storage facility." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 22, no. 3 (May 2007): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2006.07.002.

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Yang, Caiqing, Xudong Yang, Tengfang Xu, Luchun Sun, and Wei Gong. "Optimization of bathroom ventilation design for an ISO Class 5 clean ward." Building Simulation 2, no. 2 (June 2009): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12273-009-9310-1.

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Lowe, Robert J., Gesche M. Huebner, and Tadj Oreszczyn. "Possible future impacts of elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 on human cognitive performance and on the design and operation of ventilation systems in buildings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 6 (July 20, 2018): 698–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418790129.

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This paper brings together a rapid evidence assessment of impacts of elevated CO2 concentrations on human cognition with IPCC projections of atmospheric CO2 concentration by the end of the present century, and an analysis of potential consequences of increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations for ventilation systems in buildings and other enclosed spaces. Whilst only limited research has been done on the effect of CO2 on cognition (as opposed to air quality in general), half of the studies reviewed indicate that human cognitive performance declines with increasing CO2 concentrations. Hence, given the likelihood of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration by the end of the 21st century, direct impacts of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on human cognitive performance may be unavoidable. Attempts to minimise these direct impacts are likely to result in significant indirect impacts on the engineering of ventilation systems and associated energy use in all enclosed spaces including buildings and transport systems. Practical application: This paper concerns what may well be one of the most important long-term drivers of the design, management, operation and regulation of ventilation systems over the remainder of the 21st century. It will be relevant to professionals, particularly at senior levels in the building industry.

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Chu, Baeksuk, Dongnam Kim, Daehie Hong, Jooyoung Park, Jin Taek Chung, Jae-Hun Chung, and Tae-Hyung Kim. "GA-based fuzzy controller design for tunnel ventilation systems." Automation in Construction 17, no. 2 (January 2008): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2007.05.011.

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Haoming, Zhou, and Wang Chen. "A Study of Sustainable Techniques in Chinese Traditional Microenvironment Design—Taking Natural Ventilation as an Example." Leonardo 47, no. 3 (June 2014): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00783.

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This paper analyzes the physical, spiritual and cultural mechanisms of the national ventilation techniques in Chinese traditional microenvironment design and points out that traditional ventilation techniques not only include the physical technical means, but also are adept in comprehensively mobilizing other human sensory factors in addition to the sense of touch to create a place that is wholesome, comfortable and spiritually pleasing, thereby reaching a very high spiritual state in the end. This construction outlook uses “heaven and earth as buildings” and “houses as clothes” and the result derived from an environment outlook that features equality between man and nature.

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Melikyan, Zohrab, Siranush Egnatosyan, and Naira Egnatosyan. "Developing of a ventilation system for residential houses with solar air heater." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199706017.

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Ventilation of buildings in winter period, especially in cold climatic conditions, requires rather big quantity of heat for preheating the ventilation fresh air. Consequently, an average low-income family pays a tangible cost for ventilation of apartments. To provide low cost ventilation of houses it is becoming attractive the use of solar energy for preheating the outside fresh air, before its supplying into the house. For this purpose, cheap solar air heaters are needed. To solve this problem a simple and cheap construction of solar air heater was developed, which is the main part of the ventilation system. The system consists of air heating solar collectors, installed on the roof of the house, warm air distribution ductwork, internal air circulation ducts and air-circulating fan. In summer period, the system is used only during nighttime period for circulating outside colder air through the internal space of the house. Such operation allows cooling internal air and as well the constructions of the house. As a result, the house accumulates nighttime natural cold for using it at daytime cooling purposes. Presentation includes the scheme, explanation of operation and method for design of suggested ventilation system. Analysis proved the energy efficiency and cost effectiveness of the new system.

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Zhu, Yan Di, Liao Liao Xi, and Lin Zhang. "Exploration on the Ventilation Design Strategies of Cave Dwelling Construction in Northern Part of Shaanxi Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2574.

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Cave dwelling is a traditional architectural form in the northern part of Shaanxi province. It is the product of local traditional culture and humanistic spirit, and corresponds with the requirements of energy-saving and sustainable development. This paper takes the traditional cave dwelling in the northern part of Shaanxi as the research object, and uses two kinds of methods: the analysis of the literature data and on-the-spot investigation to put forwards the traditional ventilation design strategies of cave dwelling construction in the northern part of Shaanxi province, which aims to explore the new methods of reforming traditional cave dwelling construction.

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Sheard, A. G., and K. Daneshkhah. "The Conceptual Design of High Pressure Reversible Axial Tunnel Ventilation Fans." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2012 (December 11, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/562309.

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Tunnel ventilation fans, classically, must have the ability to both supply and extract air from a tunnel system, with the operator's choice dependent on the tunnel ventilation system's operating mode most appropriate at any given point in time. Consequently, tunnel ventilation fans must incorporate a reversible aerodynamic design which limits the maximum fan pressure rise. This paper presents three high pressure reversible fan concepts. These comprise a two-stage counter rotating fan, a single-stage high speed fan, and a two-stage fan with a single motor and impeller on each end of the motor shaft. The authors consider the relative merits of each concept. The third concept offers the most compact fan, transform, silencer, and damper package size. The authors discuss the mechanical design challenges that occur with a two-stage fan with a single motor and impeller on each end of the motor shaft. They present and consider a selected motor bearing arrangement and casing design for maintainability. Finally, the authors present both prototype fan and full-scale package aerodynamic and acoustic performance, before discussing the challenges presented by high temperature certification in accordance with the requirements of EN 12101-3: 2012.

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