Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vehicle

Academic literature on the topic 'Vehicle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Vehicle"

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Vasiljević, S., B. Aleksandrović, J. Glišović, and M. Maslać. "Regenerative braking on electric vehicles: working principles and benefits of application." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1271, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1271/1/012025.

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Abstract The application of electric vehicles leads to a change in the principle of operation and functioning of some systems in the vehicle, which also lead to a change in the concept of the vehicle itself. One of those systems that has a new concept, which differs from vehicles powered by IC engines, is the braking system. The previous function of the braking system was to stop the vehicle, i.e. to reduce the speed of the vehicle in a safe way. In the case of electric vehicles, the friction brakes were retained, with the addition of a regenerative braking system that has the role of replenishing the vehicle's batteries. The regenerative braking system has the role of converting the vehicle's kinetic energy into electrical energy that recharges the batteries. This system is already used today on full electric and hybrid vehicles, i.e. on vehicles powered by an electric motor. The benefits of regenerative braking are reflected on the fact that the vehicle batteries are recharged during braking, vehicle maintenance costs are reduced, the service life of discs and drum brakes on the vehicle is extended, brake non-exhaust emission is reduced, and heat energy emission is reduced, too.
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Babu, Md Ashraful, Md Mortuza Ahmmed, Mir Kaosar Ahamed, and M. Mostafizur Rahman. "A Cluster Based Feasible Time Interval for Tracking Lost or Stolen Vehicle." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 21, no. 1 (October 12, 2022): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v21i1.201.

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The system for tracking and monitoring lost or stolen vehicle is challenging. This device is widely used to assess the vehicle's location using GPS technology. It can be used to track a vehicle or vehicle fleet and to obtain information about the vehicle's current location. There are various challenges for tracking and monitoring vehicles and finding lost vehicles due to the lack of proper real-time vehicle location and hence it is difficult to take necessary action in the immediate proper time after the vehicle has lost or stolen. In this paper a Cluster Based Feasible Time Interval for Vehicle Tracking (CFTVT) algorithm for measuring the minimum time interval for taking action after the vehicle has lost or stolen is proposed. This proposed model helps to imply any appropriate vehicle tracking algorithm in the exact proper time after the vehicle has been lost or stolen.
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Kim, JongBae. "Deep Learning-Based Vehicle Type and Color Classification to Support Safe Autonomous Driving." Applied Sciences 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2024): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14041600.

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This technology can prevent accidents involving large vehicles, such as trucks or buses, by selecting an optimal driving lane for safe autonomous driving. This paper proposes a method for detecting forward-driving vehicles within road images obtained from a vehicle’s DashCam. The proposed method also classifies the types and colors of the detected vehicles. The proposed method uses a YOLO deep learning network for vehicle detection based on a pre-trained ResNet-50 convolutional neural network. Additionally, a Resnet-50 CNN-based object classifier, using transfer learning, was used to classify vehicle types and colors. Vehicle types were classified into four categories based on size whereas vehicle colors were classified into eight categories. During autonomous driving, vehicle types are used to determine driving lanes, whereas vehicle colors are used to distinguish the road infrastructure, such as lanes, vehicles, roads, backgrounds, and buildings. The datasets used for learning consisted of road images acquired in various driving environments. The proposed method achieved a vehicle detection accuracy of 91.5%, vehicle type classification accuracy of 93.9%, and vehicle color classification accuracy of 94.2%. It accurately detected vehicles and classified their types and colors. These can be applied to autonomous and safe driving support systems to enhance the safety of autonomous vehicles.
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Yin, Yanna, Huiying Wen, Lu Sun, and Wei Hou. "Study on the Influence of Road Geometry on Vehicle Lateral Instability." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (October 7, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7943739.

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According to the accident analysis of vehicles in the curve, the skidding, rollover, and lateral drift of vehicles are determined as means to evaluate the lateral stability of vehicles. The utility truck of rear-wheel drive (RWD) is researched, which is high accident rate. Human-vehicle-road simulation models are established by CarSim. Through the orthogonal experiment method, the effects of different road geometries, speed, and interaction factors between road geometries on vehicle lateral stability are studied. In this paper, skidding risk of the vehicle is characterized by the Side-way Force Coefficient (SFC). Rollover risk of the vehicle is characterized by lateral acceleration and the load transfer ratio. Lateral drift risk of the vehicle is characterized by the sideslip angle of wheels. The results of orthogonal analysis reveal that the maximum tire-road friction coefficient and speed are highly significant in skidding of the vehicle. The effects of the combination of horizontal alignment and superelevation on vehicle skidding are important. The effects of horizontal alignment and speed on vehicle rollover risk are highly significant. The effects of superelevation on vehicle rollover risk are significant. The effects of the interaction of horizontal alignment and superelevation are also important on vehicles’ rollover risk. The speed and the maximum tire-road friction coefficient have highly significant effect on the vehicle’s lateral drift. The superelevation has a significant effect on the vehicle’s lateral drift. The effects of the interaction of horizontal alignment and superelevation and longitudinal slope are also important on the lateral drift of the vehicle.
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Ahirrao, Abhishek, Shantanu Metkar, Abhishek Avhad, Dr Swapnil Awate, and Prof Vishal Shinde. "Hybrid Electric AWD Vehicle Kit." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 1566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47667.

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Abstract: The environmental impact of ICE automobiles in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries prompted the development of electric vehicles. Electric vehicles have numerous advantages over traditional internal combustion engines (ICE) vehicles, including the fact that they emit no carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. With many advantages of electric vehicles over traditional ICE vehicles, the world is moving toward EVs as a new improved means of transportation. Electric vehicles' tank to wheel efficiency is three times larger than ICE vehicles', and electric vehicles have very low running and maintenance costs. Even though electric vehicles are the best alternative, they do have significant disadvantages that are listed in the problem statement. Our proposal aims to bridge the gap between pure electric and traditional ICE automobiles by combining the primary benefits and advantages of both technologies. The project's main goal is to convert any existing ICE car into the most efficient vehicle possible. Our car can basically run on two distinct independent sources of energy, or even a combination of both. It can function as a pure electric vehicle, a pure ICE vehicle, or a hybrid AWD vehicle (where high amount of power is required). It has been shown that the average city dweller does not drive his or her car for more than 25 kilometers per day, and that the vehicle is parked the majority of the time. As a result, that individual can traverse that distance in pure electric mode, and our vehicle's solar charging mechanism will recover/recharge the energy expended while on the road. As a result, the person will be able to use our vehicle for free to generate sustainable energy. The use of ICE vehicles is rapidly increasing pollution in the environment; even pure EVs are an indirect source of pollution because the bulk of power is still generated by burning coal, thus our vehicle's use will undoubtedly make a significant difference.
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Gao, Kai, Di Yan, Fan Yang, Jin Xie, Li Liu, Ronghua Du, and Naixue Xiong. "Conditional Artificial Potential Field-Based Autonomous Vehicle Safety Control with Interference of Lane Changing in Mixed Traffic Scenario." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 4199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194199.

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Car-following is an essential trajectory control strategy for the autonomous vehicle, which not only improves traffic efficiency, but also reduces fuel consumption and emissions. However, the prediction of lane change intentions in adjacent lanes is problematic, and will significantly affect the car-following control of the autonomous vehicle, especially when the vehicle changing lanes is only a connected unintelligent vehicle without expensive and accurate sensors. Autonomous vehicles suffer from adjacent vehicles’ abrupt lane changes, which may reduce ride comfort and increase energy consumption, and even lead to a collision. A machine learning-based lane change intention prediction and real time autonomous vehicle controller is proposed to respond to this problem. First, an interval-based support vector machine is designed to predict the vehicles’ lane change intention utilizing limited low-level vehicle status through vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Then, a conditional artificial potential field method is used to design the car-following controller by incorporating the lane-change intentions of the vehicle. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method can estimate a vehicle’s lane change intention more accurately. The autonomous vehicle avoids collisions with a lane-changing connected unintelligent vehicle with reliable safety and favorable dynamic performance.
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Mudda, Avinash, P. Sashi Kiran, Ashish Kumar, and Venkata Sreenivas. "Vehicle Allowance System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 1085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50169.

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Abstract: License plate detection is an image processing technology that uses a license (number) plate for vehicle identification. The objective is to design and implement an efficient vehicle identification system that identifies the vehicle using the vehicle’s license plate. The system can be implemented at the entrance of parking lots, toll booths, or any private premises like colleges, etc. to keep records of ongoing and outgoing vehicles. It can be used to allow access to only permitted vehicles inside the premises. The developed system first captures the image of the vehicle’s front, then detects the license plate, and then reads the license plate. The vehicle license plate is extracted using image processing of the image. Optical character recognition (OCR) is used for character recognition. The system is implemented using OpenCV and its performance is tested on various images. It is observed that the developed system successfully detects and recognizes the vehicle license plate. To recognize License number plates using the Python programming language. We will utilize OpenCV for this project to identify the license number plates and the python py-tesseract for the characters and digits extraction from the plate. We will build a Python program that automatically recognizes the License Number Plate
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Chen, Xuewen, Huaqing Chen, and Huan Xu. "Vehicle Detection Based on Multifeature Extraction and Recognition Adopting RBF Neural Network on ADAS System." Complexity 2020 (October 6, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8842297.

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A region of interest (ROI) that may contain vehicles is extracted based on the composite features on vehicle’s bottom shadow and taillights by setting a gray threshold on vehicle shadow region and a series of constraints on taillights. In order to identify the existence of target vehicle in front of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) for the extracted ROI, a neural network recognizer of the Radial Basis Function (RBF) is found by extracting a series of parameters on the vehicle’s edge and region features. Using a large amount of collected images, the ROI that may contain vehicles is verified to be effective by extracting composite features of the shadow at the bottom of vehicle and taillights. Based on the positive and negative sample base of vehicles, the neural network recognizer is trained and learned, which can quickly realize network convergence. Furthermore, the vehicle can be effectively identified in the region of interest using the trained network. Test results show that the vehicle detection method based on multifeature extraction and recognition method based on RBF network have stable performance and high recognition accuracy.
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Mansour, Ayman M. "Cooperative Multi-Agent Vehicle-to-Vehicle Wireless Network in a Noisy Environment." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 15 (February 22, 2021): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.15.

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With the rapid development of vehicle communication and the goal of self-driving vehicle, research in this area is still ongoing, as car companies aspire for more studies and effective communication methods between vehicles. In this research, we have developed an intelligent, innovative and fully integrated multi agent model, which is used for vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The developed model is supported by an intelligent system based on a Nonlinear External Neural Network (NARX) and signal estimation theory. The system is built using real vehicles sensors, Arduino, GSM and RF technologies. The system is tested by applying different scenarios and observing vehicle behaviors. The results show that the smart system is able to make the appropriate decision based on both the vehicle's current condition and sensor readings. The developed system is able to operate effectively in a noisy environment in an excellent manner.
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Lee, Kwan Hyeong. "Improvement in Target Range Estimation and the Range Resolution Using Drone." Electronics 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071136.

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This study measured the speed of a moving vehicle in multiple lanes using a drone. The existing methods for measuring a vehicle’s speed while driving on the road measure the speed of moving automobiles by means of a sensor that is mounted on a structure. In another method, a person measures the speed of a vehicle at the edge of a road using a speed-measuring tool. The existing method for measuring a vehicle’s speed requires the installation of a gentry-structure; however, this produces a high risk for traffic accidents, which makes it impossible to measure a vehicle’s speed in multiple lanes at once. In this paper, a method that used a drone to measure the speed of moving vehicles in multiple lanes was proposed. The suggested method consisted of two LiDAR sets mounted on the drone, with each LiDAR sensor set measuring the speed of vehicles moving in one lane; that is, estimating the speed of moving vehicles in multiple lanes was possible by moving the drone over the road. The proposed method’s performance was compared with that of existing equipment in order to measure the speed of moving vehicles using the manufactured drone. The results of the experiment, in which the speed of moving vehicles was measured, showed that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the first lane and the second lane was 3.30 km/h and 2.27 km/h, respectively. The vehicle detection rate was 100% in the first lane. In the second lane, the vehicle detection rate was 94.12%, but the vehicle was not detected twice in the experiment. The average vehicle detection rate is 97.06%. Compared with the existing measurement system, the multi-lane moving vehicle speed measurement method that used the drone developed in this study reduced the risk of accidents, increased the convenience of movement, and measured the speed of vehicles moving in multiple lanes using a drone. In addition, it was more efficient than current measurement systems because it allowed an accurate measurement of speed in bad environmental conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vehicle"

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Manuzzi, Nicolas. "Autonomous Vehicle and Internet on Vehicles." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9211/.

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Felixson, Henrik. "Vehicle Ahead Property Estimation in Heavy Duty Vehicles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108341.

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Rombach, Markus. "Vehicle Speed Estimation for Articulated Heavy-Duty Vehicles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152428.

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Common trends in the vehicle industry are semiautonomous functions and autonomous solutions. This new type of functionality sets high requirements on the knowledge about the state of the vehicle. A precise vehicle speed is important for many functions, and one example is the positioning system which often is reliant on an accurate speed estimation. This thesis investigates how an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), consisting of a gyroscope and an accelerometer, can support the vehicle speed estimation from wheel speed sensors. The IMU was for this purpose mounted on a wheelloader. To investigate the speed estimation EKFs (Extended Kalman Filters) with different vehicle and sensor models are implemented. Furthermore all filters are extended to Kalman smoothers. First an analysis of the sensors was performed. The EKFs were then developed and verified using a simulation model developed by Volvo Construction Equipment. The filters were also implemented on the wheel loader and tested on data collected from real world scenarios.
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Mikesell, David Russell. "Portable automated driver for universal road vehicle dynamics testing." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1198722243.

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Roediger, Micah David. "Exploring human-vehicle communication to balance transportation safety and efficiency: A naturalistic field study of pedestrian-vehicle interactions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96198.

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While driving behavior is generally governed by the nature and the driving objectives of the driver, there are many situations (typically in crowded traffic conditions) where tacit communication between vehicle drivers and pedestrians govern driving behavior, significantly influencing transportation safety. The study aimed to formalize the tacit communication between vehicle drivers and pedestrians, in order to inform an investigation on effective communication mechanisms between autonomous vehicle and humans. Current autonomous vehicles engage in decision making primarily controlled by on-board or external sensory information, and do not explicitly consider communication with pedestrians. The study was a within subject 2x2x2 factorial experimental design. The three independent variables were driving context (normal driving vs. autonomous vehicle placard), driving route (1 vs. 2), and narration (yes vs. no). The primary outcome variable was driver-yield behavior. Each of the ten drivers completed the factorial design, requiring eight total drives. Data were collected using a data acquisition system (DAS) designed and installed on the experimental vehicle by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. The DAS collected video, audio, and kinematic data. Videos were coded using a proprietary software program, Hawkeye, based on an a priori data directory. Recommendations for future autonomous vehicle research and programming are provided.
Ph. D.
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Varnhagen, Scott Julian. "Development of Vehicle Dynamics Control for Wheel-Motored Vehicles." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685305.

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This dissertation describes a methodology for the vehicle dynamics control of a wheel motored vehicle. All theory is developed assuming that the driver has control of the front wheel steering angle, and that wheel torque is solely generated by independent wheel motors at each corner of the vehicle. Theoretical work is presented for the general case with four independent wheel motors, but can be easily reduced to a situation with only two wheel motors. Indeed, all theory developed in this work is evaluated experimentally on a production automobile converted to be driven by two independent rear wheel motors.

As opposed to directly allocating wheel torques, the proposed philosophy operates in the slip-ratio domain. Doing so helps to prevent excessive tire saturation and allows the system to adapt to changing road surfaces. To that end, this dissertation first proposes a method of estimating slip-ratio utilizing only sensors currently available on modern automobiles. A slip-ratio controller is then developed approximating the disturbance observer structure. This allows the controller to be robust to changing road surface and as a byproduct provide an accurate estimate of longitudinal tire force. Combining the estimated longitudinal tire force with the estimated slip-ratio it is then possible to ascertain some degree of tire saturation. With this in mind, an optimal control allocation problem is proposed which attempts to achieve the desired vehicle dynamics while at the same time minimizing tire saturation.

It is shown experimentally that the proposed control methodology effectively achieves desired vehicle dynamics. In addition, the system adapts its behavior to changing road surfaces resulting in optimal performance regardless of operating conditions.

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Sundström, Christofer. "Model Based Vehicle Level Diagnosis for Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105487.

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When hybridizing a vehicle, new components are added that need to be monitored due to safety and legislative demands. Diagnostic aspects due to powertrain hybridization are investigated, such as that there are more mode switches in the hybrid powertrain compared to a conventional powertrain, and that there is a freedom in choosing operating points of the components in the powertrain via the overall energy management and still fulfill the driver torque request. A model of a long haulage truck is developed, and a contribution is a new electric machine model. The machine model is of low complexity, and treats the machine constants in a different way compared to a standard model. It is shown that this model describes the power losses significantly better when adopted to real data, and that this modeling improvement leads to better signal separation between the non-faulty and faulty cases compared to the standard model. To investigate the influence of the energy management design and sensor configuration on the diagnostic performance, two vehicle level diagnosis systems based on different sensor configurations are designed and implemented. It is found that there is a connection between the operating modes of the vehicle and the diagnostic performance, and that this interplay is of special relevance in the system based on few sensors. In consistency based diagnosis it is investigated if there exists a solution to a set of equations with analytical redundancy, i.e. there are more equations than unknown variables. The selection of sets of equations to be included in the diagnosis system and in what order to compute the unknown variables in the used equations affect the diagnostic performance. A systematic method that finds properties and constructs residual generator candidates based on a model has been developed. Methods are also devised for utilization of the residual generators, such as initialization of dynamic residual generators, and for consideration of the fault excitation in the residuals using the internal form of the residual generators. For demonstration, the model of the hybridized truck is used in a simulation study, and it is shown that the methods significantly increase the diagnostic performance. The models used in a diagnosis system need to be accurate for fault detection. Map based models describe the fault free behavior accurately, but fault isolability is often difficult to achieve using this kind of model. To achieve also good fault isolability performance without extensive modeling, a new diagnostic approach is presented. A map based model describes the nominal behavior, and another model, that is less accurate but in which the faults are explicitly included, is used to model how the faults affect the output signals. The approach is exemplified by designing a diagnosis system monitoring the power electronics and the electric machine in a hybrid vehicle, and simulations show that the approach works well.
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Rahman, Md Mahbubar. "Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problems Using Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28423.

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In this thesis, we investigate new multi-echelon vehicle routing problems for logistics operations using unmanned autonomous vehicles. This can provide immediate tangible outcomes, especially in high-demand areas that are otherwise difficult or costly to serve. This type of problem differs from the commonly used multi-echelon supply chain management systems in that here there exist no intermediate facilities that consolidate/separate products for delivery; instead all decisions are made on a per-vehicle basis. We describe here how we can obtain the necessary parameters (data collection) to evaluate the performance of such multi-echelon systems. We also provide three mathematical formulations based on different assumptions and case scenarios. We then study the differences between the three models in practice, as far as routing cost and duration of operations are concerned. We finally show that there are savings to be had by properly employing unmanned vehicles for logistics operations.
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Dowd, Garrett E. "Improving Autonomous Vehicle Safety using Communicationsand Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574861007798385.

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Harvey, Daniel R. "Willans Line Modeling for Powertrain Analysis and Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104087.

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With electric vehicles becoming increasingly prevalent in the automotive market consumers are becoming more conscientious of total driving range. In light of this trend, reliable and accurate modeling methods are necessary to aid the development of more energy efficient vehicles with greater drivable range. Many methods exist for evaluating energy consumption of current and future vehicle designs over the US certification drive cycles. This work focuses on utilizing the well-established Willans line approximation and proposes a simplified modeling method to determine electric vehicle energy consumption and powertrain efficiency. First, a backwards physics-based model is applied to determine tractive effort at the wheel to meet US certification drive cycle demand. Second, the Willans line approximation then augments the tractive effort model and parameterizes the vehicle powertrain to establish a bi-directional power flow method. This bi-directional approach separates propel and brake phases of the vehicle over the certification City and Highway drive cycles to successfully isolate the vehicle powertrain from non-intrinsic losses, such as parasitic accessory loads. The proposed method of bi-directional modeling and parameter tuning provides significant insight to the efficiency, losses, and energy consumption of a modeled electric vehicle strictly using publicly available test data. Results are presented for eight electric vehicles with production years varying from 2016 to 2021. These electric vehicles are chosen to encapsulate the electric vehicle market as performance electric vehicles to smaller commuter electric vehicles are selected. All vehicles are modeled with an accessory load constrained between 300 and 850 W and a regenerative braking ("regen") low-speed cutoff of 5 mph with six of the eight vehicles modeled with a regenerative braking fraction of 94%. The bi-directional Willans line is then tuned to reach agreement with the net EPA energy consumption test data for each vehicle with the results presented as representative of the chosen vehicle. Lastly, a transfer function relating major model inputs to the output is derived and lends considerable insight for the sensitivity of the modeling method. Sensitivity of the proposed modeling method is conducted for a 2017 BMW i3 with the model deemed reasonably resilient to changes in input parameters. The model is most sensitive to changes in powertrain marginal efficiency with a 6% decrease of marginal efficiency leading to a 0.404 kW and 0.793 kW cycle average net battery power increase for the City and Highway drive cycles respectively. Additionally, the model is also sensitive to changes in vehicle accessory load with a direct relationship between increases of vehicle accessory load to increases of cycle average net battery power for the City and Highway cycles. The sensitivity results justify the use of the proposed model as a method for evaluating vehicle energy consumption and powertrain efficiency solely using publicly available test data.
Master of Science
Developing robust and accurate methods for analyzing electric vehicle energy consumption and powertrain efficiency is of great interest. For the purposes of this paper, powertrain refers to a motor / inverter pair which is coupled to a simple gear reduction for torque multiplication. Many vehicles are designed with motors of varying power and torque capabilities which can present challenges when attempting to effectively compare electric vehicles from different manufacturers. The proposed modeling method presented in this work utilizes public test data to derive detailed vehicle and powertrain information. Vehicle energy consumption is also modeled and compared to net EPA test data. Eight electric vehicles are modeled with each vehicle representing a specific segment of the current electric vehicle market. A bi-directional Willans line is applied to model the propel and brake phases of each electric vehicle over the US certification drive cycles. The bi-directional approach effectively isolates the vehicle powertrain from non-intrinsic losses. From the derived powertrain parameters and modeled energy consumption, the proposed method is deemed accurate and highly useful for translating public test data to detailed vehicle information. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis is presented with the proposed method deemed reasonably resilient to changes in input parameters. The modeling method is most sensitive to changes of powertrain marginal efficiency and vehicle accessory load but constraining these inputs to reasonable ranges for electric vehicles proves sufficient.
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Books on the topic "Vehicle"

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United States Departmet of the Air Force. Vehicle maintenance management: Motor vehicles. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Air Force, Headquarters US Air Force, 1989.

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Great Britain. Department of Transport. and Great Britain. Government Statistical Service., eds. Vehicle licensing statistics: Motor vehicles currently licensed, new registrations, goods vehicle statistics. London: HMSO, 1996.

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Great Britain. Government Statistical Service. and Great Britain. Department ofTransport., eds. Vehicle licensing statistics 1993: Motor vehicles currently licensed, new registrations, goods vehicle statistics. London: H.M.S.O., 1994.

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Ireland. Dept. of Transport. Vehicle testers manual 2004: Light goods vehicles. Dublin: Stationery Office, 2004.

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Nguyễn, Kim Hưng. The book of three vehicles of Caodaism doctrine: Complete set of the books: grade: Small vehicle, Medium vehicle, Superior vehicle. Hà Nội: Nhà xuá̂t bản Tôn giáo, 2009.

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Great Britain. Department of Transport. and Great Britain Vehicle Inspectorate, eds. Vehicle safety recalls: Vehicle recall bulletin. London: Department of Transport, 2003.

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Vehicle stability. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2004.

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Vehicle dynamics for commercial vehicles. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2006.

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Vehicle dynamics for commercial vehicles. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2007.

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Colberg, Reginald. Vehicle Maintenance Log Book: Vehicle Details and Expenses for All Vehicles, the Vehicle Maintenance Record Book. Independently Published, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vehicle"

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Nowak, Andrzej, Jacek Chmielewski, and Sylwia Stawska. "Vehicles and gross vehicle weight." In Bridge Traffic Loading, 11–46. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429318849-2.

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Holtzapple, Mark. "Vehicle Biofuels vehicle biofuels." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 11429–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_871.

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Mecklenbräuker, Christoph, Laura Bernadó, Oliver Klemp, Andreas Kwoczek, Alexander Paier, Moritz Schack, Katrin Sjöberg, et al. "Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications." In Signals and Communication Technology, 577–608. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2315-6_14.

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I. Meneguette, Rodolfo, Robson E. De Grande, and Antonio A. F. Loureiro. "Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication." In Urban Computing, 79–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93332-0_5.

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Holtzapple, Mark. "Vehicle Biofuels vehicle biofuels." In Transportation Technologies for Sustainability, 1006–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5844-9_871.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Vehicle." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 790. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12464.

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Weik, Martin H. "vehicle." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1884. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20708.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Vehicle." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 931. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_15076.

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Kriescher, Michael, Sebastian Scheibe, and Tilo Maag. "Development of the Safe Light Regional Vehicle (SLRV): A Lightweight Vehicle Concept with a Fuel Cell Drivetrain." In Small Electric Vehicles, 179–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_14.

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AbstractThe safe light regional vehicle (SLRV) concept was developed within the DLR project next-generation car (NGC). NGC SLRV addresses the safety concern of typical L7e vehicles. The SLRV is therefore specifically designed to demonstrate significant improvements to the passive safety of small vehicles. Another important goal of the NGC SLRV concept is to offer solutions to some of the main challenges of electric vehicles: to provide an adequate range and at the same time a reasonable price of the vehicle. In order to address these challenges a major goal of the concept is to minimize the driving resistance of the vehicle, by use of lightweight sandwich structures. A fuel cell drivetrain also helps to keep the overall size and weight of the vehicle low, while still providing sufficient range.
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Gao, Yimin. "Vehicle Vehicle Dynamics vehicle dynamic(s) and Performance." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 11481–502. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_799.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vehicle"

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Vantsevich, Vladimir, David Gorsich, Jesse Paldan, Jordan Whitson, Brian Butrico, and Oleg Sapunkov. "Vehicle Dynamic Factor Characterized by Actual Velocity and Combined Influence of the Transmission and Driveline System." In 11th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the ISTVS. International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56884/arao9883.

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A vehicle’s dynamic factor characterizes the potential that can be created by the powertrain that may be utilized to overcome the rolling resistance, grade resistance, and accelerate the vehicle. The dynamic factor is commonly given as a function of the vehicle's theoretical velocity and computed using the powertrain characteristics without taking into account the effect of the driveline configuration which can impact the tire slippages and vehicle’s actual velocity. The velocity reduction due to tire slip can considerably impact the vehicle speed for off-road vehicles operating with large traction requirements. In this paper, a new approach to interpretation of the dynamic factor is presented which is based on the vehicle's actual velocity and driveline characteristics. The computation of the actual velocity accounts for the individual tire slippages of vehicles with multiple driving axles, which is influenced by the ground condition and power splitting characteristics of the driveline. A comparison of the conventional and proposed approach is given for a 4x4 off-road vehicle. A set of factors for vehicle design are proposed based on integral qualities of the ideal and actual dynamic factor to characterize the combined influence of the transmission and driveline system to utilize the engine power for vehicle acceleration performance.
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Kaminski, Meghan, and Zackery Borton. "Development, Application, and Implementation of Passenger Vehicle Wind Averaged Drag for Vehicle Development." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2532.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A new methodology is discussed for the development and implementation of a wind-averaged drag analysis technique for the development of aerodynamic-driven surfaces for use in the automotive industry. Current methods of vehicle design focus on reducing the straight-line coefficient of drag using wind tunnel testing and computational fluid dynamics and quote this value as the vehicle's aerodynamic performance. It is suggested to transition passenger vehicle aerodynamic design to the methodology employed for Class-A vehicles and design with a focus on reducing the wind-averaged drag value. Based on the methods used in J1252, the wind averaged drag calculation method utilizes the average wind speed a vehicle will experience in the continental United States and assumes an equal probability of the wind coming from all directions relative to the vehicle. Wind-averaged drag will optimize vehicle design for real-world improvements of vehicle efficiency. The wind average drag developed herein modifies and adapts the current standards for Class-A vehicles and applies it to passenger vehicles. Additionally, this paper includes examples of similarities and differences during the design process of individual parts when designing to reduce the straight-line drag coefficient versus the wind-averaged drag coefficient.</div></div>
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Vigil, Cole Mackenzie, Omar Kaayal, and Alexander Szepelak. "Quantifying the Deceleration of Various Electric Vehicles Utilizing Regenerative Braking." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0623.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Regenerative braking is present in almost all electric vehicle models and as the demand for electric vehicles grows, the types of electric vehicles grow as well. Regenerative braking allows for an electric vehicle to convert a vehicle's kinetic energy into electrical potential energy by utilizing the electric motors to slow the vehicle. This potential energy is then returned to the vehicle’s battery allowing for the vehicle’s range to be extended. The vehicles tested during the study were as follows: 2022 Rivian R1T, 2022 Tesla Model Y, 2022 Hyundai Ioniq 5, 2020 Tesla Model 3, 2021 Volkswagen ID.4, and 2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E. Although regenerative braking slows the vehicle, not all levels of regenerative braking bring the vehicle to a complete stop. The study showed that there are typically two types of regenerative braking. The first, commonly referred to as one-pedal driving, will bring a vehicle to a complete stop without the application of the brake pedal. The other slows the vehicle to a pre-determined speed before the regenerative braking is no longer applied. This type of regenerative braking allowed the vehicle to move forward, or coast, after regenerative braking was no longer applied. This study sought to determine and compare the average deceleration from regenerative braking, without applying the brake pedal, of each vehicle at all levels of regeneration. Tests were conducted at speeds of approximately 15 mph, 30 mph, 45 mph, and 60 mph. As electric vehicles introduced the ability to change the vehicles performance and driving characteristics through software updates, it may be necessary to complete testing periodically.</div></div>
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Brar, Bavneet S., and Ravi Tangirala. "Re-Examination of NHTSA’s Research Moving Deformable Barrier Front Oblique Impacts With Vehicle to Vehicle Crashes Using FE Models." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65198.

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The objective of this study is to investigate how the target vehicle’s structural response to NHTSA’s Research Moving Deformable Barrier (RMDB), during oblique impact conditions, compares with actual vehicle to vehicle impacts. It tabulates vehicle kinematics, deformation mode and structural intrusions for both the simulated field accident situations, with a SUV and a small car bullet vehicles, onto a small car target vehicle. These parameters are then compared with those resulting from the RMDB impact simulations. The differences are highlighted and quantified. The effects of the bullet vehicles variation in impact speed were also investigated. The paper details sensitivity of the RMDB’s Principle Direction of Force by varying the impact overlap percentage. Lastly, further modifications to the RMDB have been suggested to improve its vehicle to vehicle relevance. The FE models used in this research were a full vehicle, restraints and occupant integrated small car model along with a midsized SUV simulation model.
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Yoshizawa, Shoichi, Yoichiro Tanaka, Masahiro Ohyamaguchi, Kenji Maruyama, Satoshi Kitazaki, Kouichi Kurodo, Shinpei Sato, Tetsu Obata, Yuumi Hirokawa, and Masayasu Iwasaki. "Development of Display Information and Telematics Systems for a Reliable and Attractive Electric Vehicle." In 1st International Electric Vehicle Technology Conference. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-39-7215.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the display information, navigation and telematics systems developed specifically for The newly developed Electric Vehicle to dispel drivers' anxieties about operating an Electric Vehicle. Drivers of Electric Vehicles will need to understand various new kinds of information about the vehicle's operational status that differ from conventional gasoline-engine vehicles. Additionally, owing to the current driving range of Electric Vehicles and limited availability of charging stations, drivers will want to know acccurate the remaining driving range, amount of power and the latest information about charging station locations. It will also be important to ensure that people unfamiliar with Electric Vehicles will be able to operate them easily as rental cars or in car-sharing systems without experiencing any inconvenience. These needs have been met in the newly developed Electric Vehicle mainly by prioritizing displayed information, adopting a combination main meter-navigation system display and providing a two-way communication capability along with real-time information.</div></div>
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Jawad, Saad A. W. "Compatibility Analysis of Vehicle-to-Vehicle in Head-On Collision." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1187.

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Abstract An eight-degrees of freedom, two dimensional lumped-mass simulation model have been developed to study aggressivity of mass and stiffness ratio of vehicles in head-on collisions. Other factors like length of crumple zone, offset overlap and speed are also considered. The model assumes that the two colliding structures geometrically interact with each other. Engine assembly mass, primary and secondary stiffness parameters are considered in the model. Three injury risk criteria have been considered in this study; delta V or change in velocity of vehicle after impact, maximum acceleration sustained by the passenger compartment throughout impact, and length of deformation sustained by the car front. The most crucial aggressivity parameter is the mass ratio for the delta V criterion. The second and third aggressivity parameters are mass ratio and stiffness ratio for deformation length criterion. A slightly softer and longer crumple zone is proposed to be used for heavier vehicles to achieve compatibility of crashes of vehicles of different mass. This measure would alleviate aggressivity by a factor of about 20%. It was found that both mass and stiffness ratio have no aggressivity on the partner vehicle, as far as acceleration injury criterion is concerned. Acceleration is determined by the vehicle’s own mass and stiffness.
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Yee, Ryan, Ellick Chan, Bin Cheng, and Gaurav Bansal. "Collaborative Perception for Automated Vehicles Leveraging Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications." In 2018 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2018.8500388.

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Gupta, Neha G., Rajesh D. Thakre, and Yogesh A. Suryawanshi. "VANET based prototype vehicles model for vehicle to vehicle communication." In 2017 International Conference of Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceca.2017.8203672.

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Yadav, Amrendra Singh, Aditi Tripathi, Ashutosh Kumar, and Dharmendra Singh Kushwaha. "Vehicle-to-Vehicle Energy Trading Blockchain System for Electric Vehicles." In 2024 16th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kst61284.2024.10499695.

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Doğru, Abdulhamid Han, Buse Yildirim, and Rafet Can Umutlu. "Torque Vectoring on Front Wheel Drive Vehicle with Hub Motors." In 7th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International guest Students Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2023.036.

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Nowadays electric vehicles (EVs) which are equivalent to fossil fuel vehicles and run on more environmentally friendly fuels, have become popular in the automotive industry. So EVs have very common use areas in that field. Driving stability and safety are also of great importance in these widely used vehicles. In this sense, torque vectoring (TV) appears as the most modern approach.TV control systems provide the distribution of torque to the wheels by the effect of the yaw moment. The application of torque vectoring in vehicles reduces power losses in the motor driver and the vehicle’s power consumption. Using efficient torque vectoring algorithms for electric vehicles, this research describes existing and emerging vehicle technology related to yaw moment management and traction control. The article provides the allocation of wheel torques for a two-wheel drive all electric vehicle with individually controlled engines. Lateral dynamics and moment dynamics were used in the construction of this torque allocation. In addition, the lateral velocity and yaw rate of the vehicle related to the specified inputs were calculated from the nonlinear front wheel drive vehicle model which was designed by MATLAB. The reference yaw rate and the yaw rate, which is the output of the system, were compared and the error in between and the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller were fed. The hub motor, which is widely used in electric vehicles and is easy to control, was used as the engine in the system. While increasing the control on this vehicle, the designed torque vectoring system also increased the stability and driving performance during turning.
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Reports on the topic "Vehicle"

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Liu, Yongyang, Anye Zhou, Yu Wang, and Srinivas Peeta. Non-connected Vehicle Detection Using Connected Vehicles. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317646.

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Sapienza, Francis, Michael Parker, Mark Bodie, and Sally Shoop. Vehicle modeling in Unreal Engine 4. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47923.

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Vehicle modeling software has presented considerable challenges in properly representing vehicle mobility in extreme conditions. We have recently been developing new vehicle models and scenes in Unreal Engine. Unreal Engine is best known as a video game creation platform focused on graphics and has relatively few options for real world accurate physics modeling. UE4 allows for lots of customization internally or via supplemental C++ code, so this can be mitigated by the addition of various functions to account for different situations a vehicle might be in. We have successfully implemented the following: accurately functioning wheeled vehicles, tracked vehicles, and created simulated and real world environments, downloaded through Geowatch heightmaps. Each environment can have various terrain conditions including soil, rock, snow, and sand applied across its surface. Modeling snow in these environments is of particular interest and recent motion resistance and sinkage models have been integrated into the software to affect graphics and vehicle performance. This new model for vehicle mobility offers an opportunity to improve the physics and graphics of differing terrains especially for winter conditions. The new model also allows for features to be updated and added with ease in the future.
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Sakhare, Rahul Suryakant, Jairaj Desai, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim, Justin Mahlberg, Howell Li, and Darcy M. Bullock. Evaluating the Impact of Vehicle Digital Communication Alerts on Vehicles. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317324.

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Traditional methods for communicating the presence of maintenance activities and work zones have been done with a variety of fixed signs. The increase of in-vehicle connectivity on our roads—either directly integrated into the vehicle or via an application running on a mobile phone–provides an opportunity for additional communication to motorists about the presence of emergency vehicles, maintenance activities, or work zones. Although the exact form of the in-vehicle communication is evolving and will continue to do so, a critical first step is to leverage the extensive telematics currently deployed on the Indiana Department of Transportation Vehicles. The objective of this study was to conduct trial deployments on a variety of INDOT vehicles, and to begin a dialog with private sector partners about what information INDOT can share that will provide a safer roadway for all motorists, INDOT workers, and INDOT partners. The final design of connected vehicles will likely change considerably over the next few years as market forces determine what type of information is directly integrated into the vehicle and what information is integrated via cell phones. This report identifies several examples where in-vehicle notification alerting drivers to the presence of service and contractor vehicles was acknowledged by drivers. Hard braking data is being used to determine if these alerts have a meaningful impact on safety. Early results indicate substantial reduction in hard braking events (from 29 to 3) between conditions when queue trucks are not used and when they are used. A larger data set is currently being collected with Hoosier Helpers to isolate the impact of the in-vehicle alerts.
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Kwiat, Paul, Eric Chitambar, Andrew Conrad, and Samantha Isaac. Autonomous Vehicle-Based Quantum Communication Network. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-020.

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Quantum communication was demonstrated using autonomous vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), as well as autonomous vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). Supporting critical subsystems including compact size, weight, and power (SWaP) quantum sources; optical systems; and pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) subsystems were designed, developed, and tested. Novel quantum algorithms were created and analyzed, including quantum position verification (QPV) for mobile autonomous vehicles. The results of this research effort can be leveraged in support of future cross-platform, mobile quantum communication networks that provide improved security, more accurate autonomous sensors, and connected quantum computing nodes for next-generation, smart-infrastructure systems.
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Roth, Christian. Design of the In-vehicle Experience. SAE International, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022012.

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The in-vehicle experience, both physical and digital, is increasingly the differentiating factor between vehicles. Since touch displays, smart surfaces, and internet connectivity are present in most vehicle segments, the growing resemblance of in-vehicle experiences with mobile experiences leads to user expectations on par with smartphones. While manufacturers are faced with providing suitable service offerings that are safe to use, they must also identify services to exclude or limit, without encouraging drivers to resort back to their mobile devices. This increasingly complex in-vehicle experience design process is being shaped by new stakeholders, including operating system providers and application developers. Design of the In-vehicle Experience examines the challenging and changing relationships between manufacturers (that lack in software development and mobile experience design skills) and new stakeholders (that lack the decades of experience designing for the driving context). The report also discusses augmenting and expanding existing guidelines and best practices to address the challenges of modern in-vehicle experience design.
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Chien, Stanley, Lauren Christopher, Yaobin Chen, Mei Qiu, and Wei Lin. Origin-Destination Vehicle Counts in Weaving Area Utilizing Existing Field Data. Purdue University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317719.

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Vehicle weaving describes the vehicle lane changes in areas between consecutive merge and diverge ramp junctions. During heavy traffic, vehicle weaving will slow down traffic, cause congestion, and increase the possibility of crashes. It is desirable to automatically capture the weaving information using camera videos in the weaving areas. The currently existing weaving area analysis is very tedious and labor-intensive. This report describes a novel system that uses the videos simultaneously captured at the entry and exit of the weaving area to find the number and percentage of vehicles from each lane on the entry to each lane on the exit. The system provides a convenient user interface, uses AI techniques to detect vehicles from camera videos, uses vehicle motion to identify the lanes, tracks and matches the vehicles at the entry and exit in the lane level, and presents the weaving analysis result in a user-friendly Sankey diagram. Compared to the other existing weaving analysis methods, this system can reduce the human work hours by at least 90%.
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Kontou, Eleftheria, Yen-Chu Wu, and Jiewen Luo. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-023.

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We study the allocation of dynamic electric vehicle charging investments from the policymaker’s perspective, which aims to meet statewide emission-reduction targets for the Illinois passenger vehicle sector. We determine statewide charging deployment trajectories over a 30-year planning horizon and estimate their emission reduction. Electric vehicle demand functions model the electrified vehicle market growth and capture network externalities and spatial heterogeneity. Our analysis indicates that most chargers need to be deployed in the first 10 to 15 years of the transition to allow benefits to accrue for electric vehicle drivers, availability of home charging influences consumers’ choice and drivers’ electrified travel distance, charging stations should be prioritized for frequent long-distance drivers, and spatial effects are crucial in accurately capturing the demand for electric vehicles in Illinois. We also develop a multi-criteria suitability map to site charging stations for electric vehicles based on economic, societal, and environmental justice indicators. We identify census tracts that should be prioritized during Illinois’ statewide deployment of charging infrastructure along with interstates and major highways that traverse them. Major interstates and highways I-90, I-80, I-55, and I-57 are identified as having high siting suitability scores for charging stations. Last, a novel location model was developed for equitable electric vehicle charging infrastructure placement in the Illinois interstate and major highway network. Two objectives were set to reduce detours and improve the ability to complete long-distance trips for low-income electric vehicle travelers and multi-unit dwelling residents. Our analysis indicates that if the system’s efficiency is the only consideration, low-income/multi-unit housing resident travelers are most likely to fail to complete their trips, while an equitable charging siting could mitigate this issue.
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Ebken, John, Mike Bruch, and Jason Lum. Applying Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technologies To Unmanned Surface Vehicles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434099.

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Schexnayder, S. M. Environmental Evaluation of New Generation Vehicles and Vehicle Components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814410.

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Iyer, Rakesh, Jarod Kelly, and Amgad Elgowainy. Vehicle-Cycle Inventory for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1831152.

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