Relevant bibliographies by topics / Veins

Academic literature on the topic 'Veins'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Veins"

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Ardeshiri, Ardavan, Ardeshir Ardeshiri, Jennifer Linn, Jörg-Christian Tonn, and Peter A. Winkler. "Microsurgical anatomy of the mesencephalic veins." Journal of Neurosurgery 106, no. 5 (May 2007): 894–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.5.894.

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Object The mesencephalic veins drain crucial brainstem areas. Due to the narrowness of the tentorial notch, these veins can become obstructed as a result of herniation or surgery, leading to hemorrhage and severe consequences for the patient. There is little in the literature about the mesencephalic veins. The aim of this study was to perform an exact analysis of their microanatomy. Methods Fifty-two cadaveric hemispheres were examined under an operating microscope, and measurements were made with a digital caliper. The authors focused on the basal vein (BV), pontomesencephalic vein (PMV), peduncular vein (PV), lateral mesencephalic vein (LMV), and other smaller veins. The PMV was identified in 84.6% of specimens (mean diameter 0.54 mm); the PV, in 86.5% (mean diameter 0.86 mm); and the LMV, in 100% (mean diameter 1.07 mm). Four types of LMV were identified on the basis of the vein's course. Other smaller veins were also differentiated according to whether they drained mainly the cerebral peduncle, the lemniscal trigone, or the tectum. These veins and their junctions with other veins were depicted. Conclusions A thorough understanding of the microanatomy of the mesencephalic veins is crucial in brainstem surgery in order to avoid brain damage due to venous infarction and subsequent edema. Because knowledge of the course, variations, and outflow system of these veins could improve surgical outcome, they warrant special attention during surgery.
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Maloor, P., S. Nayak, D. Reghunathan, S. Shetty, and G. Prabhu. "Multiple variations of azygos system of veins: a case report." Journal of Morphological Sciences 34, no. 01 (January 2017): 007–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.097715.

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AbstractAzygos venous system drains the venous blood from thoracic wall. Knowledge of variations of its course and tributaries is important to cardiothoracic surgeons, radiologists and orthopedic surgeons. We observed the following variations in the azygos veins. Both azygos and hemiazygos veins were formed by union of lumbar azygos and subcostal veins of corresponding sides. The ascending lumbar vein did not drain into the azygos system. The hemiazygos vein had a larger diameter than the lower part of azygos vein and it joined azygos vein at the level of seventh thoracic vertebra. Accessory hemiazygos vein was totally absent. The azygos vein received 4th to 11th right posterior intercostal veins and also received 3rd to 6th left posterior intercostal veins. Hemiazygos vein received 7th to 11th left posterior intercostal veins.
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Belcaro, G., A. N. Nicolaides, G. Laurora, M. R. Cesarone, M. T. De Sanctis, L. Incande, and A. Ricci. "Laser Doppler Flux in the Venous Wall." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 11, no. 2 (June 1996): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559601100208.

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Objectives: To evaluate in vivo the perfusion of the venous wall in normal veins, varicose veins and in femoral veins of post-phlebitic limbs recording wall flux with laser Doppler flowmetry. As there is some evidence that both structure and microcirculatory dynamic responses are altered in the abnormal vein wall, we also aimed to study the response of vein wall perfusion to locally induced vasodilatation following papaverine infusion. Design: Open prospective study in patients with venous insufficiency and in patients undergoing coronary revascularization with a normal venous system. Setting: Cardiovascular Institute, Chieti University, Pierangeli Clinic, Italy and Irvine Laboratory, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK. Patients: Twenty-four normal long saphenous veins and 11 common femoral veins (35 normal veins, 35 subjects) and 42 varicose veins (42 patients). Measurements: Venous wall flux was measured on the external surface of normal long saphenous veins and common femoral veins. Measurements were also made on varicose veins before ligation of the sapheno-femoral junction. All measurements were made when at least three-quarters of the adventitia and periadventitia tissue were still intact for a length of 3 cm. Results: Flux in the normal vein wall was higher ( t = 5.88; p<0.05) than in varicose veins and in veins of post-phlebitic limbs. There was no difference in flux between varicose veins and post-phlebitic veins. After intravenous papaverine injection in a subgroup of eight normal and eight varicose veins, in the wall of normal veins there was a significant increase in flux (from 8.5 (SD 5.1) units to 13.2 (SD 3.8) units; p<0.05) which was not observed in varicose veins. Conclusions: A higher vein wall perfusion was observed in normal veins compared with varicose veins and post-phlebitic limb veins. Greater vascular reactivity to intraluminal papaverine injection was observed in normal veins.
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Gillet, JL, M. Lausecker, M. Sica, JM Guedes, and FA Allaert. "Is the treatment of the small saphenous veins with foam sclerotherapy at risk of deep vein thrombosis?" Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 29, no. 9 (July 17, 2013): 600–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355513497362.

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Objective To assess the deep vein thrombosis risk of the treatment of the small saphenous veins depending on the anatomical pattern of the veins. Method A multicenter, prospective and controlled study was carried out in which small saphenous vein trunks were treated with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. The anatomical pattern (saphenopopliteal junction, perforators) was assessed by Duplex ultrasound before the treatment. All patients were systematically checked by Duplex ultrasound 8 to 30 days after the procedure to identify a potential deep vein thrombosis. Results Three hundred and thirty-one small saphenous veins were treated in 22 phlebology clinics. No proximal deep vein thrombosis occurred. Two (0.6%) medial gastrocnemius veins thrombosis occurred in symptomatic patients. Five medial gastrocnemius veins thrombosis and four cases of extension of the small saphenous vein sclerosis into the popliteal vein, which all occurred when the small saphenous vein connected directly into the popliteal vein, were identified by systematic Duplex ultrasound examination in asymptomatic patients. Medial gastrocnemius veins thrombosis were more frequent ( p = 0.02) in patients with medial gastrocnemius veins perforator. A common outlet or channel between the small saphenous vein and the medial gastrocnemius veins did not increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion Deep vein thrombosis after foam sclerotherapy of the small saphenous vein are very rare. Only 0.6% medial gastrocnemius veins thrombosis occurred in symptomatic patients. However, the anatomical pattern of the small saphenous vein should be taken into account and patients with medial gastrocnemius veins perforators and the small saphenous vein connected directly into the popliteal vein should be checked by Duplex ultrasound one or two weeks after the procedure. Recommendations based on our everyday practice and the findings of this study are suggested to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis.
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Dabbs, Emma B., Scott J. Dos Santos, Irenie Shiangoli, Judith M. Holdstock, David Beckett, and Mark S. Whiteley. "Pelvic venous reflux in males with varicose veins and recurrent varicose veins." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 33, no. 6 (August 31, 2017): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355517728667.

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Objectives To report on a male cohort with pelvic vein reflux and associated primary and recurrent lower limb varicose veins. Methods Full lower limb duplex ultrasonography revealed significant pelvic contribution in eight males presenting with bilateral lower limb varicose veins. Testicular and internal iliac veins were examined with either one or a combination of computed tomography, magnetic resonance venography, testicular, transabdominal or transrectal duplex ultrasonography. Subsequently, all patients received pelvic vein embolisation, prior to leg varicose vein treatment. Results Pelvic vein reflux was found in 23 of the 32 truncal pelvic veins and these were treated by pelvic vein embolisation. Four patients have since completed their leg varicose vein treatment and four are undergoing leg varicose vein treatments currently. Conclusion Pelvic vein reflux contributes towards lower limb venous insufficiency in some males with leg varicose veins. Despite the challenges, we suggest that pelvic vein reflux should probably be investigated and pelvic vein embolisation considered in such patients.
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Yan, Li, Jinyuan Tang, Xiaoxuan Hu, Yongbo Xu, Kun Li, Hongyan Liu, Zhengui Nie, Haibo Chu, and Yuxu Zhong. "Imbalance in matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases from splenic veins and great saphenous veins under high hemodynamics." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 35, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355519842432.

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Objectives Varicose vein is a common disorder involving extensive venous dilation and remodeling, yet the underlying mechanism is unclear. Studies have shown increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases in human varicose veins and animal models of venous hypertension. We investigated the differences in matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases from human splenic veins and great saphenous veins under high hemodynamics. Methods Seventy-two human diseased splenic vein, splenic vein, varicose great saphenous vein, and great saphenous vein specimens were collected. The mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 were determined. Results The mRNA expression and protein positive expression ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 as well as the content of relative-protein expression were significantly increased in the diseased splenic veins and varicose great saphenous veins compared with the splenic veins and great saphenous veins ( P < 0.05). The varicose great saphenous vein-to-great saphenous vein ratio in the protein positive expression ratio and mRNA expression were significantly increased compared with the diseased splenic vein-to-saphenous vein ratio ( P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the content of relative-protein expression of the varicose great saphenous vein-to-great saphenous vein and diseased splenic vein-to-splenic vein ratios analyzed by Western blot ( P>0.05). Conclusion Under high hemodynamics, dysequilibrium of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases from human splenic veins and great saphenous veins may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular remodeling.
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Kun, Li, Li Ying, Wang Lei, Zhao Jianhua, Xu Yongbo, Wang Tao, Tang Jinyuan, and Chu Haibo. "Dysregulated apoptosis of the venous wall in chronic venous disease and portal hypertension." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 31, no. 10 (July 9, 2016): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355515610237.

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Introduction The etiology of varicose veins remains elusive. We hypothesized that abnormal cell cycle events in the vein wall may contribute to changes in the structural integrity, thus predisposing to the development of varicosities. The present study was designed to determine whether or not the same molecular apoptotic pathway exists between great saphenous and splenic veins. Methods Thirty-six samples of diseased splenic veins and varicose great saphenous veins were collected. Twenty-five samples of control splenic and great saphenous veins were also collected. The apoptotic cell proteins expression was immunohistochemically stained with antibodies (anti-Bax and anti-Bcl-xl). Apoptosis was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunofluorescence staining. The morphology of apoptotic cells was observed with an electron microscope. Results The apoptotic ratio in walls (intima and media) of diseased splenic vein and varicose great saphenous vein groups were significantly lower than the corresponding regions in the splenic vein and great saphenous vein groups ( p < 0.01), respectively. A significant difference was not noted in the ratio change of apoptotic cells between the diseased splenic vein and varicose great saphenous vein groups ( p > 0.05). The high positive expression of Bcl-xl proteins was detected in the diseased splenic vein and varicose great saphenous vein groups, respectively. While the high positive expression of Bax proteins was also observed in the splenic vein and great saphenous vein groups, respectively. Electron microscopic observations confirmed that endothelial and smooth muscle cells in diseased splenic vein, varicose great saphenous vein, splenic vein, and great saphenous vein walls exhibited apoptotic morphologic features, such as fuzzy mitochondrial cristae, medullary changes, and margination of the nuclear chromatin. Conclusions Our results showed the same dysregulation of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in diseased splenic veins and varicose great saphenous veins. This observational study suggests that apoptotic down-regulation in the veins wall is a cause of diseased splenic veins and varicose great saphenous veins, but does not exclude the possibility that other mechanisms are involved.
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Van Cleef, J. F., Ph Griton, M. Cloarec, C. Ribreau, and R. Lemaire. "Venous Valves and Tributary Veins." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 6, no. 4 (December 1991): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559100600403.

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Our work on the four-stroke dynamic model of the muscular pump of the calf and our video films on venous ambulatory endoscopy allow us to set forth the following concept: there are always one or more openings of tributary veins close to a venous valve. A vein has a preferential axis of flattening, and its cross-sectional configuration can be defined as: an internal wall, an external wall, two borders and two extremities. The bicuspid valves' cornua are situated on the borders of the vein. Close to the valves we distinguish the commissural tributaries on the vein's borders from the sinusal tributaries on the internal or external walls of the vein. This configuration has consequences on the local dynamics of the blood; the valve by its protusion into the vein lumen alters the blood flow.
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K. Kotteeswaran, Pradeep kumar S, and Poojasree B. "Study on the Prevalence Rate of Varicose Veins among School Teachers." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 10, no. 5 (October 11, 2022): 4337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2022.110.

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Background: The teachers are the biggest asset of the society as they are the source of knowledge and teaches about morals to the children.They face many problems which mainly affect their quality of life. One of the problem is varicose veins which shows various symptoms like itching and ulceration. Aim: The aim of the study is to find the prevalence rate of varicose veins among school teachers. Objective: To determine the prevalence rate of varicose veins among school teachers using VEINES-symptoms questionnaire.To determine which gender has higher prevalence rate of Varicose veins. Materials: VEINES (venous insufficiency epidemiological and economic study). Results: The statistical analysis shows that the 40% of the school teachers were affected by varicose veins by using VEINES-symptoms questionnaire. Conclusion:Based on the present study findings,it was concluded that the school teachers are more prone to Varicose veins.The present study states that female school teachers has higher prevalence rate of Varicose veins than male teachers.Among the school teachers prolonged standing considered as the significant risk factors KEY WORDS: Varicose veins, School teachers, VEINES-symptoms questionnaire, Prevalence rate, Itching, Ulceration.
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Altus, DP, and MJ Canny. "Water Pathways in Wheat Leaves. I. The Division of Fluxes Between Different Vein Types." Functional Plant Biology 12, no. 2 (1985): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9850173.

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This study concerns the pathway of water movement through the vascular system of the wheat leaf blades. These water pathways were followed using three kinds of markers dissolved in the transpiration stream by which the patterns of water reticulation were made visible. There was a partitioning of the total water flux between the veins of the different types. The lateral veins dominate the conduction of water along the leaf from the base, and also distribute water to the mesophyll in their immediate vicinity. The intermediate veins receive water from the lateral veins in the transverse direction, via the transverse veins. The intermediate veins are primarily involved in the distribution of water to the mesophyll in their vicinity. Since there are more intermediate veins than lateral veins across the leaf blade they are the more important distributors of water to the mesophyll. The transverse veins are the pathway by which water is moved transversely from the lateral veins to the intermediate veins. Water can also be conducted in both directions, or in either direction, from its point of entry into an intermediate vein from a transverse vein. This versatility enables the network of transverse and intermediate veins to act as alternative pathways for longitudinal water conduction in the event of damage to a lateral vein.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Veins"

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Kurz, Xavier. "Varicose veins : epidemiology and outcomes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0034/NQ64594.pdf.

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Mader, Heidy Marita. "Water veins in polycrystalline ice." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/e6d58308-f291-4069-9196-b3661a395dc1.

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Ghigna, Maria. "Anomalies structurelles et fonctionnelles de l'arbre vasculaire pulmonaire au cours de l'HTAP : de la morphologie à l'analyse moléculaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS323/document.

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La physiopathologie des hypertensions pulmonaires (HP) reste encore imparfaitement comprise. Plusieurs mécanismes interviennent dans le développement et la progression du remodelage vasculaire pulmonaire. Les perturbations de communications intercellulaires et l’activation de certaines voies de signalisation sont des phénomènes importants contribuant à l’accumulation excessive de cellules au sein de la paroi des petites artères pulmonaires.Par ailleurs, des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux peuvent prédisposer ou faciliter la progression de ce remodelage vasculaire.L’existence de modifications des micro-vaisseaux pulmonaires pré- et post-capillaires et bronchiques dans l’hypertensionn pulmonaire post-embolique et l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire represente un aspect nouveau de ces deux maladies et permettra d’améliorer sur le long terme la prise en charge de ces patients. Ces altérations vasculaires sont aussi présentes dans deux modèles animaux d’étude d’hypertension pulmonaire, validant la pertinence d’approfondir nos connaissances au travers de ces outils expérimentaux
The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains unclear. Différent mechanisms are involved in the vascular remodeling in PH. The disruption of cellular interactions and the activation of specific signalling pathways contribute to the development and progression of the structural changes in small pulmonary arteries. Moreover, environmental and genetic factors may predispose to this vascular disease.The alterations of pulmonary micro-vessels and of bronchial circulation in chronic thromboembolic disease and in pulmonary arterial hypertension represent a new finding in such diseases, with potential implications in the managment of patients. Pulmonary microvascular changes and bronchial circulation remodeling are also idenfied in selected animal models of PH
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Loureiro, Marcos Gomes [UNESP]. "Estudo da técnica de venografia dos dígotos de vacas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101095.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000740527.pdf: 2750453 bytes, checksum: 84b108cb780a8a07dcbb67e643bf2540 (MD5)
Em bovinos a venografia retrógrada podal é pouco descrita, quando comparada com a espécie equina. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a técnica de venografia retrógrada podal em vacas, comparando os acessos da veia digital dorsal comum III com a digital comum II ou IV, nos membros torácicos e pélvicos mediante a administração de dois diferentes volumes de contraste. Foram utilizados 53 membros torácicos e pélvicos de 14 vacas, contidas em decúbito lateral no tronco com o torniquete de borracha posicionado a 5 cm do paradígito. Administrou-se 10 mL do diatrizoato de meglumine em 24 membros (grupo 1), sendo 13 na veia digital dorsal comum III pelo acesso 1 (A1) e 11 na digital II ou IV no acesso 2 (A2). No grupo 2, administrou-se 20 mL em 29 membros, sendo 15 pelo A1 e 19 no A2. Após a administração do contraste, as radiografias foram repetidas a cada 20 segundos até 120 segundos, na projeção dorso palmar/plantar 0°. O grau de preenchimento vascular foi maior no grupo 2, independente do acesso venoso, do membro ou momento. Não houve diferença significativa no grau de radiopacidade das imagens radiográficas quando comparado o acesso venoso, momento e membro de ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que a administração de 20 ml de contraste apresentou melhor preenchimento e radiopacidade, não havendo diferença entre 20 e 120 segundos após a administração do contraste na qualidade radiográfica independente do acesso venoso
In cattle the foot retrograde venography is rarely described, compared with the equine species. The aim of this study was to describe the technique of retrograde venography foot in cows, comparing the approaches of the dorsal common digital vein III with the digital commons II or IV, thoracic and pelvic by administering two different volumes of contrast members. Were used fifty tree fore and hindlimbs of 14 cows, contained in the lateral position on the trunk with rubber tourniquet placed at 5 cm from paradígito were used. Was administered 10 mL of diatrizoate meglumine 24 members (group 1), 13 dorsal common digital vein III for access 1 (A1) and 11 digital II or IV access 2 (A2). In group 2 was administered 20 mL 29 members, 15 by 19 in A1 and A2. After contrast administration, the radiographs were repeated every 20 seconds until 120 seconds, back projection on the palmar/plantar 0°. The degree of vascular filling was greater in group 2, independent of venous access, member or moment. There was no significant difference in the degree of radiopacity of radiographic images when compared to the venous access, time and a member of both groups. We conclude that administration of 20 ml of contrast showed better filling and radiopacity, with no difference between 20 and 120 seconds after contrast administration in independent radiographic quality venous access
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Cartwright, Virginia Lucille, and n/a. "Biomechanical properties of arteries and veins." University of Otago. Department of Physics, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060908.145011.

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Saphenous veins are widely used as graft material in coronary artery bypass surgery. Biomechanical testing may help identify veins with the optimum chance of longevity. In this thesis, the author has constructed an experimental apparatus to measure circumferential and axial stress-strain data for such arteries and veins. Three different experimental techniques were used to obtain the dimensions of the vessels during pressure-diameter tests; the traditional method of photographic and direct measurement of the external dimensions along with the assumption of incompressibility to approximate inner dimensions; second the use of intravascular ultrasound to obtain the inner and outer dimensions of the vessels; and third the use of intravascular ultrasound for internal dimensions and photography for the outer dimensions. Three forms of mathematical expression were fitted to the circumferential and axial stress-strain data. The sensitivity of the resulting material parameters was investigated with regard to conversion and reference data variations, and data from repeated experiments, experiments fitting more than one axial strain, and experiments testing the variation in elastic properties were compared. The combination of the ultrasound experimental technique and exponential form of mathematical expression was found to be the most robust. Using this combination, a significant difference between material parameters of pig arteries and human saphenous veins was found . While the data indicate that material parameters of healthy and diseased veins may also differ significantly, the number of healthy veins in this study was not sufficient to be conclusive.
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D'Oyley, Heather M. "Vasodilators and venous tone." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27871.

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The objective of these experiments was to investigate the effects of various membrane receptor-mediated and receptor-independent vasodilators on the resistance and capacitance vessels of conscious, unrestrained rats by measuring mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), an index of total body venous tone. ln the first set of experiments the dose-response effects of the directly-acting vasodilators nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine were determined in intact rats as well as in rats treated with the ganglionic blocker, hexamethonium. The effects of these drugs were compared with those of the vehicle, normal saline, in control rats. In intact rats, iv infusion of nitroglycerin did not alter MAP while iv infusions of nitroprusside and hydralazine caused dose-dependent decreases in MAP. In intact rats, nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside did. not affect MCFP while hydralazine increased MCFP. After treatment with hexamethonium all three drugs decreased MCFP, though the decreases in MCFP caused by hydralazine were not significantly different from the corresponding changes in saline-treated rats. Therefore, sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine but not nitroglycerin were effective arteriolar dilators in intact rats; all three drugs dilated arterioles in ganglionic-blocked rats, ln intact rats, the direct venodilator actions of nitroprusside and nitroglycerin were masked by endogenous sympathetic tone. When sympathetic nerve activity was attenuated, both drugs had venodilatory effects. Hydralazine, on the other hand, hao insignificant venodilatory effects both in the presence and absence of the sympathetic reflexes. In the second set of experiments we determined the dose-response effects of hexamethonium, phentolamine, prazosin and rauwolscine — the latter being non-selective ⍺, ⍺₁-selective, and ⍺₂-selective adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively — in intact rats. Prazosin and rauwolscine were also administered to rats with reflexly increased venous tone induced by the infusion of hydralazine. In intact rats iv infusions of prazosin, phentolamine and rauwolscine all caused dose-dependent decreases in MAP; only rauwolscine reduced MCFP to levels slightly below control. Hexamethonium caused a aecrease in MAP as well as a markea reduction in MCFP. After venous tone was raised by the infusion of hydralazine, both prazosin and rauwolscine dose-dependently decreased MCFP. Therefore, the resistance and capacitance vessels contain both ⍺₁- and ⍺₂-adrenoceptors. in the intact rat, however, the capacitance vessels are somewhat resistant to the effects of postjunctionally acting ⍺-antagonists in contrast to the effects of hexamethonium which acts at the level of the ganglion.
Medicine, Faculty of
Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of
Graduate
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Midha, Prem Anand. "Long-term patency of a polymer vein valve." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29721.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Ku, David; Committee Member: Gleason, Rudolph; Committee Member: Milner, Ross. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Jackson, Richard Robert. "Geometries and mechanics of veins and dykes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385102.

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Arnold, Amy. "Hypoxia-induced responses of porcine pulmonary veins." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2440.

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The pulmonary vein (PV) constricts to hypoxia however little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Hypoxic PV constriction is proposed to recruit upstream capillary beds and optimise gas exchange in healthy humans and may play a role in high altitude pulmonary oedema. The PV is also intrinsic to disease states including pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Blood vessel culture can be a powerful tool to enable assessment of the impact of environmental factors on vessel function and as a disease model. However culture conditions alone affect vessel contractility; the effect of culture conditions on PV function remained to be established. The aim of this project was to investigate hypoxic responses of porcine PVs including the impact of maintenance in culture. Maintenance of PVs in culture conditions for 24 hours increased contraction to hypoxia and inhibited hypoxic relaxation post-contraction. These changes to PV hypoxic responses were thought to result from endothelial dysfunction. However, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME inhibited PV hypoxic contraction and enhanced relaxation. The impact of K+ channel inhibitors on hypoxic contraction was also investigated. Penitrem A, 4AP, DPO-1, ZnCl2 and glyburide had no significant effect however TEA and BDM inhibited the hypoxic contraction. This suggested that TASK, KV1.5, BKCa and KATP do not play a role in the mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary venoconstriction however KV channels containing KV2.1 α subunits may modulate the response. Results with L-NAME suggested endothelial dysfunction may not fully account for the change in PV function after exposure to culture. Therefore the impact of PV maintenance in culture was further explored using an isolated PV smooth muscle cell (PVSMC) model. Maintenance of PVs in culture conditions had minimal impact on morphology and electrical properties of PVSMCs. Notably, resting membrane potential and hypoxia-induced depolarisation were not significantly different. Based on the findings of this study, the endothelium in PVs appears to a) play a major role in modulation of the hypoxic response b) be sensitive to short-term exposure to culture conditions. K+ channels appear to play a minor role in PV hypoxic contraction and SMCs isolated from PVs maintained in culture conditions have similar morphological and electrophysiological characteristics to freshly isolated PVSMCs. Taking all this into account, endothelial regulation of contractility should be a key focus for future PV research.
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Beliard, Samuel. "Exercice, veines et maladie veineuse chronique : effets de l'exercice et des conditions de récupération." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCE009/document.

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Résumé : Le rôle du réseau veineux est central dans la fonction cardiovasculaire, pourtant, au regard de la littérature scientifique, il apparaît comme le« parent pauvre » comparé au cœur ou au réseau artériel. Ce constat vaut aussi bien pour la compréhension de l'hémodynamique veineuse que pour l'analyse physiopathologique de la maladie veineuse chronique en général et plus particulièrement lorsque le lien est fait avec la situation d'exercice. Nos différentes investigations avaient pour buts d'une part de mieux comprendre les adaptations du système veineux lors de l'activité physique et lors de la phase de récupération post-exercice et d'autre physiopathologiques de l'hyper pression veineuse sur la microcirculation chez le sujet atteint d'une pathologie veineuse. Ils ont également apporté une meilleure compréhension de la phase de récupération post-exercice et des effets bénéfiques des méthodes de récupération sur la performance et sur les adaptations vasculaires. L'interdépendance entre les différents secteurs (cœur, artères, microcirculation, veines) du système cardiovasculaire est un élément essentiel mis en évidence dans nos différents travaux. Ainsi, nous avons démontré que l'hémodynamique veineuse ne pouvait être analysée de manière isolée, mais au contraire part d'évaluer l'impact de la maladie veineuse chronique sur l'activité physique et réciproquement. Pour cela nous avons étudié les effets aigus de l'activité physique sur le fonctionnement de l'hémodynamique veineuse (évaluation de la pompe veineuse surale), et les effets de différentes méthodes de récupération (compression, immersion, électro stimulation neuro musculaire). Par ailleurs nous avons exploré les conséquences de la pathologie veineuse sur la réalisation d'une activité physique à travers l'analyse de la claudication veineuse. Les principaux résultats de nos travaux ont permis de mieux appréhender les adaptations de l'hémodynamique veineuse liées à l'exercice chez le sujet sain d'une part et de mieux comprendre les conséquences qu'elle devait être évaluée dans sa globalité, en mesurant les implications sur le remplissage cardiaque en aval et sur les échanges au niveau tissulaire en amont, et en recherchant la part du réseau splanchnique et celle du réseau des membres aux propriétés bien différentes sur le retour veineux systémique. En conclusion, nous avons comblé une partie des lacunes de la littérature en permettant une meilleure appréhension des relations veines, exercice physique, récupération et pathologie veineuse. Cependant, des interrogations persistent concernant la méthodologie à mettre en place pour l'évaluation du réseau veineux et les effets chroniques de la pratique intensive d'une activité physique sur la maladie veineuse chronique
The role of the venous system is central to cardiovascular fonction, yet, in terms of scientific literature, it appears to be the "poor relation" compared to the heart or arterial system. This is true both for the physiological understanding of venous hemodynamics and for the pathophysiological analysis of chronic venous disease and more particularly when the link is made with exercise. The aim of our investigations was to better understand the adaptations of the venous system during physical activity and during the post-exercise recovery period and, to evaluate the impact of chronic venous disease on physical activity and vice versa. We have studied the acute effects of physical activity on venous hemodynamics (evaluation of the calf venous pump), and the effects of various recovery methods ( compression, immersion, calf low frequency electrical stimulation), and we have also explored the consequences of chronic venous disease upon physical activity through the analysis of venous claudication. The main results of our work enabled a better understanding of the adjustments in venous hemodynamics linked to exercise in healthy subjects and to better understand the pathophysiological consequences of high venous pressure on the microcirculation of patients with chronic venous disease. Our findings also provide a detailed understanding of venous hemodynamics during post-exercise recovery and the positive effects of recovery methods on both performance and vascular adjustments. The interdependence of the different organs and tissues (heart, arteries, microcirculation, veins) of the cardiovascular system is an essential element highlighted in this work. Thus, we demonstrated that venous hemodynamics could not be analyzed in isolation, but rather that it should be assessed as a whole by measuring implications on cardiac filling and on tissue exchange, and looking for the part of the splanchnic system and limbs system on systemic venous return. ln conclusion, we have filled some of the gaps in the literature by examining the relationships between veins, physical exercise, recovery and venous pathology. However, questions remain regarding the methodology to be implemented for the evaluation of the venous system and the chronic effects of the intensive physical activity practice on the chronic venous disease prevalence
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Books on the topic "Veins"

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Hirakawa, Senri, Carl F. Rothe, Artin A. Shoukas, and John V. Tyberg, eds. Veins. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8.

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Tibbs, David J. Varicose veins and related disorders. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995.

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Tibbs, David J. Varicose veins and related disorders. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992.

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Johnson, Larry. Veins: Poems. Cincinnati, Ohio: David Robert Books, 2009.

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Smith, Jane. Varicose veins. Bristol: Claremont Press, 1993.

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Harold, Laufman, ed. The veins. Austin, Texas: Silvergirl, 1986.

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Krueger, Bryan. Inside the veins. [Philadelphia]: Xlibris, 2009.

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Sherman, Jonathan Marc. Veins and thumbtacks. New York (440 Park Ave. South, New York 10016): Dramatists Play Service, 1992.

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Sirunya, Silapunt, ed. Treatment of leg veins. 2nd ed. London: Saunders, 2010.

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Murad, Alam, Nguyen Tri H, and Dover Jeffrey S, eds. Treatment of leg veins. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Veins"

1

Toda, Noboru, and Tomio Okamura. "Responsiveness of Isolated Veins to Vasoactive Substances." In Veins, 1–8. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8_1.

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Hirakawa, Senri, Koshi Gotoh, Yukio Ohsumi, Yasuo Yagi, Tatsuo Tsukamoto, Hisato Takatsu, and Yasushi Terashima. "The Effect of Nitroglycerin on the Capacitance of the Human Pulmonary “Venous” System." In Veins, 98–108. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8_10.

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Hirakawa, Senri, Koshi Gotoh, Yasuo Yagi, Tatsuo Tsukamoto, Yasushi Terashima, Koji Ishimura, and Shinya Minatoguchi. "Mental Arithmetic Produces Pulmonary and Systemic Venoconstriction." In Veins, 109–15. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8_11.

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Gotoh, Kohshi, Yasuo Yagi, Hisato Takatsu, Yasushi Terashima, Kenshi Nagashima, Toshiyuki Sawa, Fumiko Deguchi, et al. "Human Pulmonary Venous Return Curve: Effect of Dopamine." In Veins, 116–23. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8_12.

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Arakawa, Michio, Hiroshi Miwa, Yoshimi Ito, Kensaku Kagawa, Toshiyuki Noda, Kazuhiko Nishigaki, Masaaki Tomita, Ryuhei Tanaka, and Senri Hirakawa. "Pulmonary Vein Flow Velocity-Time Profile for Semiquantitative Estimates of Left Atrial Storage Fraction." In Veins, 124–32. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8_13.

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Hirai, Masafumi. "Venous Disorders of the Leg Evaluated by a Plethysmographic Technique." In Veins, 133–40. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8_14.

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Kajiya, Fumihiko, Akihiro Kimura, Osamu Hiramatsu, Yasuo Ogasawara, and Katsuhiko Tsujioka. "Coronary Venous Flow." In Veins, 9–22. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8_2.

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Kamiya, Akira, Masahiro Shibata, and Mitra Sohirad. "Macromolecular Permeability and Hydraulic Conductivity Through Large Pores Across a Single Venular Capillary." In Veins, 23–32. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8_3.

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Ohhashi, Toshio, Keiko Morimoto-Murase, and Takeshi Kitoh. "Physiology and Functional Anatomy of the Venous System." In Veins, 33–47. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8_4.

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Tyberg, John V., and Sandra E. Baker. "Venous Capacitance Changes in Congestive Heart Failure and Exercise." In Veins, 48–60. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68385-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Veins"

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Martinez, Ricky, Cesar A. Fierro, and Hai-Chao Han. "Critical Buckling Pressure of Veins." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192456.

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Vein tortuosity is often seen as a consequence of venous hypertension and chronic venous disease. However, the underlying mechanism of vein tortuosity is unclear. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hypertensive pressure causes vein buckling that leads to tortuous veins. We determined the buckling pressure of porcine jugular veins and tested the mechanical properties of these veins. Our results demonstrated that veins buckle when the transmural pressure exceeds a critical pressure that is not much higher than normal venous pressure. The critical pressure was found to be strongly related to the axial strain in the veins. Our results are useful in understanding the development of varicose veins.
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Garcia, Justin R., and Hai-Chao Han. "The Stability of Veins Under Torsion." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80578.

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Twisted veins are observed throughout the body and are often associated with health risks such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus [1]. Recently, it has been shown that veins will buckle and become tortuous when lumen pressure exceeds a critical value [2]. However, veins also undergo twist deformations in vivo due to body movement, vein grafting, and microanastomosis procedures which may lead to reduced patency, kinking, and thrombus formation [3, 4]. In spite of this, little data is available regarding the stability of veins when subject to twist deformations. Therefore, it is of clinical interest to investigate the mechanical stability of veins under torsion.
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White, Jacob, Ying Hu, Sangjin Ryu, Seunghee Kim, and Haipeng Zhang. "Geometric Analysis of Insect Wing Vein Network." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87031.

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Abstract An insect wing consists of a thin membrane supported by a system of veins, and flow of blood through the system of veins is critical for maintaining healthy insect wings. Better understanding of the insect wing vein circulation requires to know how the efficiency of blood flow in an insect wing relates to the geometric shape of the vein. Our investigation of the wing vein network of a dragonfly Anax junius follows the idea of Murray’s law, which is established in the study of efficiency of the vein network and the geometric shape of the vein. Instead of using the classic Murray’s law for circular cross-sections, we derived a variation of the Murray’s law for vein cross-sections of equilateral triangles. Then, we evaluated the conformity of the studied wing vein network to Murray’s law by measuring the diameter of veins of the forewing of A. junius. Our data suggest that the vein network does not abide by the class Murray’s law and support that the shape of the vein is not cylindrical.
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Cristea, Dan, Nancy Ide, and Laurent Romary. "Veins Theory." In the 17th international conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/980451.980891.

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Cristea, Dan, Nancy Ide, and Laurent Romary. "Veins Theory." In the 36th annual meeting. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/980845.980891.

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Aralbekova, M. A., and D. M. Kunbassova. "ОСОБЕННОСТИХРУСТАЛЕНОСНОСТИУЛЫТАУСКОГОРАЙОНА." In International Trends in Science and Technology. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/28022021/7436.

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The Ulytau crystal-bearing region is located in the western part of the Kazakh folded country, distinguished by a significant complexity of the geological structure. The latter is due to the heterogeneity and varying degrees of dislocation of its constituent rocks.In connection with the manifestation of two stages of tectogenesis, two structural stages are distinguished in the folded base of the Ulytau zone.The purpose of this article is to study the features of the crystal content of the region.On the territory of the Ulytau district, 140 vein fields were identified, numbering up to 6,000 quartz veins, of which 1,700 with signs of crystallinity. Of the total number of crystal-bearing veins, 1100 were explored, located within 75 vein fields. Quartz veins, including crystal-bearing ones, are found in almost all rocks, including deposits of the Middle Carboniferous, which determine the upper age limit of the veins in the region.Productive (industrially -crystal-bearing) mineralization is manifested in the contours of the region more locally. Of the 110 identified fields and areas, industrial mineralization is associated with vein formations only 18 objects.
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Bonfiglio, Andrea, Kritsada Leungchavaphongse, Rodolfo Repetto, and Jennifer H. Siggers. "A Mathematical Model of Blood Circulation in the Liver Lobule." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19237.

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The liver has a specialized circulation. It is supplied by two main vessels: the hepatic portal vein, carrying nutrient-rich deoxygenated blood, and the hepatic artery, carrying oxygenated blood. The hepatic portal vein supplies up to 80% of the blood. Within the liver, both the portal vein and the hepatic artery undergo a series of successive bifurcations, which end at the portal tracts. Each portal tract contains three vessels: a portal vein, an artery and a bile duct. Blood drains out from the portal tracts into the sinusoidal space and from there into the central veins. The central veins, after a series of converging bifurcations, end at the hepatic veins, which carry blood out of the liver. The sinusoidal space consists of a network of tortuous, interconnected channels called sinusoids. One of the most common and widely accepted descriptions of the primitive units of the liver is the “classic lobule”. A diagram of an idealized arrangement of liver lobules is shown in Figure 1. Each lobule has the shape of a hexagonal prism with a portal tract running along each of the parallel edges and a central vein on the central axis. The remainder of the space is made up of sinusoids.
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Liu, Weizhen, Ao Li, Ze Wu, Yue Li, Baobin Ge, Guangyu Lan, Shilin Chen, et al. "Revealing Hierarchical Structure of Leaf Venations in Plant Science via Label-Efficient Segmentation: Dataset and Method." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/815.

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Hierarchical leaf vein segmentation is a crucial but under-explored task in agricultural sciences, where analysis of the hierarchical structure of plant leaf venation can contribute to plant breeding. While current segmentation techniques rely on data-driven models, there is no publicly available dataset specifically designed for hierarchical leaf vein segmentation. To address this gap, we introduce the HierArchical Leaf Vein Segmentation (HALVS) dataset, the first public hierarchical leaf vein segmentation dataset. HALVS comprises 5,057 real-scanned high-resolution leaf images collected from three plant species: soybean, sweet cherry, and London planetree. It also includes human-annotated ground truth for three orders of leaf veins, with a total labeling effort of 83.8 person-days. Based on HALVS, we further develop a label-efficient learning paradigm that leverages partial label information, i.e. missing annotations for tertiary veins. Empirical studies are performed on HALVS, revealing new observations, challenges, and research directions on leaf vein segmentation. Our dataset and code are available at https://github.com/WeizhenLiuBioinform/ HALVS-Hierarchical-Vein-Segment.
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"Hand Veins Recognition System." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004688701220129.

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Han, Yoon Chung, and Nhat Nguyen. "The Roads of Your Veins: Visualizing Map and Vein Data Matching." In CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3383153.

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Reports on the topic "Veins"

1

Ruzicka, V. Granitoid-associated veins. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/213724.

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Tan, Junjie, Yanhui Chen, Jianwen Huang, and Weiguo Xu. Endovenous Ablation for the treatment of Small Saphenous Varicose Veins: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0134.

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Review question / Objective: The aim is to summarize the results of existing studies on the endovenous ablation (EVA) for the treatment of small saphenous vein (SSV) varicose veins and to compare its role and efficacy. Condition being studied: 5% of varicose veins in the lower extremities are caused by the dysfunction of small saphenous veins (SSV). The endovenous ablation (EVA) for the treatment of SSV varices has become a trend. A study aiming to demonstrate the efficacy of a new technique in treating SSV insufficiency and varicosities is perparing to be conducted by the center where the authors of this review are affiliated with.
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Ruzicka, V. Veins in shear zones. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207994.

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Ruzicka, V., and R. I. Thorpe. Arsenide silver-cobalt veins. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207996.

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Piller, Neil, and Byung Boong Lee. VL-DUAL. Fondazione Vasculab, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24019/2023.vl-dual.

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Macdonald, A. S. Lake Ainslie barite-fluorite veins, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210474.

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Love, D. A. Structural Controls On Veins of the Mount Skukum Gold Deposit, southwestern Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131404.

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Batchelor, E. W., W. A. Padgham, D. Atkinson, and J. S. Kermeen. Gold Quartz Veins Along the West Margin of the Yellowknife Supracrustal Basin. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132314.

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Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross, and D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.

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The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Bousquet Formation upper member, which is part of the Blake River Group (2704-2695 Ma). Zones 4, 4.1, and 5 at the LZ5 mine are hosted in intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood andesitic to rhyodacitic unit (unit 5.1a), which forms the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation. The Ellison Zone A is hosted higher up in the stratigraphic sequence within a newly described intermediate volcanic unit. The Ellison Zone B is hosted in felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood feldsparphyric rhyolite dome (subunit 5.3a-(b)). Mineralization in all three zones of the LZ5 deposit consists of discordant networks of millimeter- to centimeter-thick pyrite ±chalcopyrite ±sphalerite ±pyrrhotite veins and veinlets (10-20 % of the volume of the rock) and, to a lesser extent, very finely disseminated pyrite and boudinaged veins (less than or equal to 5 vol. % each) in strongly altered host rocks. Gold commonly occurs as microscopic inclusions in granoblastic pyrite and at the triple junction between recrystallized grains. The veins, stockworks, and disseminations were intensely folded and transposed in the steeply south-dipping, east-west trending S2 foliation. The vein network is at least partly discordant to the stratigraphy. A distal alteration halo envelops the LZ5 mineralized corridors and consists of a sericite-carbonate-chlorite- feldspar ±biotite assemblage. A proximal sericite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite-quartz- feldspar-biotite ±epidote alteration assemblage is present within the LZ5 mineralized zones. A local proximal alteration assemblage of sericite-quartz-pyrite is also locally developed within Zone 4 and Zone 5 of the LZ5 deposit. Mass gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O, and mass losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and locally SiO2, are characteristic of the LZ5 alteration zones. The Ellison zone A and B are similar to LZ5 in terms of style of mineralization, but thin (10-20 cm) veins or bands of semi-massive to massive, finely recrystallized disseminated pyrite (0.1-1 mm) are distinctive. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are also slightly more abundant in the mineralized corridors of the Ellison property and are usually associated with elevated gold grades. The zones are also slightly richer than at LZ5 in terms of gold and silver content, but narrower and less continuous in general. The Ellison Zone A is characterized by gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O and losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and SiO2. Gains in Fe2O3 (t) and local gains in K2O, MgO, and MnO, and losses in CO2, Na2O, P2O5, and SiO2, characterize the felsic host rocks of the Zone B corridor. The style of mineralization at LZ5 (pyrite ±chalcopyrite veins and veinlets, ±disseminated pyrite with low base metal content), its setting (i.e. in rocks of intermediate composition at the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation), and the geometry of its ore zones (stacked lenses of sulfide veins and veinlets, without massive sulfide lenses) differ from the other major deposits of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp. Despite these differences, this study indicates that the LZ5 and Ellison mineralized corridors are of synvolcanic hydrothermal origin and have most likely been formed by convective circulation of seawater below the seafloor. An influx of magmatic fluids from the Mooshla synvolcanic intrusive complex or its parent magma chamber could explain the Au enrichment at LZ5, as has been suggested for other deposits of the camp. Evidence for a pre-deformation synvolcanic mineralization at LZ5 includes ductile deformation and recrystallization of the sulfides, the stacked nature of its ore zones, subconcordant alteration halos that envelop the mineralized corridors, evidence that the mineralized system was already active when the LZ5 lenses were deposited and control on mineralization by primary volcanic features such as the permeability and porosity of the volcanic rocks.
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Paiement, J. P., G. Beaudoin, and S. Paradis. Geological setting of Ag-Pb-Zn veins in the Purcell Basin, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/223693.

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