Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vegetation roofs (green roofs)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Vegetation roofs (green roofs)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Vegetation roofs (green roofs)"

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Du, Jin Sheng, Pui Lam Ng, Jia Jian Chen, and Wilson Wai Sin Fung. "Enhancing the Built Environment by Green Roofs." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.267.

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Green roof systems are living vegetation integrated on top of roofs. They could enhance the built environment in a number of ways. Herein, different types of green roof and their structural arrangement and materials design are introduced. Various benefits offered by green roof to the urban habitat are discussed. Finally, examples of applications of green roofs are presented.
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Heim, Amy, and Jeremy Lundholm. "Cladonia lichens on extensive green roofs: evapotranspiration, substrate temperature, and albedo." F1000Research 2 (December 16, 2013): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-274.v1.

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Green roofs are constructed ecosystems that provide ecosystem services in urban environments. Shallow substrate green roofs subject the vegetation layer to desiccation and other environmental extremes, so researchers have evaluated a variety of stress-tolerant vegetation types for green roof applications. Lichens can be found in most terrestrial habitats. They are able to survive extremely harsh conditions, including frequent cycles of desiccation and rehydration, nutrient-poor soil, fluctuating temperatures, and high UV intensities. Extensive green roofs (substrate depth <20cm) exhibit these harsh conditions, making lichens possible candidates for incorporation into the vegetation layer on extensive green roofs. In a modular green roof system, we tested the effect ofCladonialichens on substrate temperature, water loss, and albedo compared to a substrate-only control. Overall, theCladoniamodules had significantly cooler substrate temperatures during the summer and significantly warmer temperatures during the fall. Additionally, theCladoniamodules lost significantly less water than the substrate-only control. This implies that they may be able to benefit neighboring vascular plant species by reducing water loss and maintaining favorable substrate temperatures.
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Heim, Amy, and Jeremy Lundholm. "Cladonia lichens on extensive green roofs: evapotranspiration, substrate temperature, and albedo." F1000Research 2 (January 23, 2014): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-274.v2.

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Green roofs are constructed ecosystems that provide ecosystem services in urban environments. Shallow substrate green roofs subject the vegetation layer to desiccation and other environmental extremes, so researchers have evaluated a variety of stress-tolerant vegetation types for green roof applications. Lichens can be found in most terrestrial habitats. They are able to survive extremely harsh conditions, including frequent cycles of desiccation and rehydration, nutrient-poor soil, fluctuating temperatures, and high UV intensities. Extensive green roofs (substrate depth <20cm) exhibit these harsh conditions, making lichens possible candidates for incorporation into the vegetation layer on extensive green roofs. In a modular green roof system, we tested the effect ofCladonialichens on substrate temperature, water loss, and albedo compared to a substrate-only control. Overall, theCladoniamodules had significantly cooler substrate temperatures during the summer and significantly warmer temperatures during the fall. Additionally, theCladoniamodules lost significantly less water than the substrate-only control. This implies that they may be able to benefit neighboring vascular plant species by reducing water loss and maintaining favorable substrate temperatures.
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Wiecko, Greg. "Green Roofs in the Tropics Conserve Energy." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 10, no. 1 (February 24, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282301610010001.

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Background: Concrete buildings on Guam are exceptionally strong but also accumulate large amounts of heat. In the tropical environment of Guam, where 24 h average temperature ranges from 28 to 29°C year round, air conditioning is used every day and continuously. Concrete roofs are often painted light colors, which make them more reflective and accumulate less heat. They are also suitable for establishment of vegetation, which results in a large decrease in roof temperature and therefore decreases the need for cooling. Objective: The objective was to determine the magnitude of temperature reductions resulting from light color and from vegetation covering roof tops and to use this information to estimate energy savings. Method: Temperature was measured on the undersides of concrete model roofs in both sunny and rainy weather. Results: The temperatures on the undersides of light-colored concrete model roofs rose up to 3°C less in the course of the day than did those of dark-colored ones. The temperatures of "green" (vegetation-covered) model roofs rose up to 12°C less than did those of either of the bare concrete models. Conclusion: The differences were so large that use of green roofs on the tropical island of Guam, where most buildings are concrete and air-conditioning is needed year round, could cut a typical household's electric consumption in half.
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Zhang, Ning, Yan Chen, Ling Luo, and Yongwei Wang. "Effectiveness of Different Urban Heat Island Mitigation Methods and Their Regional Impacts." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 2991–3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0049.1.

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Abstract Cool roofs and green roofs are two popular methods to mitigate the urban heat island and improve urban climates. The effectiveness of different urban heat island mitigation strategies in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River delta, China, is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model coupled with a physically based single-layer urban canopy model. The modifications to the roof surface changed the urban surface radiation balance and then modified the local surface energy budget. Both cool roofs and green roofs led to a lower surface skin temperature and near-surface air temperature. Increasing the roof albedo to 0.5 caused a similar effectiveness as covering 25% of urban roofs with vegetation; increasing the roof albedo to 0.7 caused a similar near-surface air temperature decrease as 50% green roof coverage. The near-surface relative humidity increased in both cool roof and green roof experiments because of the combination of the impacts of increases in specific humidity and decreases in air temperature. The regional impacts of cool roofs and green roofs were evaluated using a regional effect index. A regional impact was found for near-surface air temperature and specific/relative humidity when the percentage of roofs covered with high-albedo materials or green roofs reached a higher fraction (greater than 50%). The changes in the vertical profiles of temperature cause a more stable atmospheric boundary layer over the urban area; at the same time, the crossover phenomena occurred above the boundary layer due to the decrease in vertical wind speed.
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Salman, Ibrahim, and Leon Blaustein. "Vegetation Cover Drives Arthropod Communities in Mediterranean/Subtropical Green Roof Habitats." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 4209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114209.

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Worldwide, urban areas are expanding both in size and number, which results in a decline in habitats suitable for urban flora and fauna. The construction of urban green features, such as green roofs, may provide suitable habitat patches for many species in urban areas. On green roofs, two approaches have been used to select plants—i.e., matching similar habitat to green roofs (habitat template approach) or identifying plants with suitable traits (plant trait approach). While both approaches may result in suitable habitats for arthropods, how arthropods respond to different combinations of plants is an open question. The aim of this study was to investigate how the structural complexity of different plant forms can affect the abundance and richness of arthropods on green roofs. The experimental design crossed the presence and absence of annuals with three Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau (common name: stonecrops) treatments—i.e., uniformly disrupted Sedum, clumped disrupted Sedum, and no Sedum. We hypothesized that an increased structural diversity due to the coexistence of different life forms of plants on roofs is positively related to the abundance and richness of arthropods. We found that arthropod abundance and richness were positively associated with the percent of vegetation cover and negatively associated with substrate temperature. Neither arthropod abundance nor richness was influenced by the relative moisture of substrate. We also found that arthropod abundance and richness varied by green roof setups (treatments) and by seasonality. Arthropod abundance on green roofs was the highest in treatments with annuals only, while species richness was slightly similar between treatments containing annuals but varied between sampling periods. This study suggests that adding annuals to traditional Sedum roofs has positive effects on arthropods. This finding can support the development of biodiverse cities because most extensive green roofs are inaccessible to the public and can provide undisturbed habitat for several plant and arthropod species.
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Rocha, Bernardo, Teresa A. Paço, Ana Catarina Luz, Paulo Palha, Sarah Milliken, Benzion Kotzen, Cristina Branquinho, Pedro Pinho, and Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho. "Are Biocrusts and Xerophytic Vegetation a Viable Green Roof Typology in a Mediterranean Climate? A Comparison between Differently Vegetated Green Roofs in Water Runoff and Water Quality." Water 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010094.

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Green roofs can be an innovative and effective way of mitigating the environmental impact of urbanization by providing several important ecosystem services. However, it is known that the performance of green roofs varies depending on the type of vegetation and, in drier climates, without resorting to irrigation, these are limited to xerophytic plant species and biocrusts. The aim of this research was therefore to compare differently vegetated green roofs planted with this type of vegetation. A particular focus was their ability to hold water during intense stormwater events and also the quality of the harvested rainwater. Six test beds with different vegetation compositions were used on the roof of a building in Lisbon. Regarding stormwater retention, the results varied depending on the composition of the vegetation and the season. As for water quality, almost all the parameters tested were higher than the Drinking Water Directive from the European Union (EU) and Word Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking-water quality standards for potable water. Based on our results, biocrusts and xerophytic vegetation are a viable green roof typology for slowing runoff during stormwater events.
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Schindler, Bracha Y., Amiel Vasl, Leon Blaustein, David Gurevich, Gyongyver J. Kadas, and Merav Seifan. "Fine-scale substrate heterogeneity does not affect arthropod communities on green roofs." PeerJ 7 (March 19, 2019): e6445. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6445.

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Green roofs, which are roofs with growing substrate and vegetation, can provide habitat for arthropods in cities. Maintaining a diversity of arthropods in an urban environment can enhance the functions they fill, such as pest control and soil development. Theory suggests that the creation of a heterogeneous environment on green roofs would enhance arthropod diversity. Several studies have examined how arthropod diversity can be enhanced on green roofs, and particularly whether substrate properties affect the arthropod community, but a gap remains in identifying the effect of substrate heterogeneity within a green roof on the arthropod community. In this paper, it is hypothesized that creating heterogeneity in the substrate would directly affect the diversity and abundance of some arthropod taxa, and indirectly increase arthropod diversity through increased plant diversity. These hypotheses were tested using green roof plots in four treatments of substrate heterogeneity: (1) homogeneous dispersion; (2) mineral heterogeneity—with increased tuff concentration in subplots; (3) organic heterogeneity—with decreased compost concentrations in subplots; (4) both mineral and organic heterogeneity. Each of the four treatments was replicated twice on each of three roofs (six replicates per treatment) in a Mediterranean region. There was no effect of substrate heterogeneity on arthropod diversity, abundance, or community composition, but there were differences in arthropod communities among roofs. This suggests that the location of a green roof, which can differ in local climatic conditions, can have a strong effect on the composition of the arthropod community. Thus, arthropod diversity may be promoted by building green roofs in a variety of locations throughout a city, even if the roof construction is similar on all roofs.
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de Munck, C. S., A. Lemonsu, R. Bouzouidja, V. Masson, and R. Claverie. "The GREENROOF module (v7.3) for modelling green roof hydrological and energetic performances within TEB." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 1 (February 20, 2013): 1127–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-1127-2013.

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Abstract. The need to prepare cities for climate change adaptation requests the urban modeller community to implement within their models sustainable adaptation strategies to be tested against specific city morphologies and scenarios. Greening city roofs is part of these strategies. In this context, a GREENROOF module for TEB (Town Energy Balance) has been developed to model the interactions between buildings and green roof systems at the scale of the city. This module allows one to describe an extensive green roof composed of four functional layers (vegetation – grasses or sedums, substrate, retention/drainage layers and artificial roof layers) and to model vegetation-atmosphere fluxes of heat, water and momentum, as well as the hydrological and thermal fluxes throughout the substrate and the drainage layers, and the thermal coupling with the structural building envelope. TEB-GREENROOF (v7.3) is therefore able to represent the impact of climate forcings on the functioning of the green roof vegetation and, conversely, the influence of the green roof on the local climate. A calibration exercise to adjust the model to the peculiar hydrological characteristics of the substrates and drainage layers commonly found on green roofs is performed for a case study located in Nancy (France) which consists of an extensive green roof with sedums. Model results for the optimum hydrological calibration show a good dynamics for the substrate water content which is nevertheless under-estimated but without impacting too much the green roof temperatures since they present a good agreement with observations. These results are encouraging with regard to modelling the impact of green roofs on thermal indoor comfort and energy consumption at the scale of cities, for which GREENROOF will be running with the building energy version of TEB, TEB-BEM. Moreover, the green roof studied for GREENROOF evaluation being a city-widespread type of extensive green roof, the hydrological characteristics derived through the evaluation exercise will be used as the standard configuration to model extensive green roofs at the scale of cities.
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Sysoeva, Elena, and Margarita Gelmanova. "Analysis of roof greening technology impact on rain and meltwater retention." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 11023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017511023.

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Over the past 20 years, a large number of studies have been published on reducing storm runoff by various types of green roofs. This article analyzes the results of experimental studies presented in 39 publications on green roof runoff reduction in a climate similar to the climate of Russia: in Canada, the USA, Finland, Norway, France. An analytical review found that the ability of green roofs to retain rainfall varies from 20 to 99.5% depending on climatic conditions (duration and intensity of rains, duration of dry periods, solar radiation, temperature and humidity, wind conditions), the properties of green roof layers (moisture capacity of the substrate and a drainage layer, the substrate thickness), the type of vegetation, the geometry of a green roof (slope and orientation). Green roofs can be a useful tool for reducing urban storm water runoff. However, in order to ensure high efficiency, it is necessary to use green roof technology with other measures to reduce runoff.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vegetation roofs (green roofs)"

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Thuring, Christine. "Ecological dynamics on old extensive green roofs : vegetation and substrates > twenty years since installation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11788/.

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El, Bachawati Makram. "Study of environmental and energy performance of vegetative roofs and assessment of their impacts in terms of rainwater management." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS007/document.

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Les toitures végétalisées (TTV) existent en deux types : extensive (EGR) et intensive (IGR). Ils diffèrent principalement par le type de végétation et la profondeur du substrat. Ces travaux de recherche visent à atteindre les objectifs suivants : 1. Déterminer et comparer les impacts environnementaux d’un toit de gravier ballasté traditionnel (TGBR), d’une toiture réfléchissante (WRR), EGR, et IGR ; 2. Quantifier la performance énergétique d’un TGBR et d’une EGR ; 3. Évaluer le potentiel de gestion d’eau et la dynamique de ruissellement d’un TGBR et d’une EGR. Le 1er objectif a été atteint suite à une Analyse comparative de Cycle de Vie (ACV) d’une EGR réelle de 834 m2 et de trois toits fictifs : TGBR, WRR, et IGR. Les résultats indiquent qu’une EGR présente les impacts environnementaux les plus bas pour les 15 catégories d'impacts considérées. Les aspects thermiques et hydriques des TTV ont été testés suite à l’installation d'une maquette TGBR et de deux maquettes EGR sur le toit du département de génie chimique à l'Université de Balamand, Liban. EGR8 et EGR16 sont des maquettes EGR qui diffèrent par la pente ainsi que la profondeur et la composition du substrat. Les profils de température indiquent la réduction des fluctuations de température, l'effet de stockage de chaleur, et l'effet de refroidissement passif. L'étude économique montre que EGR pourrait économiser jusqu'à 45USD/200m2/mois par rapport à TGBR. D’autre part, les profils de la teneur en eau ont démontré que la composition du sol d’EGR8 est plus efficace que celle d’EGR16. En revanche, EGR agit comme un système filtrant surtout pour le cadmium, le fer, le calcium et l'ammonium
Vegetative roofs (VRs) can be classified into two types : Extensive (EGR) and Intensive (IGR). The main differences between the two are the type of vegetation, the depth of the substrate. This research aims to achieve the following objectives : 1. Determine and compare the potential environmental impacts of traditional gravel ballasted roofs (TGBRs), white reflective roofs (WRRs), EGRs, and IGRs ; 2. Evaluate and compare the energy performance and the heating/cooling demand of TGBRs and EGRs ; 3. Determine and compare the water management potential and the runoff dynamics of TGBRs and EGRs. The first objective was covered by performing a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on a real EGR of 834m2 and on three fictitious roofs of the sane area : of TGBRs, WRRs, and IGRs. Results indicated that the EGR had the least potential environmental impacts for the 15 impact categories considered. The second and third objectives were achieved by first installing one TGBR mockup and two EGR mockups on the rooftop of the Chemical Engineering Department at the University of Balamand, Lebanon. EGR8 and EGR16 are EGR mockups differed in the roof slope, the depth and the composition of their substrate. Temperature profiles at different substrate depths clearly indicated the reduction of the temperature fluctuations under the substrate layer, the heat storage effect, and the passive cooling effect. The economic study showed that EGR could save up to 45USD/200m2/month compared to TGBR. The water management performance of EGRs illustrated that the soil composition of EGR8 was more efficient than that of EGR16. In contrast, EGR acted as a sink especially for cadmium, iron, calcium, and ammonium
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Kasmin, Hartini. "Hydrological performance of green roofs." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10354/.

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Due to an increase in impermeable hard surfaces, urbanization has led to the deterioration of urban watercourses and increased the quantity of stormwater runoff. It may be argued that the current norm of impermeable roofs represents a wasted opportunity. Green roofs have the potential to replace some of the hydrological characteristics of natural catchments that are normally lost as a consequence of urbanization and the removal of vegetation. The overall aim of this study was to develop a generic green roof rainfall runoff response model capable of predicting the temporal variations within any configuration of green roof in response to an arbitrary rainfall input. It was recognized that the preliminary investigations has led to the identification of a subset of processes/parameters for a green roof which warranted more detailed investigation. In this case the substrate moisture holding capacity and the losses due to evapotranspiration were identified as key controlling variables to be identified. To simulate the function of stormwater drainage, a direct observation of the system's behaviour is required. Hence, an established 'typical' small scale green roof (1.0 in x 3.0 m) on the roof of Sheffield University has been monitored with the intention to relate both retention and detention with fundamental, measurable, physical properties of the system. A continuous long time-series of data, in the period of 29 months, from the test rig was analysed and interpreted. Laboratory analyses on physical properties and evaporation of the substrates were undertaken and relationships between measureable physical properties and model parameter values were identified. The empirical (requiring site-specific calibration using monitored data) conceptual model now has been developed into a physically-based model. Although the model still needs to be refined, independent physically-based methods have been identified for defining two key parameters (evapotranspiration (ET) and the maximum moisture-holding capacity (WC,,, a,, )). ET can be estimated using a modified form of Thornthwaite's equation, and WC.., may be determined by physical laboratory assessment of the substrate. The proposed hydrological model has been shown to reproduce monitored data, both during a storm event, and over a longer continuous simulation period.
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Peterson, Nicole L. Srebric Jelena. "On-site performance of extensive green roofs." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://honors.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/EHT-23/index.html.

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Rumble, Heather. "Quantifying the soil community on green roofs." Thesis, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603503.

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With the majority of people living in cities, innovative solutions for greening the urban environment are necessary to provide ecosystem services such as urban cooling and remediating habitat loss. Green roofs are one potential solution within green infrastructure. Few studies have investigated whether green roofs are a good urban habitat, particularly for soil organisms. The soil food web is vital to above-ground ecosystem processes as it regulates nutrients and can alleviate drought stress, so could be an important but overlooked factor in green roof design. This is the first multi-season study to examine green roof soil organisms in detail, whilst tracking abiotic factors and plant cover. The first part of this thesis characterises the microarthropod and microbial community present on two green roofs in Greater london. It was found that the mite population was dominated by a xerophilic family (Scutoverticidae) and that collembola suffered population crashes in summer. Soil bacteria and fungi were low in abundance, but were more prevalent in dry weather. In general the soil community was impoverished and influenced by drought. The second part of this thesis explores the, use of microbial inoculants to improve the soil community. Bacteria, mycorrhiza and Trichoderma were added to a new and mature roof. On the mature roof, plant growth was not affected by treatments, but collembola populations were higher when Trichoderma were added. On the new roof, inoculants negatively affected plant growth and mite populations, but benefitted collembola. Soi l organisms on the new roof colonised independently and from the Sedum plugs. One species of rarely recorded collembola (Sminthurinu5 trinotatus) colonised early after construction. Planting with Sedum was found to improve the soil community compared to leaving the substrate bare. The results presented here highlight that C.ll rrent green roof designs do not support a functional soil community but that microbial inoculants have the potential to improve them.
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Nagase, Ayako. "Plant selection for green roofs in the UK." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10325/.

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The use of green roofs is increasing in many countries because of their benefits to the urban environment. However, only a few plant selection studies for green roofs have been carried out and little information on plant performance on roof environments is available in the UK climate. As a result, only a limited range of plants such as Sedum spp. are commonly used for green roofs, especially for shallow substrate green roofs. Therefore, this thesis investigates plant selection for extensive green roofs in the UK. The work in this thesis focused on the following objectives. (1) To identify groups of plants that have potential for use on green roofs, with regard to tolerance of rooftop conditions, (2) To investigate establishment methods for diverse, attractive, flowering green roof vegetation, with attention to seedling techniques, (3) To test survival and performance of a selected range of species and cultivars from the previously identified groups (annuals and geophytes) at different substrate depths, irrigation regimes and covering plants treatments, (4) To compare green roof performance (water management and drought tolerance) between different vegetation types and drought tolerance with different percentages of organic matter in the growing substrate, (5) To investigate the performance of plants as well as their aesthetic appeal, seasonal interest over time and what is required for maintenance (weed Invasion and self-seeding). The direct sowing of perennial and grass mixtures, the use of annual plant seed mixtures and the use of geophytes could be useful techniques for the quick establishment, long flowering, their beautiful colour of flowers, cost effectiveness and providing food resources for biodiversity in an extensive green roof. Germination testing revealed that many perennial and grasses which have potential for use in extensive green roofs did not require chilling for germination and had high germination rates in spring. The results suggested that spring might be the best season for direct sowing on the roofs for quick establishment. In annual plant meadows, it was shown that a low sowing density could be better than high density to reduce competition, resulting in good individual plant growth when there was sufficient watering. However, a high sowing density was recommended for the dry conditions. For geophytes, growth, survival rate, regeneration and flowering were more successful in a deeper substrate rather than a shallow substrate. The vegetation cover by Sedum seemed to work as a protection layer and the overall emergence was encouraged with Sedum, especially in the shallow substrate. In the study of amount of water runoff from different vegetation types, it was shown that grass species may be the most effective for reduction of water runoff followed by forbs and sedums. The size and structure of plants significantly influenced the amount of water runoff, however, species richness did not affect the amount of water runoff significantly. In the study of the drought tolerance of different vegetation types, the forbs and grasses groups used in this study reached permanent wilting point after two to three weeks of no watering and they were required to be watered once a week to maintain their visually attractive forms. Sedum spp. were able to survive well and maintain good visual quality even after three weeks of no watering. There was a tendency that overall survival increased as species richness increased. The diversity in vegetation reduced the vigor potential dominant species. In the investigation of the relationship between percentage of organic matter of substrate and plant growth, it was concluded that about 10% (about 14% in total) of organic matter was the best because the plants showed stable growth regardless of the watering regime. In wet conditions, increased organic matter resulted in increased growth, whereas in the dry conditions, increased organic matter did not result in increased growth. In the investigation of plant growth and performance on an existing semi-extensive green roof it was shown that it is possible to create low-input green roofs which have long flowering and seasonal interest with a little maintenance and supplemental irrigation if appropriate plants were chosen. Plant species diversity might affect overall flowering succession and dynamic change and planting density might affect interaction between plants. In areas of high plant species diversity, there were more possibilities to have a longer flowering term, more seasonal interest and dynamic change than low plant species diversity. In areas of low planting density, individual plants generally produced the better growth than those in high planting density. Moreover, plant growth had more interaction between species in the higher planting density. The tendency was observed that the plants had better growth in the NE and the SE. Also, longer flower duration was shown in the NW whereas many species started flower from the SE. The combination of low plant species diversity and high planting density appeared to reduce weeds effectively. Using a gravel mulch in the shallow substrate could reduce the number of weeds significantly.
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molineux, Chloe J. "Development of suitable growing media for effective green roofs." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531329.

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Feng, Haibo. "Lifecycle based energy assessment of green roofs and walls." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45120.

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The building and construction industry accounts for 30-40% of natural resource and energy consumption on earth, and it also contributes to 30% of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is a major cause of environmental pollution. The environmental impact of buildings could be considerably reduced through sustainable building practices. Covering a building envelope with green vegetation, such as a green roof and living walls, is one of these sustainable construction practices. This study conducted a lifecycle assessment to evaluate the sustainability of living walls in air cleaning and energy savings. Furthermore, the energy saving performance of green vegetation in different parameters was analyzed in normal commercial buildings and green buildings. As the first step, a comparative lifecycle assessment of three living wall systems was conducted. Chemical emissions and energy requirements of the living wall materials were evaluated in the full lifecycle, and compared with the chemical absorption and energy savings of operational living walls. The results demonstrated that the felt layer system is not environmentally sustainable in air cleaning and energy saving compared to the indirect greening system and modular panel system. In the next step, a building energy simulation was executed to assess the energy saving performance of green vegetation in commercial buildings. Parameters such as greening scenario, building type, building vintage, weather condition, and building orientation were considered in the simulation. The energy simulation results demonstrated that all these parameters have a significant influence on the energy saving performance of green vegetation. Furthermore, the energy saving performance of green vegetation was analyzed in a LEED certified green building. The simulation model was validated with the actual operational energy consumption. The simulation model was used to analyze the energy saving performance of green vegetation under different scenarios. The results showed that the green vegetation could significantly reduce the negative heat transfer through the building façade in a summer and winter typical week. Moreover, the green vegetation not only delayed the start time of heat gain but also extended the period of heat loss in the summer. Based on the above analysis, a green vegetation application guideline was developed to ensure the installation of green vegetation could achieve the best energy saving benefits with the least environmental impact.
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Speak, Andrew Francis. "Quantification of the environmental impacts of urban green roofs." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/quantification-of-the-environmental-impacts-of-urban-green-roofs(6dc863d5-53bd-462b-b37f-37faa9ae3db0).html.

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Urban populations worldwide are expanding rapidly and consequently a large number of people are becoming exposed to hazards inherent in cites. Phenomena such as the urban heat island can exacerbate the effects of heatwaves, and land surface sealing can lead to flash flooding. Cities are also the sites of enhanced air and water pollution from non-point sources such as concentrated motor vehicle use. Climate change predictions for the UK include increased winter precipitation and an increase in frequency of summer heatwaves. This will put further pressure on urban residents and infrastructure. Roof greening can be used within climate change adaptation schemes because green roofs have a range of environmental benefits which can help urban infrastructure become more sustainable. This thesis empirically quantifies several of these benefits, and the processes influencing them, by monitoring real green roofs in Manchester. A number of novel discoveries were made. Green roofs act as passive filters of airborne particulate matter. 0.21 tonnes of PM10 (2.3% of the inputs) could be removed from Manchester city centre in a maximum extensive green roof scenario. Species and site differences in particle capture were exhibited and related to morphology and proximity to sources respectively. An intensive green roof was able to lower the monthly median overlying air temperature at 300 mm by up to 1.06 oC. A combination of drought and mismanagement caused damage to the vegetation on one of the green roofs, with a subsequent reduction in the cooling effect. Daytime air temperatures were higher than over an adjacent bare roof for a larger proportion of the day than over the undamaged roof, and lower cooling was observed at night. A site-specific methodology was devised to monitor the rainwater runoff from an intensive green roof and an adjacent bare roof. Average runoff retention of 65.7% was observed on the green roof, compared to 33.6% on the bare roof. Season and rainfall amount had significant impacts on retention, however, many other explanatory variables such as Antecedent Dry Weather Period (ADWP) and peak rainfall intensity had no demonstrable, significant impact. Intensive roof construction on 10% of the rooftops in Manchester city centre would increase annual rainfall retention by 2.3%. The runoff was characterised with regards to heavy metals and nutrients. Nutrient levels were found to be not a significant problem for water quality, however, Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) values for protection of freshwater were exceeded for concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn. High metal concentrations within the sediments may be acting as sources of pollution, particularly in the case of Pb. The age of the green roof means that past atmospheric deposition of Pb could be contributing to the runoff quality. The multi-benefit aspect of green roofs is discussed in the light of the results of this thesis and recommendations made for policy makers and the green roof construction industry.
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Schuchman, Rachel. "Storm Water Retention of Native and Sedum Green Roofs." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111534.

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Green roofs are an established best management practice (BMP) for storm water mitigation because of their ability to retain precipitation runoff. The purpose of this study was to quantify storm water retention of Sedum and native plant green roof systems at three substrate depths (10, 15, 20 cm). Survival of plants on green roof systems is dependent on how quickly they can establish themselves. This study also determined native and Sedum plant roof surface coverage at three green roof growth media depths (10, 15, 20 cm). A mixture of six Sedum species (S. spurium, S. sexangulare, S. album, S. Immergrunchen, S. kamtschaticum, and S. reflexum) and four native species (Sporolus cryplandrus, Boutelous curtipendula, B. gracilis , and Penstamen pallidus) were planted into the built-in-place systems (BIPs) on June 20, 2014.

There were 137 precipitation events totaling to 158.2 cm during the entire (June 20, 2014-June 30, 2015) study period and there were 87 precipitation events with a total precipitation of 108.1 cm during storm water collection (Oct. 31, 2015 until June 30, 2015). During the study period, mean storm water retention of green roof systems planted with native (>58%) and Sedum (>53%) species were identical regardless of growth media depth. Mean storm water retention in green roof systems planted with native and Sedum species in all growth media depths were greater than mean storm water retention of non-vegetated roof models (32%).

Green roof plant surface coverage plays an important role in water retention of storm water runoff. During the dormant period (January 23, 2015), roof coverage by Sedum plants was greater than roof coverage by native plants. In addition, green roof surface coverage by Sedum plants was the same regardless of depth (>89%). Green roof surface coverage of native plants in 10 cm depth achieved less coverage than native plants in 15 and 20 cm depths. These results differ from the plant-growing season (June 30, 2015). Green roof surface coverage by native plants in green roof systems with 15 and 20 cm growth media depth were identical to the roof coverage by Sedum plants in green roof systems with 10, 15, or 20 growth media depth. Green roof surface coverage by native plants in green roof systems with 10 cm growth media depth was less than the roof coverage in all green roof systems in this study.

Analysis of covariance was used to determine if green roof surface coverage by native and Sedum plants affected mean storm water retention. During the study period green roof surface coverage by native and Sedum plants did not affect storm water retention regardless of growth media depth.

This green roof research demonstrates that green roof systems planted with native plant species are effective tools for retaining storm water in the mid-western region of the United States. After 9 months, there was no difference in storm water retention between native and Sedum species planted in 10, 15, and 20 cm growth media depth. Each green roof module retained more storm water than the traditional, non-vegetated roof model. Both native and Sedum species planted on green roofs in 10, 15, and 20 cm media depth achieved more than 69 percent green roof surface coverage after nine months.

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Books on the topic "Vegetation roofs (green roofs)"

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Dvorak, Bruce, ed. Ecoregional Green Roofs. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58395-8.

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Award-winning green roofs: Green roofs for healthy cities. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., 2008.

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Grant, Gary. Green roofs and façades. Bracknell: IHS BRE Press, 2006.

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Cantor, Steven L. Green roofs in landscape design. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2008.

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Christine, Goodwin, ed. Living architecture: Green roofs and walls. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Pub., 2011.

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Lee, Benjamin Lisa, and Pantiel Mindy, eds. The professional design guide to green roofs. Portland, Or: Timber Press, 2013.

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Poórová, Zuzana, and Zuzana Vranayová. Green Roofs and Water Retention in Košice, Slovakia. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24039-4.

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Lassalle, François. Végétalisation extensive des terrasses et toitures: Conception et mise en oeuvre, aspects réglementaires, données économiques, exigences et solutions. Paris: Moniteur, 2006.

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Small green roofs: Low-tech options for greener living. Portland, Or: Timber Press, 2011.

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Tan, Puay Yok. A selection of plants for green roofs in Singapore. Edited by National Parks Board (Singapore). 2nd ed. Singapore: National Parks Board, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vegetation roofs (green roofs)"

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Thuring, Christine, and Nigel Dunnett. "Nature as Model: Evaluating the Mature Vegetation of Early Extensive Green Roofs." In Future City, 183–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75929-2_10.

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Almusaed, Amjad. "Green Roofs." In Biophilic and Bioclimatic Architecture, 187–204. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-534-7_15.

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Friedman, Avi. "Green Roofs." In Fundamentals of Sustainable Dwellings, 183–97. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-211-2_11.

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Vernon, Siobhan, Susan Irwine, Joanna Patton, and Neil Chapman. "Green roofs." In Landscape Architect's Pocket Book, 185–91. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003119500-37.

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Rowe, D. Bradley, and Kristin L. Getter. "Green Roofs and Garden Roofs." In Agronomy Monographs, 391–412. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr55.c19.

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Wilkinson, Sara, and Fraser Torpy. "Living Green Roofs." In Urban Pollution, 131–45. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119260493.ch10.

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Dunnett, Nigel. "Ruderal Green Roofs." In Ecological Studies, 233–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14983-7_10.

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Dvorak, Bruce, and Tom Woodfin. "Green Roofs in Intermontane Semi-Arid Grassland Ecoregions." In Ecoregional Green Roofs, 257–313. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58395-8_6.

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Dvorak, Bruce, and Lee R. Skabelund. "Green Roofs in Tallgrass Prairie Ecoregions." In Ecoregional Green Roofs, 83–142. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58395-8_3.

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Dvorak, Bruce, and Daniel Roehr. "Green Roofs in Fraser Lowland and Vancouver Island Ecoregions." In Ecoregional Green Roofs, 507–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58395-8_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vegetation roofs (green roofs)"

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Tafazzoli, Mohammadsoroush. "Investigating the Impacts of Green Roofs’ Vegetation Properties on Their Function in Controlling Urban Runoffs." In International Low Impact Development Conference 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481783.021.

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Balaj, Nexhat. "SEDUM VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS ON EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOFS IN KOSOVO URBAN AREAS:INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PLANTING DISTANCES AND GROWING SUBSTRATE." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/62/s27.093.

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Gibler, M. R. "Comprehensive Benefits of Green Roofs." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479162.221.

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Poorova, Zuzana, and Zuzana Vranayova. "Hydrological Performance of Green Roofs." In Advanced HVAC and Natural Gas Technologies. Riga: Riga Technical University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/rehvaconf.2015.034.

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Tase, Mirela, and Manjola Xhaferri. "Hydrological Performance of Green Roofs." In Advanced HVAC and Natural Gas Technologies. Riga: Riga Technical University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/rehvaconf.2015.035.

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Poorova, Zuzana, and Zuzana Vranayova. "CHANGING OF VEGETATION ON GREEN ROOF." In International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2016.0042.

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Nomura, Masashi. "Insect fauna on different types of green roofs in Japan: Biotope, herb and meadow green roofs." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114492.

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Zekaj, Eduina, and Franceska Delia. "The concept of “Green Roofs” in Tirana." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2016.63.

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She, Nian, and Jian Liu. "Using Preferential Flow to Model Green Roofs." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412947.036.

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Hoskins, B. L., and J. Homer. "Effects of Green Roofs on Fire Safety." In AEI 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479070.045.

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Reports on the topic "Vegetation roofs (green roofs)"

1

Castillo Garcia, Giorgina. Effects of Evaporative Cooling in the Thermal Performance of Green Roofs. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.181.

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Miziolek, Konrad. Green Roofs Support a Wide Diversity of Collembola in Urban Portland, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.207.

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Gonsalves, Sydney. Green Roofs and Urban Biodiversity: Their Role as Invertebrate Habitat and the Effect of Design on Beetle Community. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2998.

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Gardner, Maggie. Comparison of Body Size and Wing Type in Beetles Found on Green Roofs and Adjacent Ground Sites in Portland, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.332.

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