Journal articles on the topic 'Vehicle'
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1
Vasiljević, S., B. Aleksandrović, J. Glišović, and M. Maslać. "Regenerative braking on electric vehicles: working principles and benefits of application." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1271, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1271/1/012025.
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Abstract The application of electric vehicles leads to a change in the principle of operation and functioning of some systems in the vehicle, which also lead to a change in the concept of the vehicle itself. One of those systems that has a new concept, which differs from vehicles powered by IC engines, is the braking system. The previous function of the braking system was to stop the vehicle, i.e. to reduce the speed of the vehicle in a safe way. In the case of electric vehicles, the friction brakes were retained, with the addition of a regenerative braking system that has the role of replenishing the vehicle's batteries. The regenerative braking system has the role of converting the vehicle's kinetic energy into electrical energy that recharges the batteries. This system is already used today on full electric and hybrid vehicles, i.e. on vehicles powered by an electric motor. The benefits of regenerative braking are reflected on the fact that the vehicle batteries are recharged during braking, vehicle maintenance costs are reduced, the service life of discs and drum brakes on the vehicle is extended, brake non-exhaust emission is reduced, and heat energy emission is reduced, too.
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Babu, Md Ashraful, Md Mortuza Ahmmed, Mir Kaosar Ahamed, and M. Mostafizur Rahman. "A Cluster Based Feasible Time Interval for Tracking Lost or Stolen Vehicle." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 21, no. 1 (October 12, 2022): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v21i1.201.
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The system for tracking and monitoring lost or stolen vehicle is challenging. This device is widely used to assess the vehicle's location using GPS technology. It can be used to track a vehicle or vehicle fleet and to obtain information about the vehicle's current location. There are various challenges for tracking and monitoring vehicles and finding lost vehicles due to the lack of proper real-time vehicle location and hence it is difficult to take necessary action in the immediate proper time after the vehicle has lost or stolen. In this paper a Cluster Based Feasible Time Interval for Vehicle Tracking (CFTVT) algorithm for measuring the minimum time interval for taking action after the vehicle has lost or stolen is proposed. This proposed model helps to imply any appropriate vehicle tracking algorithm in the exact proper time after the vehicle has been lost or stolen.
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Kim, JongBae. "Deep Learning-Based Vehicle Type and Color Classification to Support Safe Autonomous Driving." Applied Sciences 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2024): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14041600.
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This technology can prevent accidents involving large vehicles, such as trucks or buses, by selecting an optimal driving lane for safe autonomous driving. This paper proposes a method for detecting forward-driving vehicles within road images obtained from a vehicle’s DashCam. The proposed method also classifies the types and colors of the detected vehicles. The proposed method uses a YOLO deep learning network for vehicle detection based on a pre-trained ResNet-50 convolutional neural network. Additionally, a Resnet-50 CNN-based object classifier, using transfer learning, was used to classify vehicle types and colors. Vehicle types were classified into four categories based on size whereas vehicle colors were classified into eight categories. During autonomous driving, vehicle types are used to determine driving lanes, whereas vehicle colors are used to distinguish the road infrastructure, such as lanes, vehicles, roads, backgrounds, and buildings. The datasets used for learning consisted of road images acquired in various driving environments. The proposed method achieved a vehicle detection accuracy of 91.5%, vehicle type classification accuracy of 93.9%, and vehicle color classification accuracy of 94.2%. It accurately detected vehicles and classified their types and colors. These can be applied to autonomous and safe driving support systems to enhance the safety of autonomous vehicles.
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Yin, Yanna, Huiying Wen, Lu Sun, and Wei Hou. "Study on the Influence of Road Geometry on Vehicle Lateral Instability." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (October 7, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7943739.
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According to the accident analysis of vehicles in the curve, the skidding, rollover, and lateral drift of vehicles are determined as means to evaluate the lateral stability of vehicles. The utility truck of rear-wheel drive (RWD) is researched, which is high accident rate. Human-vehicle-road simulation models are established by CarSim. Through the orthogonal experiment method, the effects of different road geometries, speed, and interaction factors between road geometries on vehicle lateral stability are studied. In this paper, skidding risk of the vehicle is characterized by the Side-way Force Coefficient (SFC). Rollover risk of the vehicle is characterized by lateral acceleration and the load transfer ratio. Lateral drift risk of the vehicle is characterized by the sideslip angle of wheels. The results of orthogonal analysis reveal that the maximum tire-road friction coefficient and speed are highly significant in skidding of the vehicle. The effects of the combination of horizontal alignment and superelevation on vehicle skidding are important. The effects of horizontal alignment and speed on vehicle rollover risk are highly significant. The effects of superelevation on vehicle rollover risk are significant. The effects of the interaction of horizontal alignment and superelevation are also important on vehicles’ rollover risk. The speed and the maximum tire-road friction coefficient have highly significant effect on the vehicle’s lateral drift. The superelevation has a significant effect on the vehicle’s lateral drift. The effects of the interaction of horizontal alignment and superelevation and longitudinal slope are also important on the lateral drift of the vehicle.
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Ahirrao, Abhishek, Shantanu Metkar, Abhishek Avhad, Dr Swapnil Awate, and Prof Vishal Shinde. "Hybrid Electric AWD Vehicle Kit." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 1566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47667.
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Abstract: The environmental impact of ICE automobiles in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries prompted the development of electric vehicles. Electric vehicles have numerous advantages over traditional internal combustion engines (ICE) vehicles, including the fact that they emit no carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. With many advantages of electric vehicles over traditional ICE vehicles, the world is moving toward EVs as a new improved means of transportation. Electric vehicles' tank to wheel efficiency is three times larger than ICE vehicles', and electric vehicles have very low running and maintenance costs. Even though electric vehicles are the best alternative, they do have significant disadvantages that are listed in the problem statement. Our proposal aims to bridge the gap between pure electric and traditional ICE automobiles by combining the primary benefits and advantages of both technologies. The project's main goal is to convert any existing ICE car into the most efficient vehicle possible. Our car can basically run on two distinct independent sources of energy, or even a combination of both. It can function as a pure electric vehicle, a pure ICE vehicle, or a hybrid AWD vehicle (where high amount of power is required). It has been shown that the average city dweller does not drive his or her car for more than 25 kilometers per day, and that the vehicle is parked the majority of the time. As a result, that individual can traverse that distance in pure electric mode, and our vehicle's solar charging mechanism will recover/recharge the energy expended while on the road. As a result, the person will be able to use our vehicle for free to generate sustainable energy. The use of ICE vehicles is rapidly increasing pollution in the environment; even pure EVs are an indirect source of pollution because the bulk of power is still generated by burning coal, thus our vehicle's use will undoubtedly make a significant difference.
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Gao, Kai, Di Yan, Fan Yang, Jin Xie, Li Liu, Ronghua Du, and Naixue Xiong. "Conditional Artificial Potential Field-Based Autonomous Vehicle Safety Control with Interference of Lane Changing in Mixed Traffic Scenario." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 4199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194199.
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Car-following is an essential trajectory control strategy for the autonomous vehicle, which not only improves traffic efficiency, but also reduces fuel consumption and emissions. However, the prediction of lane change intentions in adjacent lanes is problematic, and will significantly affect the car-following control of the autonomous vehicle, especially when the vehicle changing lanes is only a connected unintelligent vehicle without expensive and accurate sensors. Autonomous vehicles suffer from adjacent vehicles’ abrupt lane changes, which may reduce ride comfort and increase energy consumption, and even lead to a collision. A machine learning-based lane change intention prediction and real time autonomous vehicle controller is proposed to respond to this problem. First, an interval-based support vector machine is designed to predict the vehicles’ lane change intention utilizing limited low-level vehicle status through vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Then, a conditional artificial potential field method is used to design the car-following controller by incorporating the lane-change intentions of the vehicle. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method can estimate a vehicle’s lane change intention more accurately. The autonomous vehicle avoids collisions with a lane-changing connected unintelligent vehicle with reliable safety and favorable dynamic performance.
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Mudda, Avinash, P. Sashi Kiran, Ashish Kumar, and Venkata Sreenivas. "Vehicle Allowance System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 1085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50169.
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Abstract: License plate detection is an image processing technology that uses a license (number) plate for vehicle identification. The objective is to design and implement an efficient vehicle identification system that identifies the vehicle using the vehicle’s license plate. The system can be implemented at the entrance of parking lots, toll booths, or any private premises like colleges, etc. to keep records of ongoing and outgoing vehicles. It can be used to allow access to only permitted vehicles inside the premises. The developed system first captures the image of the vehicle’s front, then detects the license plate, and then reads the license plate. The vehicle license plate is extracted using image processing of the image. Optical character recognition (OCR) is used for character recognition. The system is implemented using OpenCV and its performance is tested on various images. It is observed that the developed system successfully detects and recognizes the vehicle license plate. To recognize License number plates using the Python programming language. We will utilize OpenCV for this project to identify the license number plates and the python py-tesseract for the characters and digits extraction from the plate. We will build a Python program that automatically recognizes the License Number Plate
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Chen, Xuewen, Huaqing Chen, and Huan Xu. "Vehicle Detection Based on Multifeature Extraction and Recognition Adopting RBF Neural Network on ADAS System." Complexity 2020 (October 6, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8842297.
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A region of interest (ROI) that may contain vehicles is extracted based on the composite features on vehicle’s bottom shadow and taillights by setting a gray threshold on vehicle shadow region and a series of constraints on taillights. In order to identify the existence of target vehicle in front of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) for the extracted ROI, a neural network recognizer of the Radial Basis Function (RBF) is found by extracting a series of parameters on the vehicle’s edge and region features. Using a large amount of collected images, the ROI that may contain vehicles is verified to be effective by extracting composite features of the shadow at the bottom of vehicle and taillights. Based on the positive and negative sample base of vehicles, the neural network recognizer is trained and learned, which can quickly realize network convergence. Furthermore, the vehicle can be effectively identified in the region of interest using the trained network. Test results show that the vehicle detection method based on multifeature extraction and recognition method based on RBF network have stable performance and high recognition accuracy.
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Mansour, Ayman M. "Cooperative Multi-Agent Vehicle-to-Vehicle Wireless Network in a Noisy Environment." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 15 (February 22, 2021): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.15.
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With the rapid development of vehicle communication and the goal of self-driving vehicle, research in this area is still ongoing, as car companies aspire for more studies and effective communication methods between vehicles. In this research, we have developed an intelligent, innovative and fully integrated multi agent model, which is used for vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The developed model is supported by an intelligent system based on a Nonlinear External Neural Network (NARX) and signal estimation theory. The system is built using real vehicles sensors, Arduino, GSM and RF technologies. The system is tested by applying different scenarios and observing vehicle behaviors. The results show that the smart system is able to make the appropriate decision based on both the vehicle's current condition and sensor readings. The developed system is able to operate effectively in a noisy environment in an excellent manner.
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Lee, Kwan Hyeong. "Improvement in Target Range Estimation and the Range Resolution Using Drone." Electronics 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071136.
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This study measured the speed of a moving vehicle in multiple lanes using a drone. The existing methods for measuring a vehicle’s speed while driving on the road measure the speed of moving automobiles by means of a sensor that is mounted on a structure. In another method, a person measures the speed of a vehicle at the edge of a road using a speed-measuring tool. The existing method for measuring a vehicle’s speed requires the installation of a gentry-structure; however, this produces a high risk for traffic accidents, which makes it impossible to measure a vehicle’s speed in multiple lanes at once. In this paper, a method that used a drone to measure the speed of moving vehicles in multiple lanes was proposed. The suggested method consisted of two LiDAR sets mounted on the drone, with each LiDAR sensor set measuring the speed of vehicles moving in one lane; that is, estimating the speed of moving vehicles in multiple lanes was possible by moving the drone over the road. The proposed method’s performance was compared with that of existing equipment in order to measure the speed of moving vehicles using the manufactured drone. The results of the experiment, in which the speed of moving vehicles was measured, showed that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the first lane and the second lane was 3.30 km/h and 2.27 km/h, respectively. The vehicle detection rate was 100% in the first lane. In the second lane, the vehicle detection rate was 94.12%, but the vehicle was not detected twice in the experiment. The average vehicle detection rate is 97.06%. Compared with the existing measurement system, the multi-lane moving vehicle speed measurement method that used the drone developed in this study reduced the risk of accidents, increased the convenience of movement, and measured the speed of vehicles moving in multiple lanes using a drone. In addition, it was more efficient than current measurement systems because it allowed an accurate measurement of speed in bad environmental conditions.
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Raza, Salman, Muhammad Ayzed Mirza, Shahbaz Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Babar Rasheed, and Yazeed Ghadi. "A vehicle to vehicle relay-based task offloading scheme in Vehicular Communication Networks." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (April 13, 2021): e486. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.486.
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Vehicular edge computing (VEC) is a potential field that distributes computational tasks between VEC servers and local vehicular terminals, hence improve vehicular services. At present, vehicles’ intelligence and capabilities are rapidly improving, which will likely support many new and exciting applications. The network resources are well-utilized by exploiting neighboring vehicles’ available resources while mitigating the VEC server’s heavy burden. However, due to the vehicles’ mobility, network topology, and the available computing resources change rapidly, which are difficult to predict. To tackle this problem, we investigate the task offloading schemes by utilizing vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication modes and exploiting the vehicle’s under-utilized computation and communication resources, and taking the cost and time consumption into account. We present a promising relay task-offloading scheme in vehicular edge computing (RVEC). According to this scheme, the tasks are offloaded in a vehicle to vehicle relay for computation while being transmitted to VEC servers. Numerical results illustrate that the RVEC scheme substantially enhances the network’s overall offloading cost.
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Li, Li, Dong Zhang, Zhi-gang Xu, Ping Wang, and Gui-ping Wang. "The Roles of Car Following and Lane Changing Drivers’ Anticipations during Vehicle Inserting Process: A Structural Equation Model Approach." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (November 12, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6372861.
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Anticipating ability is a skill that drivers count on to handle risky tasks in the traffic. This paper explores how the drivers of lane changing vehicle and its immediately car follower anticipate surrounding vehicles’ movements and adjust their manoeuvers during vehicle inserting process. The drivers’ anticipating mechanisms are modelled in the framework of structural equation model and estimated from field data. Results show that the change of lane changing type or traffic signal affects the drivers’ anticipation. Increased vehicle speed impels subject driver to anticipate driving condition in further future, but the stimulus is lower than the one coming from the kinematic comparisons of subject vehicle and other vehicles. The drivers care more about the vehicles’ interactions with which they are personally involved than the one to which they are only onlookers. The drivers’ responses to the counterpart vehicle’s movements depend on the progress of vehicle insertion and their roles in vehicle interactions.
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R, Tejashwini, and Dr Subodh Kumar Panda. "Design and Development of Vehicle Theft Detection, Tracking and Accident Identifier System using IoT." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (July 8, 2021): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07168.
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Vehicle security is one of the major concerns that the entire world is currently experiencing. People generally own automobiles, yet these automobiles are not always secure. Vehicle theft occurs in parking lots, public places, and other unsafe areas. The vehicle’s manufacturer does not consider the vehicle security system to be a factor in the overall cost of the vehicle. Nowadays, only a few vehicles come equipped with high-priced security systems. Door locking, alarm system, GSM, GPS, and other security features are built into high-end vehicles only. There is a necessity to build a low-cost security system for vehicles that common people can afford it and the manufacture can built-in the security system in a wide range of automobiles. This paper proposed a method for vehicle theft detection, tracking, and accident identification using the Internet of Things.
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Nanba, Hideaki, Manabu Sawada, and Koji Oguri. "Study on Pre-Deceleration Running in Encounters with Emergency Vehicles Using Vehicle to Vehicle Communications." International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research 18, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13177-019-00212-2.
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AbstractThere is a problem of coordination in encounters with an emergency vehicle when an automated driving vehicle travels on public roads. Effectiveness of the pre-deceleration running based on the earlier recognition of emergency vehicle using vehicle to vehicle communication is studied from the viewpoint of safety and ride comfort. Experimental data of the driver’s maneuver and vehicle’s status are collected and analyzed using the driving simulator. Recognition by vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V for short) leads to pre-deceleration and improves deceleration and jerk as compared to siren sound and red light of emergency vehicles.
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Fadhil, Ali Muayed, Norashidah Md Din, Norazizah Binti Mohd Aripin, and Ali Ahmed Abed. "Advanced Privacy Scheme to Improve Road Safety in Smart Transportation Systems." International journal of Computer Networks & Communications 16, no. 2 (March 29, 2024): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2024.16205.
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In -Vehicle Ad-Hoc Network (VANET), vehicles continuously transmit and receive spatiotemporal data with neighboring vehicles, thereby establishing a comprehensive 360-degree traffic awareness system. Vehicular Network safety applications facilitate the transmission of messages between vehicles that are near each other, at regular intervals, enhancing drivers' contextual understanding of the driving environment and significantly improving traffic safety. Privacy schemes in VANETs are vital to safeguard vehicles’ identities and their associated owners or drivers. Privacy schemes prevent unauthorized parties from linking the vehicle's communications to a specific real-world identity by employing techniques such as pseudonyms, randomization, or cryptographic protocols. Nevertheless, these communications frequently contain important vehicle information that malevolent groups could use to Monitor the vehicle over a long period. The acquisition of this shared data has the potential to facilitate the reconstruction of vehicle trajectories, thereby posing a potential risk to the privacy of the driver. Addressing the critical challenge of developing effective and scalable privacy-preserving protocols for communication in vehicle networks is of the highest priority. These protocols aim to reduce the transmission of confidential data while ensuring the required level of communication. This paper aims to propose an Advanced Privacy Vehicle Scheme (APV) that periodically changes pseudonyms to protect vehicle identities and improve privacy. The APV scheme utilizes a concept called the silent period, which involves changing the pseudonym of a vehicle periodically based on the tracking of neighboring vehicles. The pseudonym is a temporary identifier that vehicles use to communicate with each other in a VANET. By changing the pseudonym regularly, the APV scheme makes it difficult for unauthorized entities to link a vehicle's communications to its real-world identity. The proposed APV is compared to the SLOW, RSP, CAPS, and CPN techniques. The data indicates that the efficiency of APV is a better improvement in privacy metrics. It is evident that the AVP offers enhanced safety for vehicles during transportation in the smart city.
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Alzhrani, Seraj, Mohammed Abdulla, Khalid A. Juhany, and Ibraheem AlQadi. "Effect of Maglev Suspension on the Aerodynamics of Multiple Vehicles Moving in a Low-Pressure Tube." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2772, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2772/1/012013.
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Abstract The concept of high-speed vehicles traveling in a low-pressure closed system has attracted global attention as an innovative, efficient, and safe mode of transport. So far, most the studies on Hyperloop aerodynamics has considered a single vehicle moving in a confined space, but limited work has been devoted to the succession of vehicles system. This paper deals with the analysis of vehicle suspension gap for multiple vehicles system running in a low-pressure environment. The vehicle’s system is traveling at Mach number = 0.7 in a low operating pressure of 10,000 Pa and blockage ratio of 0.36. Each vehicle is equipped with a compressor and jet exit to provide the thrust force. Three running vehicles at various vehicle-to-vehicle distances, Xv (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2Lv), were numerically investigated using RANS. The analysis was carried out at a gap distance of 75 mm. The obtained results showed that the suspension gap significantly impacts the aerodynamic performance of the entire system. The flow structure behind each vehicle was investigated, and its influence on thrust was presented. It was observed that the drag on the trailing vehicle is approximately six times the drag on the leading vehicle. The high drag on the trailing vehicle is attributed to the development of shock waves at its rear part.
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S, Kowshal. "Design and Development of Self Balancing Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53666.
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Abstract: The project work outlines the design and development of a self-balancing vehicle. The project aimed to create a compact, lightweight, and energy-efficient vehicle that could maintain balance without the need for a rider's input. The prototype was built using a combination of electronic components, sensors, and programming algorithms that allowed the vehicle to maintain balance. The design process involved extensive research on similar vehicles and their components, as well as experimentation with various designs to determine the most efficient and effective approach. Once the design was finalized, the development phase began, with the construction of the vehicle's frame and the integration of the various electronic components. The vehicle's balancing system was developed using a combination of gyroscopes, and a microcontroller that processed data from these sensors to adjust the vehicle's balance. Additionally, the vehicle was equipped with a motor and a battery to allow for movement. During testing, the model was able to maintain balance. The vehicle's energy consumption was also significantly lower than that of similar vehicles, making it an efficient and environmentally-friendly mode of transportation. Overall, the project was successful in achieving its goals of designing and developing a self-balancing vehicle. With further refinement and testing, the vehicle has the potential to become a viable mode of transportation for short distances in urban environments.
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Wagner, Omer. "Vehicle taxation should be reconsidered." Sustainable Development Research 4, no. 2 (August 8, 2022): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/sdr.v4n2p1.
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Vehicle taxation is a global issue. When considering the appropriate tax regime for vehicles, states consider a variety of factors. Among others, vehicle taxation takes into consideration traffic congestion (loss of time), environmental issues such as air pollution, accidents, noise, land use for roads and parking lots, costs of control and enforcement system, damage to the natural environment, and much more.
Israel imposes purchase tax on vehicles, which is a tax quite equivalent to GST or excise duty.
As will be presented below, in 2022, apparently, Israel's vehicle taxation, imposes 83% purchase tax on vehicles, is probably the highest in the world.
Vehicles are a daily, routine product that exists in almost every home worldwide. A vehicle isn't a luxury product anymore, but Israel, according to the tax rate, still considers it a luxury.
The high tax rate has not achieved its goal, to discourage the usage of personal vehicles and shift to public transport.
The high tax regime encourages repetitive debates between importers and that customs authority, concerning the vehicles value, for customs purposes.
A reform in this field is needed. Maybe it's time for Israel to reinvent to wheel in this area, and impose a fixed tax, ignoring the vehicle's price.
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Holjevac, Nikola, Federico Cheli, and Massimiliano Gobbi. "A simulation-based concept design approach for combustion engine and battery electric vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 7 (June 7, 2018): 1950–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018777350.
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The early concept design of a vehicle is becoming increasingly crucial to determine the success of a car. Broadening market competition, more stringent regulations and fast technological changes require a prompt response from carmakers, and computer-aided engineering has emerged in recent years as the promising way to provide more efficient and cost-effective design and to cut development time and costs. The work presented in this paper shows an approach based on computer-aided engineering to determine vehicle’s energy consumption and performance. The different vehicle’s subsystem are first analyzed separately by using dedicated simulation tools and then integrated to obtain the entire vehicle. The work covers a wide range of vehicle layouts. Internal combustion engine vehicles and battery electric vehicles are considered and various transmission configurations are contemplated with respect to some of the most adopted solutions for these vehicles. The simulation results allow to identify the most effective design variables regarding the combustion engine and the electric motor and to compare the different layouts over various car segments. The results clearly point out that for internal combustion engine vehicles, the combustion engine is the crucial component that defines the vehicle’s characteristics and particularly the energy consumption. Conversely, battery electric vehicles show a more balanced distribution of the losses, and therefore to improve the vehicle’s behavior, different components should be considered in detail. Nevertheless, the choice of the number of electric motors and the transmission choice play a significant role in defining the vehicle performances.
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Pathomsiri, Somchai, Ali Haghani, and Paul M. Schonfeld. "Vehicle Miles Traveled in Multivehicle Households." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1926, no. 1 (January 2005): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192600123.
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Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is an important factor in the development of transportation plans, emission mitigation measures, and energy conservation policies. Therefore, estimation of VMT is a crucial task supporting such plans and policies. This research addresses the estimation of VMT in households owning multiple vehicles. This sector is expected to use vehicles differently from single-vehicle households because usage of any vehicle may depend on usage of other vehicles. Previous studies concluded that there is a substitution effect between usages of two vehicles (i.e., greater usage of one vehicle lessens usage of the other). In view of more recent changes in sociodemographic structure, the problem was revisited with the 2001 National Household Travel Survey database. The proposed VMT model is a system of simultaneous equations. Each equation explains the VMT for one of the household's vehicles. The three-stage least-squares method was used to estimate the coefficients. A case study of two-vehicle households was investigated. The resulting model shows that VMT can be explained by variables such as the vehicle's newness, number of potential car users in a household, and household income. Surprisingly, the results show not a substitution effect but a spilling effect. The VMT of the first vehicle does not depend on how much the second vehicle is driven. However, increased use of the first vehicle tends to spill over and increase the use of the second one. Some explanation of this behavior shift is provided.
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Belloni, Mattia, Michele Vignati, and Edoardo Sabbioni. "Analysing the Effect of Chassis Torsional Flexibility on the Rollover Threshold of a Multi-Purpose Agricultural Vehicle." Vehicles 6, no. 1 (February 21, 2024): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6010018.
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Multi-purpose agricultural tractors are vehicles that are usually involved in different operations, including road maintenance in small villages and cultivation of small agricultural plots, particularly in mountainous areas. These vehicles typically feature narrow tracks to enhance manoeuvrability, making rollover stability a critical consideration in operational settings. This characteristic arises from the interplay between the suspension and vehicle chassis. This paper introduces a numerical multi-body model designed to replicate the dynamics of a multi-purpose tractor with a torsional chassis. Model parameters were derived through experimental measurements conducted on an actual vehicle. Static measurements were performed to assess tire and suspension stiffness while tilting tests were performed to establish the static rollover limit of the vehicle. Dynamic tests conducted on a four-post test rig characterised the vehicle’s dynamics. The validated model was utilised to explore the vehicle’s stability by reproducing the static rollover tests and simulating the vehicle’s performance under working conditions on a banked road. The vehicle rollover stability was studied by performing a sensitivity analysis that considered both chassis torsional stiffness and suspension stiffness under different loading conditions. The results indicate a trade-off between frame and suspension stiffnesses that enhances overall vehicle stability.
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Raiyn, Jamal. "Data and Cyber Security in Autonomous Vehicle Networks." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2018-0027.
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Abstract An autonomous vehicle (AV) is a vehicle that operates and performs tasks under its own power. Some features of autonomous vehicle are sensing the environment, collecting information and managing communication with other vehicles. Many autonomous vehicles in development use a combination of cameras, sensors, GPS, radar, LiDAR, and on-board computers. These technologies work together to map the vehicle’s position and its proximity to everything around it. Because of their reliance on these sorts of technologies, which are easily accessible to tampering, a autonomous vehicles are susceptible to cyber attacks if an attacker can discover a weakness in a certain type of vehicle or in a company’s electronic system. This lack of information security can lead to criminal and terrorist acts that eventually cost lives. This paper gives an overview of cyber attack scenarios relating to autonomous vehicles. The cyber security concept proposed here uses biometric data for message authentication and communication, and projects stored and new data based on iris recognition. Iris recognition system can provide other knowledge about drivers as well, such as how tired and sleepy they might be while driving, and they are designed to encrypt the vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-environment communication based on encryption security mechanisms.
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Jungho Lee. "Design and Experiment of Simple Dynamometer for Vehicle Cybersecurity Research." Research Briefs on Information and Communication Technology Evolution 7 (December 15, 2021): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56801/rebicte.v7i.132.
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This study describes the design of a simple dynamometer, the creation of an environment for vehiclecybersecurity research, and the results of experiments performed on a real vehicle. Cybersecuritythreats in the information technology (IT) environment have spread to vehicles owing to the convergenceof vehicles and IT. Accordingly, a variety of research on vehicle cybersecurity has beenconducted. Vehicle cybersecurity threats are made to vehicles in motion to trigger casualties. Therisk of vehicle cybersecurity threats has been proven in many studies, and protection technologyhas been also proposed. However, in these studies, the experimental environments were such thatthe vehicle was simply placed above the ground or on restricted road conditions with no traffic ofvehicles. In these experimental environments, unexpected situations can threaten the safety of theexperimenter. Furthermore, because the driving environment on actual roads cannot be simulated,the vehicle’s functions cannot operate normally. In this study, therefore, we proposed and designeda simple dynamometer to ensure the safety of the experimenter and created the same environmentas that of the actual vehicle driving. The designed technology was then applied to a real vehicle todemonstrate the safety and practicality of the designed experimental environment.
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Al-Flehawee, Maher, and Auday Al-Mayyahi. "Building A Control Unit of A Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle by Using A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) Strategy." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.18.1.11.
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Hybrid electric vehicles have received considerable attention because of their ability to improve fuel consumption compared to conventional vehicles. In this paper, a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle is used because they combine the advantages of the other two configurations. In this paper, the control unit for a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle is implemented using a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) strategy. The NMPC strategy needs to create a vehicle energy management optimization problem, which consists of the cost function and its constraints. The cost function describes the required control objectives, which are to improve fuel consumption and obtain a good dynamic response to the required speed while maintaining a stable value of the state of charge (SOC) for batteries. While the cost function is subject to the physical constraints and the mathematical prediction model that evaluate the vehicle’s behavior based on the current vehicle measurements. The optimization problem is solved at each sampling step using the (SQP) algorithm to obtain the optimum operating points of the vehicle’s energy converters, which are represented by the torque of the vehicle components.
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Mishra, Risabh, M. Safa, and Aditya Anand. "Internet of Vehicles: Commencing Intellectual Hoarse Towards Self-Regulating Cars and Vehicular Clouds for Smart Transportation Structure [Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network: A Review and Application in the Internet of Vehicles]." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16176.
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Recent advances in wireless communication technologies and automobile industry have triggered a significant research interest in the field of Internet of Vehicles over the past few years.The advanced period of the Internet of Things is guiding the development of conventional Vehicular Networks to the Internet of Vehicles.In the days of Internet connectivity there is need to be in safe and problem-free environment.The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is normally a mixing of three networks: an inter-vehicleNetwork, an intra-vehicle network, and a vehicle to vehicle network.Based on idea of three networks combining into one, we define Internet of Vehicles as a large-scale distributed system to wireless communication and information exchange between vehicle2X (X: vehicle, road, human and internet).It is a combined network for supporting intelligent traffic management, intelligent dynamic information service, and intelligent vehicle control, representation of an application of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology for intelligent transportation system (ITS).
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Zhang, Chunying. "Braking performance test of portable underground light trackless special rubber tyred vehicle Development of equipment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2202, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2202/1/012030.
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Abstract The braking system of trackless rubber tyred vehicles used underground in China is mostly composed of parking brake and service brake. The parking brake can effectively prevent the vehicle from sliding after the driver leaves. The service brake mainly reduces the speed or stops during driving. China’s relevant standards require the parking braking system of underground trackless rubber tyred vehicles to be inspected regularly to provide safety guarantee for underground operation. At present, the underground trackless rubber tyred vehicles can only be operated by driving them to the fixed Laboratory of the test center regularly (once a year). It is necessary to inspect the vehicle’s braking system and check whether the vehicle’s braking system is normal, Operation and production can only be carried out when it is determined that the vehicle is in good condition. The current inspection methods are not only related to the work efficiency of vehicle inspection, but also affect the safety of operators and production. In view of the above situation, the development of a set of advanced portable detection equipment for braking performance test of underground light trackless special rubber tyred vehicle is very necessary to improve vehicle inspection efficiency and ensure scientific detection.
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Pyo, Jeong-Won, Sang-Hyeon Bae, Sung-Hyeon Joo, Mun-Kyu Lee, Arpan Ghosh, and Tae-Yong Kuc. "Development of an Autonomous Driving Vehicle for Garbage Collection in Residential Areas." Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 9094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239094.
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Autonomous driving and its real-world implementation have been among the most actively studied topics in the past few years. In recent years, this growth has been accelerated by the development of advanced deep learning-based data processing technologies. Moreover, large automakers manufacture vehicles that can achieve partially or fully autonomous driving for driving on real roads. However, self-driving cars are limited to some areas with multi-lane roads, such as highways, and self-driving cars that drive in urban areas or residential complexes are still in the development stage. Among autonomous vehicles for various purposes, this paper focused on the development of autonomous vehicles for garbage collection in residential areas. Since we set the target environment of the vehicle as a residential complex, there is a difference from the target environment of a general autonomous vehicle. Therefore, in this paper, we defined ODD, including vehicle length, speed, and driving conditions for the development vehicle to drive in a residential area. In addition, to recognize the vehicle’s surroundings and respond to various situations, it is equipped with various sensors and additional devices that can notify the outside of the vehicle’s state or operate it in an emergency. In addition, an autonomous driving system capable of object recognition, lane recognition, route planning, vehicle manipulation, and abnormal situation detection was configured to suit the vehicle hardware and driving environment configured in this way. Finally, by performing autonomous driving in the actual experimental section with the developed vehicle, it was confirmed that the function of autonomous driving in the residential area works appropriately. Moreover, we confirmed that this vehicle would support garbage collection works through the experiment of work efficiency.
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Elumalai, G., G. B. Bhaskar, and R. Subash. "Controlling of Faulty Vehicles Using GSM and GPS Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 591 (July 2014): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.591.180.
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In the developing countries, the identification of Faulty Vehicle’s by the enforcing authorities within a stipulated time is a challenging task. Hit and run accident vehicles, traffic-rule violators, theft vehicles, escaping an accused in a vehicle and nonpayment of tax vehicles etc., are called as faulty vehicles. In the existing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), only the vehicles are being monitored, instead of catching the faulty vehicle. In this methodology, the vehicles are controlled from the control room itself within stipulated time duration by controlling the fuel mixture. The concept involves minimization or stoppage of fuel mixture to that particular vehicle (three-wheeler Auto and four-wheeler Maruthi 800), depending upon its location (GPS) and the traffic environment; by using the specially designed electronic control unit (ECU) and with the help of a network provider (GSM). The entire concept is explained in this paper with the help of block diagram and photographs. From this investigation it’s observed that the vehicle could be stopped and it can be caught by the enforcing authority for necessary action.
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Li, Qin, Bingguang Ou, Yifa Liang, Yong Wang, Xuan Yang, and Linchao Li. "TCN-SA: A Social Attention Network Based on Temporal Convolutional Network for Vehicle Trajectory Prediction." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2023 (December 9, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1286977.
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Vehicle trajectory prediction can provide important support for intelligent transportation systems in areas such as autonomous driving, traffic control, and traffic flow optimization. Predicting vehicle trajectories is an extremely challenging task that not only depends on the vehicle’s historical trajectory but also on the dynamic and complex social-temporal relationships of the surrounding traffic network. The trajectory of the target vehicle is influenced by surrounding vehicles. However, existing methods have shortcomings in considering both time dependency and interactive dependency between vehicles or insufficient consideration of the impact of surrounding vehicles. To address this issue, we propose a hybrid deep learning model based on a temporal convolutional network (TCN) that considers local and global interactions between vehicles. Specifically, we use a social convolutional pooling layer to capture local interaction features between vehicles and a multihead self-attention layer to capture global interaction features between vehicles. Finally, we combine these two features using an encoder-decoder structure to predict vehicle trajectories. Through experiments on the Next-Generation Simulation (NGSIM) public dataset and ablation experiments, we validate the effectiveness of our model.
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Wang, Junmin. "Energy Consumption and Tailpipe Emission Reductions by Personalized Control of Connected Vehicles." Mechanical Engineering 139, no. 09 (September 1, 2017): S5—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2017-sep-4.
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This article demonstrates several approaches to the vehicle energy consumption and tailpipe emission reduction opportunities. The article leverages the vehicle storage dynamics through smart and personalized optimization and control approaches in the context of connected vehicles. Recent advances in vehicle connectivity and automation have brought unprecedented information richness and new degrees of freedom that can be synergized with insightful understanding of vehicle powertrain and aftertreatment physical systems. Vehicle automation also provides new degrees of freedom that can be further leveraged by the vehicle control systems to improve vehicle energy efficiency and reduce tailpipe emissions. While vehicle automation levels probably will keep increasing, humans will still be involved in vehicle operations at various levels for the foreseeable future. The prediction of future vehicle’s power demand based on vehicle connectivity can significantly benefit tailpipe emission reductions and fuel economy.
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Pratama, Agung Yusuf, Muhammad Ridwan Lubis, Anjar Wanto, Indra Gunawan, and Ika Okta Kirana. "Penggunaan Sistem GPS Untuk Keamanan Kendaraan Dengan Kontrol SMS Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Arduino." BEES: Bulletin of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 2, no. 1 (July 27, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bees.v2i1.803.
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Motor vehicle theft cases still often occur around us, this happens because there is still a lack of security systems in motorized vehicles that only use ignition keys and key covers, where the weakness of standard security systems like this has been understood by perpetrators of motor vehicle theft. to perform the action. The need for additional security systems is felt to be very necessary, in order to avoid the occurrence of motor vehicle theft. To overcome all this, a motor vehicle security system was created using SMS with an Arduino-based GPS tracking method, to create a GPS Tracker that can control vehicles via SMS (short message service) that can track or assist the vehicle's position using the Arduino Uno GPS (global positioning system). , SIM 800L. If the vehicle is lost, the owner can be tracked only by SMS to the number that has been programmed on the Arduino uno to prevent and make it easier to get back a stolen motor vehicle.
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Klemenc, Jernej, Domen Šeruga, Tomaž Svetina, and Jože Tršelič. "Vehicle Technical Inspection Results in Relation to EU Directives and Selected EU Countries." Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 69, no. 11-12 (November 21, 2023): 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2023.595.
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Although road accidents caused by defective vehicles are relatively rare, the roadworthiness of vehicles is important for road safety. In the European Union, the technical conditions that need to be fulfilled by the vehicles using public roads are regulated by EU directives. According to these directives, technical inspections are organized in every EU country. Our study analyzed the vehicle technical inspections in Slovenia over four consecutive years. The statistics for passenger cars and commercial vehicles are compared with two other EU countries: Germany and Finland. From this comparison, it follows that certain differences exist between the countries, although vehicle technical inspections are regulated by the same EU directives. Finally, multivariate regression models were built to predict probabilities of various vehicle defects detected during regular technical supervision as a function of the vehicle’s age. It was found that the probability of fault detection can be effectively modelled as a function of vehicle age.
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An, Youngkuk, Byeonggyu Yang, Jinil Park, Jonghwa Lee, and Kyoungseok Park. "Analysis of Energy Flow in a Mid-Sized Electric Passenger Vehicle in Urban Driving Conditions." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 8 (August 14, 2023): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080218.
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Because of emissions of exhaust gases, global warming is proceeding, and air pollution has increased. Thus, many countries are manufacturing eco-friendly vehicles, including electric vehicles. However, the range of electric vehicles is less than the range of internal combustion engine vehicles, so electric vehicle production is being disrupted. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the energy flow of electric vehicles. Therefore, to analyze energy flow of electric vehicles, this study suggested an energy flow structure first, then modeled the energy flow of the vehicle, dividing it into battery, inverter and motor, reduction gear and differential, and wheel parts. This study selected a test vehicle, drove in urban driving conditions and measured data. Then, this study calculated energy flow using MATLAB/SIMULINK in real time, and calculated and analyzed energy loss of each of the vehicle’s parts using the calculated data.
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Deng, Tianmin, Xuhui Liu, and Li Wang. "Occluded Vehicle Detection via Multi-Scale Hybrid Attention Mechanism in the Road Scene." Electronics 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172709.
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The obstruction of vehicles by surrounding vehicles, obstacles, etc. is a common phenomenon in the practical application of automatic driving. In view of the problem that the vehicle’s vision is affected by the occlusion, the vehicle feature information is incomplete, resulting in the low detection accuracy of the occlusion vehicle, and the occlusion vehicle detection method based on the multi-scale hybrid attention mechanism is proposed. The paper aims to fully excavate the advantages of multi-scale feature extraction, channel/space attention and other modules, and to design a multi-scale hybrid attention module suitable for occlusion vehicle detection to improve the detection accuracy of occlusion vehicles. Multi-scale features are enriched by the grouping convolution of different sizes of multi-scale feature extraction networks, and the parallel connection channels and spatial attention modules form different scale hybrid domain attention modules, which enhance the local feature information of the occluded vehicles and realize the reinforcement learning of multi-scale features and the suppression of occlusion interference information. Experimental results show that in the self-made occlusion vehicle dataset and the BDD100K occlusion vehicle dataset, the average mean accuracy of this method is 95.2% and 59.3%, respectively, which is 1.5% and 2.9% higher than that of the baseline network YOLOv5, respectively.
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Jiang, Zhongyuan, Jiangming Ding, and Zhourui Li. "Study on the Impact of Tail Wing Profiles on the Resistance Characteristics of Amphibious Vehicles." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 5 (May 7, 2024): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050780.
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The resistance performance of amphibious vehicles can be improved by installing underwater tail hydrofoils. The research on the impact of different hydrofoil profiles on the resistance characteristics of amphibious vehicles can provide a reference for the vehicle’s design. For an amphibious vehicle model, five shapes of symmetrical hydrofoils, NACA0012, NACA0015, NACA0016, and asymmetric hydrofoils NACA23012, NACA66-209, were selected as the underwater tail wing of the vehicle body, respectively. Based on the RANS method and overset grid technology, the resistance performance of the vehicle body was numerically calculated, and the resistance variation in the amphibious vehicle equipped with different tail hydrofoils at 0.43 < Fr∇ < 1.3 speed was obtained. The basic shape of amphibious vehicle tail wings can be determined by comparing the effects of symmetrical hydrofoils and asymmetric hydrofoils on body resistance. The results show that the asymmetric hydrofoils have a better resistance reduction effect on amphibious vehicles than the symmetrical ones. Among them, an amphibious vehicle installing the asymmetric hydrofoil NACA66-209 as an underwater tail wing can reduce resistance by 44.3%. Chord length is an important factor affecting the resistance reduction performance of tail wings. When Fr∇ = 1.3, the asymmetric hydrofoil optimized based on chord length has a 21.2% higher resistance reduction effect on amphibious vehicles.
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Dong, Guo Liang, Fu Jia Liu, and Xue Li Zhang. "The Implementation and Application of Information Management System of Commercial Vehicle Technical Performance Database Based on J2EE." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1710.
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The article introduces implementation and application of management software of commercial vehicle’s technical performance database. This system orients to 4 types of user (commercial vehicles management departments, test stations of multiple performance, vehicle repair enterprises, and vehicle transportation enterprises). The system has imported many thousands of records and realized 3 provinces of technical conditions database’s interconnection and also has been applied in the 3 provinces for months. Vehicle model database can solve the problems which troubles test stations and repair enterprises for many years. The system can raise safety of vehicles and reduce the probability of occurrence of traffic accidents.
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Wöber, Wilfried, Georg Novotny, Lars Mehnen, and Cristina Olaverri-Monreal. "Autonomous Vehicles: Vehicle Parameter Estimation Using Variational Bayes and Kinematics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 6317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186317.
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On-board sensory systems in autonomous vehicles make it possible to acquire information about the vehicle itself and about its relevant surroundings. With this information the vehicle actuators are able to follow the corresponding control commands and behave accordingly. Localization is thus a critical feature in autonomous driving to define trajectories to follow and enable maneuvers. Localization approaches using sensor data are mainly based on Bayes filters. Whitebox models that are used to this end use kinematics and vehicle parameters, such as wheel radii, to interfere the vehicle’s movement. As a consequence, faulty vehicle parameters lead to poor localization results. On the other hand, blackbox models use motion data to model vehicle behavior without relying on vehicle parameters. Due to their high non-linearity, blackbox approaches outperform whitebox models but faulty behaviour such as overfitting is hardly identifiable without intensive experiments. In this paper, we extend blackbox models using kinematics, by inferring vehicle parameters and then transforming blackbox models into whitebox models. The probabilistic perspective of vehicle movement is extended using random variables representing vehicle parameters. We validated our approach, acquiring and analyzing simulated noisy movement data from mobile robots and vehicles. Results show that it is possible to estimate vehicle parameters with few kinematic assumptions.
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Bautista-Camino, Pedro, Alejandro I. Barranco-Gutiérrez, Ilse Cervantes, Martin Rodríguez-Licea, Juan Prado-Olivarez, and Francisco J. Pérez-Pinal. "Local Path Planning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on the Natural Behavior of the Biological Action-Perception Motion." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051769.
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Local path planning is a key task for the motion planners of autonomous vehicles since it commands the vehicle across its environment while avoiding any obstacles. To perform this task, the local path planner generates a trajectory and a velocity profile, which are then sent to the vehicle’s actuators. This paper proposes a new local path planner for autonomous vehicles based on the Attractor Dynamic Approach (ADA), which was inspired by the behavior of movement of living beings, along with an algorithm that takes into account four acceleration policies, the ST dynamic vehicle model, and several constraints regarding the comfort and security. The original functions that define the ADA were modified in order to adapt it to the non-holonomic vehicle’s constraints and to improve its response when an impact scenario is detected. The present approach is validated in a well-known simulator for autonomous vehicles under three representative cases of study where the vehicle was capable of generating local paths that ensure the security of the vehicle in such cases. The results show that the approach proposed in this paper is a promising tool for the local path planning of autonomous vehicles since it is able to generate trajectories that are both safe and efficient.
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Chen, Jing, Tong Li, and Rui Zhu. "Analysis of Malicious Node Identification Algorithm of Internet of Vehicles under Blockchain Technology: A Case Study of Intelligent Technology in Automotive Engineering." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 21, 2022): 8362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168362.
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False messages sent by malicious or selfish vehicle nodes will reduce the operation efficiency of the Internet of Vehicles, and can even endanger drivers in serious cases. Therefore, it is very important to detect malicious vehicle nodes in the network in a timely manner. At present, the existing research on detecting malicious vehicle nodes in the Internet of Vehicles has some problems, such as difficulties with identification and a low detection efficiency. Blockchain technology cannot be tampered with or deleted and has open and transparent characteristics. Therefore, as a shared distributed ledger in decentralized networking, blockchain can promote collaboration between transactions, processing and interaction equipment, and help to establish a scalable, universal, private, secure and reliable car networking system. This paper puts forward a block-network-based malicious node detection mechanism. Using blockchain technology in a car network for malicious node identification algorithm could create a security scheme that can ensure smooth communication between network vehicles. A consensus on legal vehicle identification, message integrity verification, false message identification and malicious vehicle node identification form the four parts of the security scheme. Based on the public–private key mechanism and RSA encryption algorithm, combined with the malicious node identification algorithm in the Internet of Vehicles, the authenticity of the vehicle’s identity and message is determined to protect the vehicle’s security and privacy. First, a blockchain-based, malicious node detection architecture is constructed for the Internet of vehicles. We propose a malicious node identification algorithm based on the blockchain consensus mechanism. Combined the above detection architecture with the consensus mechanism, a comprehensive and accurate verification of vehicle identity and message authenticity is ensured, looking at the four aspects of vehicle identification, accounting node selection, verification of transmission message integrity and identification of the authenticity of transmission messages. Subsequently, the verification results will be globally broadcast in the Internet of Vehicles to suppress malicious behavior, further ensure that reliable event messages are provided for the driver, improve the VANET operation environment, and improve the operation efficiency of the Internet of Vehicles. Comparing the proposed detection mechanism using simulation software, the simulation results show that the proposed blockchain-based trust detection mechanism can effectively improve the accuracy of vehicle node authentication and identification of false messages, and improve network transmission performance in the Internet of Vehicles environment.
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Raju, Narayana, Pallav Kumar, Aayush Jain, Shriniwas S. Arkatkar, and Gaurang Joshi. "Application of Trajectory Data for Investigating Vehicle Behavior in Mixed Traffic Environment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 43 (July 31, 2018): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118787364.
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The research work reported here investigates driving behavior under mixed traffic conditions on high-speed, multilane highways. With the involvement of multiple vehicle classes, high-resolution trajectory data is necessary for exploring vehicle-following, lateral movement, and seeping behavior under varying traffic flow states. An access-controlled, mid-block road section was selected for video data collection under varying traffic flow conditions. Using a semi-automated image processing tool, vehicular trajectory data was developed for three different traffic states. Micro-level behavior such as lateral placement of vehicles as a function of speed, instant responses, vehicle-following behavior, and hysteresis phenomenon were evaluated under different traffic flow states. It was found that lane-wise behavior degraded with increase in traffic volume and vehicles showed a propensity to move towards the median at low flow and towards the curb-side at moderate and heavy flows. Further, vehicle-following behavior was also investigated and it was found that with increase in flow level, vehicles are more inclined to mimic the leader vehicle’s behavior. In addition to following time, perceiving time of subject vehicle for different leading vehicles was also evaluated for different vehicle classes. From the analysis, it was inferred that smaller vehicles are switching their leader vehicles more often to escape from delay, resulting in less following and perceiving time and aggressive gap acceptance. The present research work reveals the need for high-quality, micro-level data for calibrating driving behavior models under mixed traffic conditions.
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Ma, Jiandong. "Design of Intelligent Vehicle Monitoring System Based on ZigBee." MATEC Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817302026.
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In order to meet the needs of real-time positioning and remote dispatching of vehicle, this paper designs a ZigBee-based embedded vehicle terminal and the corresponding ZigBee-GPRS information communication network in hardware and software. With LPC2366 processor and CC2430 RF chip as core, the vehicle terminal acquires the vehicle‘s status in cycle, and completes the vehicle monitoring and scheduling by transmitting data to communication nodes by ZigBee and passing the data on to the monitoring center by GPRS. This vehicle terminal is characterized by small size, low energy consumption and ideal communication distance, which makes the monitoring center effectively monitor and schedule the vehicles.
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Bian, Chentong, Guodong Yin, Liwei Xu, and Ning Zhang. "REAR-END COLLISION ESCAPE ALGORITHM FOR INTELLIGENT VEHICLES SUPPORTED BY VEHICULAR COMMUNICATION." Transport 37, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.18172.
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To reduce rear-end collision risks and improve traffic safety, a novel rear-end collision escape algorithm is proposed for intelligent vehicles supported by vehicular communication. Numerous research has been carried out on rear-end collision avoidance. Most of these studies focused on maintaining a safe front clearance of a vehicle while only few considered the vehicle’s rear clearance. However, an intelligent vehicle may be collided by a following vehicle due to wrong manoeuvres of an unskilled driver of the following vehicle. Hence, it is essential for an intelligent vehicle to maintain a safe rear clearance when there is potential for a rear-end collision caused by a following vehicle. In this study, a rear-end collision escape algorithm is proposed to prevent rear-end collisions by a following vehicle considering both straight and curved roads. A trajectory planning method is designed according to the motions of the considered intelligent vehicle and the corresponding adjacent vehicles. The successive linearization and the Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithms are used to design a motion controller in the proposed algorithm. Simulations were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in preventing rear-end collisions caused by a following vehicle.
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Ming, Guo. "Exploration of the intelligent control system of autonomous vehicles based on edge computing." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): e0281294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281294.
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The development of science and technology continues to promote the progress of society. The current intelligence and automation technology has become widely used in society. To this end, this study proposes a vehicle intelligent control system based on edge computing and deep learning to promote the far-reaching development of intelligent technology and automation technology. First, control algorithms are used to design a switch control strategy combining accelerator and brake. Second, a fuzzy control algorithm based on vehicle tracking and trajectory deviation is designed to enhance the vehicle’s stability during steering. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to recognize the car’s surroundings as it drives. In addition, accelerator and brake controllers and vehicle tracking and trajectory deviation controllers are connected to the vehicle’s wiring. Then, the data transmission function based on edge computing is applied to the vehicle’s intelligent control system. Finally, trajectory tracking and emergency braking experiments are carried out on the control system to verify the practicability and reliability of the method and the effectiveness of CNN. The simulation experiments are carried out on two states of medium speed and high speed to verify the effectiveness of the longitudinal anti-collision system of the test vehicle when the target vehicle suddenly decelerates. The results demonstrate that the driving speed of the experimental vehicle is set to 50km/h, the distance between the experimental vehicle and the target vehicle is 40m, and the target vehicle in front drives at a constant speed of 50km/h. The target vehicle in front of the car suddenly decelerates in 5 seconds, and the speed drops to 0 after 5 seconds. The actual distance between the experimental vehicle and the target vehicle is very close to the expected safe space, and the experimental vehicle is in a safe state during this process. When the experimental vehicle starts to decelerate, the experimental vehicle adopts emergency deceleration to ensure a safe distance between the two vehicles. At this time, the car enters the second-level early warning state, but driving safety can still be guaranteed. It is advisable to maintain low-speed emergency braking in this state. This study provides creative research ideas for the follow-up research on the intelligent control system of uncrewed vehicles and contributes to the development of intelligence and automation technology.
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Zhang, Huai Shan, Guan Bin Gao, and Bo Li. "Study on 3D Model Reconstruction of Vehicles from 2D Images." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.625.
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Abstract. Currently, traffic law enforcement agencies rely mainly on the license plate to identify illegal vehicles. But for those vehicles with no license plates or license plates are obscured or slipped, the existing techniques do not work. In this paper, a method to reconstruct the external dimensions of vehicles from 2D images is therefore proposed to identify those illegal vehicles above. The external characteristics of vehicles and methods to model vehicles are analyzed. Based on the analysis, we simplified vehicles as a combination of a rectangular parallelepiped and trapezoidal polyhedron which can be produced with corner points from 2D images. The process to establish the vehicle model with corner points is studied. Finally with Visual C++ and SolidWorks API, the 3D model of a vehicle is established based on a 2D image. The vehicle's primary outlines information including length, width and height are restored, and the information can be used to identify the vehicle.
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TSUGAWA, Sadayuki, Satoshi MURATA, Takeshi HIROSE, and Teruo YATABE. "Driving Control of Autonomous Vehicles with Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 26, no. 9 (1990): 1058–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.26.1058.
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Uhlemann, Elisabeth. "Continued Dispute on Preferred Vehicle-to-Vehicle Technologies [Connected Vehicles]." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 12, no. 3 (September 2017): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2017.2717324.
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Mishra, Nikhil. "Vehicle Theft Detection and Tracking Based on GSM and GPS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58872.
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Abstract: The increasing incidence of vehicle theft poses a significant challenge to vehicle owners and law enforcement agencies worldwide. This paper presents a comprehensive solution for addressing this issue through the integration of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies. The proposed system aims to enhance the security of vehicles by providing real-time theft detection and efficient tracking capabilities. The GSM module facilitates communication between the vehicle and a centralized monitoring system, allowing forseamless data transmission. The system leverages the widespread coverage and reliability of GSM networks to ensure that alerts are promptly delivered to relevant stakeholders, irrespective of the vehicle's location. Furthermore, the GPS technology enables real-time tracking of the stolen vehicle, assisting law enforcement agencies in swiftly responding to the incident. The system's tracking feature provides continuous updates on the vehicle's location, allowing for efficient recovery operations. Additionally, the integration of geofencing capabilities allows users to define virtual boundaries, triggering alerts if the vehicle deviates from the predefined geographical area. The proposed system offers a multi-layered security approach, combining GPS-based tracking with GSMenabled theft detection, making it a robust and effective solution for combating vehicle theft. The integration of these technologies not only enhances the chances of recovering stolen vehicles but also acts as a deterrent, discouraging potential thieves. In conclusion, the Vehicle Theft Detection and Tracking System presented in this paper showcases a technologically advanced and practical solution to mitigate the impact of vehicle theft. The integration of GSM and GPS technologies provides a comprehensive and reliable framework that addresses the security concerns associated with vehicle ownership in today's dynamic environment.
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Sasmito Ariwibowo, Agus, and Edi Winarko. "Data Mining Untuk Mengetahui Tingkat Loyalitas Konsumen Terhadap Merek Kendaraan Bermotor dan Pola Kecelakaan Lalulintas di DIY." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 5, no. 3 (November 19, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.5205.
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Abstract— The data of vehicle sales and traffic accident can be processed into information that is important for vehicle dealers and the Police Department. Those important information researched are the level of consumer loyalty to the vehicle brands and to predict the vehicle’s brands that will be purchased by a consumer. The study also tries to analyze the traffic accident data to find out is there any link between the occurrence of an accident to a certain brand of vehicle. This research implementing data mining method called ‘rule based classification’ to establish the sales of vehicles rules by which can be used to classify consumer into group level of brand loyalty and also estimate the brand of the next vehicle’s brand that will be purchased by the consumer. This research will process the data traffic accident by using data mining techniques called Apriori Method. Apriori Method is used to identify a pattern of accidents based on brand, type of vehicles, and the vehicle’s color. The results are used to estimate whether there is any correlation between the occurrences of a traffic accident to a particular brand. The result can help companies or vehicle dealers to obtain information about the level of the consumer’s brand loyalty to the dealer’s brand and to predict the brand that the consumer would be buy for the next vehicle. The result can also help the Police Department to find out whether there is any correlation between the occurrence of traffic accidents to the brand, type and the color of vehicle. Keywords— rule based classification, apriori, brand loyalty, traffic accident.
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Vasilyev, Andrey. "ABOUT THE APPROACHES TO MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION AND CALCULATION OF TIRE ROUAD NOISE RADIATION." Akustika 32 (March 1, 2019): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20193297.
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Vehicles noise is a serious problem as from the point of view of impact to environment as due to the damage of vehicle's driver and passengers health. Usually in high vehicle's speed tires noise is the most significant noise source. Mathematical description of the process of sound generation from the moving source is described. Program provision for calculation of noise generation by the system "vehicle's tires – road surface" have been developed. Software is allowing to determine sound pressure level generated by vehicle's tires during vehicle movement taking to account the following factors: - velocity of vehicle movement; - characteristics of road surface; - climate characteristics (environmental temperature, rain, snow etc.); - construction characteristics of vehicle's tires; - dimensions and mass of vehicle; - engine capacity etc. Experimental data showed good coincidence with results of calculations by using of program provision.
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Koju, Surya Man, and Nikil Thapa. "FPGA Based Vehicle to Vehicle Communication in Spartan 3E." Journal of Science and Engineering 8 (November 12, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v8i0.32858.
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This paper presents economic and reconfigurable RF based wireless communication at 2.4 GHz between two vehicles. It implements digital VLSI using two Spartan 3E FPGAs, where one vehicle receives the information of another vehicle and shares its own information to another vehicle. The information includes vehicle’s speed, location, heading and its operation, such as braking status and turning status. It implements autonomous vehicle technology. In this work, FPGA is used as central signal processing unit which is interfaced with two microcontrollers (ATmega328P). Microcontroller-1 is interfaced with compass module, GPS module, DF Player mini and nRF24L01 module. This microcontroller determines the relative position and the relative heading as seen from one vehicle to another. Microcontroller-2 is used to measure the speed of vehicle digitally. The resulting data from these microcontrollers are transmitted separately and serially through UART interface to FPGA. At FPGA, different signal processing such as speed comparison, turn comparison, distance range measurement and vehicle operation processing, are carried out to generate the voice announcement command, warning signals, event signals, and such outputs are utilized to warn drivers about potential accidents and prevent crashes before event happens.