Academic literature on the topic 'Vehicle performance calculations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vehicle performance calculations"
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Szodrai, Ferenc, Sándor Pálinkás, and György Juhász. "Calculations of Performance Losses for Automobile Vehicles." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2020.2.27.
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Vehicle-energetic-models are used to analyze the performances and when a comprehensive structure is established even optimization could be done. For these kinds of models, the losses of the vehicles have to be known. These losses could significantly effect of the vehicle fuel consumption. From these losses the rolling resistance, drive elements and aerodynamic drag are discussed. This paper reviews some of the literatures that describes the calculation methods and gives us some idea about the degree of their value. Our further goals are to have an UpToDate loss coefficient dataset and calculation methods for further vehicle-energetic modelling.
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Vasiliev, Ya V., and V. V. Voronin. "Methodology for calculatingthe performance of forces working on the vehicle rollover at carrying out the road traffic accident examination." Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, no. 6 (2021): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-6-158-164.
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This article discusses a method for calculating the performance of forces working on the overturning the vehicle. The method is used in case of carrying out an expert examination aimed at assessing the vehicle speed before, at the time and after an accident. The calculation methodology is based on the results of the analysis of field crash tests and data stored in the EDR (Event Data Recorder). The results of the comparison of calculations according to the proposed methodology and the generally accepted methodology are presented.
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Ui, Fitriyanti, Yuliyanti Kadir, and Marike Mahmud. "Penentuan Nilai Ekivalen Kendaraan Ringan (Ekr) Untuk Kendaraan Becak Motor (Bentor) Pada Ruas Jalan Arif Rahman Hakim dan Jalan Manggis Kota Gorontalo." Journal Of Applied Civil and Environmental Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/jacee.v1i1.2175.
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The equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) is influenced by the size and speed of the vehicle, the greater the vehicle the equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) the higher, the higher the vehicle speed the equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) will be lower. The purpose of this study is to determine the equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) for motor tricycles vehicle (mtv) as part of the traffic and the performance of the Arif Rahman Hakim Road and Gorontalo City Manggis Road. The location of the study was conducted on Jalan Arif Rahman Hakim and Manggis Street. Primary data collected is data of traffic flow volume. The analysis was carried out using the simple linear regression analysis method and the 2014 Indonesian road capacity guidelines. From the calculation results obtained an equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) for motor tricycles vehicle (mtv) on the Arif Rahman Hakim Road section of 0.55 and on the Manggis Road section obtained an equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) of 0.46. Then do the calculations to analyze the performance of the Arif Rahman Hakim and Manggis Roads obtained the degree of saturation (DS) <0.85. The DS scores show that both locations are very suitable to serve the flow of traffic during peak hours.Keywords—elv, motor tricycles vehicle , linear regression, road performance
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Kajackas, Algimantas, Vidas Žuraulis, and Edgar Sokolovskij. "Influence of VANET System on Movement of Traffic Flows in Emergency Situations." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i3.1612.
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The paper presents Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) system based on an analysis of the movement of a motorcade in an emergency situation. This analysis seeks to answer the question: when and under what conditions Emergency Message (EM) sent by Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) system reaches the final target to help in preventing of serious accidents, such as multi-vehicle collisions. The model of calculation based on the key principles of vehicle braking enables finding the time to possible collision and the residual velocity of the vehicle. In the calculations, the average values of the driver’s reaction time are accepted; in addition, a sent emergency message is considered to be free of interference. Upon choosing different road and driving conditions, it is found what vehicle of the motorcade stops before the possible obstacle on emergency braking. The performance of vehicles with and without VANET system is compared.
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Nhan, TRAN Huu, NGUYEN Ngoc Thanh, VO Ba Khanh Trinh, and NGUYEN Van Nguyen. "Dynamic analysis of small gasoline car model powertrain using MATLAB / SIMDRIVELINE." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, SI2 (April 15, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3isi2.575.
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The powertrain model of a vehicle using a small gasoline engine is designed based on the analysis results of the Matlab/Simdriveline simulation model. In which, the vehicle's powertrain model parts include: engine, clutch, gearbox, differential and wheels, and overall vehicle modeled by Matlab/ Simdriveline. Mathematical basis of the corresponding models for systems or components are used to build simulated models for the entire vehicle's powertrain system. The input parameters for the simulation problem include parameters of the size, mass, structural and technical parameters of each system such as transmission ratio, power, velocity, efficiency, determined based on actual vehicle model and empirical calculations. The simulation calculation process is done on the basis of the variation of the engine power, from which, the corresponding input and output kinetic and dynamic parameters of each system in the powertrain system consists of clutch, gearbox, differential, are obtained in the time domain. The results of simulation calculation of the kinematics and dynamics of each system in the vehicle's powertrain are analyzed as a basis for design improvement to improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle model.
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Wang, Wen-Hao, Xiao-Jun Xu, Hai-Jun Xu, and Fa-Liang Zhou. "Enhancing lateral dynamic performance of all-terrain vehicles using variable-wheelbase chassis." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 5 (May 2020): 168781402091777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020917776.
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A six-wheel vehicle chassis scheme with a variable wheelbase is proposed to improve the lateral dynamic performance of vehicles. The yaw moment is varied by changing the wheelbase to enhance the lateral dynamic performance of the vehicle. A vehicle lateral dynamics model is established using this approach. The effects of the wheelbase variation on the lateral yaw rate gain, steering stability, and steering error are analysed via numerical calculations. A strategy for wheelbase variation under different working conditions is proposed to enhance the lateral dynamic performance. In addition, by studying the response of the vehicle to various lateral disturbance forces, it is verified that the wheelbase change can enhance the lateral anti-disturbance capability of the vehicle. The simulation verifies the effectiveness of the wheelbase change strategy under a variety of driving conditions.
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Kaspul Anuar, Musthafa Akbar, Hanif Abdul Aziz, and Agung Soegihin. "Experimental Test on Aerodynamic Performance of Propeller and Its Effect on The Flight Performance of Serindit V-2 UAV." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 91, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.91.2.120132.
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The Serindit V-2 is a flying vehicle (UAV) that was successfully developed to participate in the Indonesian Flying Robot Contest with a mission to fly at high speed and acceleration. The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimum aerodynamic performance of the propeller and its effect to the flight performance of the Serindit V-2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The study began by testing the aerodynamic performance of propellers (static thrust value, time consumed, and power consumed) with different sizes of propellers, ranging from 8 inches to 12 inches. From the test results, the 12-inch propeller at 100% throttle generates the highest thrust value of 29.607 N, time consumed of 4.91 minutes, and power consumed of 717.57 Watt. The study was continued by calculating the flight performance with the results that the maximum speed value was 24.11 m/s, the rate of climb was 3.347 m/s, and the stall speed was 14.6 m/s. Finally, the Serindit V-2 UAV was tested to fly using a propulsion system with a 12-inch propeller and varied throttle opening from 50% to 100%. The test results show the vehicle's maximum speed of 24,562 m/s is obtained at a throttle opening of 100%. The climb rate and the flight time at 100% throttle opening is 2,656 m/s and 3 minutes 27 seconds, while the vehicle's stall speed during cruising flight (angle of attack at 1 degree) is 13 m/s. The difference between the theoretical calculation results and the actual test is at least caused by 2 factors. The first is the aerodynamic factor, in theoretical calculations, the overall aerodynamic design of the aircraft is considered very smooth/seamless. This has an impact on the fluid flow that occurs on the aircraft. On the actual conditions, the vehicle has several parts that cause drag, such as the pitot sensor located at the tip of the right-wing, and the ballast located on the left-wing.
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Lukoševičius, Vaidas, Rolandas Makaras, Arūnas Rutka, Robertas Keršys, Andrius Dargužis, and Ramūnas Skvireckas. "Investigation of Vehicle Stability with Consideration of Suspension Performance." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 9778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209778.
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The issue of movement stability remains highly relevant considering increasing vehicle speeds. The evaluation of vehicle stability parameters and the modeling of specific movement modes is a complex task, as no universal evaluation criteria have been established. The main task in modeling car stability is an integrated assessment of the vehicle’s road interactions and identification of relationships. The main system affecting the vehicle’s road interaction is the suspension of the vehicle. Vehicle suspension is required to provide constant wheel to road surface contact, thus creating the preconditions for stability of vehicle movement. At the same time, it must provide the maximum possible body insulation against the effect of unevennesses on the road surface. Combining the two marginal prerequisites is challenging, and the issue has not been definitively solved to this day. Inaccurate alignment of the suspension and damping characteristics of the vehicle suspension impairs the stability of the vehicle, and passengers feel discomfort due to increased vibrations of the vehicle body. As a result, the driving speed is artificially restricted, the durability of the vehicle body is reduced, and the transported cargo is affected. In the study, analytical computational and experimental research methods were used. Specialized vehicle-road interaction assessment programs were developed for theoretical investigation. The methodology developed for assessing vehicle movement stability may be used for the following purposes: design and improvement of vehicle suspension and other mechanisms that determine vehicle stability; analysis of road spans assigned with characteristic vehicle movement settings; road accident situation analysis; design of road structures and establishment of certain operational restrictions on the road structures. A vehicle suspension test bench that included original structure mechanisms that simulate the effect of the road surface was designed and manufactured to test the results of theoretical calculations describing the work of the vehicle suspension and to study various suspension parameters. Experimental investigations were carried out by examining the vibrations of vehicle suspension elements caused by unevenness on the road surface.
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Pham, Xuan Mai, Ga Van Bui, Ha Pham, and Le Hoang Phu Pham. "Design Process of Electric Vehicle Power System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 907 (June 22, 2022): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-vkvz26.
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This paper presents the research on the process of designing and optimizing the powertrain of electric vehicles, such as the general arrangement of electric vehicles, the design of electric motors, transmission systems, battery systems, as well as selecting the appropriate layout design. In addition, the article analyzes the computational models of electric drive systems, energy systems and calculates the performance of these systems in accordance with actual use. Finally, design and simulation calculations of the powertrain and energy of electric vehicles are performed using Simcenter Amesim software. Keywords: Electric vehicle, battery, electric motor, Simcenter Amesim
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Hegedűs-Kuti, János, and Mátyás Andó. "Performance of Cell Phone Controlled Model Vehicle." Mérnöki és Informatikai Megoldások, no. II. (October 7, 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37775/eis.2020.2.2.
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The objective of the project was to construct a model car - using additive technology - which is connected to a phone via cordless communication. PLA was used as a material to print the units. The total weight of the model car is 690 grams including the electronic components. The power consumption and driving properties were measured under given circumstances. Based on our calculations, even in active use at its maximum speed of 5.16 km/h, the system is capable of at least 3.9 hours of operation, while full charging takes only 3 hours. As a result, with two battery units it can be operated continuously.
Books on the topic "Vehicle performance calculations"
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Chuvikov, Dmitriy. Models and algorithms for reconstruction and examination of emergency events of road accidents based on logical artificial intelligence. 2nd ed. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1220729.
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The purpose of the monograph is to create a methodology, combined expert and simulation models, as well as algorithms and software-modeling tools for reconstruction and examination of accident events for automating decision-making by an expert center employee.
The methodology of combining and algorithms of joint work of an expert system based on logical artificial intelligence (mivar approach) and a simulation system for solving problems of reconstruction and examination of road accidents are developed; model reconstruction and examination of the accident in the formalism of the knowledge base bipartite oriented mivar nets, including analysis formulas braking qualities of the vehicle, determining the speed of a car's performance in terms of specific DTS, the formula for calculating different occasions: - slip car when braking, driving on curved sections of the road, hitting a car on the pedestrian in uniform motion and unlimited visibility; a method of generation of interfaces for designer expert systems based on the concept of mivar approach; special software in the form of expert systems "Analysis of road accident" in order to reduce the complexity of the process of calculating the disputed accidents, errors in the calculation and improve the accuracy and objectivity of the results obtained and the speed and quality of the calculations.
It can be useful to specialists of expert institutions, insurance companies, educational institutions in the field of expertise, as well as unmanned vehicles in terms of objective analysis and examination of road accidents.
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Lucas, G. G. Road vehicle performance: Methods of measurement and calculation. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1986.
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Brodņevs, Deniss. Analysis of the Performance of Cellular Mobile Networks for the Remote-Control Systems of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis. RTU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/9789934227097.
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The Thesis is concerned with assessing the suitability of LTE (4G) cellular networks for the remote control of low-flying UAVs. To solve this problem, an approach to the analysis of the delay values in cellular networks has been developed, which makes it possible to estimate the delays of individual cells and overall cellular network. Requirements for delays in the UAV control channel were developed, conclusions were drawn about the suitability of the LTE network as a communication solution for the UAV remote control. A method for calculating the effect of parallel redundancy is proposed, and an experimental assessment of the possibility of using two existing solutions for parallel redundancy in LTE networks is carried out. In addition, a compact technical solution for analyzing the level of base station signals was demonstrated.
Book chapters on the topic "Vehicle performance calculations"
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Rawiel, Paul. "Positioning of Pedelecs for a Pedelec Sharing System with Free-Floating Bikes." In iCity. Transformative Research for the Livable, Intelligent, and Sustainable City, 51–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_5.
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AbstractFor intelligent mobility concepts in growing urban environments, positioning of transportation vehicles and generally moving objects is a fundamental prerequisite. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are commonly used for this purpose, but especially in urban environments under certain conditions, they offer limited accuracy due to buildings, tunnels, etc. that can deviate or mask the satellite signals. The use of existing built-in sensors of the vehicle and the installation of additional sensors can be utilized to describe the movement of the vehicle independently of GNSS. This conforms to the concept of dead reckoning (DR). Both systems (GNSS and DR) can be integrated and prepared to work together since they compensate their respective weaknesses efficiently. In this study, a method to integrate different inertial sensors (gyroscope and accelerometer) and GNSS is investigated. Pedelecs usually do not have many inbuilt additional sensors like it is the case in cars; therefore, additional low-cost sensors have to be used. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is the base of calculations to perform data integration. Driving tests are realized to check the performance of the integration model. The results show that positioning in situations where GNSS data is not available can be done through dead reckoning for a short period of time. The weak point hereby is the calibration of the accelerometer. Inaccurate accelerometer data cause increasing inaccuracy of the position due to the double integration of the acceleration over time.
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Preda, Ion, Gheorghe Ciolan, and Dinu Covaciu. "Aspects Regarding the Stability Performances Calculation of the Wheeled Vehicles While Turning." In The 30th SIAR International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering, 614–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32564-0_72.
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Leng, Han, Lihui Ren, Yuanjin Ji, and Youpei Huang. "A Newly Designed Coupled-Bogie for the Straddle-Type Monorail Vehicle: Calculation Method for the Key Parameter and Dynamic Performance." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 541–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38077-9_65.
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Dinc, Ali. "Preliminary Sizing and Performance Calculations of Unmanned Air Vehicles." In Automated Systems in the Aviation and Aerospace Industries, 242–72. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7709-6.ch009.
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In this chapter, preliminary sizing and performance calculations of unmanned air vehicles (UAV), with relation to its propulsion system, are explained. Starting with the mission profile of the air vehicle, which is one of the important design drivers, the UAV is sized for the requirements. The requirements in design consist of a set of target values (e.g., payload amount to be carried, range, endurance time, cost, etc.). Additionally, the parameters within mission profile such as cruising altitude and speed of aircraft affect engine type, power level required, fuel quantity, and therefore general dimensions and the gross weight of the aircraft. It is often an iterative process to size the air vehicle and engine together. UAV is designed in a loop of calculations in which sizing, flight performance, and engine performance are done for each phase of the mission or flight profile to satisfy the overall design mission and requirements.
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Jin, Biao, Qiang Fei, Shunying Wang, Yanning Wang, and Wuyuan Zou. "Experimental Study on Pulse Discharge Characteristics of Square Power Lithium-Ion Battery." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220520.
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Lithium-ion battery has been widely used in electric vehicles due to various excellent properties, however, temperature affects its working performance. In the design of electric vehicles, to ensure that the battery works in a reasonable voltage and temperature range, the analysis of its pulse characteristics and accurate thermal-production model are the basis for the control strategy of the whole vehicle. Meanwhile, the study of lithium battery pulse discharge characteristics can provide data support for the heat source calculation required for its temperature field simulation. Therefore, it is important to study the internal resistance and open-circuit voltage (OCV) variation during charging and discharging for the accurate estimation of power battery heat generation. In this paper, the internal resistance and OCV characteristics of square lithium-ion battery were studied experimentally using the hybrid pulse power characteristic (HPPC) test method. The measured internal resistance and OCV values of lithium batteries at different temperatures and state of charge (SOC) were calculated, and the variation law of battery pulse characteristics was analyzed. The results show that the simulated and experimental values are close to each other, and the HPPC test method, the calculation method of battery pulse characteristics parameters and the experimental results can be used for battery characteristics evaluation or mathematical modeling.
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Matsui, Nobuo. "A Practical Calculation Method of Quasi-Static Curving Performance of Railway Bogie Vehicles." In The Dynamics of Vehicles on roads and on tracks, 276–89. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203736845-24.
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Silvestroni, Laura, and Diletta Sciti. "Effect of Transition Metal Silicides on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics." In MAX Phases and Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics for Extreme Environments, 125–79. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4066-5.ch005.
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The IV and V group transition metals borides, carbides, and nitrides are widely known as ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs), owing to their high melting point above 2500°C. These ceramics possess outstanding physical and engineering properties, such as high hardness and strength, low electrical resistivity and good chemical inertness which make them suitable structural materials for applications under high heat fluxes. Potential applications include aerospace manufacturing; for example sharp leading edge parts on hypersonic atmospheric re-entry vehicles, rocket nozzles, and scramjet components, where operating temperatures can exceed 3000°C. The extremely high melting point and the low self-diffusion coefficient make these ceramics very difficult to sinter to full density: temperatures above 2000°C and the application of pressure are necessary conditions. However these processing parameters lead to coarse microstructures, with mean grain size of the order of 20 µm and trapped porosity, all features which prevent the achievement of the full potential of the thermo-mechanical properties of UHTCs. Several activities have been performed in order to decrease the severity of the processing conditions of UHTCs introducing sintering additives, such as metals, nitrides, carbides or silicides. In general the addition of such secondary phases does decrease the sintering temperature, but some additives have some drawbacks, especially during use at high temperature, owing to their softening and the following loss of integrity of the material. In this chapter, composites based on borides and carbides of Zr, Hf and Ta were produced with addition of MoSi2 or TaSi2. These silicides were selected as sintering aids owing to their high melting point (>2100°C), their ductility above 1000°C and their capability to increase the oxidation resistance. The microstructure of fully dense hot pressed UHTCs containing 15 vol% of MoSi2 or TaSi2, was characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Based on microstructural features detected by TEM, thermodynamical calculations, and the available phase diagrams, a densification mechanism for these composites is proposed. The mechanical properties, namely hardness, fracture toughness, Young’s modulus and flexural strength at room and high temperature, were measured and compared to the properties of other ultra-high temperature ceramics produced with other sintering additives. Further, the microstructural findings were used to furnish possible explanations for the excellent high temperature performances of these composites.
Conference papers on the topic "Vehicle performance calculations"
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Huyer, Stephen A., and Amanda Dropkin. "Integrated Motor/Propulsor Duct Optimization for Increased Vehicle and Propulsor Performance." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31014.
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Integrated electric motor/propulsor technological development offers the potential to increase usable volume for undersea vehicles by locating the electric motor in the duct. This has the added advantage that the electric motor has increased usable torque due to the increased radius. For many torpedo and unmanned undersea vehicle applications, however, the maximum vehicle diameter is limited by design. This places significant constraints on the vehicle and propulsor design in order to maximize hydrodynamic performance. The electric motor requires a significant duct thickness that both increases hydrodynamic drag due to the presence of the duct as well as limiting the maximum propeller radius. Both constraints result in diminished propulsor performance by both increasing overall drag and reducing the propulsive efficiency. In order to meet vehicle design objectives related to maximum vehicle speed and associated power requirements, a computational study was conducted to better understand the underlying fluid dynamics associated with various duct shapes and the resultant impact on both total vehicle drag and propulsor efficiency. As a baseline to this study, a post-swirl propulsor configuration was chosen (downstream stator blade row) with a 9 blade rotor and 11 blade stator. A generic torpedo hull shape was chosen and the maximum duct radius was required to lie within this radius. A cylindrical rim driven electric motor capable of generating a specific horsepower to achieve the design operational velocity required a set volume and established a design constraint limiting the shape of the duct. With this constraint, the duct shape was varied to produce varying constant flow acceleration from upstream of the rotor blade row to downstream of the stator blade row. The mean flow acceleration was derived from a constant mass flow relation. The axisymmetric Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes version of Fluent® was used to examine the fluid dynamics associated with a range of accelerated and decelerated duct flow cases as well as provide the base total vehicle drag. For each given duct shape, the Propeller Blade Design Code, PBD 14.3 was used to generate an optimized rotor and stator. To provide fair comparisons, the circulation distribution and maximum rotor radius were held constant to generate equivalent amounts of thrust. Propulsor efficiency could then be estimated based on these calculations. Calculations showed that minimum vehicle drag was produced with a duct that produced zero mean flow acceleration. Ducts generating accelerating and decelerating flow increased drag. However, propulsive efficiency based on blade thrust and torque was significantly increased for accelerating flow through the duct and reduced for decelerating flow cases. Full 3-D RANS flow simulations were then conducted for select test cases to quantify the specific blade, hull and duct forces and highlight the increased component drag produced by an operational propulsor, which reduced overall propulsive efficiency. Based on these results, an optimum rotor balancing vehicle drag and propulsive efficiency is proposed.
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Wang, Aimeng, Wenyuan Xi, Hui Wang, Yazan Alsmadi, and Longya Xu. "FEA-based performance calculations of IPM machines with five topologies for hybrid-electric vehicle traction." In 2014 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itec-ap.2014.6941163.
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Kumar, C. S. Nanda, and Shankar C. Subramanian. "Design and Analysis of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle for Indian Conditions." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86711.
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Electric and hybrid vehicles are emerging rapidly in the automotive market as alternatives to the traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) driven vehicles to meet stringent emission standards, environmental and energy concerns. Recently, Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced in many countries including India. One configuration of a HEV is the Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SHEV). The design and analysis of the drive system of a SHEV under Indian conditions is the focus of this paper. In conventional vehicles, the ICE is the power source that drives the vehicle. The energy from the ICE is distributed to the wheels through the transmission, which is then used to generate the traction force at the tyre-road interface. In a HEV, both the engine and the electric motor provide the energy to drive the vehicle. In a SHEV, the energy generated by the electric motor is transmitted through the transmission to meet the torque demand at the wheels. Based on the driver’s acceleration demand and the state of charge of the battery, the controller manages the ICE, the generator and the battery to supply the required energy to the motor. The motor finally develops the required drive torque to generate the traction force at the wheels to meet the vehicle drive performance requirements like gradeability, acceleration and maximum speed. The objective of this paper is to discuss the design of the drive system of a SHEV. This involves the calculation of the power specifications of the electric motor based on the vehicle drive performance requirements. The equations for performing these calculations are presented. The procedure is then demonstrated by considering a typical Indian commercial vehicle along with its typical vehicle parameter values. A simulation study has also been performed by considering the Indian drive cycle to demonstrate the energy savings obtained by the use of a SHEV.
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Lee, Yu-Tai, Vineet Ahuja, Ashvin Hosangadi, Michael E. Slipper, Lawrence P. Mulvihill, Roger Birkbeck, and Roderick M. Coleman. "Investigation of an Air Supply Centrifugal Fan for Air Cushion Vehicle: Impeller Design and Validation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50376.
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A design method is presented for re-designing the double-discharge, double-width, double-inlet (DWDI) centrifugal impeller for the lift fans of a hovercraft. Given the current high performance of impellers, the design strategy uses a computational method, which is capable of predicting flow separation and vortex-dominated flow fields, enabling a detailed comparison of all aerodynamic losses. The design method, assuming a weak interaction between the impeller and the volute, employs a blade optimization procedure and several effective flow path modifications. Simplified CFD calculations were performed on fans with two existing impellers and the newly designed impeller to evaluate the impeller design criterion. The calculation was made with the impeller/volute coupling calculation and a frozen impeller assumption. Further refined CFD calculations, including the gap between the stationary bellmouth and the rotating shroud, revealed a reduction in the new impeller’s gain in efficiency due to the gap. The calculations also further supported the necessity of matching the volute and the impeller to improve the fan’s overall efficiency. Measured data of three fans validated CFD predictions in pressure rise at design and off-design conditions. CFD calculations also demonstrated the Reynolds number effect between the model- and full-scale fans. Power reduction data were compared between the measurements and the predictions along with the original design requirements.
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Kohri, Ituhei, Eriko Hara, Tohru Komoriya, and Shuji Miyamoto. "Prediction of the Thermal Injury Around Exhaust System of Passenger Car by Practical Procedure: 1st Report—Development of 1D Model for Heat Analysis." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-23003.
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In case that heat injury performance is analyzed with CFD, large calculations are required to solve heat and mass flow field inside the exhaust pipes, in the engine compartment and around vehicle body simultaneously. Since it spends much time for the generation of the analytic models and their solution by full CFD, such calculations are not practical to the industrial development of the vehicle in which many parameter studies on various conditions are required. Wherein, we suggest new method for prediction of the heat injury on exhaust systems, which is simplified with 1 dimensional models though the engine compartment flow is calculated with 3 dimensional calculations, i.e. CFD. Basic idea of this method is to divide exhaust systems into several elemental modules where heat transfer characteristics are given individually and to imitate actual systems by connecting them. Then 3D calculation is processed coupling heat and flow field with radiant filed outside exhaust systems. Above all, chemical reaction occurs in the catalytic converter is solved carefully to estimate heat production. This report introduces an overview of their 1-dimensional model and the calculation results.
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Martin, Timothy P., Khaled E. Zaazaa, Brian Whitten, and Ali Tajaddini. "Using a Multibody Dynamic Simulation Code With Neural Network Technology to Predict Railroad Vehicle-Track Interaction Performance in Real Time." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34859.
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Recently, there has been a large demand for predicting, in real time, the performance of multiple railroad vehicle types traversing existing track as the geometry of the track is being measured. To accurately predict a railroad vehicle’s response over a specified track requires the solution of nonlinear equations of motion and extensive calculations based on the suspension characteristics of the vehicle. To realize the real time goal, codes are being implemented that use linear approximations to the fully nonlinear equations of motion to reduce computation time at the expense of accuracy. Alternatively, neural network technology has the ability to learn relationships between a mechanical system input and output, and, once learned, give quick outputs for given input. The training process can be done using measured data or using simulation data. In general, measured data is very expensive to gather due to the instrumentation requirements and is most often not available. In this paper, the use of multibody simulation code as a training tool for a neural network is presented. The example results estimate the vertical and lateral forces at the wheel-to-rail interface as a function of the geometry of the track and the suspension characteristics of the vehicle type by using a multibody code with neural network technique.
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Zaazaa, Khaled E., Timothy P. Martin, Brian Whitten, Brian Marquis, Erik Curtis, Magdy El-Sibaie, and Ali Tajaddini. "A Nonlinear Rail Vehicle Dynamics Computer Program SAMS/Rail: Part 3—Applications to Predict Railroad Vehicle-Track Interaction Performance." In 2009 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2009-63046.
Full textAbstract:
The dynamic response of a railroad vehicle traveling at speed over track deviations can be predicted by using multibody simulation codes. In this case, the solution of nonlinear equations of motion and extensive calculations based on the suspension characteristics of the vehicle are required. Recently, the Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development has sponsored a project to develop a general multibody simulation code that uses an online nonlinear three-dimensional wheel-rail contact element to simulate contact forces between wheel and rail. In this paper, several applications to examine such issues as critical speed, curving performance at varying cant deficiencies, and wheel load equalization are presented to demonstrate the use of the multibody code. In addition, the application of the multibody code can be extended to train a neural network system. Neural network technology has the ability to learn relationships between a mechanical system input and output, and, once learned, give quick outputs for given input. The neural network can be combined with the use of a nonlinear multibody code to predict the performance of multiple railroad vehicle types in real time. In this paper, this system is briefly presented to shed light on the optimum use of the multibody code to prevent derailment.
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Kolivand, Mohsen, Abdolhamid Hannaneh, Nasser Soltani, and Zabihhollah Kargar Shoroki. "Retaining Hypoid Gear Performance Characteristics With Differential Housing and Shafts Deflections." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13216.
Full textAbstract:
Hypoid gears are widely used in rear drive and 4WD vehicle axles. Investigation of their sensitivity to misalignments is one of the most important aspects of their design and optimization procedures. Because of unavoidable mounting deflections under working load, the values for mounting distances and angle deviate from the designed (desired) values (due to elastic deformation of differential housing and gear shafts). As a result the performance characteristics will be changed. This study provides a calculation procedure to design "optimized vehicle differential housing side elastic coefficients" that maintains primary performance characteristics during load variations (caused by both the road and engines). The calculation is based on third order contact surface parameters for combined mismatched tooth surfaces. Calculations will be done in four separate groups to maintain four primary groups of performance characteristics, including: i) the amount of transmission error ii) contact pattern shape (by controlling bias angle) iii) backlash and iv) contact pattern size; in all mentioned cases theoretical contact pattern position during differential housing deflections is kept unchanged. Moreover, an experimental analysis was performed on a hypoid gear pair, the results of which were in close relation to theoretical results of sensitivity of contact pattern location. The method used in this study gives insight to effects of differential housing and gear shaft deflections (as misalignments) on hypoid gear performance. Considering this information in differential housing and gear shaft design will provide more correlations between hypoid gear pair and their housing and shafts in order to optimize performance characteristics under actual load.
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Wong, Kau-Fui Vincent, and Nicolas Perilla. "Comparison of Green House Gases Emitted by Electrical and Gasoline Cars, Taking Into Consideration Performance." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12226.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this study is to add to the understanding of the overall emissions caused by cars using both gasoline and existing alternative fuels. We will include the emission from the vehicle itself and also from upstream sources, primarily the source of the energy used to actually move the vehicle. The fact that electric motors have better efficiencies than internal combustion engines and the fact that power plants usually have higher thermal efficiencies than an engine seems to suggest that that the electric vehicle will be the more efficient in terms of emissions per vehicle kilometer. The complexities of vehicle propulsion become evident when one compares all the details of the available options, such as electric vehicles have to transport extra weight in batteries to increase performance. In this work we evaluate the emissions from electric and gasoline vehicles that are on the road. The data shows under most conditions the current vehicles have lower emissions than gasoline cars in terms of kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilometer. The different propulsion systems are then evaluated in how they would perform in moving a standardized vehicle including the system itself through a standardized cycle, to assess whether differences in emissions are the result of the system itself or other design differences. This study found that while in general the electric vehicle is better, the source of the electricity is a crucial factor in the determination. It is found that the cars currently being produced produce less green house gases than the gasoline cars on the average. In fact two of the four cars performed better even at the highest possible emission levels. While this casts a positive light on the electric car, it is a simplistic way of looking at the data. The calculations also show that the performance levels of the gasoline cars are much higher than the electric cars; this could be the main reason for the lower emissions of electric cars. The second part of this study is focused on quantifying the differences in emissions by studying that from a standardized car in all 50 states and D.C. These differences arise from the different levels of emissions owing to the variety of combinations of methods used and the methods themselves in the generation of electricity within the 51 regions. An analysis is done on of the most efficient car that could be made with commercially available products. The results show the dependence of actual emission on the energy source. Although the national, California, Florida and lowest averages all beat the performance of the gasoline vehicle, the gasoline car won if the electric car was operated in D.C. using electricity generated in the D.C. Results for the electric car in all 51 regions and for the gasoline car have been obtained. There is an implication that lower specific power would result in more states where electric vehicles will emit more green house gases. Assuming that new cars do use the higher specific power batteries, electric vehicles will produce less green house gases than gasoline vehicles at a national level.
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Pfahnl, Andreas Carl, and David Gordon Wilson. "Key Issues in the General Design of Motor-Vehicle Gas-Turbine Engines." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-393.
Full textAbstract:
Ideas and concepts are suggested for producing a motor-vehicle gas-turbine engine able to compete in performance and most likely in cost with similarly rated motor-vehicle spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. Several of these ideas are discussed qualitatively, while others arc shown through simple performance analyses. Results predict the possibility of thermal efficiencies of over 50% and marked increases in the fuel economy (over 90%) if the gas-turbine engine is used, for instance, as a direct replacement for a standard motor-vehicle engine. The latter calculations were based on Federal-Test-Procedure driving cycles.