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1
Arana, Raúl Pariona, Gustavo Urquizo Videla, and Francisco Valdez Silva. Veinte años de vigencia del Código penal peruano: Desarrollos dogmáticos y jurisprudenciales. Lima, Perú]: Editora y Libreria Jurídica Grijley, 2012.
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2
Adames, Fausto Rosario. Veinte años de impunidad: Investigación de casos de corrupción en la justicia dominicana, 1983-2003. Santo Domingo, R.D: Participación Ciudadana, 2004.
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3
Pichler, Michael R., and Robert D. Brown. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0017.
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Thrombosis of cortical veins and/or dural venous sinuses (CVT) is a rare but potentially devastating condition. CVT is more common in women and is strongly associated with pregnancy and the postpartum period, likely due to numerous procoagulant changes during this time. CVT can cause a wide range of symptoms depending on location of thrombosis. Clinical manifestations can include headache, cranial nerve deficits, seizures, and venous infarction with associated focal neurologic deficits. Severe cases may progress to coma and death, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. The approach to management of CVT during pregnancy and the postpartum period must be tailored to prevent complications to the mother and child. This chapter addresses the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of CVT in pregnancy and the postpartum period.
4
Peppelenbosch, A. G., and Martijn Poeze. Ischaemic bowel in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0186.
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Intestinal ischaemia is caused by occlusion of the visceral arteries, thrombosis of the mesenteric veins, or by (low-flow) non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (NOMI). Each condition has a specific diagnostic and therapeutic work-up and prognostic significance. The incidence of acute mesenteric infarction is as low as 0.63 cases/100,000 person years, but overall mortality rates remains high at 74%. In general, a high index of suspicion is necessary and should be followed by administering therapeutic low molecular weight heparin or systemic heparin infusion. In these patients resuscitation and organ support are essential, but should not delay diagnostic work-up, including CT-angiography. With arterial occlusion, revascularization should be performed if indicated, preferentially using endovascular techniques prior to laparotomy. For venous occlusion, thrombolytic therapy directly into the superior mesenteric artery or venous thrombectomy can be performed, followed by laparotomy. The treatment of NOMI is to treat the underlying cause.
5
Heidbuchel, Hein, Mattias Duytschaever, and Haran Burri, eds. The EHRA Book of Interventional Electrophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766377.001.0001.
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The EHRA Book of Interventional Electrophysiology is the second official textbook of European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Using clinical cases to encourage practical learning, this book assists electrophysiologists and device specialists in tackling both common and unusual situations that they may encounter during daily practice. Covering electrophysiological procedures for supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, the book enables specialists to deepen their understanding of complex concepts and techniques. Tracings are presented with multiple choice questions to allow readers to hone their skills for interpreting challenging cases and to prepare for the EHRA certification exam in electrophysiology. Cases include orthodromic atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia, pulmonary vein isolation, ventricular tachycardia ablation, and atypical left atrial flutter, to name a few.
6
Khan, Sabina A., and Nitin Wadhwa. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0016.
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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by malformation of the diaphragm, allowing for herniation of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. The most significant sequelae of this herniation are pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension, both contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Multiple strategies exist to minimize respiratory compromise and improve outcome in a patient with CDH, including fetal intervention in selective cases, medical and pharmaceutical management, advanced ventilation strategies, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and complete surgical repair. Veno-arterial ECMO (circuit between the internal jugular vein and the carotid artery) is used in infants who are unstable and require aggressive cardiopulmonary support, and veno-venous ECMO (circuit with a double lumen catheter in the internal jugular vein) is used in infants who only need respiratory support.
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Saha, Sudip. Septic Thrombophlebitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0021.
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Septic (suppurative) thrombophlebitis is venous thrombosis in the setting of bacteremia. There is usually a degree of perivascular inflammation seen on histology. Septic thrombophlebitis occurs most commonly with intravenous catheters. However, most cases of infection related to intravenous catheters are not complicated by septic thrombophlebitis. Catheter-related septic thrombophlebitis includes erythema, tenderness, and/or drainage at the site of an intravenous catheter. Jugular vein septic thrombophlebitis, also known as Lemierre’s syndrome, is a subset of septic thrombophlebitis. This condition can affect otherwise young, healthy adults and is often preceded by pharyngitis with tonsillar and peritonsillar involvement, dental infections, or infectious mononucleosis. Presentation of jugular vein septic thrombophlebitis includes high fevers, rigors, respiratory distress, ulceration or erythema of the oropharynx, and tenderness and swelling of the neck. Primary treatment of thrombophlebitis includes removal of infected materials, intravenous antibiotics, and possible anticoagulation.
8
Linke, Uli. Gendering Europe, Europeanizing Gender: The Politics of Difference in a Global Era. Edited by Dan Stone. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560981.013.0011.
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When attempting to understand the cultural politics of gender in Europe after 1945, some readers will undoubtedly anticipate answers to the following question: To what extent have the impact of the Cold War, the rise of feminism, the supposedly sexually liberated 1960s, the emergence of ‘post-feminism’, and the putative ‘crisis of masculinity’ changed attitudes towards gender and sexuality, and impacted on gender-related legislation? This article examines the cultural politics of gender at the juncture of globalisation, securitisation, and Europeanisation, and explores how Europeans have ‘fashioned their distinction’ in attempts to reconstitute themselves as global citizens in a multi-ethnic, post-imperial Europe. By focusing on the commoditisation of white femaleness, the coercive normalisation of Muslim masculinity, the ‘liberation’ of the veiled Muslim woman, and the eroticisation of black men in white consumer fantasy, the article's analysis of exemplary cases demonstrates how gendered imaginaries in Europe are forged by a complex dialogue with race, nation, capitalism, sex, and security.
9
Galiè, Nazzareno, Alessandra Manes, and Massimiliano Palazzini. Pulmonary hypertension. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0065.
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Pulmonary hypertension is a haemodynamic and pathophysiological condition defined as an increase in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure of ≥25 mmHg at rest, as assessed by right heart catheterization. In fact, while transthoracic echocardiography may provide clues on the presence of pulmonary hypertension, the haemodynamic evaluation offers a more precise and comprehensive assessment. Pulmonary hypertension is heterogeneous from a pathophysiological point of view, and the diversity is reflected in the haemodynamic definitions. The different haemodynamic forms of pulmonary hypertension can be found in multiple clinical conditions which have been classified into six main groups and at least twenty-six subgroups. Each main clinical group shows specific pathological changes in the lung distal arteries, capillaries, and small veins. If we combine the haemodynamic and clinical heterogeneity, we understand the complexity of an accurate diagnosis in the individual patient which is crucial for the prognostic assessment and treatment strategy. In addition, the concomitant presence of different haemodynamic and clinical mechanisms cannot be excluded in individual cases (e.g. in patients with congestive heart failure and associated lung diseases). The presence of pulmonary hypertension, as defined above, is always an ominous prognostic sign, even if the severity may differ according to the haemodynamic changes and underlying clinical condition. The therapeutic approach also is markedly different, according to the clinical group, and symptomatic and haemodynamic severity. For these reasons, the four more frequent clinical groups are discussed individually, while the classifications are described in the Introduction section.
10
Loochtan, Aaron I., Jodi Dodds, and Cheryl D. Bushnell. Hemorrhagic Stroke Management in Pregnancy. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0015.
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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) during pregnancy and the puerperuim is a rare but potentially devastating complication of pregnancy. It is a condition that requires emergent medical attention and inclusion of multiple medical and or surgical specialists. Accurate diagnosis based on clinical exam and supported by neuroimaging techniques is essential. Medical management is the mainstay in most cases including post-hemorrhage blood product consideration, reversal agents if on anti-coagulation, blood pressure control, cerebral edema management, and treatment of seizures. Circumstances also arise in which surgical intervention is needed. It is important to also discuss optimal timing of delivery. Postpartum care including close blood pressure control, deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis (DVT), and risk factor modification are important. Ethical situations sometimes arise and must also be considered with respect to the mother and child.
11
Zaitchik, Benjamin F. Climate and Health across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.555.
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Humans have understood the importance of climate to human health since ancient times. In some cases, the connections appear to be obvious: a flood can cause drownings, a drought can lead to crop failure and hunger, and temperature extremes pose a risk of exposure. In other cases, the connections are veiled by complex or unobserved processes, such that the influence of climate on a disease epidemic or a conflict can be difficult to diagnose. In reality, however, all climate impacts on health are mediated by some combination of natural and human dynamics that cause individuals or populations to be vulnerable to the effects of a variable or changing climate.Understanding and managing negative health impacts of climate is a global challenge. The challenge is greater in regions with high poverty and weak institutions, however, and Africa is a continent where the health burden of climate is particularly acute. Observed climate variability in the modern era has been associated with widespread food insecurity, significant epidemics of infectious disease, and loss of life and livelihoods to climate extremes. Anthropogenic climate change is a further stress that has the potential to increase malnutrition, alter the distribution of diseases, and bring more frequent hydrological and temperature extremes to many regions across the continent.Skillful early warning systems and informed climate change adaptation strategies have the potential to enhance resilience to short-term climate variability and to buffer against negative impacts of climate change. But effective warnings and projections require both scientific and institutional capacity to address complex processes that are mediated by physical, ecological, and societal systems. Here the state of understanding climate impacts on health in Africa is summarized through a selective review that focuses on food security, infectious disease, and extreme events. The potential to apply scientific understanding to early warning and climate change projection is also considered.
12
Neumann, Jacqueline, Gerhard Czermak, Reinhard Merkel, and Holm Putzke, eds. Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Weltanschauungsrecht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748900344.
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This groundbreaking volume on secular law in Germany brings together scholars on a variety of topics regarding the separation of the state and religion. It conducts in-depth legal analyses dealing with a wide range of recent cases in which the rule of law and the neutral role of the secular state were put at risk by religious politics. The book’s 21 essays cover topics such as human rights, the constitutional roots of the secular state, freedom of belief and non-belief, medically assisted suicide, sexual self-determination, abortion, genital mutilation, criminal prosecution in the Catholic Church’s sex abuse scandal, the collection of church taxes by the state based on baptisms of infants and minors, the collection of special church fees from atheists and Muslims by the state, church labour law, discrimination against members of the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster and Islamic veils in state schools. With contributions by editors and authors Dr. Gerhard Czermak | RiBGH Prof. Dr. Ralf Eschelbach | Dr. Carsten Frerk | Prof. Dr. Michael Hassemer | Johann-Albrecht Haupt | Prof. Dr. Rolf Dietrich Herzberg | Prof. Dr. Matthias Franz | Dr. Volker Korndörfer | Prof. Dr. Hartmut Kreß | Ingrid Matthäus-Maier | RA Dr. Till Müller-Heidelberg | Prof. Dr. Reinhard Merkel | RA Ludwig A. Minelli | Dr. Jacqueline Neumann | Prof. Dr. Dres. h.c. Ulfrid Neumann | Prof. Dr. Holm Putzke | RA Dr. Winfried Rath | StaatsMin a.D. Diplom-Jurist Rolf Schwanitz | Prof. Dr. Jörg Scheinfeld | Dr. Michael Schmidt-Salomon | Sarah Willenbacher
13
Torbicki, Adam, Marcin Kurzyna, and Stavros Konstantinides. Pulmonary embolism. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0066.
Full textAbstract:
Pulmonary embolism is usually a consequence of deep vein thrombosis, and together the two conditions are known as venous thromboembolism. Non-thromboembolic causes of pulmonary embolism are rare. Pulmonary thromboembolism is a potentially life-threatening disease, if left untreated. This is due to a natural tendency towards early recurrence of pulmonary emboli which may lead to fatal right ventricular failure. In more severe cases, secondary right ventricular failure may result from myocardial ischaemia and injury caused by systemic hypotension and adrenergic overstimulation. Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism is non-specific and may include dyspnoea, chest pain, haemoptysis, syncope, hypotension, and shock. Patients with suggestive history, symptoms, and signs require an immediate triage which determines further management strategy. Computerized tomographic angiography has become the mainstay of diagnosis. However, depending on the clinical presentation, treatment decisions may also be made based on results from other tests. In particular, in high-risk patients with persistent hypotension or shock, bedside echocardiography may be the only available test to identify patients in need of primary thrombolysis, surgical embolectomy, or percutaneous intervention which will stabilize the systemic cardiac output. For most normotensive patients, anticoagulation is sufficient as initial treatment. However, in the presence of signs of right ventricular dysfunction and myocardial injury monitoring is recommended to allow prompt rescue reperfusion therapy in case of haemodynamic decompensation.
14
Torbicki, Adam, Marcin Kurzyna, and Stavros Konstantinides. Pulmonary embolism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0066_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
Pulmonary embolism is usually a consequence of deep vein thrombosis, and together the two conditions are known as venous thromboembolism. Non-thromboembolic causes of pulmonary embolism are rare. Pulmonary thromboembolism is a potentially life-threatening disease, if left untreated. This is due to a natural tendency towards early recurrence of pulmonary emboli which may lead to fatal right ventricular failure. In more severe cases, secondary right ventricular failure may result from myocardial ischaemia and injury caused by systemic hypotension and adrenergic overstimulation. Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism is non-specific and may include dyspnoea, chest pain, haemoptysis, syncope, hypotension, and shock. Patients with suggestive history, symptoms, and signs require an immediate triage which determines further management strategy. Computerized tomographic angiography has become the mainstay of diagnosis. However, depending on the clinical presentation, treatment decisions may also be made based on results from other tests. In particular, in high-risk patients with persistent hypotension or shock, bedside echocardiography may be the only available test to identify patients in need of primary thrombolysis, surgical embolectomy, or percutaneous intervention which will stabilize the systemic cardiac output. For most normotensive patients, anticoagulation is sufficient as initial treatment. However, in the presence of signs of right ventricular dysfunction and myocardial injury monitoring is recommended to allow prompt rescue reperfusion therapy in case of haemodynamic decompensation.
15
Torbicki, Adam, Marcin Kurzyna, and Stavros Konstantinides. Pulmonary embolism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0066_update_002.
Full textAbstract:
Pulmonary embolism is usually a consequence of deep vein thrombosis, and together the two conditions are known as venous thromboembolism. Non-thromboembolic causes of pulmonary embolism are rare. Pulmonary thromboembolism is a potentially life-threatening disease, if left untreated. This is due to a natural tendency towards early recurrence of pulmonary emboli which may lead to fatal right ventricular failure. In more severe cases, secondary right ventricular failure may result from myocardial ischaemia and injury caused by systemic hypotension and adrenergic overstimulation. Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism is non-specific and may include dyspnoea, chest pain, haemoptysis, syncope, hypotension, and shock. Patients with suggestive history, symptoms, and signs require an immediate triage which determines further management strategy. Computerized tomographic angiography has become the mainstay of diagnosis. However, depending on the clinical presentation, treatment decisions may also be made based on results from other tests. In particular, in high-risk patients with persistent hypotension or shock, bedside echocardiography may be the only available test to identify patients in need of primary thrombolysis, surgical embolectomy, or percutaneous intervention which will stabilize the systemic cardiac output. For most normotensive patients, anticoagulation is sufficient as initial treatment. However, in the presence of signs of right ventricular dysfunction and myocardial injury monitoring is recommended to allow prompt rescue reperfusion therapy in case of haemodynamic decompensation.
16
Torbicki, Adam, Marcin Kurzyna, and Stavros Konstantinides. Pulmonary embolism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0066_update_003.
Full textAbstract:
Pulmonary embolism is usually a consequence of deep vein thrombosis, and together the two conditions are known as venous thromboembolism. Non-thromboembolic causes of pulmonary embolism are rare. Pulmonary thromboembolism is a potentially life-threatening disease, if left untreated. This is due to a natural tendency towards early recurrence of pulmonary emboli which may lead to fatal right ventricular failure. In more severe cases, secondary right ventricular failure may result from myocardial ischaemia and injury caused by systemic hypotension and adrenergic overstimulation. Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism is non-specific and may include dyspnoea, chest pain, haemoptysis, syncope, hypotension, and shock. Patients with suggestive history, symptoms, and signs require an immediate triage which determines further management strategy. Computerized tomographic angiography has become the mainstay of diagnosis. However, depending on the clinical presentation, treatment decisions may also be made based on results from other tests. In particular, in high-risk patients with persistent hypotension or shock, bedside echocardiography may be the only available test to identify patients in need of primary thrombolysis, surgical embolectomy, or percutaneous intervention which will stabilize the systemic cardiac output. For most normotensive patients, anticoagulation is sufficient as initial treatment. However, in the presence of signs of right ventricular dysfunction and myocardial injury monitoring is recommended to allow prompt rescue reperfusion therapy in case of haemodynamic decompensation.
17
Ormand, Kirk. Controlling Desires. www.praeger.com, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400631696.
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Historians of ancient Greece and Rome are sometimes hesitant to engage with the well-documented fact that Greek and Roman men regularly engaged in same-sex sexual relations with younger men. In a similar vein, scholars have constructed elaborate social explanations for Sappho, a 6th-century woman from the island of Lesbos who wrote passionate poetry about her erotic relations with a number of women, in order to avoid her apparent sexual orientation. On the other hand, in recent times the Greeks and Romans have occasionally been idealized as prototypes of modern homosexuality or bisexuality. In this engaging, cross-disciplinary book, Ormand argues that the Greeks and Romans thought of sex and sexuality in ways fundamentally different from our own. Ormand's exploration of Greek and Roman sexual practice allows readers the opportunity to see how attitudes and beliefs about sex—sexuality, in short—functioned in the early civilizations of the West, and how those attitudes reveal the unspoken rules that defined public and private behavior. Ormand treats Greece and Rome in separate sections, with ample cross-references and comparisons. Within each section, individual chapters focus on different types of texts and visual arts. Just as sexuality is presented differently in our legal cases than it is on television sitcoms, or supermarket tabloids, the reader will naturally find that the Greeks and Romans talk one way about sex, love, and marriage in legal speeches and another way in comedies, satires, and philosophical texts. Ormand's analysis takes into account changes in attitude over time, as well as different modes of presenting a complex and interconnected set of social beliefs and behaviors.