Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vélocimétrie Laser à effet Doppler (VLD)'
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Benamar, Mohamed Amine. "Développement d’une approche numérique et expérimentale par la mesure VLD pour la propagation acoustique mutimodale en conduit avec écoulement." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2624.
Full textLaser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is a non-intrusive measurement of particle velocity classically used in fluid mechanics. The acoustic velocity is a very important quantity in acoustics for the characterization of acoustic propagation fields, which is essential for the understanding of certain propagation phenomena in near walls or for complex geometries. The DUCAT bench installed in the laboratory of the Acoustics and Vibration team of the University of Technology of Compiègne aimed at characterizing the acoustic performances of various acoustic absorption systems such as SDOF or metallic porous materials for aeronautical uses through the measurement of the acoustic velocity and pressure through two automated probes containing a hot wire sensor as well as a microphone with ogive. The objective of this thesis is to allow the measurement of acoustic velocity in multimodal propagation and in the presence of flow using the VLD. The signal measured by the VLD is randomly sampled and has a fairly large background noise due to the presence of flow in the duct. The complex nature of the measured signal requires special signal processing methods to extract the acoustic velocity that is important to us. The first part of this thesis presents a benchmark of the different methods available in the literature and their validity for the current experimental conditions of the DUCAT bench. A simulation of the measured VLD signal is developed as a reference to validate the methods, whether they are spectral or temporal. The weighted least squares method is finally selected and adapted following this study for the estimation of the various acoustic parameters from the raw signal. The second part concerns the presentation of the numerical tools used or developed for the simulation of the acoustic propagation in infinite ducts. The main numerical tool is an aeroacoustic finite element code developed in the lab based on Galbrun’s equations coupled to a virtual absorbing layer called PML (Perfect Matched Layer). Due to the presence of the PML, the numerical solution of the inverse problem becomes complicated, which led us to develop a code for solving nonlinear eigenvalue problems based on the Integral Contour method. The third part of this work presents the different components of the modified version of the bench as well as the characteristics of these different components. The bench allows the experimentation of multimodal acoustic propagation (up to 5000 Hz) in the presence of a suction/expiration flow that can reach a speed of Mach 0.25. The fourth and last part, presents a protocol of experimental numerical validation of all the tools presented and developed. The test/calculation comparisons are presented for a multimodal propagation in a straight duct at first. The results allow to conclude on the efficiency of the measurement and signal processing system with a relative error lower than 1 dB. The same protocol is then used for the experimental study of the acoustic trapped modes in the case of a cylindrical duct with an abrupt change of section
Poggi, Sylvain. "Contribution au développement d'un banc de mesure de la vitesse particulaire acoustique par vélocimétrie laser Doppler (VLD) : évaluation des résultats et applications." Le Mans, 2000. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2000/2000LEMA1020.pdf.
Full textThis research deals with the application of Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) to airborne sound without flow. This sophisticated optical technique is chosen for measuring the acoustic particle velocity as it is only weakly invasive, also for its excellent spatial resolution and its ability to determine the sign of the velocity. First, the characteristics of the optical set-up are established and adjusted to obtain a good quality Doppler signal. Two systems for signal acquisition and processing, one available commercially and the other being developed at the Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine (LAUM), are assessed in detail for application to acoustic signals. After this, optimal sets of signal processing parameters are determined and used to measure sinusoidal particle velocities in enclosed acoustic fields for frequencies between 200 Hz and 4 kH z and rms velocities between 0. 1 and 10mm/s. The validity of the results is assessed by means of a comparison made with reference values for the velocity determined by derivation from precision measurements of the pressure. The two systems studied show satisfactory and close performance up to 2 kH z for velocities higher than 1 mm/s. Yet the LAUM system is to be preferred as it requires only a very light seeding. Finally these two systems are used in two specific applications, one dedicated to measuring particle velocities radiated in free field and the other to measuring the acoustic power in the resonator of a thermoacoustic refrigerator. The results obtained show the value of LDV as a powerful tool for acoustic velocity measurements
Kerherve, Franck. "Caractérisation statistique des sources aéroacoustiques en jets supersoniques par Vélocimétrie Laser à effet Doppler." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007612.
Full textParidaens, Richard. "Analyse et caractérisation des écoulements redressés dans un moteur thermoacoustique annulaire." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066158.
Full textIn thermoacoustic devices, nonlinear acoustic phenomena generate a secondary flow superimposed on the oscillating flow. Despite its low level, the secondary flow contributes to a significant energy dissipation by heat convection between the exchangers. Reducing or eliminating acoustic streaming appears inevitable to increase the efficiency of thermoacoustic engines. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the investigation of acoustic streaming. As acoustic streaming is generated by the propagation of acoustic, the knowledge of acoustic fields is required. A linear model of first order is used and applied in a travelling wave thermoacoustic engine designed and built at LIMSI. The results of acoustic pressure are compared theoretically and experimentally and the relative error less than 6% allows the validation of the linear model. Acoustic streaming has only been characterized in simplified systems. To characterize the streaming in our thermoacoustic device, the modellings of Gusev et al. And of Bailliet et al. Have been used. To apply their results in the case of our system, the influence of the section variation has been added to their modellings. The pressure gradient and the axial velocity of the acoustic streaming and the mass flow in the loop have been quantified in the system. Measurements by Laser Doppler Velocimetry of the streaming velocity have been performed and compared with the theoretical results. Good agreements between theoretical and experimental results have been obtained. To reduce acoustic streaming in thermoacoustic devices, it appears necessary to understand the mechanisms of streaming generation. Therefore, three phenomena were identified: the Reynolds stresses, the viscous stresses and the acoustic flow. The developed model was used to quantify the influence of each mechanism in the thermoacoustic engine. The investigation was then extended to the influence of the channel width. Those investigations lead to understand the origin of the inner and outer vortex. Therefore, the research works conducted in this thesis allow the characterization of streaming field in thermoacoustic systems and the expansion of the understanding of the phenomena at the origin of acoustic streaming. This work is part of research aimed at reducing acoustic streaming in thermoacoustic systems to increase their efficiency
Mellet, Cyril. "Estimation paramétrique de signaux à phase sinusoi͏̈dale : application à la vélocimétrie laser à effet Doppler pour l'acoustique." Le Mans, 2000. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2000/2000LEMA1026.pdf.
Full textThe particle acoustic velocity measurement using Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) allows the identification of complex sound fields which can not generally be measured by conventional methods (microphonic gradient, hot wire anemometry). This method offers the advantage to be non intrusive and it presents a good spatial resolution. Nevertheless dedicated signal processing methods are needed to estimate the parameters - magnitude V and phase , in case of harmonic excitation - of the particle acoustic velocity. This signal, called Doppler signal, is sinusoidally frequency modulated. The time-frequency representations, based on the instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation, are applied to analyze Doppler signal. Previous studies have established the ranges of displacement and frequencies reachable. To improve these first results, several parametric methods have been suited to allow the ident ification of the acoustic velocity parameters. This study deals with two approaches using the a priori information available on the system. The first approach consists in using the information on the shape of the IF variations and considers the AR and the Kalman filter. The second one consists in using the signal Doppler information to identify the parameters. The signal processing methods are the maximum likelihood based principle and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Each method has been evaluated on simulation and Experimental signaIs
Buchet, Hervé. "Contribution au développement d'un vélocimètre global à effet Doppler en vue de l'application aux turbomachines." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/hbuchet.pdf.
Full textResearch in turbomachinery requires to develop CFD code as well as experimental device. Measurements are of prime important to set testing bench and access unsteady 3D velocimetry field in rotating parts. Since 1996, DGV technique (Doppler Global Velocimetry) has been developed at ONERA-Toulouse. This technique measure frequency shift caused by Doppler effect. To be applied in turbomachinery, this new method must be compared with PIV. As a reference case, a flow which geometry is comparable to that of a compressor blade grid has been choosed. Tests have been performed at Laboratoire Aérodynamique de Supaéro in a transonic wind tunnel on an isolated profile. Wake has been characterised with the two different methods by measuring velocity average flow field. Results are promising and justify further development of the system
Baudou, Caroline. "Agitation par des systèmes axiaux simples ou multi-étages. Obtention de l'hydrodynamique par vélocimétrie laser à effet doppler." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT011G.
Full textKerhervé, Franck. "Caractérisation statistique des sources aéroacoustiques en jets supersoniques par vélocimétrie laser à effet Doppler : application à la prédiction du bruit de jet." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2362.
Full textThe prediction of jet mixing noise using an acoustic analogy and based on experimental measurements is here investigated in the case of a supersonic jet. The basis of any acoustic analogy is the representation of the specifics spatial and temporal organisations of the turbulent field as a spatiotemporal correlation tensor of the turbulence velocity. This quantity gives informations on the dynamic and efficiency of the mechanisms of conversion of the turbulence kinetic energy into acoustic energy. Turbulence and source properties such as integral length and time scales, as well as convection velocity are commonly used to characterised the mixing processes and used for accurately modelling the spatiotemporal correlation tensor. The accuracy of the noise prediction is therefore related to the accuracy with which this tensor is modelled. Modelling of this quantity, based on experimental two-point Laser Doppler Velocimetry measurements in the case of a supersonic jet is here proposed. Modelling is based on an assumption of a homogeneous and isotropic turbulence field so that the tensor can be reduced to one component only. The prediction of the noise radiated by the flow requires also the spatial distribution of the energy of the sources to be known. An aerodynamic code is here used and validated by experimental measurements in a hot supersonic jet. Additional measurements have been performed to study the spectral content of the turbulent field and its evolution along the flow in such typical jets. This highlight on how the turbulent kinetic energy is efficiently used by the different components of the turbulent field. The noise radiated by the hot supersonic jet is finally predicted using a numerical code based on the Lighthill's acoustic analogy and the model established for the correlation tensor obtained from the experimental measurements
Machut, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude des thermocouples plaqués : application à l'autocompensation en température de nouveaux capteurs." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10102.
Full textBoualia, Hassan. "Etude numérique et expérimentale des champs dynamiques et scalaires dans un écoulement turbulent fourni par un brûleur coaxial. Effet de la stratification." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR129/document.
Full textRésumé non fourni
Werquin, Olivier. "Diagnostics de scalaires par plan laser dans des jets diphasiques denses." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES038.
Full textTrebinjac, Isabelle. "Contribution théorique et expérimentale à l'analyse de l’écoulement dans une pompe mixte (hélico-centrifuge)." Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0030.
Full textAmara, Mohamed Kamel Eddine. "Applications de l'effet photoréfractif en métrologie optique : velocimetrie holographique par imagerie de particules & vélocimétrie Doppler laser." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES019.
Full textAntoine, Yan. "Mise en œuvre de la fluorescence induite par laser couplée à la vélocimétrie laser a effet doppler. Application a l'étude et a la modélisation des propriétés diffusionnelles des écoulements turbulents." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10047.
Full textMansouri, Chemseddine. "Traitement des signaux laser Doppler et modélisation spatio-temporelle de la spectroscopie tissulaire diffuse et de fluorescence par les méthodes de Monte Carlo et des éléments finis : application au diagnostic médical." Angers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ANGE0027.
Full textThis work is related to the exploration of biological tissues using laser to diagnose microcirculatory insufficiencies and the localization of cancer cells made fluorescent by contribution of a specific marker. It aims at helping experts to carry out their diagnosis non-invasively from a beam of optical measurements, in the spectra of the selected wavelenghts (visible and near infrared). . . .
André, Benoît. "Etude expérimentale de l'effet du vol sur le bruit de choc de jets supersoniques sous-détendus." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879001.
Full textDevèze, Arnaud. "Amplification acoustique par implant auditif électromagnétique : effet du couplage ossiculaire sur la fonction de transfert de l'oreille moyenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20665/document.
Full textHearing loss is a public health issue. Ageing is the most frequent cause of deafness. The main option for the rehabilitation of hearing loss is the use of conventional hearing aids. These aids have dramatically improved their performance for the past 20 years, mostly with regards to signal processing. However, in addition to economic reasons, some limitations remain (occlusion, feedback, hearing in noise…) and limit the satisfaction of patients. Active middle ear implants (AMEI) have been developed to overcome some of these problems and are indicated n conventional hearing failed to improve patients’ quality of hearing. However, AMEI suffer from limitations, as insufficient performances for severe hearing losses. Recent experimental and clinical data have highlighted the importance of coupling and placement of ossicular reconstruction passive prosthesis use. Other reported new findings regarding the biomechanism of the ossicular chain, especially for high frequency hearing, which is, unfortunately, where most people have their hearing loss. We hypothesized that these findings could be applied to AMEI use. We have analysed experimentally the effects on AMEI performance of variables such as: placement, coupling, size of tranduscer vibrating tip, alternative stimulation options. We used a electromagnetic tranducer from Otologics LLC to drive the middle ear or round window membrane, and a laser Doppler vibrometer to assess for the induced middle transfer function. Results have shown that we could provide great improvement in performance when varying the coupling method and the placement to the ossicular chain or the round window membrane
Reulet, Philippe. "Caractérisation expérimentale des échanges thermiques instationnaires en aérodynamique perturbée." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ESAE0004.
Full textBuffaz, Nicolas. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique de l'effet de jeu augmenté sur les instabilités aérodynamiques en compresseur centrifuge à fort taux de pression." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECDL0039.
Full textThis present study is focused on the effect of the impeller blades tip clearance increase on the overall performance and aerodynamic instabilities in high-pressure centrifugal compressor. The test case is a centrifugal compressor stage (TM-Pi9) designed and built by Turbomeca which is used in a helicopter engine. The compressor stage is mounted on the 1 MW test rig of the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon in France. Experimental investigations consist in the overall performance acquisitions, LASER Doppler Anemometry measurements and unsteady pressure measurements up to 150 KHz for two tip clearance configurations from the nominal rotation speed to 60% of the nominal rotation speed. Steady and unsteady (phase-lagged and full simulations) simulations are also performed using the elsA code developed by the ONERA and CERFACS. Two tip clearances are tested. In the first case used as reference, the tip gap represents 6% of the section height at the impeller exit. In the second case, the impeller is moved axially, which results in an increased tip gap essentially in the radial part of the impeller. Thus in the second case, the tip clearance at the impeller exit corresponds to 10% of the section height. At the cruise rotation speed, from the reference to the increased tip clearance configurations, the tip leakage mass flows are increased. The tip leakage mass flow increase is quasi-proportional to the tip clearance height enlargement. But the position of the wake of the jet-wake flow pattern is not affected by the modification of the tip leakage mass flows. However the wake becomes wider. The tip clearance modification mainly deteriorates the total-to-static pressure ratio (~3%),which is due to inviscid losses in the impeller (under-deviation of the flow near the blades tip). A lower choking mass flow is reached in the increased tip clearance case compared with the reference configuration, due to the static pressure drop at the diffuser throat. The isentropic stage efficiency is experimentally decreased by 1% at the peak efficiency operating point. Near surge, no change in the stage efficiency is measured. From the reference to the increased tip clearance configurations, the stage efficiency is, in fact, subject to two opposite effects. On the one hand, higher tip leakage mass flows cause more viscous losses in the tip leakages and vortices. On the other hand, the wake of the jet-wake flow pattern being wider, the vortices are less confined, resulting in a decrease of the vorticity. The accumulation of entropy in the wake is thus weaker. Whatever the tip clearance configuration and the rotation speed, the surge is triggered by a boundary layer separation near the hub on the suction side of the diffuser vanes. This separation is due to the interaction between the corner boundary layer and the shock wave detached from the leading edge of diffuser vanes. At low rotation speed, disturbances in the inducer (between the leading edge of the main blade and the leading edge of the splitter blade) were recorded. These disturbances can be associated to “rotating tip clearance disturbances” which are generated by the over-flow-incidence on the impeller main blades. This phenomenon is a mild-stall precursor of a rotating stall in the impeller. The rotating stall in the impeller is not recorded because the surge occurs in the diffuser at higher mass flow. Active and passive flow control systems in the diffuser and the impeller are proposed in order to increase the operating range of the TM-Pi9 compressor
Nguyêñ, Huũ Tuyên. "Etude expérimentale de l'influence de la géométrie de stabilisateur sur le développement d'une flamme non prémélangée." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1788_htnguyen.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work was to point out the influence of the aerodynamic behind a bluff-body on the mechanisms of stabilisation of a non premixed flame. This aerodynamic behaviour is controlled not only by the dynamics of the flows but also, and particularly, by the geometry of the stabiliser. This analysis has been developed on a non-confined experimental set-up consisting of two separated and concentric flows (fuel and air), and for two stabilisers, disk and tulip shape burners. Direct visualisations were performed and were completed with velocity field measurements for cold and reacting flows by means of a two-component laser Doppler Anemometer. Temperature fields were also obtained by using a thermocouple. The characterisation of the recirculation zone allowed to bring to light several interesting phenomena: (i) The disk burner induces an important deviation of the annular flow and creates a larger, wider and more intense recirculation zone than the one observed with the tulip burner, for whiçh the effect of the boundary-layer development is predominant, (ii) The competition between the central jet and the recirculating flow, in terms of momentum flux, allows to differentiate the "dominant jet regime" from the "dominant flow regime", (iii) For the reacting flow, the decrease of the density in the zone surrounding the central jet facilitates its penetration, (iv) The effect of the burner shape for the reacting flow can be evaluated in a similar way as for the cold flow: the aerodynamic of the recirculating flow due to the disk enhances stronger perturbations than those generated by the tulip. The analysis of the development of the flame and of its structure has emphasised three main stabilisation regimes (development, ring flame, recirculating flame), two transition regimes and a domain of extinction. To complete this analysis, a study of the "ring flame" regime has been developed. It pointed out that the ring is a triple flame formed at the interface of two flows: a premixed fuel-air-combustion products flow and an air flow
Bultynck, Hervé. "Développements de sondes laser Doppler miniatures pour la mesure de particules dans des écoulements réels complexes." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES031.
Full textBrossard, Jérôme. "Contribution à l'étude de la turbulence à travers l'analyse d'un écoulement généré par la houle entre deux plaques." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES030.
Full textBulot, Nicolas. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation numérique des mécanismes d'interactions instationnaires à proximité du pompage d'un étage de compresseur centrifuge à fort taux de compression." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDL0006.
Full textThe present work is in line with a collaboration between the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique at École Centrale de Lyon (LMFA-ECL), Turbomeca and ONERA. The subject is focused on impeller-diffuser interaction and phenomena occurring during surge ignition of a transonic centrifugal stage with high-compression ratio at cruise rotation speed (0,927Nn). The analysed data come from three measurement devices and two kinds of numerical simulations. The 1MW LMFA-ECL test rig was used for carrying out the experiments on the centrifugal compressor stage. The global performances were obtained by pressure, temperature, mass flow rate and rotation speed measurements. The internal flow field properties were probed by Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and high frequency pressure measurements. The computations were performed with the elsA software developed at ONERA. The code solves the compressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations associated with the two-equations (k-l) turbulence model of Smith. Two models of impeller-diffuser interaction were used to simulate the flow within the compressor. The first model is based on the Averaged Passage equations, gives a stationary description of the internal flow fields. The second model is based on the phase lagged approach and allows access to the unsteady phenomena. A good agreement between experiments and simulations was obtained, which justifies the use of the CFD results for the flow field analysis. Analysis of the flow development within the impeller were carried out for three operating points (choke, peak efficiency and close to surge). This study shows that, from choke to near surge, the development of the tip clearance vortex is the starting point of a sequence of physical mechanisms which lead to an extend of the wake of the jet-wake structure. The change in flow field at impeller exit tends to increase the upstream incidence of the vaned diffuser, especially close to the hub. The vane bow shock wave progresses in the impeller passages when the operating point moves from choke to near surge. The location of the main flow moves from suction side to pressure side of the vaned diffuser passage. The topology of the boundary layer separations within the diffuser passage is deeply affected when approaching surge. The main unsteady structures are generated by the interaction between the bow shock wave and the impeller blades. Progressive pressure waves and low Mach number flow bubbles are generated by this locally time-spaced interaction phenomenon. The pressure waves lead to strong fluctuations of the velocity field. As a consequence, the boundary layer becomes more resistant in relation to the separations (in term of time-averaged point of view). In time-averaged point of view, the low Mach number flow bubbles lead to inhomogeneous conditions at the vaned diffuser inlet along the azimuthal direction . From choke to near surge operating point, the strength of the pressure wave increases whereas the size of the low Mach number flow bubbles decreases. These conditions are quite favourable to push back the surge limit which is locally initiated in the inlet part of the vaned diffuser. The surge of the compressor is produced by a rapid change in supersonic flow structure at diffuser inlet. The pressure fluctuations due to the progressive waves lead to destabilise the new supersonic flow configuration and degenerate in the global instability of the compressor flow
Ngo, Sophie. "Dispositf acoustique pour l'isolation galvanique : le CMUT, une voie innovante." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4027.
Full textGalvanic isolation devices integrated into switch command systems must be able to answer all of the increasing demand for performance, energetic efficiency and integration easiness. The capacitive micro machined ultrasonic transducers (cMUT), able to emit and receive ultrasounds, could be an entirely new alternative to the function of galvanic isolation. This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a cMUT-based device. The operating principle consists in transmitting information thanks to a bulk acoustic wave between two cMUT arrays located on both sides of a substrate. We first focus on cMUT surface micromachining fabrication process and techniques of double-side device manufacturing. Our study allows us to identify wafer bonding as a realistic industrial solution. After device fabrication, electro-mechanical of cMUT is an essential step to validate their functionality as ultrasonic emitters. The study starts with the mechanical properties evaluation of the membrane material. These properties directly impact the global behavior of cMUT. Then, the characterization of cMUT static and dynamic behavior allows extracting parameters as resonance frequency, collapsing voltage and electro-mechanical efficiency which define the actuation mode of such a system. Finally, the validation of transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves is evaluated by vibrometer laser Doppler measurements. Results bring elements concerning the waves propagation modes and allow identifying the best acoustical efficiency in regard to the topology. In conclusion, the prototype integration in the application of power switch command demonstrates the feasibility of acoustic transformer concept based on cMUT technology