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Journal articles on the topic 'Venom allergy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Grosch, Johannes, Bernadette Eberlein, Sebastian Waldherr, Mariona Pascal, Clara San Bartolomé, Federico De La Roca Pinzón, Michael Dittmar, et al. "Characterization of New Allergens from the Venom of the European Paper Wasp Polistes dominula." Toxins 13, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080559.

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Discriminating Polistes dominula and Vespula spp. venom allergy is of growing importance worldwide, as systemic reactions to either species’ sting can lead to severe outcomes. Administering the correct allergen-specific immunotherapy is therefore a prerequisite to ensure the safety and health of venom-allergic patients. Component-resolved diagnostics of Hymenoptera venom allergy might be improved by adding additional allergens to the diagnostic allergen panel. Therefore, three potential new allergens from P. dominula venom—immune responsive protein 30 (IRP30), vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF C) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)—were cloned, recombinantly produced and biochemically characterized. Sera sIgE titers of Hymenoptera venom-allergic patients were measured in vitro to assess the allergenicity and potential cross-reactivity of the venom proteins. IRP30 and VEGF C were classified as minor allergens, as sensitization rates lay around 20–40%. About 50% of P. dominula venom-allergic patients had measurable sIgE titers directed against PLA2 from P. dominula venom. Interestingly, PLA2 was unable to activate basophils of allergic patients, questioning its role in the context of clinically relevant sensitization. Although the obtained results hint to a questionable benefit of the characterized P. dominula venom proteins for improved diagnosis of venom-allergic patients, they can contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Hymenoptera venoms and to the identification of factors that determine the allergenic potential of proteins.

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2

Engin, Ayse, Fatma B. Oktelik, Aslı Gelincik, Aytul Sin, Betul A. Sin, Berna A. Dursun, Sengul Beyaz, Begum Gorgulu, Esin Cetin, and Gunnur Deniz. "The role of component-resolved diagnosis in Hymenoptera venom allergy in clinical practice." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 42, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2021.42.210024.

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Background: Hymenoptera venom allergy is an immunoglobulin (Ig) E mediated hypersensitivity reaction to Hymenoptera venoms. Obvious identification of the culprit insect that causes the clinical symptoms and, hence, the accurate selection of venom for curative treatment, is of great importance for the effectiveness and safety of venom immunotherapy. Objective: In this study, the contribution of component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) is evaluated in the diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy. Method: Ninety-three patients from four different centers in Turkey were included in the study. Conventional tests, including prick and intradermal skin tests, with commercial venom extracts and serum specific IgE (sIgE) levels for whole venoms were performed. An sIgE analysis for venom allergen components, including rApi m 1, rApi m 2, rApi m 10, rVes v 1, rVes v 5, were evaluated by immunoblotting. Results: In conventional test results, 17 of 35 patients with bee venom allergy were positive to honey bee venom, whereas 18 patients were positive to bee and wasp venoms. In 28 of 35 patients with bee venom allergy, the diagnosis was confirmed with CRD. CRD revealed a sensitivity of 80% in patients with bee venom allergy. According to conventional tests, 7 of 24 patients with vespid venom allergy demonstrated sensitivity only to Vespula species, whereas 17 patients revealed double positivity. The total diagnostic sensitivity of Ves v 1 and Ves v 5 was calculated as 87.5%. Ten of 23 patients with a history of hypersensitivity to both venoms showed double sensitivity with CRD; one patient had cross-reactivity, one patient was found to be sensitive only to bee venom, and, eight patients were sensitive only to Vespula species. Eleven patients had an uncertain history in terms of the culprit insect type and six of them had double sensitivity in CRD. Conclusion: CRD seemed to be more helpful in diagnosing vespid venom allergy than bee venom allergy. It can also discriminate clinically significant sensitizations from irrelevant ones.

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3

Pfender, Nikolai, Ralf Lucassen, Nadine Offermann, Johannes Schulte-Pelkum, Margrit Fooke, and Thilo Jakob. "Evaluation of a Novel Rapid Test System for the Detection of Specific IgE to Hymenoptera Venoms." Journal of Allergy 2012 (February 27, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/862023.

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Background. The Allergy Lateral Flow Assay (ALFA) is a novel rapid assay for the detection of sIgE to allergens. The objective of this study is the evaluation of ALFA for the detection of sIgE to bee venom (BV) and wasp venom (WV) in insect venom allergic patients. Methods. Specific IgE to BV and WV was analyzed by ALFA, ALLERG-O-LIQ, and ImmunoCAP in 80 insect venom allergic patients and 60 control sera. Sensitivity and specificity of ALFA and correlation of ALFA and ImmunoCAP results were calculated. Results. The sensitivity/specificity of ALFA to the diagnosis was 100%/83% for BV and 82%/97% for WV. For insect venom allergic patients, the Spearman correlation coefficient for ALFA versus ImmunoCAP was 0.79 for BV and 0.80 for WV. However, significant differences in the negative control groups were observed. Conclusion. ALFA represents a simple, robust, and reliable tool for the rapid detection of sIgE to insect venoms.

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4

Grosch, Johannes, Christiane Hilger, Maria Beatrice Bilò, Stephanie Kler, Maximilian Schiener, Gunnar Dittmar, François Bernardin, et al. "Shedding Light on the Venom Proteomes of the Allergy-Relevant Hymenoptera Polistes dominula (European Paper Wasp) and Vespula spp. (Yellow Jacket)." Toxins 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050323.

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Allergic reactions to stings of Hymenoptera species can have serious or even fatal consequences. If the identification of the culprit insect is possible, venom-specific immunotherapy effectively cures Hymenoptera venom allergies. Although component-resolved diagnostics has strongly evolved in recent years, the differentiation between allergies to closely related species such as Polistes dominula and Vespula spp. is still challenging. In order to generate the basis for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, this study aims at resolving the venom proteomes (venomes) of these species. The venoms of P. dominula and Vespula spp. (V. germanica, V. vulgaris) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Resulting proteins were characterized regarding their function, localization and biochemical properties. The analyses yielded 157 proteins in Vespula spp. and 100 in P. dominula venom; 48 proteins, including annotated allergens, were found in both samples. In addition to a variety of venom trace molecules, new allergen candidates such as icarapin-like protein and phospholipase A2 were identified. This study elucidates the venomes of closely related allergy-eliciting Hymenoptera species. The data indicates that relying on marker allergens to differentiate between P. dominula and Vespula spp. venom allergy is probably insufficient and that strategies using cross-reactive major allergens could be more promising.

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5

Burzyńska, Marta, and Dorota Piasecka-Kwiatkowska. "A Review of Honeybee Venom Allergens and Allergenicity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168371.

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Honeybee venom is a source of proteins with allergenic properties which can result in in various symptoms, ranging from local reactions through to systematic life-threatening anaphylaxis, or even death. According to the World Allergy Organization (WAO), honeybee venom allergy is one of the most common causes of anaphylaxis. Among the proteins present in honeybee venom, 12 protein fractions were registered by the World Health Organization’s Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee (WHO/IUIS) as allergenic. Most of them are highly immunogenic glycoproteins that cross-react with IgE and, as a consequence, may give false positive results in allergy diagnosis. Allergenic fractions are different in terms of molecular weight and biological activity. Eight of these allergenic fractions have also been identified in honey. This explains frequent adverse reactions after consuming honey in people allergic to venom and sheds new light on the causes of allergic symptoms in some individuals after honey consumption. At the same time, it also indicates the possibility of using honey as a natural source of allergen in specific immunotherapy.

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6

Matysiak, Joanna, Eliza Matuszewska, Kacper Packi, and Agnieszka Klupczyńska-Gabryszak. "Diagnosis of Hymenoptera Venom Allergy: State of the Art, Challenges, and Perspectives." Biomedicines 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 2170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092170.

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Hymenoptera venom allergy is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in adults and the second-most frequent in children. The proper diagnosis of this life-threatening allergy remains a challenge. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding diagnostics of Hymenoptera venom allergy. The paper includes a brief description of the representatives of Hymenoptera order and the composition of their venoms. Then, diagnostic tests for allergy to Hymenoptera venom are described. Common diagnostic problems, especially double positivity in tests for IgE antibodies specific to honeybee and wasp venom, are also discussed. Special attention is paid to the search for new diagnostic capabilities using modern methodologies. Multidimensional molecular analysis offers an opportunity to characterize changes in body fluids associated with Hymenoptera venom allergy and yields a unique insight into the cell status. Despite recent developments in the diagnostics of Hymenoptera venom allergy, new testing methodologies are still needed to answer questions and doubts we have.

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7

Cui, Le, Ying-Yang Xu, Xiu-Jie Wang, and Kai Guan. "Stinging Insect Allergens." Current Protein & Peptide Science 21, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666191120130209.

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Hymenoptera venom allergy is one of the common causes of anaphylaxis. However, when physicians make the diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy, the history of being stung is not always consistent with the results of venom-specific IgE. With the development of component-resolved diagnosis, it is possible to accurately localize an allergic reaction to certain sensitized proteins. This paper reviewed the studies that have addressed the identified allergenicity and cross-reactivity of Hymenoptera venom allergens accepted by the WHO/IUIS Nomenclature Sub-committee, the componentresolved diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy and its predictive values for the efficacy and safety of venom immunotherapy. Also special attention was paid to the spread of Hymenoptera venom allergy in Asian countries.

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8

Stitt, Jenny, and Rohit Katial. "Venom Allergy." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 4, no. 1 (January 2016): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2015.09.016.

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9

Kholi-Wiesner, A., L. Stahlberger, C. Bieli, T. Stricker, and R. Lauener. "Bee venom allergy immunotherapy/wasp venom allergy immunotherapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1407 (June 2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201214070-00044.

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10

Worm, Margitta, Barbara Ballmer-Weber, Randolf Brehler, Mandy Cuevas, Anna Gschwend, Karin Hartmann, Thomas Hawranek, et al. "Healthcare provision for insect venom allergy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic." Allergo Journal International 29, no. 8 (December 2020): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40629-020-00157-z.

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AbstractThe population prevalence of insect venom allergy ranges between 3–5%, and it can lead to potentially life-threatening allergic reactions. Patients who have experienced a systemic allergic reaction following an insect sting should be referred to an allergy specialist for diagnosis and treatment. Due to the widespread reduction in outpatient and inpatient care capacities in recent months as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the various allergy specialized centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland have taken different measures to ensure that patients with insect venom allergy will continue to receive optimal allergy care. A recent data analysis from the various centers revealed that there has been a major reduction in newly initiated insect venom immunotherapy (a 48.5% decline from March–June 2019 compared to March–June 2020: data from various centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland). The present article proposes defined organizational measures (e.g., telephone and video appointments, rearranging waiting areas and implementing hygiene measures and social distancing rules at stable patient numbers) and medical measures (collaboration with practice-based physicians with regard to primary diagnostics, rapid COVID-19 testing, continuing already-initiated insect venom immunotherapy in the outpatient setting by making use of the maximal permitted injection intervals, prompt initiation of insect venom immunotherapy during the summer season, and, where necessary, using outpatient regimens particularly out of season) for the care of insect venom allergy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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11

Jovanovic, Dragana, Aleksandra Peric-Popadic, Sladjana Andrejevic, Igor Jovanovic, and Branka Bonaci-Nikolic. "Triple IgE-positivity to hornet, wasp and bee venom in the patient with anaphylaxis: Diagnostic and therapeutic approach." Vojnosanitetski pregled 76, no. 8 (2019): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160831144j.

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Introduction. Triple-positivity (TP) or double-positivity (DP) for serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) antibodies against hornet venom (HV), wasp venom (WV) and/or honeybee venom (BV) causes significant problem in a selection of appropriate venom immunotherapy. However, DP/TP can be caused by cross-reactions resulting either from partial sequence identity of protein allergens in the venoms, or may be related to cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). Case report. A 60-year-old man was stung by a wasp and two days later by hornet. In both cases, within 15 minutes he developed hypotension and generalized urticaria and he was successfully treated with epinephrine, corticosteroids and fluids. After eight weeks, the examination revealed the negative skin prick test for all three venoms, but the sIgE-determination (ELISA, Biopharm) showed triple sensitization to native BV (0.55 IU/mL), WV (3.35 IU/mL) and HV (0.37 IU/mL). He was receiving the venom immunotherapy with venom mixtures for one year. In order to distinguish true multiple sensitization from cross-reactivity, the molecular-allergy testing by ImmunCAP with the CCD-free recombinant major allergens was performed. A high sensitization to Antigen 5-rVes v5 of WV (31.4 kU/L) was demonstrated while sIgE to phospholipase A2-rApi m1 of BV (0.15 kU/L) was negative; sIgE to CCDMUXF3- bromelain (0.75 kU/L) explained the sIgE-positivity for native BV. After these findings, a venom immunotherapy only with WV was initiated. Conclusion. In our patient, triple-IgE-positivity to native venoms detected by the ELISA was caused by cross-reactivity to CCDs. We recommend the molecular-allergy testing with the nonglycosylated recombinant allergens before starting the venom immunotherapy in patients with multiple-sIgE-positivity to native Hymenoptera venoms.

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12

Grosch, Johannes, Antoine Lesur, Stéphanie Kler, François Bernardin, Gunnar Dittmar, Elisabetta Francescato, Simon J. Hewings, et al. "Allergen Content of Therapeutic Preparations for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy of European Paper Wasp Venom Allergy." Toxins 14, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14040284.

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Allergy to Polistes dominula (European paper wasp) venom is of particular relevance in Southern Europe, potentially becoming a threat in other regions in the near future, and can be effectively cured by venom immunotherapy (VIT). As allergen content in extracts may vary and have an impact on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the aim was to compare five therapeutic preparations for VIT of P. dominula venom allergy available in Spain. Products from five different suppliers were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS and compared with a reference venom sample. Three products with P. dominula venom and one product with a venom mixture of American Polistes species showed a comparable band pattern in SDS-PAGE as the reference sample and the bands of the major allergens phospholipase A1 and antigen 5 were assignable. The other product, which consists of a mixture of American Polistes species, exhibited the typical band pattern in one, but not in another sample from a second batch. All annotated P. dominula allergens were detected at comparable levels in LC-MS/MS analysis of products containing P. dominula venom. Due to a lack of genomic information on the American Polistes species, the remaining products were not analyzed by this method. The major Polistes allergens were present in comparable amounts in the majority, but not in all investigated samples of venom preparations for VIT of P. dominula venom allergy.

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13

Daniels, Phuong, Reimus Valencia, Meghan Callahan, and Robert Hostoffer. "Efficacy of epinephrine rinse in allergen immunotherapy with aeroallergen and venom." Scholar: Pilot and Validation Studies 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32778/spvs.71366.2022.29.

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Introduction In a suburban allergy outpatient office, the practice of epinephrine rinse of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) syringes prior to injection has been employed for over 30 years with documented favorable clinical outcomes. A retrospective study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of epinephrine rinsing of SCIT syringes in managing local site reactions (LSR) in patients with allergen hypersensitivity. Methods Chart review of patients currently receiving SCITs was conducted using the clinical database at the outpatient office. 549 SCITs were reviewed, and 140 cases were traced to employ the use of epinephrine rinse to improve LSRs. The data was separated into allergic rhinitis and venom immunotherapy groups and was recorded for both build-up and maintenance phases. Results Out of 140 total patients requiring epinephrine rinse, 88.6% were in the allergic rhinitis group and 11.4% were in the venom group. In the allergic rhinitis group, 69.3% of patients and 87.5% in the venom group required epinephrine rinse during the build-up phase. In the allergic rhinitis group, 65.7% patients receiving SCIT at maintenance dose and 69.8% patients at build-up dose had resolution of LSR post-epinephrine rinse. In the venom group, 64.2% patients receiving SCITs at build-up dose improved LSR after epinephrine rinse. Conclusion Epinephrine rinse technique prior to injection showed favorable outcomes in over 60% of patients currently receiving treatment for allergen hypersensitivity. Epinephrine rinse is beneficial during the build-up phase of SCIT to manage LSR to effectively increase allergen dose.

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14

Popa, Monica Daniela, Adriana Muntean, Irena Pintea, Corina Bocșan, Carmen Teodora Dobrican, and Diana Deleanu. "Hymenoptera venom allergy." Alergologia 2, no. 6 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/aler.6.2.2022.6607.

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15

Ebo, Didier G., Margo M. Hagendorens, and Wim J. Stevens. "Hymenoptera venom allergy." Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 1, no. 1 (May 2005): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/1744666x.1.1.169.

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16

Kirkland, Geoffrey. "Snake venom allergy." Medical Journal of Australia 153, no. 9 (November 1990): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb126251.x.

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17

Annila, I. "Bee venom allergy." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 30, no. 12 (December 2000): 1682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00885.x.

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18

Bonadonna, Patrizia, Gianenrico Senna, Michele Schiappoli, Annarita Dama, and Giovanni Passalacqua. "Hymenoptera venom allergy." World Allergy Organization Journal &NA; (November 2007): S218—S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wox.0000301950.77338.af.

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19

Govorushko, S. M. "ALLERGY TO STINGING INSECTS: GLOBAL SITUATION." Russian Journal of Allergy 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2013): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja606.

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The most significant allergenic stinging insects (wasps, bees, hornets, bumblebees) are considered. Information on the percentage of people having allergic reactions to stings total population in different countries is provided. The relation between the frequency of allergic reactions to certain professions is shown. Regional differences in mortality from allergies to the venom of bees and wasps are discussed. Mortality figures from allergies to venom of stinging insects in different countries are given. Global mortality from stinging insect allergy is estimated.

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20

Packi, Kacper, Joanna Matysiak, Eliza Matuszewska, Anna Bręborowicz, Zdzisława Kycler, and Jan Matysiak. "New Biomarkers of Hymenoptera Venom Allergy in a Group of Inflammation Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 4011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084011.

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Hymenoptera venom allergy significantly affects the quality of life. Due to the divergences in the results of the available test and clinical symptoms of patients, the current widely applied diagnostic methods are often insufficient to classify patients for venom immunotherapy (VIT). Therefore it is still needed to search for new, more precise, and accurate diagnostic methods. Hence, this research aimed to discover new biomarkers of Hymenoptera venom allergy in a group of inflammation factors using set of multi-marker Bioplex panel. The adoption of a novel methodology based on Luminex/xMAP enabled simultaneous determination of serum levels of 37 different inflammatory proteins in one experiment. The study involved 21 patients allergic to wasp and/or honey bee venom and 42 healthy participants. According to univariate and multivariate statistics, soluble CD30/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 8 (sCD30/TNFRSF8), and the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) may be considered as effective prognostic factors, their circulating levels were significantly decreased in the allergy group (p-value < 0.05; the Area Under the Curve (AUC) ~0.7; Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) scores >1.2). The obtained results shed new light on the allergic inflammatory response and may contribute to modification and improvement of the diagnostic and monitoring methods. Further, large-scale studies are still needed to explain mechanisms of action of studied compounds and to definitively prove their usefulness in clinical practice.

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21

&NA;. "Bee venom allergy immunotherapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1370 (September 2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113700-00025.

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22

Bucher, Christoph, Pius Korner, and Brunello Wüthrich. "Allergy to bumblebee venom." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.all.0000011040.31114.83.

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23

Hoffman, D. R. "Fire ant venom allergy." Allergy 50, no. 7 (July 1995): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01196.x.

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Bucher, Christoph, Pius Korner, and Brunello Wüthrich. "Allergy to bumblebee venom." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1, no. 4 (August 2001): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130832-200108000-00014.

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&NA;. "Bee venom allergy immunotherapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1419 (September 2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201214190-00041.

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&NA;. "Bee venom allergy immunotherapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1423 (October 2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201214230-00045.

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27

Severino, M. G., P. Campi, D. Macchia, M. Manfredi, S. Turillazzi, I. Spadolini, M. B. Bilo, and F. Bonifazi. "European Polistes venom allergy." Allergy 61, no. 7 (July 2006): 860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01077.x.

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28

Philipp, Ami, Ronald M. Ferdman, and Jonathan S. Tam. "Evaluation of venom allergy." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 117, no. 4 (October 2016): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2016.08.012.

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Sturm, G. J., E. M. Varga, G. Roberts, H. Mosbech, M. B. Bilò, C. A. Akdis, D. Antolín-Amérigo, et al. "EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: Hymenoptera venom allergy." Allergy 73, no. 4 (December 5, 2017): 744–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.13262.

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30

Czerwińska, Ewa, Marita Nittner-Marszalska, Robert Pawłowicz, and Leszek Szenborn. "Simultaneous Influenza Vaccination and Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy Is Safe." Vaccines 9, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9040344.

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Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a standard treatment for venom allergy. Our purpose was to determine if the administration of both allergen and protective vaccines during one visit is safe and if such a procedure does not deteriorate the tolerance of both vaccines. As current guidelines are based on theoretical assumptions, our aim was to establish the safety and tolerance of shortening the recommended interval between vaccinations. During two influenza seasons, 44 adult patients, with a history of systemic allergic reactions after a Hymenoptera sting, underwent 58 simultaneous allergen and seasonal influenza vaccinations (study group) while in the maintenance phase of venom immunotherapy (VIT). The control group consisted of 57 healthy adults who were vaccinated against influenza only. The conditions of the patients were monitored during hospital visits, and via telecommunication methods to evaluate the safety and tolerance of the procedure. Within the study group, there were no immediate or delayed allergic reactions after vaccinations. The presence of common, adverse influenza vaccine reactions among study group patients (29%) and control group patients (32%) did not differ significantly (p = 0.841). We did not observe a difference in the frequency of various adverse reactions in either group or a dependence of previous vaccinations against influenza on the occurrence of adverse reactions. The most frequent occurrences were local adverse reactions. All adverse reactions were resolved without treatment. These findings demonstrate the safety and tolerance of an influenza vaccination and Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy administration during one visit.

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Tambourgi, D. V., F. C. Magnoli, V. R. Von Eickstedt, Z. C. Benedetti, V. L. Petricevich, and W. D. da Silva. "Incorporation of a 35-kilodalton purified protein from Loxosceles intermedia spider venom transforms human erythrocytes into activators of autologous complement alternative pathway." Journal of Immunology 155, no. 9 (November 1, 1995): 4459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.155.9.4459.

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Abstract Cutaneous inoculation of Loxosceles spp. spider venoms produces local necrosis, occasionally accompanied by systemic intravascular clotting and hemolysis. In this work, we analyzed the role of the C system on the lysis of human erythrocytes (Eh) induced by Loxosceles venoms in vitro. Eh were treated with whole venom of Loxosceles laeta, Loxosceles gaucho, or Loxosceles intermedia, or with purified venom proteins, and incubated with C-sufficient (Cs-NHS) or C9-depleted autologous (C9d-NHS) serum. Hemolysis was determined spectrophotometrically, and deposition of C components or removal of C regulatory proteins was analyzed by FACS. Eh suspensions exposed to venoms or to a purified 35-kDa protein from L. intermedia were lysed after incubation with Cs-NHS, but not with C9d-NHS. Lysis was blocked by heating the serum at 50 degrees C or Ca2+/Mg2+ chelation by EDTA, but not by Ca2+ chelation with EGTA. Deposition of C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and factor B on the venom-treated Eh occurred during activation of autologous C. Regulatory proteins decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and CD59 were not altered significantly. Conversion of C-resistant Eh into C-susceptible Eh by the L. intermedia venom was accompanied by incorporation of a 35-kDa venom protein onto the cell surface. Thirty-five-kilodalton-related proteins were detected in the two other Loxosceles venoms by ELISA, using rabbit antiserum against the L. intermedia 35-kDa protein. These data suggest that the C system mediates the lysis of human erythrocytes and, by extension, of other cell types able to incorporate the lytic factor of Loxosceles venoms on their cell surfaces.

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Ruiz-Leon, Berta, Pilar Serrano, Carmen Vidal, and Carmen Moreno-Aguilar. "Management of Double Sensitization to Vespids in Europe." Toxins 14, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020126.

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Wasp allergy with a diagnostic profile of double sensitizations to vespid venom is a frequent clinical problem in areas where different genera of wasps are present. Identification of the insect responsible for serious reactions poses a diagnostic challenge as the only effective treatment to date is immunotherapy based on the specific venom. In southern Europe, the double sensitization to Vespula and Polistes venoms is highly frequent. It has been shown that the major allergenic proteins (Phospholipase A1 and Antigen 5) share sequences across the different genera and species, which would be the cause of cross-reactivity. Additionally, the minor allergens (Dipeptidyl-peptidases, Vitellogenins) have been found to share partial sequence identity. Furthermore, venom contains other homologous proteins whose allergenic nature still remains to be clarified. The traditional diagnostic tools available are insufficient to discriminate between allergy to Vespula and Polistes in a high number of cases. IgE inhibition is the technique that best identifies the cross-reactivity. When a double sensitization has indeed been shown to exist or great uncertainty surrounds the primary sensitization, therapy with two venoms is advisable to guarantee the safety of the patient. In this case, a strategy involving alternate administration that combines effectiveness with efficiency is possible.

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Demšar Luzar, Ajda, Peter Korošec, Mitja Košnik, Mihaela Zidarn, and Matija Rijavec. "Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy: Immune Mechanisms of Induced Protection and Tolerance." Cells 10, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071575.

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Hymenoptera venom allergy is one of the most severe allergic diseases, with a considerable prevalence of anaphylactic reaction, making it potentially lethal. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent findings in understanding induced immune mechanisms during different phases of venom immunotherapy. We focus on protection mechanisms that occur early, during the build-up phase, and on the immune tolerance, which occurs later, during and after Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy. The short-term protection seems to be established by the early desensitization of mast cells and basophils, which plays a crucial role in preventing anaphylaxis during the build-up phase of treatment. The early generation of blocking IgG antibodies seems to be one of the main reasons for the lower activation of effector cells. Long-term tolerance is reached after at least three years of venom immunotherapy. A decrease in basophil responsiveness correlates with tolerated sting challenge. Furthermore, the persistent decline in IgE levels and, by monitoring the cytokine profiles, a shift from a Th2 to Th1 immune response, can be observed. In addition, the generation of regulatory T and B cells has proven to be essential for inducing allergen tolerance. Most studies on the mechanisms and effectiveness data have been obtained during venom immunotherapy (VIT). Despite the high success rate of VIT, allergen tolerance may not persist for a prolonged time. There is not much known about immune mechanisms that assure long-term tolerance post-therapy.

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AN, Shu, and Ren LAI. "Wasp venom allergens and mechanism of wasp venom allergy." Chinese Science Bulletin 57, no. 32 (November 1, 2012): 3031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/972012-1013.

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Köhli-Wiesner, Alice, Lisbeth Stahlberger, Christian Bieli, Tamar Stricker, and Roger Lauener. "Induction of Specific Immunotherapy with Hymenoptera Venoms Using Ultrarush Regimen in Children: Safety and Tolerance." Journal of Allergy 2012 (July 19, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/790910.

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Background & Objective. Ultrarush induction for specific venom immunotherapy has been shown to be reliable and efficacious in adults. In this study its safety and tolerance in children was evaluated. Methods. Retrospective analysis of 102 ultrarush desensitizations carried out between 1997 and 2005 in 94 children, aged 4 to 15 years. Diagnosis and selection for immunotherapy were according to recommendations of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Systemic adverse reactions (SARs) were described using the classification of H. L. Mueller. Results. All patients reached the cumulative dose of 111.1 μg hymenoptera venom within 210 minutes. Six patients (6%) had allergic reactions grade I; 2 patients (2%) grade II and 5 patients (5%) grade III. Three patients (3%) showed unclassified reactions. SARs did not occur in the 15 patients aged 4 to 8 years and they were significantly more frequent in girls (29%) compared with boys (12%) (, multivariant analysis) and in bee venom extract treated patients (20%) compared to those treated with wasp venom extract (8%) (OR 0.33, 95% Cl 0.07–1.25). Conclusion. Initiation of specific immunotherapy by ultrarush regimen is safe and well tolerated in children and should be considered for treating children with allergy to hymenoptera venom.

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Seppa, Nathan. "Curbing Allergy to Insect Venom." Science News 166, no. 7 (August 14, 2004): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4015406.

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Shaker, Marcus S., Derek Hsu, and David A. Gruenberg. "An update on venom allergy." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 25, no. 5 (October 2013): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mop.0b013e328361a496.

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Ruëff, Franziska, Marianne Placzek, and Bernhard Przybilla. "Mastocytosis and Hymenoptera venom allergy." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 6, no. 4 (August 2006): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.all.0000235903.10548.63.

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Pesek, Robbie D., and Richard F. Lockey. "Treatment of Hymenoptera venom allergy." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 14, no. 4 (August 2014): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aci.0000000000000073.

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Bonadonna, Patrizia, Marina Mauro, Donatella Preziosi, and Valerio Pravettoni. "Pregnancy and Hymenoptera venom allergy." Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology 20, no. 5 (August 6, 2020): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aci.0000000000000681.

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Bonadonna, Patrizia, Roberta Zanotti, and Ulrich Müller. "Mastocytosis and insect venom allergy." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 10, no. 4 (August 2010): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e32833b280c.

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Ewan, P. W. "ABC of allergies: Venom allergy." BMJ 316, no. 7141 (May 2, 1998): 1365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.316.7141.1365.

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Korošec, Peter, Thilo Jakob, Harfi Harb, Robert Heddle, Sarah Karabus, Ricardo de Lima Zollner, Julij Selb, et al. "Worldwide perspectives on venom allergy." World Allergy Organization Journal 12, no. 10 (October 2019): 100067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100067.

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Elsner, J., A. Sack, H. Petering, T. Schaefer, M. Körner, and A. Kapp. "Ultrarush SIT in venom allergy." Allergy 55, no. 6 (June 2000): 582–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00632.x.

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Bilo, B. M., F. Rueff, H. Mosbech, F. Bonifazi, and J. N. G. Oude-Elberink. "Diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy." Allergy 60, no. 11 (November 2005): 1339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00963.x.

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Sridhara, S., C. Weiler, and J. Butterfield. "Venom Allergy In Systemic Mastocytosis." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 129, no. 2 (February 2012): AB229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.139.

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McCormack, Katherine, and Maureen Egan. "Single-Step Venom Allergy Testing." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 5, no. 6 (November 2017): 1796–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.05.020.

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Kutlu, Ali, and Derya Unal. "Mammalian Meat Allergy Accompanied by Venom Allergy: A Review of 12 Cases." Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, December 1, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v18i5.1928.

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There has recently been an increase in mammalian meat allergy (MMA) in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It has been associated with the expansion of tick populations.Tick bites appear to result in sensitization to the carbohydrate allergen galactose-alpha–1, 3-galactose, which is present in many types of mammalian meats. In this study, we have emphasized that Ixodes ricinus named tick type which is implicated in meat allergy, is found in domestic animals of Black Sea Region of Turkey. A new concept has been recently raized; suggesting that having an alpha-gal allergy is associated with an increased risk of sensitization to multiple venom spesific immunoglobulin (Ig) E. Our aim is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of adult patients with MMA and its relationship with insect sting reactions in Turkey. Patients referring to the allergy outpatient clinic with possible MMA were interviewed regarding reactions to a stinging insect. Demographic features and detailed histories of the patients were recorded. Skin prick test (SPT) with commercial beef extract and venom allergens, as well as prick to prick tests with raw beef and cooked beef were performed. Serum total IgE and beef meat specific IgE were measured. Of 50 interviewed patients, 12 patients (4 male [33,3%] and 8 female [66,6%]) had a history of venom hypersensitivity reaction. The mean age was 36.50±13.35 years (range:18–61). History of other allergic diseases was present in 8 (66.6%) patients. Both venom and meat allergy were confirmed with SPT or prick to prick tests in these 12 patients. Among these patients sensitization to honey bee venom was more frequent (83%). MMA and venom allergy are influenced by the same environmental exposures. We believe that there may be shared immunologic factors and similar antigens; making venom allergic patients more susceptible to MMA.

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Perkins, Jessica B., and Anne B. Yates. "Allergy to Stinging Insects: Diagnosis and Management." EMJ Allergy & Immunology, July 17, 2018, 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33590/emjallergyimmunol/10314229.

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Stinging insects that cause allergic reactions belong to the order Hymenoptera, which includes wasps, hornets, bees, yellow jackets, true hornets, and stinging ants. Individuals stung by these insects can have different clinical outcomes, from common local reactions to severe systemic reactions. Anaphylaxis as a result of insect stings can result in death; therefore, individuals with a history of systemic reaction to stings should be further evaluated and treated. A history of systemic reaction to insect stings and immunoglobulin E sensitivity to specific insect venoms, determined by blood or skin testing, are criteria for venom immunotherapy administration. Venom immunotherapy modulates the immune system to make the recipient less sensitive to venom and can be curative. All individuals with a history of systemic reaction to insect stings should be provided with an adrenaline auto-injector and educated in avoidance measures to prevent future stings. This review will discuss the diagnosis of venom allergy, the management of venom allergic individuals with venom immunotherapy, and identification of risk factors for severe anaphylaxis to insect stings. This review will also aid clinicians in discussing avoidance measures with patients.

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Blank, Simon, Maria Beatrice Bilò, Johannes Grosch, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber, Markus Ollert, and Thilo Jakob. "Marker allergens in Hymenoptera venom allergy — Characteristics and potential use in precision medicine." Allergo Journal International, November 17, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40629-020-00151-5.

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Abstract Background A comprehensive diagnostic work-up is essential to ensure adequate patient management for the potentially life-threatening condition of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). This includes an unambiguous identification of the allergy-relevant venom as prerequisite for successful venom-specific immunotherapy (VIT). If the clinical history does not allow the identification of the culprit insect, diagnosis is often hampered by positive test results to various venoms. Modern component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) applying marker allergens of Hymenoptera venoms has created new opportunities which facilitate therapeutic decisions and may allow personalized risk stratification for individual patients. Methods Comprehensive literature search and critical analysis of recently published studies on Hymenoptera venom allergens and CRD. Results and discussion Changing the research focus from whole venom extracts to individual allergenic molecules led to the development of CRD in HVA. The currently available CRD is a valuable tool to resolve cross-reactivity and primary sensitization, particularly in honeybee and vespid venom allergy. Hence, CRD has simplified therapeutic decisions in case of multiple positive test results, especially in patients who were not able to identify the culprit insect or in cases of discrepancies between clinical history and classical diagnostic results. Moreover, there is first evidence that sensitization to particular allergens might serve as biomarkers to predict risk for severe side-effects during VIT or even for VIT failure. To date, a clear limitation of CRD is the currently available allergen panel which does not allow a definite resolution of allergy to different vespid species such as yellow jackets and European paper wasps.

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