Journal articles on the topic 'Vehicle acoustic'
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1
LIU, Zhengqing, Jiangmei LIANG, Yujun ZHAO, Dawei GU, Mohammad FARD, and John Laurence DAVY. "Acoustic performance of a multi-layer vehicle interior trim sound-absorbing material." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 7 (November 30, 2023): 1799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0271.
Abstract:
This paper investigated the acoustic properties of a multi-layer vehicle interior trim acoustic material. In this study, a thin fiber layer was inserted between the vehicle carpet and the porous sound-absorbing material layer, and backed by the vehicle floor. The theoretical prediction method was based on the Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model, and the sound absorption coefficient of the multi-layer vehicle interior trim acoustic material was calculated by using the transfer matrix method (TMM). An impedance tube was used to measure the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of the vehicle interior trim with different combinations of acoustical materials. The comparison of the theoretical and the experimental results showed that the sound absorption coefficient curves predicted using the JCA model are consistent with the measurement data across the mid and high-frequency range (500-6400 Hz). In addition, a car cabin Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) model was developed and used to predict the effect of the acoustic properties of the multi-layer vehicle interior trim acoustic material. The results presented in this paper, are useful for enhancing vehicle interior acoustic design and refining vehicle cabin sound quality in future vehicles.
2
Roan, Michael, Luke Neurauter, Michael Beard, and Marty Miller. "Electric vehicle warning sounds: On road and immersive audio detection results for 20 subjects." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015747.
Abstract:
The number of electric vehicles on the road is rapidly increasing. Due to the decreased sound produced by these vehicles at low speeds there is significant concern that pedestrians and bicyclists will be at increased risk of vehicle collisions. Because of this potential for collisions, govenrnemts have institutes regulations governing additive vehicle warning sounds for electric vehicles. This research presents results on the detectability of six electric vehicle acoustic warning sounds using two different hardware systems. Detectability was initially by on-road participant tests and replicated in an immersive reality lab. Results were analyzed through both mean detection distances and probability of detection. This research aims to verify the lab environment as it will allow for a broader range of potential test scenario’s, more repeatable tests, and faster test sessions. Along with pedestrian drive by tests, experiments were conducted to evaluate stationary vehicle acoustics, 10 and 20 km/h drive by acoustics, and interior acoustic impact of each warning sound.
3
Wang, Xiu Feng, and Jie Shi. "Acoustic Parts in Vehicle Sound Transmission Loss Test Method Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.73.
Abstract:
The sound transmission loss (STL) of the acoustic parts in the vehicle was proposed to be computed using the Sound Pressure Level measured at the several locations inside the vehicle and the transmitted Sound Intensity Level on the vehicles exterior panel, which the acoustic treated vehicle passenger compartment is assumed as a small reverberation room. The necessary parts retrofits and acoustic treatments for Sound transmission loss tests of the acoustic parts in the vehicle were listed. The values of the appropriate number and positions of the loud speakers, microphones and sound intensity probes for Sound transmission loss of the acoustic parts in the vehicle were recommended. The in vehicle sound transmission loss tests of the acoustic parts such as the doors, carpets, wheel house etc. were achieved in the semi-anechoic room. Based on the door system, the correlation work has been done among the methods of the proposed in vehicle STL test, the reverberation - semi-anechoic chamber buck STL test and SEA analysis.
4
Song, Aijun, and Fumin Zhang. "Lake testbed for mobile acoustic communications and networking." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019105.
Abstract:
We present a lake testbed that can support mobile acoustic communications and networking research. The primary assets of the testbed are two autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with software-defined acoustic modems. The acoustic modems are integrated with the user-installed autonomy software on the vehicle, MOOS-IvP. Through this integration, vehicle information can be passed to the acoustic modem. Or the acoustic modem can receive remote instructions to modify vehicle missions. With additional stationary nodes, the testbed can support two types of acoustic experiments. First, it supports acoustic waveform transmissions from two synchronized mobile nodes. The acoustic transmissions can be recorded in a multi-element receiving array for offline data processing. Second, the testbed can perform real-time acoustic communication and networking tests for different vehicle trajectories. We will present the testbed instrument and capabilities, field deployments, sample acoustic data, and communication test results. [The research is supported by the national science foundation (NSF).]
5
Campbell, Michael T. "Vehicle acoustic barrier." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121, no. 1 (2007): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2434289.
6
Sai Sandeep.k, Sai Sandeep k., and P. Vijay Kumar. "Acoustic Signal Based Automatic Vehicle Detection System." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2013/34.
7
Singer, Jonah, and Eden Oelze. "In-water and in-air vehicle velocity estimation via harmonic and Doppler analysis." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010902.
Abstract:
Remotely-controlled (RC) vehicles, such as RC cars, boats, planes, and drones, use high energy-density lithium polymer batteries that enable powerful brushless DC motors to propel them at remarkable velocities. In prior work, measurements of the acoustic emissions from such motors on RC cars have been processed to estimate vehicle velocity, based on a spectral analysis of the emissions, together with a parametric model for the acoustic emissions, relating them to motor speed and vehicle velocity. This work builds on prior models for the acoustic emissions of the DC motors to estimate the motor speeds for in-water and in-air craft, including RC boats and drones. Spectrograms of the acoustic recordings of the vehicles at moving at constant velocity provide sufficient harmonic structure to effectively measure the Doppler shift at closest point of proximity, enabling vehicle velocity estimates. These, in turn, enable calibration of the harmonic structure for motor speed estimation. Preliminary results demonstrate the correlation between the speed profile of the vehicle, acoustic harmonic structure, and Doppler shift.
8
Hsieh, Yi-Hui, Wei-Chong Chang, Pei-Hsiou Ding, and Meng-Yu Tsai. "Using acoustic camera technology on inspection of noisy vehicles in Taiwan." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 4421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0630.
Abstract:
In recent years, noise complaints on motor vehicles had shown an increasing trend and became an environmental concern issue in Taiwan. Since 2021, innovative acoustic camera technology used to inspect high-noise vehicles exceeding "Vehicle Noise Control Standard" would be fined. There are 111 sets of acoustic camera equipment using in 21 counties and cities in Taiwan, and local government issued 4,099 fines to violating vehicle owners. This environmental policy has been supported by people living near major road with ninety percent satisfaction. Currently, acoustic camera technology with sound radar adopted by some cities in France to locate noisy vehicles accurately and issue fines automatically. Array sound camera technology has been used to inspect noisy vehicles in Netherlands and Germany. Taiwan is the first country in Asia to use acoustic camera technology conducting inspections and law enforcement against noisy vehicles. The sound camera technology system is mainly composed of high-speed camera equipment, sound level meter and license plate recognition system. Fixed systems are prior to set on specific road in hot spots of public complaint to inspect and outlaw noisy vehicles. After implementation of acoustic camera technology in these years, some challenges need to overcome. First, people doubt with accuracy and fairness of law enforcement equipment. Second, noise judgment of multi-source vehicle with law enforcement. To improve accuracy of law enforcement and multi-sound source vehicle noise judgment, technology of combining sound photography with array microphones is developing in Taiwan. In the future, we plan to conduct research on multi-source vehicle noise judgment technology to improve inspection efficiency and ensure a peaceful environment.
9
NAGAMI, Tadashi, Takayuki MIYAKAWA, and Toshio ENOMOTO. "Acoustic Analysis and Experimental Validation of Acoustic Metamaterial." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 5 (November 30, 2023): 3015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0436.
Abstract:
In this study, a unique sound insulation performance of a lightweight acoustic metamaterial consisting of a stiff honeycomb plate coated with a thin rubber membrane was experimentally demonstrated. An acoustic transmission measurement of the acoustic metamaterial showed that the sound insulation performance of the acoustic metamaterial exceeded the mass law predicted performance in three frequency ranges. An analysis of the acoustic-structure interaction revealed that these unique sound insulation phenomena were due to the cancellation between two high-order eigenmodes of the periodic structure or a high-order eigenmode of the periodic structure and an eigenmode of the membrane in each honeycomb cell. Subsequently, a prototype of this acoustic metamaterial was applied to a vehicle and its effectiveness on vehicle interior noise was investigated. The results show that such materials can further improve the level of quietness with weight reduction in vehicles and other transportation applications.
10
Popov, Pavel, Aleksandr Kuznetsov, Aleksandr Igolkin, and Kirill Afanasev. "THE LAUNCH VEHICLE VIBROACOUSTIC LOADS ASSESSMENT USING EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND FINITE ELEMENT MODELING." Akustika 34 (November 1, 2019): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika201934132.
Abstract:
The acoustic loads arising during the operation of the launch vehicle are sources of in-tense vibration of its components. Basically these loads are caused by such factors as the propulsion system operation during the launch vehicle start and by oscillatory processes in a turbulent boundary layer during the launch vehicle flight. In this regard, industry normative documentation prescribes evaluating dynamic tests of the launch vehicles and autonomous tests of rocket and space equipment.These tests confirm the dynamic strength and performance of launch vehicle components. This paper presents the results of the vibroacoustic loads analysis for the dry compartments of the mid-range launch vehicle currently being designed, depending on their construction, the attachments weight and the external load, which was set both in the form of acoustic load when solving a coherent elastic and acoustic task, and in the form of harmonic pressure, equivalent to acoustic.
11
CĂȘERIU, Bianca, and Petruța BLAGA. "ANALYSIS OF INTERIOR NOISE IN SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES." Review of the Air Force Academy XXI, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2023.21.1.5.
Abstract:
As vehicles have evolved from simple to complex machines with specific configurations depending on their main role, the issue of interior noise has become a topic of interest. The present paper presents a model of experimental acoustic determinations made based on standardized acoustic emission factors for a vehicle in the N2G category, taking into account the volume of the vehicle, its speed, road configuration, and the distance from the receiver. Thus, significant conclusions are reached regarding the level of acoustic emissions in the vehicle cabin. Cumulative preliminary estimates were also made for the level of interior noise in the special purpose vehicle, monitored while stationary and in motion, in order to obtain an initial picture of the cumulative impact of noise and vibrations generated by acoustic sources originating from the operation of the vehicle. Noise tests were performed under realistic operating conditions during the intensive testing period.
12
Brouckaert, Richard. "Automotive OEM acoustics - the ideal application for carbon neutral solutions." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 264, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-835.
Abstract:
The Automotive acoustics arena is rich with application opportunities for carbon neutral or climate positive parts. Designing possible "green" NVH solutions however must never compromise the intended acoustical performance of the parts. This paper investigates the acoustical needs of OEM vehicles with an emphasis on applying green solutions. Furthermore, it demonstrates that vehicular acoustic performance need not be compromised as the industry moves down the road towards more climate friendly initiatives. This paper details that the traditional NVH treatment packages can easily be modified to create NVH solutions that quiet the vehicle without negatively affecting the planet. Lastly, the paper will identify what the writer considers to be ideal applications for planet friendly, carbon neutral NVH solutions using acoustical barrier applications specifically, that are production ready and commercially available today.
13
Dupré, Théophile, Sébastien Denjean, Mitsuko Aramaki, and Richard Kronland-Martinet. "Analysis by synthesis of engine sounds for the design of dynamic auditory feedback of electric vehicles." Acta Acustica 7 (2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2023031.
Abstract:
In traditional combustion engine vehicles, the sound of the engine plays an important role in enhancing the driver’s experience of the vehicle’s dynamics, and contributes to both comfort and safety. However, with the development of quieter electric vehicles, drivers no longer receive this important auditory feedback, and this can lead to a less satisfying acoustic environment in the vehicle cabin. To address this issue, sonification strategies have been developed for electric vehicles to provide similar auditory feedback to the driver, but feedback from users has suggested that the sounds produced by these strategies do not blend seamlessly with the other sounds in the vehicle cabin. This study focuses on identifying the key acoustic parameters that create a sense of cohesion between the synthetic sounds and the vehicle’s natural soundscape, based on the characteristics of traditional combustion engine vehicles. Through analyzing the time and frequency of the noises produced by combustion engine vehicles, the presence of micro-modulations in both frequency and amplitude was identified, as well as resonances caused by the transfer of sound between the engine and the cabin. These parameters were incorporated into a synthesis model for the sonification of electric vehicle dynamics, based on the Shepard-Risset illusion. A perceptual test was conducted, and the results showed that the inclusion of resonances in the synthesized sounds significantly enhanced their naturalness, while micro-modulations had no significant impact.
14
Ding, Zhen Zhen, Jian Qiang Zhao, and Ying Chen. "Development and Evaluation of a Frequency Related Source Intensity Prediction Model of the Traffic Acoustic Noise." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.162.
Abstract:
Two expressway sections including the south section of the beltway in Xian and the start section of the Xi'an-Lantian expressway were selected in this study. By monitoring the acoustic noise level at different frequencies and vehicle speeds, a frequency related source intensity prediction model of the traffic acoustic noise was developed. Experimental results show that the spectrum distribution varies greatly among different kind of vehicles. The noise source intensity produced by large vehicles mainly distribute in low-frequency area. Different from large vehicles, medium vehicles mainly produce medium or high frequency noise, especially when the vehicle's speed is above 60 km/h. When the vehicle's speed is below 60 km/h, the acoustic noise intensity produced by the medium vehicles is relatively weak. The accuracy of the source intensity prediction model is further proved by comparing the predicted data, determined data, and the data obtained in the literature under similar experimental conditions.
15
Zhou, Shu Wen, and Si Qi Zhang. "Structural-Acoustic Analysis of Automobile Passenger Compartment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.175.
Abstract:
Besides the performances of handling, stability, ride comfort, power and fuel economy, the sound pressure levels in the automobile passenger compartments heavily influence the customer’s purchasing decision. The interior acoustics of automobile passenger compartment was analyzed in this paper. The frequency response analysis was performed on the vehicle body due to road roughness. The frequency response of vehicle body’s output spectrum, nodes’ velocity is used as the boundary condition of the acoustic cavity. With boundary element method and acoustic transfer vector method, the panel acoustic contribution was analyzed. By modifying the stiffness, damping or mass of the corresponding panel, the acoustic pressure levels at the driver’s and passenger’s ear were decreased.
16
Malhotra, Baljeet, Ioanis Nikolaidis, and Janelle Harms. "A simple vehicle classification framework for wireless audio-sensor networks." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 1 (June 25, 2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2008.1.861.
Abstract:
Vehicle tracking is one of the important applications of wireless sensor networks. We consider an aspect of tracking: the classification of targets based on the acoustic signals produced by vehicles. In this paper, we present a naıve classifier and simple distributed schemes for vehicle classification based on the features extracted from the acoustic signals. We demonstrate a novel way of using Aura matrices to create a new feature derived from the power spectral density (PSD) of a signal, which performs at par with other existing features. To benefit from the distributed environment of the sensor networks we also propose efficient dynamic acoustic features that are low on dimension, yet effective for classification. An experimental study has been conducted using real acoustic signals of different vehicles in an urban setting. Our proposed schemes using a na¨ıve classifier achieved highly accurate results in classifying different vehicles into two classes. Communication and computational costs were also computed to capture their trade-off with the classification quality.
17
Krishna, Ajay. "A Review on Vibro-Acoustic Analysis of a Launch Vehicle Structure." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44873.
Abstract:
Abstract: Space vehicles are subjected to significant dynamic pressure loads when their rocket propulsion systems are in use during flying missions. During the aerodynamic and launch phases, launch vehicles, payloads, and their parts are subjected to extremely high random acoustic loads. The noise from the engine exhaust gas, aerodynamic boundary layer noise, transonic buffering, structure-borne vibration, engine thrust fluctuation, etc. is the source of these loads, which also result in a secondary acoustic load. When the vehicle is lifting off and traveling at a speed greater than Mach number, acoustic stresses to the spacecraft and payload are very harsh and significant. This loading causes the structure to vibrate randomly, which could be dangerous for some vehicle parts, avionics, propulsion systems, and payloads like satellites. This paper discusses the vibration of the structure subjected to acoustic excitation on a diffuse acoustic field and the software used for the analysis.
18
Shi, Wen Ku, Guang Ming Wu, Zhi Yong Chen, and Nian Cheng Guo. "Prediction and Analysis of Vehicle Cab Interior Noise Based on Structure-Acoustic Coupling." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.637.
Abstract:
To study the vibration characteristics of the vehicle’s cab, finite element model of the cab was established and structural modal analysis was made. According to the internal structure of the cab, acoustic finite element modal of the cab including the seats was built and cavity acoustics modal analysis was carried out. Based on the structural modal and acoustic model of the cab, the coupled acoustic-structure model was carried. The acoustic response of the cab was calculated by mode-superposition
19
Kukshtel, Natalie, Ying-Tsong Lin, and Glen Gawarkiewicz. "Localization of an acoustic autonomous underwater vehicle using multi-channel back-propagation methods." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018933.
Abstract:
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are extremely useful tools for studying the acoustics of complex ocean environments due to their ability to detect environmental changes with greater spatial resolution than fixed moorings. During the New England Shelf Break Acoustics (NESBA) experiments in May 2021, an AUV system was deployed to collect acoustic data for investigating the local biological, physical, and geological oceanography. This acoustic AUV system was comprised of a modified REMUS 600 vehicle, a hull-mounted 3.5 kHz transducer, and a towed multi-channel hydrophone array. Along mission profiles where the AUV is fully submerged but too shallow for bottom-lock navigation, one challenge is accurate localization of the AUV. Localization was performed in post-processing using multi-channel back-propagation methods applied to AUV source signals received at mooring hydrophones in the NESBA network as well as ship-towed sound source signals received at the AUV-towed array. Uncertainty in the localization estimates due to spatiotemporal sound speed changes was investigated, and hydrophone mooring tilt angle was determined by minimizing the localization uncertainty. Following localization, this AUV acoustic data was used to investigate local seafloor sub-bottom properties and the acoustic effects of biological scattering layers and varying physical oceanography. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
20
Berge, Truls, and Viggo Henriksen. "NEMO project: acoustic detection of vehicle engine speed." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 970–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1718.
Abstract:
As part of the EU Horizon2020 project NEMO, SINTEF has developed an algorithm to detect the engine speed of passing vehicles. Some road vehicles can emit abnormal high noise levels or high levels of exhaust gases in urban conditions. The high noise level can be related to aggressive driving (high acceleration and high engine speed), to a modified or malfunctioning exhaust system, or to other vehicle defects. It is well-known that many motorcycles or mopeds often are equipped with non-original exhaust mufflers, giving high noise levels that can be a nuisance to the community. In the NEMO project, the detecting of so-called high emitters (HE) is essential to reduce the impact of such vehicles on the environment and public health. To enable to categorize HE vehicle based on the driving behaviour, it is necessary to detect both acceleration and corresponding engine speed. The paper describes the principle of the algorithm developed and results from testing on vehicles, including a motorcycle. This test shows that it is feasible to estimate the engine speed, also when the vehicle is accelerating, if the number of cylinders is available for the estimation. Further testing of the algorithm is planned within the NEMO project.
21
Long, Yi, Yiyi Zhang, Hongliang Sun, Xingze Hou, and Jianfeng Xiao. "A Developed Vehicle Terminal of Time-Sharing Rental Electric Vehicle Using Acoustic Communication Technology." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 5408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245408.
Abstract:
With the rapid development of the time-sharing rental business model for electric vehicles, the remote control speed of the electric vehicle terminals device, as the most important part of the whole time-sharing rental business process, affects directly the integrity of the business process and the using feelings of consumers. However, the traditional remote control system by using general packet radio service (GPRS), 3G, and 4G long term evolution (LTE) wireless communication methods responds longer and slower in weak signal area, which directly affects the user’s feeling and management strength of platform management center for the electric vehicle. Therefore, in this paper, (1) the acoustic communication technology as an auxiliary communication method is introduced in the novel vehicle terminal; (2) In order to increase the anti-noise ability, “amplitude-shift keying (ASK) + frequency-shift keying (FSK)” compound modulation and “double microphone input” technology are used in the vehicle terminal, which develops a novel vehicle terminal with the high anti-noise acoustic wave communication function for the electric vehicle in time-sharing rental mode; and (3) the mobile phone acoustic waves can be used by the proposed vehicle terminal to control the door of electric vehicle, which provides a firm technical support for ensuring the fluency and completeness of the whole process. Tests prove that the acoustic communication technology of the novel vehicle terminal can realize the rapid response of the vehicle terminal, which effectively solves the problem of a prolonged and slow response in the vehicle terminal of the electric vehicle in the weak signal area.
22
Rypkema, Nicholas, Henrik Schmidt, and Erin Fischell. "Synchronous-Clock Range-Angle Relative Acoustic Navigation: A Unified Approach to Multi-AUV Localization, Command, Control, and Coordination." Field Robotics 2, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 774–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.55417/fr.2022026.
Abstract:
This paper presents a scalable acoustic navigation approach for the unified command, control, and coordination of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Existing multi-AUV operations typically achieve coordination manually by programming individual vehicles on the surface via radio communications, which becomes impractical with large vehicle numbers; or they require bi-directional intervehicle acoustic communications to achieve limited coordination when submerged, with limited scalability due to the physical properties of the acoustic channel. Our approach utilizes a single, periodically broadcasting beacon acting as a navigation reference for the group of AUVs, each of which carries a chip-scale atomic clock and fixed ultrashort baseline array of acoustic receivers. One-way travel-time from synchronized clocks and time-delays between signals received by each array element allow any number of vehicles within receive distance to determine range, angle, and thus determine their relative position to the beacon. The operator can command different vehicle behaviors by selecting between broadcast signals from a predetermined set, while coordination between AUVs is achieved without intervehicle communication by defining individual vehicle behaviors within the context of the group. Vehicle behaviors are designed within a beacon-centric moving frame of reference, allowing the operator to control the absolute position of the AUV group by repositioning the navigation beacon to survey the area of interest. Multiple deployments with a fleet of three miniature, low-cost SandShark AUVs performing closed-loop acoustic navigation in real-time provide experimental results validated against a secondary long-baseline positioning system, demonstrating the capabilities and robustness of our approach with real-world data.
23
Subbotkin, Anton, Alexey Stepanyuk, Alexandr Tyurin, and Timofei Maksimenko. "The research of the acoustic perceptibility of silent electrified vehicles and acoustic vehicle alert system (AVAS)." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 6667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0988.
Abstract:
The paper is devoted to the study of subjective acoustic perceptibility by pedestrians of silent electrified vehicles of various types moving at a constant speed, as well as ways to increase perceptibility using the Acoustic Vehicle Alert System (AVAS). The paper presents the results of naturally (travel) measurements of subjective acoustic visibility.
24
Han, Yang, Hong Zhou, Meng Yi Shi, and Chang Jin. "Acoustic Optimization for Intake System of Commercial Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.334.
Abstract:
Based on simulation and test, a method for engine acoustical source characteristic extraction and acoustic optimization was presented. The intake noise of engine of commercial bus with four different acoustical loads was measured and the characteristic of the noise was extracted using the four-load method. The values of intake noise calculated by BEM were compared with the values measured in the vehicle intake noise test. The comparison result showed that the simulation values agreed with the experimental ones at most of the range which indicated that the extracted result was reliable. The anechoic frequency was determined by analyzing the intake noise spectrum measured in the vehicle intake noise test. Finally, an effective scheme adding a Helmholtz resonator and a quarter wave tube was proposed by simulation, applied to the real vehicle and verified in the test. The acoustic performance of the intake system was improved significantly.
25
Gabbert, Ulrich, Fabian Duvigneau, and Stefan Ringwelski. "NOISE CONTROL OF VEHICLE DRIVE SYSTEMS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 2 (August 2, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume170615009g.
Abstract:
The paper presents an overall simulation approach to control the noise emission of car engines at a very early stage of the design process where no real prototypes are available. The suggested approach combines different physical models and couples different software tools such as multi-body analysis, fluid dynamics, structural mechanics, magneto-electrodynamics, thermodynamics, acoustics and control as well. The general overall simulation methodology is presented first. Then, this methodology is applied to a combustion engine in order to improve its acoustical behavior by passive means, such as changing the stiffness and the use of damping materials to build acoustic and thermal encapsulations. The active control by applying piezoelectric patch actuators at the oil sump as the noisiest part of the engine is discussed as well. The sound emission is evaluated by hearing tests and a mathematical prediction model of the human perception. Finally, it is shown that the presented approach can be extended to electric engines, which is demonstrated at a newly developed electric wheel hub motor.
26
Kronowetter, Felix. "Application of acoustic metamaterial for tire noise reduction." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 267, no. 1 (November 5, 2023): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/no_2023_0065.
Abstract:
Increased traffic volume leads to increased noise emitted by the vehicles. Additionally, the lightweight design of vehicles worsens the noise, vibrations and harshness behavior. The total noise of the vehicle consist of multiple sources. We focus on the influence of sound emitted by the tire on the interior cabin noise and on the pass-by noise. To address the problem, we develop two different wheelhouse liners based on a compound material and an acoustic metamaterial, respectively. The compound material consists of porous layers as well as a microperforated panel. The acoustic metamaterial relies on a periodic arrangement of local resonators. Both materials are numerically modeled and experimentally validated. We first measure the absorption coefficient of the liner in the Alpha Cabin. We then mount the liner to a vehicle and subsequently measure the performance of the full vehicle. We achieve improved performance in terms of sound attenuation and thus are able to reduce both, the cabin noise and the pass-by noise, significantly.
27
Cao, Hao, and Lihua Wen. "High-Precision Numerical Research on Flow and Structure Noise of Underwater Vehicle." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 12723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412723.
Abstract:
This paper presents the results of research on the noise generated by an underwater vehicle in the operational state. The study combines the large eddy simulated turbulence model and Lighthill’s acoustic analogy theory and extracts the transient flow field data as the excitation conditions for acoustic calculations. The results of the numerical calculations of the external acoustic field were obtained under vehicle wall pressure pulsation condition, Lighthill volume excitation condition, and the vibration excitation condition of the underwater vehicle. It is found that the noise is concentrated at the front and tail of underwater vehicle, and its level is closely related to the form of vortex shedding. The peak frequency of structural radiation noise of underwater vehicle is consistent with its peak frequency of mean square vibration velocity. The basis for selecting the boundary conditions of the sound field according to the incoming flow conditions is also evaluated. The research results provide a reference for the noise reduction design of underwater vehicles, thus improving their concealment in combat.
28
Marin-cudraz, Thibaut, Juan J. García, and Etienne Parizet. "Perceptual acoustic space of tire noise." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 4 (February 1, 2023): 3843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0544.
Abstract:
Road traffic noise accounts for the majority of perceived urban environmental noise and has important health consequences. The rolling noise of vehicle tires is a major contributor to perceived road noise. The tread pattern of light vehicle tires is already designed to minimize the amplitude of the noise emitted, but this is not the case for heavy vehicles. The European LEON-T project aims to minimize the nuisance of heavy vehicle tires, especially noise. Prior to a study of the effects of tire noise on sleep, an experiment was conducted to determine the timbre parameters of such noise. The data set used was obtained by a series of recordings on a standardized track using tires of various sizes. These stimuli were presented to headphones in a free sorting task. The presentation will show the results of this experiment, including the correlations between acoustic parameters and perceptual space structure determined from the groups formed by the participants.
29
Pozdniakov, V., and M. Buhaiov. "ACOUSTIC SIGNALS ANALYSIS OF AERIAL ATTACK WEAPON." Проблеми створення, випробування, застосування та експлуатації складних інформаційних систем, no. 25 (I) (December 25, 2023): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46972/2076-1546.2023.25.06.
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the acoustic signals of aerodynamic aerial attack weapons used by the Russian Federation during a full-scale invasion. These include strike unmanned aerial vehicles, cruise missiles, jet and turboprop aircraft, and helicopters. It has been established that the time for observing an acoustic signal is limited by the speed of the vehicle. For high-speed targets (cruise missiles, airplanes), it averages 10 s, and for slower targets, 40-50 s. The Welch periodogram method was used to extract the spectral characteristics of acoustic signals. It is shown that the acoustic signal of propeller-driven vehicles is the sum of harmonic and noise-like broadband components, and that of turbojet-powered vehicles has a predominantly noise-like structure with several narrowband components. It was found that at the moment of maximum convergence, the signal spectrum has the greatest width. The characteristic change in the frequency of harmonic components associated with the Doppler effect is investigated. It can be used to estimate the parameters of motion and identify the vehicle. By correlation analysis of acoustic signals, it was found that broadband components have a noise-like structure. An acoustic signal for the case of simultaneous over flight of different types of vehicles was formed by adding records of different acoustic signals. It is shown that the characteristic spectral characteristics of all objects are preserved on the frequency-time plane. The results of the analysis can be used to build mathematical models of acoustic signals and to develop methods for processing signals of aerial attack weapons in an acoustic airspace monitoring system. Keywords: aerial attack weapons; acoustic signal; spectrogram; acoustic monitoring system; harmonic component.
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A. Rakeshwar, A. Saravanakumar, and K. Senthilkumar. "Motion Parameter Estimation of Low Flying UAV using Acoustic Sensor." ACS Journal for Science and Engineering 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/acsjse.v4i1.107.
Abstract:
The field of acoustics is emerging as a significant supplementary modality that should be investigated and utilized in the development of intelligence and surveillance systems. These systems often depend on technology that is rooted in the singularity of electromagnetic fields. Acoustic sensors are preferred because of their affordability, robustness, and small size. They are also passive. Furthermore, sound energy can go beyond a line of sight. The current scenario can be used to the detection and localization of sound sources utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and ground-based Acoustic Sensors. An acoustic sensor placed on the ground detected the target's immediate frequency.An Acoustic Sensor above the ground generates Doppler altered frequency time records to determine flight characteristics. The Acoustical Doppler Effect causes the instantaneous frequency perceived to fluctuate on a straight-line trajectory with constant velocity.The Nelder-Mead technique is used to estimate the low flying UAV's motion characteristics based on the instantaneous frequency model.
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Kukshtel, Natalie, Ying-Tsong Lin, Andone C. Lavery, Scott Loranger, Jason Chaytor, and Glen Gawarkiewicz. "Sound propagation measurements using an autonomous underwater vehicle acoustic array in the New England shelf break acoustics network." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015425.
Abstract:
The New England shelf break is a highly dynamic region, which experiences complex spatial and temporal water-column variations due to interactions with warm core rings originating from the gulf stream. This widely varying ocean environment leads to changes in sound speed and acoustic propagation. Acoustic payload-equipped autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are advantageous for sound propagation measurements in such environments due to their ability to detect changes with greater spatial resolution compared to fixed moorings. An AUV-towed acoustic array was tested and deployed in the New England Shelf Break Acoustics (NESBA) experiment in May 2021. The acoustic AUV system was comprised of a modified REMUS 600 vehicle, a hull-mounted 3.5 kHz transducer, and a towed multi-channel linear hydrophone array. The AUV sound source was tested at the Dodge Pond Naval Facility to characterize the effect of AUV body resonance, and the resulting calibration was incorporated into the data processing. Propagation paths between the AUV, acoustic moorings, and a ship-towed sound source were studied to investigate the acoustic effects of varying physical oceanographic conditions and biological scattering layers. These measurements also enabled investigation of the local seabed conditions and sub-bottom layering structure. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
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Căşeriu, Bianca, and Petruța Blaga. "Assessment on the Acoustic Comfort Inside the Heavy Vehicle Cabin." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amset-2023-0012.
Abstract:
Abstract Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) researchers spend inexhaustible resources of materials, time and money in determining the objective factors that are important in ensuring acoustic comfort in vehicles. In this paper, the factors that directly influence the interior acoustic pressure level in a heavy-duty vehicle were investigated. It was determined using specific descriptors and different units of measurement in assessment of sound levels and the impact generated by noise, the level of interior acoustic pressure and particular values of some prominent sources of noise in the operation of vehicles (engine, HVAC system), taking into account the factors of insurance and thermal comfort, with the aim of determining the cumulative impact at the board of heavy vehicles due to noise.
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Weber, Yannik, Matthias Behrendt, Tobias Gohlke, and Albert Albers. "Method for localisation of sound sources and aggregation to an acoustic centre." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 894–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1689.
Abstract:
Preliminary work by the IPEK - Institute of Product Engineering at KIT has shown that the simulated pass-by measurement for exterior noise homologation of vehicles has relevant optimization potential: the measurement can be carried out in smaller halls and with a smaller measurement setup than required by the norm and thus with less construction cost and effort. A prerequisite for this however is the scaling of the entire setup. For the scaling in turn, the sound sources of the vehicle must be combined to a single point sound source - the acoustic centre. Previous approaches for conventional drives assume a static centre in the front part of the vehicle. For complex drive topologies, e.g. hybrid drives, and unsteady driving conditions, however, this assumption is not valid anymore. Therefore, with the help of an acoustic camera, a method for localizing the dominant sound sources of the vehicle and a software-based application for summarizing them to an acoustic centre were developed. The method is able to take into account stationary, unsteady and sudden events in the calculation of the acoustic centre, which is moved as a result. Using substitute sound sources and two vehicles, the method and the used measurement technology were examined and verified for their applicability.
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Nooralahiyan, A. Y., H. R. Kirby, and D. McKeown. "Vehicle classification by acoustic signature." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 27, no. 9-11 (May 1998): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7177(98)00060-0.
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Mao, Fujun. "Application of Acoustic-solid Coupling Theory in New Energy Vehicle Noise Control." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL MECHANICS 18 (October 26, 2023): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232011.2023.18.22.
Abstract:
The development of new energy vehicles has attracted much attention due to the strong promotion and popularisation of the concept of low carbon and environmental protection, and the increasing demand for environmental protection in cars. Although these vehicles meet people’s requirements for resource and environmental protection, the noise generated during the driving process affects the comfort of the vehicle occupants and the concentration of the vehicle driver. To address this problem, the research proposes to improve the noise control technology of new energy vehicles based on acoustic-solid coupling theory and to test the practical application effect of this technology. The test results show that the maximum acceleration of vibration at the roof, floor, axle head, and spring of the new energy vehicle are 1.48 m/s2, 1.02 m/s2, 0.079 m/s2, and 0.020 m/s2 respectively, which are lower than the maximum acceleration before the use of this technology. The maximum sound pressure at the windscreen and side window glass of the new energy vehicle is 80 dB(A) and 73 dB(A) after the use of this technology. The maximum sound pressure at the driver’s ear was 62 dB(A) and 77 dB(A) when the vehicle was driven on different road surfaces, which were lower than the sound pressure values before use. In summary, the research proposes to improve the noise control technology of new energy vehicles based on the sound-solid coupling theory, which can have the effect of reducing the noise value generated by new energy vehicles and improving the comfort of users.
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Shvetsov, Alexey, and Viktor Gromov. "TRAFFIC CONTROL AT THE AIRPORT BASED ON ACOUSTIC SCANNING." Akustika, VOLUME 41 (2021): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika202141186.
Abstract:
The round-the-clock vehicles operation at the airports, including in low visibility conditions with fog, snowfall, etc., requires the development of new methods for monitoring their traffic, including those that do not require direct visual contact between the dispatcher and the vehicles. In this study, a method for monitoring airport traffic based on acoustic scanning of the territory has been developed. The method allows you to control traffic remotely, including in conditions of ‘zero’ visibility. Controlled vehicles include ground vehicles that ensure airport operation, including tractors, tankers, buses for delivering passengers and the crew to the aircraft, snow plows, cars, etc. The method provides equipping the airport territory where vehicle traffic is possible with a network of acoustic sensors configured to detect noise generated by vehicle traffic, which allows you to receive traffic data on the airport territory. The structure of the airport traffic control system based on acoustic scanning and the algorithm of its operation is developed in the study for practical implementation of the method. To configure the acoustic sensors, which are the main element of the system, the noise generated by various types of airport vehicles was measured. The proposed method and the system implementing it can be used to prevent emergencies, as well as to ensure aviation security at airports.
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Weber, Yannik, and Albert Albers. "Scaling of the simulated pass-by measurement based on the vehicle's acoustic centre." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 6 (February 1, 2023): 1285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0176.
Abstract:
Preliminary work by the IPEK - Institute of Product Engineering at KIT has shown that the simulated pass-by measurement for exterior noise homologation of vehicles has relevant optimization potential: the measurement can be carried out in smaller halls and with a smaller measurement setup than required by the standard and thus with less building construction cost and measurement effort. A prerequisite for this, however, is the scaling of the entire setup. For the scaling to work correctly, the sound sources of the vehicle must be combined to a single point sound source - the acoustic centre. Therefore, in a preliminary work, the IPEK developed a method, with the help of which the dominant sound sources of a vehicle can be localized and combined to an acoustic centre. In this work, the method is applied exemplarily on two test vehicles and their acoustic centres are determined. Afterwards, the measurement setups for both vehicles are scaled based on the acoustic centres, Finally, the simulated pass-by measurement with the scaled measurement setup is performed on an acoustic roller test bench and the scaled sound pressure levels are determined. To verify the overall method, the results of the scaled pass-by measurements are compared with the unscaled one and with measurements on the test track.
38
Kasess, Christian H., Thomas Maly, Piotr Majdak, and Holger Waubke. "Effects of rumble strip parameters on acoustics, vibration, and perception." Acta Acustica 5 (2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2021047.
Abstract:
Rumble strips aim to alert the driver of dangerous situations via acoustic and tactile stimulation. They can, however, also lead to increased noise in the surroundings. Strip parameters and the vehicle type determines the size of these acoustic and vibratory effects. In our work, 16 rumble strip types (including strips with irregular spacing) were evaluated with respect to their effects on acoustics, vibration, and perception. Interior and exterior emissions caused by controlled pass-overs of a car and a truck were recorded. Annoyance, urgency, and reaction time of 16 listeners were tested in a laboratory experiment and models mapping acoustics to perception were developed. Steering wheel and seat vibrations were acquired. Our results show a high correlation of interior and exterior noise. The loudness level was the best predictor of perceived annoyance and urgency. Irregular spacing reduced the tonality at the cost of a difficult production process. While a large variety of strip types produced a sufficient acoustic effect in the passenger car, the acoustic response was lower in the truck. Combined with the low vibration levels found in the truck, an identification of an optimal strip type for both vehicle types turns out to be difficult.
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Weinandy, Rene, Lars Schade, and Jan Gebhardt. "Electric vehicles—Safe and quiet with acoustic vehicle alerting systems?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142, no. 4 (October 2017): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5014406.
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Wu, Long, Kaifeng Huang, and Juqiang Feng. "BNNG Algorithm Modeling for Vehicle Classification Recognition under Non Line-of -sight Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802031.
Abstract:
At present, the automatic classification of vehicles on roads is mostly based on image recognition, and there are defects in adaptability under non-line-of-sight environments. In this paper, based on the similarity of the integration of the ecosystem model and multi-neural network model, an artificial neural network group (BNNG) algorithm was proposed. The vehicle’s driving acoustic signal was taken as the research object, and it was calculated using the Artificial Neural Network (BNNG) algorithm to achieve automatic classification and recognition of vehicle models. Through experimental tests, it is shown that under non-line-of-sight environments, the accuracy of vehicle classification can be improved, and the misrecognition rate of similar models can be greatly reduced. This provided a new method for the automatic classification and identification of vehicles on roads, which was of great significance to monitor vehicle safety in non-line-of-sight environments.
41
AVERBUCH, AMIR, EYAL HULATA, VALERY ZHELUDEV, and INNA KOZLOV. "IDENTIFICATION OF ACOUSTIC SIGNATURES FOR VEHICLES VIA REDUCTION OF DIMENSIONALITY." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 02, no. 01 (March 2004): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691304000317.
Abstract:
In this paper we propose a robust algorithm that solves two related problems: (1) Classification of acoustic signals emitted by different moving vehicles. The recorded signals have to be identified to which pre-existing group they belong to independently of the recording surrounding conditions. (2) Detection of the presence of a vehicle in a certain class via analysis of its acoustic signature against the existing database of recorded and processed acoustic signals. To achieve this detection with minimal false alarms we construct the acoustic signature of a certain vehicle using the distribution of the energies among blocks which consist of coefficients of multiscale local cosine transform (LCT) applied in the frequency domain of the acoustic signal. The proposed algorithm is robust even under severe noise and diverse rough surrounding conditions. This is a generic technology, which has many algorithmic variations, can be used to solve wide range of classification and detection problems which are based on a unique derivation of signatures.
42
Guo, Li Xin, Jia Chao Cui, and Yi Min Zhang. "Modal Analysis of Interior Acoustic Pressure Distribution of Bus Bodywork." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 1997–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.1997.
Abstract:
The characteristic of vibration and noise of an automobile has become an important guide line to evaluate an automobile during the development of manufacturing and comfort of automobiles. In this study, finite element modal analysis was used to extract the acoustic resonant frequency and acoustic modal modes. The results show that the influence of vehicle seats on the acoustic modality should be considered in the acoustic design of vehicle interior cavum. Higher acoustic pressure areas for lower acoustic modalities mainly lie at the anterior/posterior ends or middle of the vehicle interior cavum.
43
Willet, Ruth, and Karl Reichard. "Vibration and airborne acoustic data fusion for diesel engine health management." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018069.
Abstract:
Prognostic health management (PHM) on ground vehicles is an important process to maximize vehicle availability and operational effectiveness. In doing so, maintainers can proactively address vehicle health concerns. Diesel engines are common to many platforms, so improving diesel engine health monitoring has wide applicability. Specifically, non-intrusive acoustic sensing techniques using microphones and accelerometers have been chosen for this application. This study presents initial research to fuse engine structural vibration and airborne acoustic signals for PHM. The research aims to understand how data from an accelerometer on an engine and multiple microphones placed at key locations around the engine can be integrated together for a better understanding of the engine health. By understanding the advantages and limitations of each sensor relative to the acoustic signals produced by different sources or processes on or within the engine, best practices can be developed for diesel engine acoustic data fusion for PHM.
44
Flor, Daniel, Danilo Pena, Hyago Lucas Oliveira, Luan Pena, Vicente A. de Sousa, and Allan Martins. "Evaluation of Acoustic Noise Level and Impulsiveness Inside Vehicles in Different Traffic Conditions." Sensors 22, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051946.
Abstract:
Recently, the issue of sound quality inside vehicles has attracted interest from both researchers and industry alike due to health concerns and also to increase the appeal of vehicles to consumers. This work extends the analysis of interior acoustic noise inside a vehicle under several conditions by comparing measured power levels and two different models for acoustic noise, namely the Gaussian and the alpha-stable distributions. Noise samples were collected in a scenario with real traffic patterns using a measurement setup composed of a Raspberry Pi Board and a microphone strategically positioned. The analysis of the acquired data shows that the observed noise levels are higher when traffic conditions are good. Additionally, the interior noise presented considerable impulsiveness, which tends to be more severe when traffic is slower. Finally, our results suggest that noise sources related to the vehicle itself and its movement are the most relevant ones in the composition of the interior acoustic noise.
45
Göksu, Hüseyin. "Vehicle speed measurement by on-board acoustic signal processing." Measurement and Control 51, no. 5-6 (May 15, 2018): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294018773777.
Abstract:
Estimation of vehicle speed by analysis of drive-by noise is a known technique. The methods used in this kind of practice generally estimate the velocity of the vehicle with respect to the microphone(s), so they rely on the relative motion of the vehicle to the microphone(s). There are also other methods that do not rely on this technique. For example, recent research has shown that there is a statistical correlation between vehicle speed and drive-by noise emissions spectra. This does not rely on the relative motion of the vehicle with respect to the microphone(s) so it inspires us to consider the possibility of predicting velocity of the vehicle using an on-board microphone. This has the potential for the development of a new kind of speed sensor. For this purpose we record sound signal from a vehicle under speed variation using an on-board microphone. Sound emissions from a vehicle are very complex, which is from the engine, the exhaust, the air conditioner, other mechanical parts, tires, and air resistance. These emissions carry both stationary and non-stationary information. We propose to make the analysis by wavelet packet analysis, rather than traditional time or frequency domain methods. Wavelet packet analysis, by providing arbitrary time-frequency resolution, enables analyzing signals of stationary and non-stationary nature. It has better time representation than Fourier analysis and better high-frequency resolution than Wavelet analysis. Subsignals from the wavelet packet analysis are analyzed further by Norm Entropy, Log Energy Entropy, and Energy. These features are evaluated by feeding them into a multilayer perceptron. Norm entropy achieves the best prediction with 97.89% average accuracy with 1.11 km/h mean absolute error which corresponds to 2.11% relative error. Time sensitivity is ±0.453 s and is open to improvement by varying the window width. The results indicate that, with further tests at other speed ranges, with other vehicles and under dynamic conditions, this method can be extended to the design of a new kind of vehicle speed sensor.
46
Bavtar, Gorkem, Gokcen Cetinel, Cenk Yavuz, and Onur Akiner. "Designing Audible Safety with Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System for Commercial Vehicles." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.57614.
Abstract:
Abstract: Electric and hybrid vehicles, known for their environmental benefits, also present a unique challenge because of their quiet operation. In urban settings, this lack of noise increases the potential for accidents with pedestrians who rely heavily on auditory cues. In response to this concern, Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems (AVAS) have been introduced and many countries, including the US and EU, have mandated the installation of Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems. These systems produce sounds to alert pedestrians of an approaching vehicle by increasing the audibility of electric and hybrid vehicles to ensure pedestrian safety [1]. In this paper, we dive deep into designing an effective AVAS for commercial vehicles, such as trucks and buses. Any AVAS must conform the international regulations such as the ECE-R138 regulation by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and FMVSS 141 by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), so our design adheres to guidelines set by key global bodies. This endeavour was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye. Our AVAS not only offers a variety of sound options but also includes self-diagnostic features to ensure its consistent performance. An integral part of our study was the utilization of an ASIL-B functional safety-compliant embedded MCU system to generate and manipulate psychoacoustic sounds. The regulations regarding the acoustic characteristics of AVAS sounds, such as minimum sound level, frequency spectrum, and frequency shift, have been instrumental in improving awareness of the AVAS sounds of quiet vehicles[2]. The ultimate aim is to showcase a versatile, compliant, and efficient AVAS, beneficial for the future landscape of electric and hybrid commercial vehicles
47
Hu, Binfei, Zengjun Lu, Qiming Cui, Rongjiang Tang, Zhe Feng, and Daokun Bi. "Prediction and Aerodynamic Analysis of Interior Noise and Wind Drag Generated by the Outside Rear-View Mirror for Commercial Vehicles." Shock and Vibration 2020 (September 14, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8893959.
Abstract:
The outside rear-view mirror (OSRVM) is installed on the vehicle’s surface, which causes unwanted aerodynamic noise and wind drag during driving. It is important to use simulation methods to predict the performance of aerodynamic noise and wind drag of commercial vehicles due to the OSRVM. Considering the wind drag of the OSRVM, a combinational simulation strategy is employed to calculate external flow and interior acoustic fields of commercial vehicles, respectively. The flow field is computed a priori with an incompressible flow solver. The acoustic field was then computed based on the information extracted from the CFD solver. To obtain the interior noise level at the driver’s ears, a vibroacoustic model is used to calculate the response of the window glass structure and interior cavities, where the unsteady aerodynamic pressure loading on the two side windows’ surface is treated as the acoustic source field. The paper provides flow field and acoustic simulations for three OSRVM configuration models. The results are compared to data obtained in road sliding test measurement on the commercial vehicle. The accuracy of the hybrid simulation method is proved, and the comparative analyses verify that the OSRVM B model dramatically reduces the interior noise and wind drag of commercial vehicles.
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Choi, Jae Won, Girish Chowdhary, and Andrew C. Singer. "Acoustic beacon aided underwater vehicle navigation: Observability analysis on vehicle trajectory." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018934.
Abstract:
In the GPS-denied underwater environment, unmanned underwater vehicle navigation commonly depends on integrating the outputs of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and Doppler Velocity Sonar (DVS) for recursive self-localization. However, dead reckoning navigation based on only an IMU and DVS suffers from the accumulation of errors over time. Analogous to using a GPS signal from a satellite, an acoustic signal from a source from a known location can be used to measure time-of-flight (distance) and motion-induced Doppler (relative velocity) to correct for these errors. However, due to the non-linear relationship between the pose and acoustic measurements, analyzing the observability of the positioning system in a traditional sense is nontrivial. For this work, we aim to analyze and design the trajectory of a vehicle that operates in order to ensure a form of observability. This approach provides a sufficient condition for the existence of a one-to-one relationship between the state of the system and the observed series of measurements. By analyzing this form of observability over possible trajectories, our goal is to find a vehicle path plan that can yield a unique pose based on measurements from the onboard sensors and received acoustic signals.
49
Chen, Shuming, Lianhui Wang, Jiqang Song, Dengfeng Wang, and Jing Chen. "Interior High Frequency Noise Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Cab and Multi-Objective Optimization with Statistical Energy Analysis Method." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 16, no. 02 (March 28, 2017): 1750017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477517500171.
Abstract:
The interior sound pressure levels of a commercial vehicle cab at the driver’s right ear position and head rest position are determined as evaluation indices of vehicle acoustic performances. A statistical energy analysis model of the commercial vehicle cab was created by using statistical energy analysis method. The simulated interior acoustic performance of the cab has a significant coincidence with the experimental results. A response surface model was presented to determine the relationship between sound package parameters and evaluation indices of the interior acoustic performance for the vehicle cab. A multi-objective optimization was performed by using NSGA II algorithm with weighting coefficient method. The presented method provides a new idea for the multi-objective optimization design of the acoustic performances in vehicle noise analysis and control field.
50
Ferreira, Tiago S., Pedro A. Magalhães, Frederico L. Moura, and Timoteo S. Ferreira. "The Effect of the Cavity Damping on Vehicular Evaluation using the Finite Element Method." Archives of Acoustics 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2016-0009.
Abstract:
Abstract This work focuses on finding a numerical solution for vehicle acoustic studies and improving the usefulness of the numerical experimental parameters for the development stage of a new automotive project. Specifically, this research addresses the importance of modal cavity damping for vehicle exerts during numerical studies. It then seeks to suggest standardized parameter values of modal cavity damping in vehicular acoustic studies. The standardized value of modal cavity damping is of great importance for the study of vehicular acoustics in the automotive industry because it would allow the industry to begin studies of the acoustic performance of a new vehicle early in the conception phase with a reliable estimation that would be close to the final value measured in the design phase. It is common for the automotive industry to achieve good levels of numerical-experimental correlation in acoustic studies after the prototyping phase because this phase can be studied with feedback from the simulation and experimental modal parameters. Thus, this research suggests values for modal cavity damping, which are divided into two parts due to their behaviour: ξ(x) = −0.0126(x − 100) + 6.15 as a variable function to analyse up to 100 Hz and 6.15% of modal cavity damping constant for studies between 30 Hz and 100 Hz. The sequence of this study shows how we arrived at these values.