Academic literature on the topic 'Véhicules électriques – Design – Consommation d'énergie'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Véhicules électriques – Design – Consommation d'énergie":
Aroua, Ayoub. "Mise à l'échelle des entraînements électromécaniques pour la conception au niveau système dans les premières phases de développement des véhicules électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN042.
The automotive industry is required to accelerate the development and deployment of electrified vehicles at a faster pace than ever, to align the transportation sector with the climate goals. Reducing the development time of electric vehicles becomes an urgent priority. On the other hand, the industry is challenged by the increasing complexity and large design space of the emerging electrified powertrains. The existing approaches to address component design, such as numerical methods exemplified by finite element method, computational fluid dynamic, etc., are based on a detailed design process. This leads to a long computational burden when trying to incorporate them at system-level. Speeding up the early development phases of electrified vehicles necessitates new methodologies and tools, supporting the exploration of the system-level design space. These methodologies should allow for assessing different sizing choices of electrified powertrains in the early development phases, both efficiently in terms of computational time and with reliable results in terms of energy consumption at system-level. To address this challenge, this Ph.D. thesis aims to develop a scaling methodology for electric axles, allowing system-level investigation of different power-rated electric vehicles. The electric axle considered in this thesis comprises a voltage source inverter, an electric machine, a gearbox, and a control unit. The scaling procedure is aimed at predicting the data of a newly defined design of a given component with different specifications based on a reference design, without redoing time and effort-consuming steps. For this purpose, different derivations of scaling laws of the electric axle components are thoroughly discussed and compared at component-level in terms of power loss scaling. A particular emphasis is placed on examining the linear losses-to-power scaling method, which is widely employed in system-level studies. This is because, this method presents questionable assumptions, and has not been the subject of a comprehensive examination. A key contribution of the presented work is the derivation of power loss scaling laws of gearboxes, which has been identified as a gap in the current literature. This is achieved through an intensive experimental campaign using commercial gearboxes. To incorporate the scaling laws at system-level and study the interaction between the scaled components, the energetic macroscopic representation formalism is employed. The novelty of the proposed method lies in structuring a scalable model and control for a reference electric axle to be used in system-level simulation. The novel organization consists of a reference model and control complemented by two power adaptation elements at the electrical and mechanical sides. These latter elements consider the scaling effects, including the power losses. The methodology is applied for different study cases of battery electric vehicles, ranging from light to heavy-duty vehicles. Particular attention is paid to assessing the impact of the linear power-to-losses scaling method on the energy consumption considering different power scaling factors and driving cycles, as compared to high-fidelity scaling methods
Desreveaux, Anatole. "Impact de facteurs techniques sur la consommation énergétique de véhicules électriques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I004.
Global Warning is one of the major challenges for the 21st century. The transport sector is one of the biggest emitters of greenhouse gas. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are one of the solutions able to reduce those emissions. However, the driving range of the vehicle is one of the barriers for EVs’ adoption. The Campus of University with Mobility based on Innovation and carbon Neutral (CUMIN) program aims at reducing the greenhouse gas emissions produced by mobility at campus “Cité Scientifique” of the University of Lille. EVs are one of the solutions studied to reduce emissions on this campus. For this solution, the university wishes to study the implementation of charging stations to promote EVs. In order to do this, a tool for estimating the energy consumption of an EV is required.Many factors have an impact on the energy consumption of EVs or their driving range. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of the different factors so as to have a better estimation of the driving ranges of those cars. In this PhD Thesis, the impact of different factors on the energy consumption of an Electric Vehicle has been assessed with a simulation tool developed on purpose. The suggested tool takes into account the energy consumption of the traction system, the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system and the other auxiliaries of the vehicle. This tool has been developed with Energetic Macroscopic Representation. This formalism aims at organizing the model using a forward approach. With this approach, it is possible to take into account the limitations of the system in the simulation tool of the vehicle. In this thesis, the modeling of the different parts have been developed, then validated with experimental tests. Finally, simulations have been carried out to evaluate the impact of the different factors on the energy consumption of an EV
Baouche, Fouad. "Outils pour l'optimisation de la consommation des véhicules électriques." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0003/document.
The current ecological and economic context encourages the authorities and the public to reduce CO2 emissions and oil dependence. The transportation is responsible for 23% of pollutants emissions in the world, and this proportion increases up to 37% in France/ The adoption of new transport solutions is primordial to reduce these emissions. Electro mobility is a viable alternative to conventional vehicles. While electric vehicles offer mobility with zero emissions, some of their characteristicds impede their development. The main obtacle to the adoption of these vehicles is the limited autonomy, a sparse distribution of charging stations in urban areas as well as a significant charging time. Also, to promote the use of this type of mobility, it is primordial to develop tools that optimize the energy consumption and take in to account the characteristics associated with this type of mobility. To achieve this, three areas are difined: modeling of electric vehicles, optimized charging station deployment and eco routing. The first part of this theis focuses on the consumption estimation of the electric vehicles and the presentation of the dynamic model library VEHLIB. The second part is dedicated to optimal allocation of charging stations; A methodology for the deployment of electric vehicle charging infrastructures is proposed for the urban area o fthe city of Lyon, taking into account the mobility demand derived from the household travel surveys.The third part of the thesis deals with the eco-routing (green routing). A multi-objective methodology for eco routing with recharge en-route is proposed. The solutions take into account battery state does not permit to finish the trip.Finally, an experiment was carried out using an electric vehicle equipped with position and consumption sensors in order to validate the proposed methodologies and analyze exogenous factor that impact the electric vehicle consumption
Diop, Daour. "Contribution à la gestion de l'énergie d'un véhicule hybride série." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2003.
This work presents the energy management of a series hybrid vehicle. It is a platform equipped with three sources of energy, two thermal engines involving each one an alternator-rectifier, and a battery. The objective is to provide energy necessary for the operation of the traction motors and the auxiliaries. The study was undertaken by a hierarchical step. The first chapter models the sources of energy while starting with the battery. The estimate of its state of charge is obtained by parametric identification. Then a look-up table model of the thermal engine is developed. Two alternators - converters are modelled and associated to diesel engines. The chapter 2 treats the optimal sharing of power between the two power generating units of which one is at fixed speed and the other at variable speed. The solved problem is an optimization with like constraint the minimization of the fuel consumption. The results obtained show the interest of the group at variable speed at low power. The last part of the report is devoted to simulation and the implementation in real time of the system. This chapter studies the management of the instructions of injection for the thermal engines and the development of the instructions for control of current through the DC side of the rectifiers. The interconnection of the models of the sources to the signals of the calculator or HEART of the system made it possible to simulate the behaviour of the sources of energy of the vehicle. Finally the diagram of implementation in real time is presented, the models being replaced by the real subsets of the bench. It appears, through this study, the undeniable interest of the series hybrid vehicle to answer the insufficiencies of the electric vehicle limited by its autonomy. The first tests showed the direct impact of the laws of energy management and their performance on the use of series hybrid electric vehicle
El, Khoury Georges. "Etude et simulation de systèmes de climatisation adaptés aux véhicules hybrides." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1357.
This dissertation aims at analyzing the impact of the air-conditioning system on hybrid vehicles by using data of the additional fuel consumption due to MAC operation. Those data are obtained on roll benches (UTAC and CRF) and test benches (CEP and VALEO) dedicated to mobile air conditioning systems. Tests on Prius I show that energy savigs due to hybridization are compromised when the air conditioning system is driven by a mechanical compressor, which requires operation of the engine when the vehicle is stopped. Electrical and hybrid compressors have been tested. Air conditioning loops integrating those compressors are simulated via a set of MACLIB routines developed during this thesis in Matlab/Simulink language. MACLIB is then integrated in the ADVISOR simulator in order to evaluate additional fuel consumptions of the different air conditioning systems installed on a reference hybrid vehicle. Some simulations have been validated by tests performed on roll benches at UTAC, on the Prius II equipped with an electric compressor. Once MACLIB has been validated, comparative analyses of air conditioning systems either mechanical, or electrical, or hybrid (mechanical/electrical) installed on the reference vehicle, have been performed. Those analyses end by the evaluation of the annual additional fuel consumption of mobile air conditioning systems operating under two European climatic conditions
Trigui, Rochdi. "Motorisation asynchrone pour véhicules électriques : modélisation, optimisation et évaluation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL064N.
Nguyen, Bao Huy. "Stratégies de gestion d’énergie pour véhicules électriques et hybride avec systèmes hybride de stockage d’énergie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I045/document.
Electric and hybrid vehicles are among the keys to solve the problems of global warming and exhausted fossil fuel resources in transportation sector. Due to the limits of energy sources and energy converters in terms of power and energy, hybridizations are of interest for future electrified vehicles. Two typical hybridizations are studied in this thesis: • hybrid energy storage subsystem combining batteries and supercapacitors (SCs); and• hybrid traction subsystem combining internal combustion engine and electric drive. Such combined energy sources and converters must be handled by energy management strategies (EMSs). In which, optimization-based methods are of interest due to their high performance. Nonetheless, these methods are often complicated and computation consuming which can be difficult to be realized in real-world applications.The objective of this thesis is to develop simple but effective real-time optimization-based EMSs for an electric car and a parallel hybrid truck supplied by batteries and SCs. The complexities of the studied system are tackled by using Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) which helps to conduct reduced models for energy management at the supervisory level. Optimal control theory is then applied to these reduced models to accomplish real-time EMSs. These strategies are simple due to the suitable model reductions but systematic and high-performance due to the optimization-based methods. The performances of the proposed strategies are verified via simulations by comparing with off-line optimal benchmark deduced by dynamic programming. Moreover, real-time capabilities of these novel EMSs are validated via experiments by using reduced-scale power hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The results confirm the advantages of the proposed strategies developed by the unified approach in the thesis
Dahbi, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'amélioration des performances des actionneurs dans un véhicule électrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0007.
This thesis concerns the improvement of brushless DC motor performance, called Brushless motor (BLDC), and of an electric vehicle using this type of motor (BLDC) for its propulsion. The aim of this thesis is to provide new methods dedicated to the reduction of problems concerning this type of engine and thus increase its efficiency to achieve a lower electric vehicle energy consumption. This is done while taking into account the different parameters that come into consideration when rolling a vehicle, namely the resistive forces such as aerodynamic forces, rolling, slope, and acceleration. An experimental platform was thus implemented and on which the elaborated methods were implemented and proved after the analysis of the analytical and simulation results. These were developed on the MATLAB / Simulink environment. The proposed methods deal with problems related to current ripple, current peaks, and also the appropriate control mode for increased efficiency
Boucharel, Paul. "Conception des lois de commande optimales pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité globale d'une chaîne de traction automobile." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT060H.
The main aim of the study is to determine the minimal fuel consumption of a parallel hybrid vehicle that fulfill the driver's request. First, a model representing the energy flows inside the vehicle was set. Then local control algorithms were developed to determine the optimal gear ratio and torque repartition between the motors by minimizing a criterion including consumption and driveability aspects. A second point of the thesis consists in extracting the optimal behavior of the car on a planned trip. A global optimization that computes the minimal consumption on the planned trip was developed. Considering a vehicle with a navigation system, the analysis of the results allows to improve the gear ratio and the battery charging management of the local algorithms. Fast prototyping tests and vehicle tests were made to validate this approach
Bouallaga, Anouar. "Gestion énergétique d’une infrastructure de charge intelligente de véhicules électriques dans un réseau de distribution intégrant des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10043/document.
Energy and environmental crisis have prompted the government to take strong measures to stimulate energy transition and accelerate green growth. In this context, electric vehicles (EVs) are considered as a real solution to deal with the current problems. Their integration into the electrical system promotes distribution system operators to develop smart solutions in this field. Concerning the Smart Grids concept, the present work aims to provide answers to a wide range of questions for demand side management program using plug-in EVs charging strategies. The first section of this PhD project, presents a methodology to assess technical and economic impacts of EVs charging on Medium and Low voltage distribution networks. Afterwards, analyses about the competitive EVs load management ancillary services are conducted in the third chapter. By comparing potential and opportunities of each ones, three ancillary services for electricity market contribution were selected. In this context, a methodology for designing energy management strategies is proposed. The latter is applied to the selected ancillary services to assess the financial contribution of the developed strategies. Environmental aspects and Wind-to-Vehicle concept are also evaluated. Furthermore, thanks to a co-simulation interface, the interactions between supervision strategies and real distribution networks are analyzed. The last section presents a Hardware-in-the-loop demonstrator using a real time simulator, smart meters and EVs charging stations. Through experiments, communication constraints and Smart Grids principles are evaluated and validated
Books on the topic "Véhicules électriques – Design – Consommation d'énergie":
PACS 2003 (2003 San Diego, Calif.). Power-aware computer systems: Third International Workshop, PACS 2003, San Diego, CA, USA, December 1, 2003 : revised papers. Berlin: Springer, 2004.
(Editor), Babak Falsafi, and T. N. Vijaykumar (Editor), eds. Power-Aware Computer Systems: Third International Workshop, PACS 2003, San Diego, CA, USA, December 1, 2003, Revised Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer, 2005.
Vijaykumar, T. N., and Babak Falsafi. Power-Aware Computer Systems: Second International Workshop, PACS 2002 Cambridge, MA, USA, February 2, 2002, Revised Papers. Springer London, Limited, 2003.
Vijaykumar, T. N., and Babak Falsafi. Power-Aware Computer Systems: 4th International Workshop, PACS 2004, Portland, or, USA, December 5, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. Springer London, Limited, 2005.
(Editor), Babak Falsafi, and T. N. Vijaykumar (Editor), eds. Power-Aware Computer Systems: Second International Workshop, PACS 2002 Cambridge, MA, USA, February 2, 2002, Revised Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer, 2003.
Vijaykumar, T. N., and Babak Falsafi. Power-Aware Computer Systems: Third International Workshop, PACS 2003, San Diego, CA, USA, December 1, 2003, Revised Papers. Springer London, Limited, 2004.