Dissertations / Theses: 'Vegetation and crops'

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Mirsky, Steven B. "Evaluating constraints and opportunities in managing weed populations with cover crops." Restricted access (UM), 2008. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.

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These (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2008.
Title from PDF title page. Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-171). Also issued in print.

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Федорченко, Б. Л. "Досвід створення лісових культур Сосни звичайної в ДП Чернігівське лісове господарство." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20258.

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Федорченко, Б. Л. Досвід створення лісових культур Сосни звичайної в ДП Чернігівське лісове господарство / Б. Л. Федорченко; керівник роботи Чмель O. П.; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра аграрних технологій та лісового господарства. – Чернігів, 2020. – 71 с.
Випускна кваліфікаційна робота присвячена проблемі вирощування лісових культур як засобу лісовідновлення у різних лісорослинних умовах та впливу деревних та чагарникових порід на них. Створення лісових культур потребує врахування відповідності деревної породи типу лісорослинних умов, агротехнічних методів та інших факторів, які впливають на приживлюваність та ріст молодих культур лісових порід.
Graduation qualification work is devoted to the problem of growing forest crops as a means of reforestation in different forest conditions and the impact of trees and shrubs on them. The creation of forest crops requires taking into account the compliance of the tree species with the type of forest vegetation conditions, agronomic methods and other factors that affect theтsurvival and growth of young forest crops.

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Федорченко, Б. Л. "Проект створення культур Сосни звичайної в ДП «Чернігівське лісове господарство»." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/25120.

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Федорченко, Б. Л. Проект створення культур Сосни звичайної в ДП «Чернігівське лісове господарство» : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 205 «Лісoве гoспoдарствo» / Б. Л. Федорченко ; керівник роботи М. М. Селінний ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра аграрних технологій та лісового господарства. – Чернігів, 2021. – 61 с.
Випускна кваліфікаційна робота «Проект створення культур Сосни звичайної в ДП Чернігівське лісове господарство» присвячена проблемі створення лісових культур як засобу лісовідновлення у різних лісорослинних умовах та впливу деревних та чагарникових порід на них. Створення лісових культур потребує врахування відповідності деревної породи типу лісорослинних умов, агротехнічних методів та інших факторів, які впливають на приживлюваність та ріст молодих культур лісових порід.
Graduation qualification work "The project of creating crops of Scots Pine in the State Enterprise "Chernihiv Forestry" is devoted to the problem of growing forest crops as a means of reforestation in different forest conditions and the impact of trees and shrubs on them. The creation of forest crops requires taking into account the compliance of the tree species with the type of forest vegetation conditions, agronomic methods and other factors that affect the survival and growth of young forest crops.

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Adler, Anneli. "Accumulation of elements in Salix and other species used in vegetation filters with focus on wood fuel quality /." Uppsala : Dept. of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200706.pdf.

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El, Vilaly Mohamed Abd salam Mohamdy. "Drought Monitoring with Remote Sensing Based Land Surface Phenology Applications and Validation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301553.

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Droughts are a recurrent part of our climate, and are still considered to be one of the most complex and least understood of all natural hazards in terms of their impact on the environment. In recent years drought has become more common and more severe across the world. For more than a decade, the US southwest has faced extensive and persistent drought conditions that have impacted vegetation communities and local water resources. The focus of this work is achieving a better understanding of the impact of drought on the lands of the Hopi Tribe and Navajo Nation, situated in the Northeastern corner of Arizona. This research explores the application of remote sensing data and geospatial tools in two studies to monitor drought impacts on vegetation productivity. In both studies we used land surface phenometrics as the data tool. In a third related study, I have compared satellite-derived land surface phenology (LSP) to field observations of crop stages at the Maricopa Agricultural Center to achieve a better understanding of the temporal sensitivity of satellite derived phenology of vegetation and understand their accuracy as a tool for monitoring change. The first study explores long-term vegetation productivity responses to drought. The paper develops a framework for drought monitoring and assessment by integrating land cover, climate, and topographical data with LSP. The objective of the framework is to detect long-term vegetation changes and trends in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) related productivity. The second study examines the major driving forces of vegetation dynamics in order to provide valuable spatial information related to inter-annual variability in vegetation productivity for mitigating drought impacts. The third study tests the accuracy of remote sensing-derived LSP by comparing them to the actual seasonal phases of crop growth. This provides a way to compare and validate the various LSP algorithms, and more crucially, helps to characterize the remote sensing-based metrics that contrast with the actual biological phenophases of the crops. These studies demonstrate how remote sensing data and simple statistical tools can be used to assess drought effects on vegetation productivity and to inform about land conditions, as well as to better understand the accuracy of satellite derived LSP.

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Апецько, А. А. "Проект створення лісових культур Сосни звичайної на базі Карпилівського лісництва ДП «Остерський військовий лісгосп»." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/25101.

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Апецько, А. А. Проект створення лісових культур Сосни звичайної на базі Карпилівського лісництва ДП «Остерський військовий лісгосп» : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 205 «Лісoве гoспoдарствo» / А. А. Апецько ; керівник роботи О. М. Корма ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра аграрних технологій та лісового господарства. – Чернігів, 2021. – 66 с.
Кваліфікаційна робота «Проект створення лісових культур Сосни звичайної на базі Карпилівського лісництва ДП «Остерський військовий лісгосп»» присвячена проблемі лісовідновлення, головним і найефективнішим методом якого є посадка сіянців і саджанців деревних порід на лісокультурну площу. Автором досліджено існуючі в господарстві схеми створення лісових культур в умовах В2-3, С2 з додаванням супутніх порід берези повислої та дуба звичайного та проаналізовано їх переваги та недоліки. Автором проаналізовано стан вивчення питання на основі 44 літературних джерел. В ході дослідження автором на основі наукового обґрунтування було розраховано кількість посадкового матеріалу та затрати на створення культур на трьох ділянках господарства.
Qualification work «Project of creation of forest cultures of Pine ordinary on the basis of Karpylivsky forestry of SE «Oster military forestry»» is devoted to the problem of reforestation, the main and most effective method of which is planting of seedlings and saplings of wood species on the forest area. The author investigates the existing schemes of forest crops creation in the conditions of B2-3, C2 with the addition of accompanying species of hanging birch and common oak and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. The author analyzes the state of the study on the basis of 44 literature sources. In the course of the study, the author calculated the amount of planting material and the cost of creating crops in three areas of the farm on the basis of scientific justification.

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Almeida, Dieimisson Paulo. "Tecnologia de aplicação de herbicidas na dessecação de coberturas vegetais." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3878.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In areas where it works with no till is common to observe flaws in the burn down of cover crops and/or spontaneous vegetation, which can characterize the insufficient deposition of active ingredient of herbicides. The spray technology is the tool to be used in the planning and execution of burn down, to ensure that products with proven for weed control and coverage, effectiveness are efficiently deposited in biological targets. Two assays were carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of herbicide applications. At the first it was evaluated the influence of classes drops (very fine droplets and very coarse droplets) and spray volumes (50, 100, 150 and 200 L ha-1) on the effectiveness of cover crop control with use of glyphosate and glyphosate + saflufenacil to control Urochloa ruziziensis and Conyza sp., respectively. The classes of droplets influence the control of Urochloa ruziziensis. The reduction on spray volume increased the possibility of sprouts on Conyza sp. On the second experiment it was investigated the efficiency of two spray application volumes (50 and 200 L ha-1) at different times of day (4:30, 10:30, 16:30 and 22:30 pm) on burn down of Urochloa ruziziensis and spontaneous vegetation. The efficacy of glyphosate in cover crops is not influenced by schedules of spray.
Em áreas onde se trabalha com Plantio Direto é comum observar-se falhas na dessecação das plantas de cobertura e/ou vegetação espontânea, o que pode caracterizar a deposição em quantidade insuficiente do ingrediente ativo do herbicida. A tecnologia de aplicação é a ferramenta a ser utilizada no planejamento e execução da dessecação, a fim de garantir que produtos com eficácia comprovada para o controle de plantas daninhas e de cobertura, sejam eficientemente depositados nos alvos biológicos. Visando maximizar a eficácia de herbicidas por meio de aplicações eficientes foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro foi avaliada a influência das classes de gotas (gotas muito fina e gotas muito grossa) e volumes de aplicação (50, 100, 150 e 200 L ha-1) no controle das coberturas vegetais, com uso de glyphosate e glyphosate + saflufenacil para controle de Urochloa ruziziensis e Conyza sp., respectivamente, no qual concluiu-se que as classes de gotas influenciam no controle de Urochloa ruziziensis e a redução do volume de aplicação aumenta a possibilidade de rebrotes de Conyza sp.. No segundo experimento avaliou-se a eficiência da aplicação em dois volumes de aplicação (50 e 200 L ha-1) em diferentes horários do dia (4:30, 10:30, 16:30 e 22:30 horas) na dessecação de Urochloa ruziziensis e vegetação espontânea. Conclui-se que a eficácia de glyphosate nas coberturas vegetais não sofre influência de horários de aplicação.

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Zanardo, Ana Beatriz Riguetti. "Abundância de fungos entomopatogênicos da ordem Hypocreales e diversidade genética de Metarhizium spp. isolados de amostras de solo de áreas representativas de cinco biomas brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-22092015-140424/.

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Os fungos entomopatogênicos dos gêneros Metarhizium, Beauveria e Isaria (Ordem Hypocreales), são comumente encontrados em solo onde sobrevivem de maneira saprofítica ou como endofíticos do sistema radicular das plantas. Informações sobre a composição destas espécies bem como sua diversidade, distribuição e associação com diferentes tipos de cultivos e vegetação nativa são escassas no Brasil. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para comparar a abundância de fungos entomopatogênicos e a diversidade genética de isolados de Metarhizium spp. em amostras de solo de cultivos anuais, perenes e vegetação nativa, em cinco estados brasileiros que representam os biomas Amazônia, Cerrado, Caatinga, Mata Atlântica e Pampa, em duas estações (seca e úmida) nos anos de 2012 e 2013. O isolamento dos fungos foi realizado com meio seletivo e \"Insect bait\" utilizando Galleria mellonella e Tenebrio molitor. Nos estudos de diversidade genética de Metarhizium spp. foram utilizadas sequências de DNA da região MzIGS3. Representantes dos haplótipos revelados nesta análise tiveram a região 5\'-TEF sequenciada para identificação específica. Fungos entomopatogênicos foram isolados de 86% das 1.056 amostras de solo sendo Metarhizium o gênero predominante (66% das amostras de solo), seguido por Beauveria (41,9%) e Isaria (10,8%). Em geral, as maiores densidades de fungos entomopatogênicos foram obtidas nos biomas Amazônia e Cerrado e as menores densidades detectadas no bioma Caatinga. Metarhizium spp. foi detectado em maior número de amostras de solo em vegetação nativa e cultivos anual e perene do Cerrado. A frequência de Isaria spp. foi baixa nas amostras de solo, sendo detectado em maior número de amostras nos solos com cultivos anuais e vegetação nativa na Amazônia e Caatinga. Metarhizium spp. foi geralmente encontrado em um maior número de amostras coletadas na estação úmida em comparação com as coletas da estação seca, por outro lado Beauveria spp. foi superior na estação seca. A diversidade dos isolados de Metarhizium spp. provenientes de áreas de vegetação nativa foi maior do que dos isolados de cultivos anuais e perenes. Seis linhagens foram encontradas neste estudo; M. robertsii, M. anisopliae, M. pingshaense e três espécies indeterminadas. M. robertsii foi a linhagem predominante (65% dos isolados) sendo encontrado em áreas com vegetação nativa e cultivos anual e perene dos cinco biomas. Metarhizium sp. indet. 1 apresentou a maior diversidade haplotípica dentre as linhagens estudadas. Uma nova linhagem, não caracterizada taxonomicamente, Metarhizium sp. indet. 3, foi encontrada predominantemente na Caatinga. Somente na Amazônia foram encontradas todas as linhagens. O conhecimento da composição das populações de fungos entomopatogênicos nativos bem como sobre a filogenia, diversidade e distribuição dos haplótipos de Metarhizium spp. em solos brasileiros, gerado neste estudo, poderá servir como subsídio para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação e maximização do controle biológico natural de pragas.
Entomopathogenic fungi of the genera Metarhizium, Beauveria and Isaria (order Hypocreales) are associated to the soil where they survive saprofitically or as endophytes of the plants root system. Information on the species composition and its diversity, distribution and association of these fungi with different types of crops and native vegetation are scarce in Brazil. The present study was carried out to compare the abundance of entomopathogenic fungi and the genetic diversity of Metarhizium spp. Isolated from soil samples from annual and perennial crops and native vegetation in five Brazilian states that represent the biomes Amazon, Cerrado, Caatinga, Atlantic Forest and Pampa, in two seasons (wet and dry) in the years 2012 and 2013. The isolation of fungi was performed with selective medium and \"Insect bait\" using Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor. DNA sequences of the region MzIGS3 were used in genetic diversity studies of Metarhizium spp. Representatives haplotypes revealed in the diversity analysis had the 5\'-TEF region sequenced for species identification. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from 86% of 1,056 soil samples and Metarhizium was the predominant genus (66% of soil samples), followed by Beauveria (41.9%) and Isaria (10.8%). In general, the highest densities of entomopathogenic fungi were obtained in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes and the lowest densities were detected in the Caatinga biome. Metarhizium spp. was detected in a greater number of soil samples from native vegetation and annual and perennial crops of Cerrado. The frequency of Isaria spp. was low in soil samples being detected in a greater number of soils with annual crops and native vegetation in the Amazon and Caatinga. Metarhizium spp. was usually found in a greater number of samples collected during the wet season compared to the collections in the dry season. On the other hand, Beauveria spp. was higher in the dry season. The diversity of isolates of Metarhizium spp. from areas of native vegetation was greater than that obtained from annual and perennial crops. Six lineages were found in this study; M. robertsii, M. anisopliae, M. pingshaense and three indeterminate species. M. robertsii was the predominant (65% of isolates) found in areas with native vegetation and in the annual and perennial crops of the five biomes. Metarhizium sp. indet. 1 showed the greatest haplotype diversity among the strains studied. A new strain, not characterized taxonomically, Metarhizium sp. indet. 3, was found predominantly in the Caatinga. Only in the Amazon, all lineages were found. The knowledge on species composition of entomopathogenic fungi as well as about phylogeny, diversity and distribution of haplotypes of Metarhizium spp. in Brazilian soils, generated in this study, may be useful for the development of strategies for conservation and maximization of natural biological control of pests.

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Lister, Tonya Whitcomb. "Forest Harvesting Disturbance and Site Preparation Effects on Soil Processes and Vegetation in a Young Pine Plantation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10051.

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The favorable growth of young loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) in response to controlling non-crop vegetation is well documented. However, the beneficial effects of non-crop vegetation on soil quality, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity have not been thoroughly explored. A study was conducted to determine the effects of harvesting-induced soil disturbance, bedding and chemical vegetation control on soil processes and productivity, and to characterize the effects of silvicultural treatments on non-crop vegetation dynamics. Study plots were established on a wet pine flat on South Carolina's lower Coastal Plain. Treatments included a range of 5 disturbance classes (undisturbed, compression tracked, shallowly rutted, deeply rutted and churned), two site preparation treatments (flat planted and bedded) and a gradient of vegetation control (no vegetation control, operational-level weed control and complete weed control). Soil disturbances had relatively small effects on soil quality. Soil compaction reduced soil aeration, but this condition was fully ameliorated by bedding. Churning did not degrade the soil physical environment in any measureable way, largely because slash and litter were incorporated into the surface soil. Bedding and churning increase soil biological activity, which increased nitrogen mineralization in excess of pine demand. When non-crop vegetation was chemically controlled, mineralization rates increased due to increases in surface soil temperatures. With less vegetation on the site, the amount of nitrogen sequestered was less, furthering the potential for nitrogen loss by leaching or denitrification. Soil quality improved somewhat with increasing levels of non-crop vegetation biomass; however, these beneficial effects were marginal during two years of operational vegetation control. The majority of dominant species on undisturbed treatment areas were woody, and soil disturbance, including bedding, reduced the proportions of these species. Silvicultural treatments had little effect on the prevalence of hydrophytic species on these wetland study sites. From a forest management point of view, for this site type, it appears that much is gained by reducing competition from non-crop vegetation; the benefits of controlling the density of non-crop vegetation for encouraging early pine growth are clear. While non-crop vegetation slightly improved system function by sequestering available nitrogen, increasing diversity and increasing soil quality, these improvements do not appear to be critical to forest function on these inherently high-quality sites.
Master of Science

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Davies-Barnard, T. "Climate and crop interactions : the biogeophysical effects on climate and vegetation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685042.

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The interactions between changing agricultural land and climate are multi faceted and only partially understood. This thesis looks at interactions between crops and climate from assumptions about parameterisations that underpin crop changes in models; the unintended consequences of policies which affect land cover; and the impacts of deliberate crop changes (e.g. biogeoengineering). Focusing on the biogeophysical effects (from albedo, evapotranspiration etc.) these effects are compared to the biogeochemical effects (from greenhouse gases). There are considerable local and global biogeophysical effects to climate from land-use change, which do not necessarily scale linearly with the amount of landuse change itself. Changing the parameterisation of contributory factors to biogeophysical changes can affect the climate at least as much as deliberate alterations. Similarly, climate forced land cover change effects can be larger than land use forced changes. Increases in crop yield from deliberately altered albedo are small, but the changes to climate via albedo from different assumptions of yield are significant at a global and regional scale. This work emphasises the importance of including biogeophysical interactions in assessments of crop and land cover change in policy decisions, but also that the effects of land use change should not be overestimated, as the net effects are often smaller than the parameter uncertainty.

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Manore, Michael J. (Michael John) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Potential vegetation indices from landsat thematic mapper imagery for crop monitoring." Ottawa, 1991.

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Sasso, Simone Aparecida Zolet. "Propagação vegetativa de jabuticabeira." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2009. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/271.

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A jabuticabeira (Plinia sp.) é uma espécie de difícil propagação vegetativa e um protocolo eficiente para tal ainda não foi definido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a eficiência de técnicas de propagação vegetativa da espécie e desenvolver um protocolo eficiente para desinfestação e estabelecimento inicial de explantes in vitro. Testou-se o potencial de enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de P. cauliflora, utilizando quatro concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) (0, 2000, 4000 e 6000 mg L-1) e dois procedimentos (corte vertical e anelamento da estaca); e o potencial de enraizamento de estacas apicais herbáceas de P. cauliflora, utilizando cinco concentrações de AIB (0, 2000, 4000, 6000 e 8000 mg L-1) e em duas épocas de implantação (outubro e dezembro). O percentual de enraizamento das estacas foi avaliado após 180 dias da implantação dos experimentos. Foi testada também a compatibilidade de enxertia de três espécies de jabuticabeira (P. cauliflora, P. trunciflora, P. jaboticaba) sobre porta-enxertos de P. cauliflora, em duas épocas de implantação (maio e agosto). Avaliou-se o percentual de enxertos brotados e o número e tamanho de brotos, após 90 dias da implantação. Para alporquia, foram testados dois diâmetros de ramo (1,0-1,5 cm e 2,0-2,5 cm) e duas larguras do anelamento (1,5 cm e 3,0 cm), na espécie P. cauliflora. Avaliou-se o percentual de enraizamento e o número e tamanho de raízes, após 180 dias da implantação do experimento. Testou-se também o período de imersão (5, 10 e 15 minutos) em hipoclorito de sódio a 1,25% no estabelecimento in vitro de explantes caulinares e radiculares de seedlings de P. trunciflora. Avaliou-se o percentual de contaminação e o número de brotos e folhas dos explantes, após 45 dias de incubação. Observouse que o enraizamento de estacas lenhosas é dependente da aplicação de AIB, sendo que o maior percentual de enraizamento (50%) foi obtido na maior concentração de AIB (6000 mg L-1) conjugada com o corte vertical. Para as estacas herbáceas, o enraizamento foi baixo (máximo de 10%). Entretanto, há o potencial de enraizamento e, por isso, ajustes na técnica devem ser testados para maximizá-lo. A enxertia e a alporquia são técnicas recomendáveis para propagação da jabuticabeira, pois proporcionam alto percentual de formação de mudas. Há compatibilidade aparente entre as três espécies enxertadas sobre P. cauliflora. A utilização de garfos retirados de plantas em frutificação deve ser evitada, pois ocorre inibição da brotação posterior dos enxertos. Na alporquia, ramos de diâmetro superior a 2,0 cm, proporcionam enraizamento de 87,5% e maior número e tamanho de raízes, em relação a ramos de menor diâmetro. A utilização do menor tempo de imersão (cinco minutos) em hipoclorito de sódio 1,25% é eficiente para desinfestação dos explantes caulinares de seedlings de jabuticabeira e permite seu estabelecimento inicial in vitro, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de brotações.
The jabuticaba tree is a specie of difficult vegetative propagation and an efficient protocol has not been defined yet. The aim of this work was to test the efficiency of vegetative propagation techniques for jabuticaba tree and develop an efficient protocol for disinfection and initial establishment of in vitro explants. It was tested the rooting potential of wood cutting of P. cauliflora, utilizing four concentrations of Indolbutiric Acid - IBA (0, 2000 , 4000 and 6000 mg L-1) and two procedures (cross section and cuttings girdling); and the rooting potential of softwood terminal cuttings of P. cauliflora, utilizing five concentrations of IBA (0, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 mg L-1) in two periods of implantation (October and December 2007). The rooting potential of cuttings was evaluated after 180 days of the beginning of the experiments. It was also tested the compatibility of grafting of three species of jabuticaba tree (P. cauliflora, P. trunciflora, P. jaboticaba) on rootstocks of P. cauliflora, and two periods (May and August). It was evaluated the survival percentage of grafting, number and size of shoots, after 90 days of the beginning of the experiment. For air layering techniques, it was tested two diameters of branch (1.0-1.5 cm and 2.0-2.5 cm) and two widths of girdling (1.5 cm and 3.0 cm) in P. cauliflora. It was evaluated the rooting percentage, and number and size of roots, 180 days after the beginning of the experiment. It was also tested the period of immersion (5, 10, 15 minutes) in 1,25% sodium hypochlorite solution in the in vitro establishment of shoot and root of the seedlings explants of P. trunciflora. After 45 days of incubation it was evaluated the percentage of contamination and number of shoots and leaves in each explant. It was observed that rooting of wood cutting is dependent of application of IBA, so the biggest rooting percentage (50%) was obtained in biggest concentration of IBA (6000mg L-1) associated with cross section. For the softwood terminal cuttings, the rooting was small (maximum of 10%). Meantime, exist the potential of rooting, and, changes of technique must be tested for maximization. The grafting and the air layering techniques are recommended for jabuticaba tree propagations, because this techniques provide high percentage of plants formation. There is visible compatibility between the three species grafted on rootstocks of P. cauliflora. The utilization of grafts collected from plants in fructification should be avoided, because they reduce the percentage of plants establishment. In air layering techniques, branches with diameter of 2.0 cm provides higher percentage of rooting and the biggest number and size of roots in relation of branches with small diameter (1.0 to 1.5 cm). The utilization of less time in immersion (five minutes) in 1,25% sodium hypochlorite solution is efficient for shoots explants disinfestations of jabuticaba tree seedlings and allows the initial in vitro establishment, providing development of shootings.

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13

Morris, Antony James. "Manipulating crop and field-margin vegetation structure for birds and food resources." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515697.

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Anderson, Brett Gordon. "Quantifying the interaction between riparian vegetation and flooding : from cross-section to catchment scale /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2086.

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This study investigates whether the flood regime in a catchment is sensitive to the condition of riparian vegetation along the river network. The research is based on a comprehensive assessment and synthesis of field and laboratory measurements of vegetation flow resistance. A new numerical model is developed to estimate the roughness characteristics of multi-species riparian assemblages at a cross-section. Reach-scale and catchment-scale flood routing models are then applied to estimate the impact of vegetation on flood characteristics at successively larger scales. The investigation reveals that when riparian vegetation is removed at catchment-scale, peak stage declines as channel capacity increases but is also increased as the upstream catchment responds more rapidly to rain. In fact, the two competing impacts tend to cancel out leaving flood peak stage relatively insensitive to riparian condition. However, the overbank duration of a flood and flow speeds (including wave celerity) were both found to be sensitive to vegetation condition; respectively increasing and decreasing with density of vegetation. The first stage of this research examines the magnitude of the vegetation contribution to overall channel roughness, and established a means to predict it. The features of the flow resistance generated by six plant types (mature trees; grasses; aquatic plants; flexible saplings; and large woody debris) were distilled from a comprehensive review of over 160 existing publications (Chapter 2).

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15

Waha, Katharina. "Climate change impacts on agricultural vegetation in sub-Saharan Africa." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6471/.

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Agriculture is one of the most important human activities providing food and more agricultural goods for seven billion people around the world and is of special importance in sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of people depends on the agricultural sector for their livelihoods and will suffer from negative climate change impacts on agriculture until the middle and end of the 21st century, even more if weak governments, economic crises or violent conflicts endanger the countries’ food security. The impact of temperature increases and changing precipitation patterns on agricultural vegetation motivated this thesis in the first place. Analyzing the potentials of reducing negative climate change impacts by adapting crop management to changing climate is a second objective of the thesis. As a precondition for simulating climate change impacts on agricultural crops with a global crop model first the timing of sowing in the tropics was improved and validated as this is an important factor determining the length and timing of the crops´ development phases, the occurrence of water stress and final crop yield. Crop yields are projected to decline in most regions which is evident from the results of this thesis, but the uncertainties that exist in climate projections and in the efficiency of adaptation options because of political, economical or institutional obstacles have to be considered. The effect of temperature increases and changing precipitation patterns on crop yields can be analyzed separately and varies in space across the continent. Southern Africa is clearly the region most susceptible to climate change, especially to precipitation changes. The Sahel north of 13° N and parts of Eastern Africa with short growing seasons below 120 days and limited wet season precipitation of less than 500 mm are also vulnerable to precipitation changes while in most other part of East and Central Africa, in contrast, the effect of temperature increase on crops overbalances the precipitation effect and is most pronounced in a band stretching from Angola to Ethiopia in the 2060s. The results of this thesis confirm the findings from previous studies on the magnitude of climate change impact on crops in sub-Saharan Africa but beyond that helps to understand the drivers of these changes and the potential of certain management strategies for adaptation in more detail. Crop yield changes depend on the initial growing conditions, on the magnitude of climate change, and on the crop, cropping system and adaptive capacity of African farmers which is only now evident from this comprehensive study for sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore this study improves the representation of tropical cropping systems in a global crop model and considers the major food crops cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa and climate change impacts throughout the continent.
Landwirtschaft ist eine der wichtigsten menschlichen Aktivitäten, sie stellt Nahrungsmittel und andere landwirtschaftliche Produkte für weltweit 7 Milliarden Menschen zur Verfügung und ist in den Ländern Afrikas südlich der Sahara von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Mehrheit der afrikanischen Bevölkerung bestreitet ihren Lebensunterhalt in der Landwirtschaft und wird von Klimaänderungen stark betroffen sein. Die Doktorarbeit ist durch die Frage motiviert, wie sich von Klimamodellen vorhergesagte Temperaturerhöhungen und sich verändernde Niederschlagsverteilungen auf die landwirtschaftliche Vegetation auswirken werden. Die Forschungsfragen in diesem Kontext beschäftigen sich mit regionalen Unterschieden von Klimaänderungen und ihren Auswirkungen auf die Landwirtschaft und mit möglichen Anpassungsstrategien die mit geringem technischem Aufwand genutzt werden können. In diesem Zusammenhang wird schnell deutlich, dass Daten über die komplexen landwirtschaftlichen Systeme in Afrika südlich der Sahara häufig nur selten vorhanden sind, aus fragwürdigen Quellen stammen oder von schlechter Qualität sind. Die Methoden und Modelle zur Untersuchung der Auswirkungen von Klimaänderungen auf die Landwirtschaft werden zudem ausschließlich in Europa oder Nordamerika entwickelt and häufig in den temperierten Breiten aber seltener in tropischen Gebieten angewendet. Vor allem werden globale, dynamische Vegetationsmodelle in Kombination mit Klimamodellen eingesetzt um Änderungen in der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion auf Grund von Klimaänderungen in der zweiten Hälfte des 21.Jahrhunderts abzuschätzen. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zeigen einen mittleren Ertragsrückgang für die wichtigsten landwirtschaftlichen Pflanzen um 6% bis 24% bis 2090 je nach Region, Klimamodell und Anpassungsstrategie. Dieses Ergebnis macht deutlich, dass Landwirte die negativen Folgen von Klimaänderungen abschwächen können, wenn sie die Wahl der Feldfrucht, die Wahl des Anbausystems und den Aussaattermin an geänderte Klimabedingungen anpassen. Die Arbeit stellt methodische Ansätze zur Berechung des Aussaattermins in temperierten und tropischen Gebieten (Kapitel 2) sowie zur Simulation von Mehrfachanbausystemen in den Tropen vor (Kapitel 3). Dabei werden wichtige Parameter für das globale, dynamische Vegetationsmodell LPJmL überprüft und neu berechnet. Es zeigt sich, dass das südliche Afrika und die Sahelregion die am stärksten betroffenen Regionen sind, vor allem aufgrund von Niederschlagsänderungen, weniger aufgrund von Temperaturerhöhungen. In den meisten anderen Teilen, vor allem Zentral- und Ostafrikas bedingen Temperaturerhöhungen Rückgänge der Erträge (Kapitel 4). Diese Arbeit leistet einen wichtigen und umfassenden Beitrag zum Verständnis der Auswirkung von Klimaänderung auf die landwirtschaftliche Vegetation und damit zu einem großen Teil auf die Lebensgrundlage von afrikanischen Landwirten.

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16

Hatch, Tremain Archer. "Groundcover, rootstock and root restriction effects on vegetative growth, crop yield components, and fruit composition of Cabernet Sauvignon." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78134.

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Wine vineyards in humid environments like the mid-Atlantic United States are characterized by vines that develop too much vegetative growth for optimum quality wine production. Cover crops, rootstocks and rootzone restriction were evaluated for their effect on vegetative and reproductive growth on Cabernet Sauvignon. Treatments were arranged in a strip-split-split plot arrangement with under-trellis cover crops (UTCC) compared to row-middle only cover crop combined with 1-m weed-free strips in the vine row as main plots. Rootstocks riparia Gloire, 420-A, and 101-14 were sub-plots, while sub-sub-plots comprised two treatments: vines were either planted in root-restrictive (RR), fabric bags (0.016 m3) at vineyard establishment (2006), or were planted without root restriction. All three factors were effective in suppressing vegetative development as measured by rate and extent of shoot growth, lateral shoot development, trunk circumference, and dormant pruning weights. Canopies of vines with UTCC and RR had reduced leaf layer values by approximately 21% and 23% compared to conventional controls. The principal effect of the UTCC and the RR treatments was a sustained reduction in stem (xylem) water potential. UTCC and RR caused significant 7 and 10% reductions in berry weight, compared to their conventional controls. Berry weights of vines grafted to riparia were greater than those of vines grafted to other rootstocks. Wine made from UTCC and RR treatments increased red wine color compared to herbicide UTGC and NRR, respectively. This study identified treatments that improve vine balance while simultaneously improving grape composition and potential wine quality.
Master of Science

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17

Alou, Abdourahamane 1959. "Vegetative physiology of cotton as related to the Crop Water Stress Index." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276939.

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This study was undertaken to investigate Gossypium hirsutum L. reproductive physiology and metabolic activities as they relate to the Crop Water Stress Index. Five treatments were established based on the CWSI. These were the maximum stress levels allowed for each treatment. The indices investigated were .16, .35, .36, .40, and .62. Daily tagging of opened flowers in each treatment was conducted throughout the season. Diffusive resistance, transpiration, apparent photosynthesis, and yield were measured. There was no significant difference in treatment yield. Plants irrigated at stress level either below .30 or above .40, tended to yield relatively low compared to plants maintained between .30 and .40. Floral production, abscission and boll retention were negatively correlated to CWSI. Negative relationships were also found between apparent photosynthesis, transpiration, leaf area and CWSI. A two day lag response was observed between a decrease in CWSI values resulting from irrigation, and daily flowering increase.

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18

Nambuthiri, Susmitha Surendran. "Soil water and crop growth processes in a farmer's field." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1140.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2010.
Title from document title page (viewed on May 12, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains: xii, 310 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 298-309).

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19

Hausler, Melanie. "Assessment of vegetation parameters in olive trees in the region of Alentejo. A comparison of direct and indirect methods." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4004.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Vegetation parameters, as the leaf area index (LAI) and the ground cover (GC) are commonly related to biosphere processes, being used in models to estimate yield and crop water requirements. Several direct and indirect methods have been developed in the past decades to determine the LAI. However, a simple approach to assess this parameter is still missing. In this study we tested the operability and precision of different methods to calculate the LAI of 6 and 20 year old olive trees (Arbequina and Cobrançosa), under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in the region of Alentejo. The average LAI on a projected area basis was estimated to be 5.88 and 2.75 m2 m-2 at the irrigated and non-irrigated sites, respectively, corresponding to 1.01 and 1.05 m2 m-2 on a total area basis. Furthermore, a tool was introduced to simplify the decision making between the use of the LAI and the GC. The determination of the GC is much easier than the LAI in practical uses. The average GC was 5.7 m2 under irrigated and 18.0 m2 under non-irrigated conditions. A detailed comparison between direct and indirect methods is given and the future prospective of the decision making tool is discussed.

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20

Jiang, Jingyi. "Retrieving leaf and canopy characteristics from their radiative properties using physically based models : from laboratory to satellite observations Estimation of leaf traits from reflectance measurements: comparison between methods based on vegetation indices and several versions of the PROSPECT model a model of leaf optical properties accounting for the differences between upper and lower faces Speeding up 3D radiative transfer simulations: a physically based approximation of canopy reflectance dependency on wavelength, leaf biochemical composition and soil reflectance Effective GAI for crops is best estimated from reflectance observations as compared to GAI and LAI Optimal learning for GAI and chlorophyll estimation from 1D and 3D radiative transfer model inversion: the case of wheat and maize crops observed by Sentinel2." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0708.

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La mesure des caractéristiques des feuilles et du couvert végétal par télédétection est un moyen efficace et non destructif d’effectuer un suivi des cultures, que ce soit pour la prise de décision dans la gestion d’itinéraires techniques an agriculture de précision ou pour le phénotypage au champ pour améliorer l'efficacité de la sélection variétale. Grâce à l’augmentation de la puissance de calcul des machines et à la disponibilité croissante d'images à haute résolution spatiale, les méthodes d’estimation peuvent maintenant bénéficier de simulations plus précises des modèles de transfert radiatif (RT) dans la végétation. L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer et d'évaluer des moyens efficaces pour estimer les caractéristiques des feuilles et du couvert végétal à partir d'observations rapprochées ou de télédétection en utilisant des modèles RT basés sur une description réaliste de la structure des feuilles et du couvert. Au niveau des feuilles, nous avons d'abord évalué la capacité des différentes versions du modèle PROSPECT à estimer des variables biochimiques comme la chlorophylle (Cab), la teneur en eau et en matière sèche. Nous avons ensuite proposé le modèle FASPECT pour décrire les différences de propriétés optiques entre les faces supérieure et inférieure des feuilles en considérant un système à quatre couches. Après avoir étalonné les coefficients d'absorption spécifiques des principaux constituants de la feuille, nous avons validé FASPECT sur 8 jeux de données. Nous avons montré que les spectres de réflectance et de transmittance des deux faces sont simulés avec une très bonne précision, et même meilleure que PROSPECT pour la face supérieure. De même, en mode inverse, les performances d'estimation de la teneur en matière sèche sont considérablement améliorées avec FASPECT par rapport à PROSPECT, et restent du même ordre de grandeur pour la chlorophylle et l’eau. Au niveau du couvert végétal, nous avons utilisé le simulateur de rendu physique réaliste LuxCoreRender pour calculer le transfert radiatif à partir d'une description 3D de l’architecture de la culture. Nous avons d’abord vérifié ses bonnes performances par comparaison aux modèles 3D les plus récents en utilisant ROMC (RAMI On Line Model Checker). Afin d’accélérer les simulations, nous avons développé une méthode qui repose sur l’utilisation d’un nombre limité de propriétés optiques du sol et des feuilles. Pour estimer les variables d'état du couvert végétal (indice de surface verte, GAI, contenu en chlorophylle du couvert (CCC) ou des feuilles (Cab), nous avons ensuite entrainé des algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique à partir de bases de données « culture spécifique » simulées avec LuxCoreRender pour le blé et le maïs et d’une base de données générique simulée avec le modèle 1D PROSAIL de transfert radiatif. Les résultats sur des simulations et sur des données in situ combinés aux images SENTINEL2 ont montré que les algorithmes spécifiques aux cultures surpassent les algorithmes génériques pour les trois variables, en particulier lorsque la structure du couvert s’éloigne de l'hypothèse 1D du milieu turbide, comme dans le cas du maïs où la structure en rang domine pendant toute une partie de la saison de croissance
Measuring leaf and canopy characteristics from remote sensing acquisitions is an effective and non destructive way to monitor crops both for decision making within the smart agriculture practices or for phenotyping under field conditions to improve the selection efficiency. With the advancement of computer computing power and the increasing availability of high spatial resolution images, retrieval methods can now benefit from more accurate simulations of the Radiative Transfer (RT) models within the vegetation. The objective of this work is to propose and evaluate efficient ways to retrieve leaf and canopy characteristics from close and remote sensing observations by using RT models based on a realistic description of the leaf and canopy structures. At the leaf level, we first evaluated the ability of the different versions of the PROSPECT model to estimate biochemical variables like chlorophyll (Cab), water and dry matter content. We then proposed the FASPECT model to describe the optical properties differences between the upper and lower leaf faces by considering a four-layer system. After calibrating the specific absorption coefficients of the main absorbing material, we validated FASPECT against eight measured ground datasets. We showed that FASPECT simulates accurately the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the two faces and overperforms PROSPECT for the upper face measurements. Moreover, in the inverse mode, the dry matter content estimation is significantly improved with FASPECT as compared to PROSPECT. At the canopy level, we used the physically based and unbiased rendering engine, LuxCoreRender to compute the radiative transfer from a realistic 3D description of the crop structure. We checked its good performances by comparison with the state of the art 3D RT models using the RAMI online model checker. Then, we designed a speed-up method to simulate canopy reflectance from a limited number of soil and leaf optical properties. Based on crop specific databases simulated from LuxCoreRender for wheat and maize and crop generic databases simulated from a 1D RT model, we trained some machine learning inversion algorithms to retrieve canopy state variables like Green Area Index GAI, Cab and Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC). Results on both simulations and in situ data combined with SENTINEL2 images showed that crop specific algorithms outperform the generic one for the three variables, especially when the canopy structure breaks the 1D turbid medium assumption such as in maize where rows are dominant during a significant part of the growing season

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21

Via, Stephen M. "From Seed to Sky: Impacts of explosive compounds on vegetation across spatial and developmental scales." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4476.

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Explosive compounds are broadly distributed across the globe as a result of nearly two centuries of munitions use in warfare and military activities. Two explosive compounds have seen disproportionate use; RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and TNT (2-methyl- 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene), being the most commonly found explosives in the environment. The effects of explosives on biota have been studied in great detail; however, there is a general lack of understanding with regard to broader ecological impacts of these contaminants. My dissertation objective was to follow the impacts of explosive compounds on vegetation across scales. Impacts on vegetation at the species scale alter community composition via species-specific and age-specific responses to explosives. Results presented here showed that contaminated soils induced a variety of responses in vegetation, yet impacts to water relations were similar regardless of species. Use of novel metrics in monitoring plant responses to explosives compounds aided in delineation of reference and treatment groups. At the community scale the presence of explosives induced species and functional composition shifts. The observed shifts are likely due to physiological impairment as individuals in the field exhibited significant impacts to physiological functions. Effects of explosives contamination also detectable using remote sensing techniques. Impacts to plant morphology and physiology are directly related to community level shifts observed in long contaminated areas. This highlights the long lasting impacts that these largely overlooked contaminants can have on a system and opens avenues for new, at range, vegetation based contaminant detection systems.

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22

Séguin, Philippe 1974. "Pasture renovation : introduction of legumes in a grass dominated pasture with physical suppression of the resident vegetation." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27907.

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Herbicide sod suppression during pasture renovation by legume sod-seeding often results in the loss of potentially usable forage, weed encroachment, and inadequate glass-legume ratios. A study was conducted to investigate the viability of sod suppression by sheep grazing or mowing, as alternatives to herbicide, during pasture renovation with no-till seeding of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) or white clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Sod suppression methods evaluated were: strategically timed mowing or sheep grazing to 5 or 10 cm at seeding and during legume establishment, or similarly managed mowing or sheep grazing with an additional defoliation to 5 cm the previous fall. Additional treatments included suppression by herbicide and, unsuppressed and unseeded controls. Treatments were evaluated by determining clover plant population, botanical composition, forage yield and quality. Physical (mowing or grazing) and herbicide sod suppression resulted in similar clover plant populations; clover yields tended to be higher with herbicide suppression. However, increasing the intensity of physical suppression increased clover yields. Forage quality was increased only with sod suppression by grazing or herbicide when compared with the unimproved control. Although, for grazing this was attributed to a more frequent defoliation regime and not to the renovation itself. Unlike suppression with herbicide, physical suppression did not decrease total seasonal forage yields in the renovation year when compared with controls.

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23

Kameda, Chika. "Factors Influencing the Changes of Swidden Agriculture and Its Development in Rural Livelihoods of Northern Laos." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202730.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19325号
農博第2146号
新制||農||1036(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N4953(農学部図書室)
32327
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授縄田栄治, 教授舟川晋也, 教授神﨑護
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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24

Odorizzi, dos santos Luan alberto. "Contribution of marginal non-crop vegetation and semi-natural habitats to the regulation of insect pests populationsby their natural enemies." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0693/document.

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L'expansion des zones agricoles a conduit à la perte de biodiversité due à la réduction des habitats naturels et semi-naturels dans les paysages agricoles. Avec l'augmentation de la production agricole dans le monde, des techniques écologiquement rationnelles sont de plus en plus discutées qui permettent une gestion durable des habitats environnants. Les effets de ces habitats sur la population des insectes nuisibles et de leurs ennemis naturels sont encore mal connus. L'objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre les effets des environnements naturels et semi-naturels sur la population des insectes nuisibles et des ennemis naturels dans les régions tropicales (Brésil) et tempérées (France). Au Brésil (chapitre II), on a évalué l'effet de la distance des fragments sur la population de fourmis prédatrices et omnivores dans la canne à sucre. Les résultats montrent que la richesse en espèces diminue avec la distance des fragments forestiers et que la prédominance des espèces Dorymyrmex bruneus et Pheidole oxyops augmente. Des espèces de fourmis colonisant les champs de canne à sucre ont également été trouvées dans des fragments forestiers, ce qui suggère que ces derniers habitats sont des refuges pour les espèces de fourmis prédatrices pendant les périodes de perturbation comme la récolte de la canne à sucre ou le travail du sol. Cela a été confirmé par des différences plus fortes dans les communautés de fourmis après la récolte de la canne à sucre (saison sèche) que quatre mois plus tard / (saison des pluies) quand l'absence de perturbation a permis la re-lonosiation par les fourmis. Il y avait aussi une différence dans la richesse des espèces de fourmis entre les différents types de fragments (vallées fluviales et plaines). En France, on a évalué l'effet des bandes de fleurs sauvages, de la végétation spontanée et des bandes d'herbe sur la communauté des ennemis naturels et la régulation du puceron de la pomme rosâtre Dysaphis plantaginaea (chapitre III). En ce qui concerne les principaux ennemis naturels, nos résultats ont montré une densité plus élevée de hoverflies par rapport à d'autres types de bande, mais aucune différence pour les coccinelles (coccinelidae). Cependant, aucune différence de densité naturelle de l'ennemi n'a été observée à l'intérieur des vergers. Le nombre de pucerons était plus élevé près des marges, ce qui suggère que la colonisation à partir des bandes marginales peut contrecarrer les effets régulateurs positifs des ennemis naturels. Les effets positifs de la végétation de la marge de bande sur la régulation des ravageurs de la pomme nécessitent un mouvement d'ennemis naturels dans le verger. Nous avons testé les mouvements des prédateurs généralistes en étiquetant les bandes de marge avec des protéines d'oeufs et nous avons vérifié si elles se nourrissaient d'insectes nuisibles en utilisant l'analyse de marqueurs génétiques des gènes de papillon (Cydia pomonella) à l'intérieur des prédateurs (chapitre IV). Les résultats ont montré que peu de personnes se déplaçaient des marges de champ dans le verger. Cependant, 25% des prédateurs capturés se nourrissaient de C. pomonella indiquant encore un haut niveau de régulation naturelle. En conclusion, le mouvement limité des prédateurs à partir des bandes de marges dans les vergers peut expliquer l'absence de différences entre les traitements de bandes dans la régulation des ravageurs du verger (pucerons). Les habitats naturels et semi-naturels peuvent contribuer à la lutte contre les ravageurs en marge des cultures, mais dans les vergers de pommiers cet effet a fortement diminué avec la distance
The expansion of agricultural areas has led to the loss of biodiversity due to the reduction of natural and semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes. With the increase of agricultural production in the world, environmentally sound techniques are increasingly discussed that allow a sustainable management of surrounding habitats. The effects of these habitats on the population of insect pests and their natural enemies are still poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to understand the effects of natural and semi-natural environments on the population of insect pests and natural enemies in tropical (Brazil) and temperate (France) regions. In Brazil (Chapter II) the effect of the distance of fragments on the population of predatory and omnivorous ants in sugarcane was evaluated. The results showed that the species richness decrease with distance from forest fragments and that the dominance of the species Dorymyrmex bruneus and Pheidole oxyops increase. Ant species colonizing sugarcane fields were also found in forest fragments suggesting that the latter habitats are shelters for predatory ant species during periods of disturbance such as sugarcane harvest or soil tillage. This was confirmed by stronger differences in ant communities after sugarcane harvest (dry season) than four months later /(rainy season) when absence of disturbance allowed re-colonization by ants. There was also a difference in the richness of ant species between different fragment types (river valleys and plateaus). In France, the effect of wildflower strips, spontaneous vegetation and grass strips on the community of natural enemies and the regulation of the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginaea (Chapter III) were evaluated. Concerning major natural enemies, our results showed a higher density of hoverflies compared with other strip types but no difference for ladybirds (coccinelidae). No differences in natural enemy densities were observed inside orchards. Aphid number was higher close to the margins suggesting that colonization from margin strips may counteract positive regulatory effects of natural enemies. Positive effects of strip margin vegetation on regulation of apple pests require a movement of natural enemies into the orchard. We tested the movements of generalist predators by labelling margin strips with egg protein and we checked whether they fed on pest insects using genetic marker analysis of codling (Cydia pomonella) moth genes inside predators (chapter IV). The results showed that few individuals were moving from the field margins into the orchard. However, 25% of the captured predators fed on C. pomonella still indicating a high level of natural regulation. In conclusion, the limited movement of predators from margin strips into orchards may explain the absence of differences between strip treatments in orchard pest regulation (aphids). Natural and semi-natural habitats can contribute to pest control at the margins of crops, but in apple orchards this effect strongly decreased with distance

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25

Mazumdar, Deepayan Dutta. "Multiangular crop differentiation and LAI estimation using PROSAIL model inversion." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3103.

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Understanding variations in remote sensing data with illumination and sensor angle changes is important in agricultural crop monitoring. This research investigated field bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) in crop differentiation and PROSAIL leaf area index (LAI) estimation. BRF and LAI data were collected for planophile and erectophile crops at three growth stages. In the solar principal plane, BRF differed optimally at 860 nm 60 days after planting (DAP) for canola and pea, at 860 nm 45 and 60 DAP for wheat and barley, and at 860 nm and 670 nm 45 and 60 DAP for planophiles versus erectophiles. The field BRF data helped better understand PROSAIL LAI estimation. NDVI was preferred for estimating LAI, however the MTVI2 vegetation index showed high sensitivity to view angles, particularly for erectophiles. The hotspot was important for crop differentiation and LAI. Availability of more along-track, off-nadir looking spaceborne sensors was recommended for agricultural crop monitoring.
xiii, 161 leaves : ill., map ; 29 cm

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26

Weber, Liane de Souza. "Integração de dados espectrais e indicadores meteorologicos por meio de redes neurais para a estimativa de produtividade de cana-de-açucar." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257009.

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Orientador: Jansle Vieira Rocha
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O presente trabalho descreve um estudo sobre estimativa de safras cujo principal objetivo foi criar uma metodologia de integração de dados de produção, dados espectrais e indicadores meteorológicos por meio de redes neurais artificiais, estabelecendo correlações entre índices de vegetação e de produtividade, com o propósito de estimar a produtividade de cana-de-açúcar. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: a primeira correspondeu à obtenção e organização dos dados em um banco de dados com padrões de entrada/saída; a segunda, à implementação e ajuste das redes neurais, por meio de ensembles. O estudo foi realizado em unidades amostrais de produção de uma usina sucroalcooleira no município de Araras-SP. A primeira etapa consistiu na obtenção dos coeficientes de produtividade (kp), por meio da inversão do modelo agrometeorológico de Doorenbos e Kassam (1979), a partir da determinação do balanço hídrico. O resultado deste procedimento mostrou a sensibilidade do coeficiente à variabilidade da produtividade nos talhões. Os dados espectrais das imagens Landsat 7 ¿ ETM+ foram obtidos de correlações descritas na literatura estabelecidas entre o Índice de Vegetação Greenness (GVI), a banda do infravermelho próximo (B4) e a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar. A estratégia para treinamento dos ensembles foi baseada no aprendizado supervisionado aplicado a uma arquitetura Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), com uma camada escondida, método de aprendizado de 2ª ordem e feedforward. Na etapa de treinamento e validação, as redes neurais tiveram como variáveis de entrada os valores de kp, GVI e B4, e como variável de saída a produtividade, que definiram os padrões de entrada/saída. A fase de teste consistiu em implementar a metodologia em um grupo de padrões de entrada não utilizados nos treinamentos. Os resultados mostraram valores de EQM entre 0,03 e 0,51 ton/ha, enquanto que a estimativa da usina errou em média 9,93 ton/ha, o que garantiu o correto ajuste da rede neural quanto à topologia, ao número de iterações e aos algoritmos de aprendizagem. Esta etapa mostrou a capacidade de generalização da rede neural, já que os treinamentos foram realizados a partir de unidades amostrais. O estudo ratificou a aplicação desta metodologia na determinação da estimativa de produtividade de cana-deaçúcar, empregando-a como técnica complementar aos atuais métodos de estimativa agrícola, sugerindo a ampliação da escala de aplicação para o ambiente de produção da usina
Abstract: The present thesis describes a study on crop forecast. Its main purpose was to create a methodology for integrating production, spectral and meteorological data indicators through artificial neural networks, establishing correlations between vegetation index and yield coefficients, aiming at the estimate of sugarcane yield. The study was divided in two parts: the first corresponded to obtaining and organizing data in a database with input/output default; the second corresponded to the implementation and adjustment of the neural network. The study was carried out in sample production units (fields) of a sugarmill agricultural area located in the municipality of Araras-SP, Brazil. The first part consisted in obtaining yield coefficients (kp) through the inversion of the Doorenbos-Kassam (1979) agrometeorological model, based on the determination of the water balance. The result of this procedure showed the coefficient¿s sensitivity to the variability of yield within the sample fields. The spectral data of the Landsat 7 ¿ ETM+ images were obtained from correlations, available in scientific literature, between the Greenness Vegetation Index (GVI), near infrared band, and sugarcane yield. The strategy for training the neural network was based on supervised learning applied to a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) architecture, with a hidden layer, second order learning method and feedforward. For the training and validation stage, the neural network had as input variables kp, GVI and B4 values, and as output variable the yield, both obtained in the input/output database. The test stage consisted of implementing the methodology in a set of input patterns not used for the trainings. The results showed Mean Square Error (MSE) values between 0,03 and 0,51 ton/ha, while the average error of the sugarmill estimates were 9,93 ton/ha, which showed the correct adjustment of the network concerning topology, number of iterations and learning algorithms. This showed the generalization capacity of the neural network once the trainings were carried out based on sample units. The study ratified the application of this methodology for determining sugarcane yield estimate, employing it as a complementary technique to the present methods of agricultural forecast, suggesting the increase of the application scale to a broader area of the sugarmill production environment
Doutorado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

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27

Santos, Luan Alberto Odorizzi dos [UNESP]. "Contribution of marginal non-crop vegetation and semi-natural habitats to the regulation of insect pest populations by their natural enemies." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150943.

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L'expansion des zones agricoles a conduit à la perte de biodiversité due à la réduction des habitats naturels et semi-naturels dans les paysages agricoles. Avec l'augmentation de la production agricole dans le monde, des techniques écologiquement rationnelles sont de plus en plus discutées qui permettent une gestion durable des habitats environnants. Les effets de ces habitats sur la population des insectes nuisibles et de leurs ennemis naturels sont encore mal connus. L'objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre les effets des environnements naturels et semi-naturels sur la population des insectes nuisibles et des ennemis naturels dans les régions tropicales (Brésil) et tempérées (France). Au Brésil (chapitre II), on a évalué l'effet de la distance des fragments sur la population de fourmis prédatrices et omnivores dans la canne à sucre. Les résultats montrent que la richesse en espèces diminue avec la distance des fragments forestiers et que la prédominance des espèces Dorymyrmex bruneus et Pheidole oxyops augmente. Des espèces de fourmis colonisant les champs de canne à sucre ont également été trouvées dans des fragments forestiers, ce qui suggère que ces derniers habitats sont des refuges pour les espèces de fourmis prédatrices pendant les périodes de perturbation comme la récolte de la canne à sucre ou le travail du sol. Cela a été confirmé par des différences plus fortes dans les communautés de fourmis après la récolte de la canne à sucre (saison sèche) que quatre mois plus tard / (saison des pluies) quand l'absence de perturbation a permis la re-lonosiation par les fourmis. Il y avait aussi une différence dans la richesse des espèces de fourmis entre les différents types de fragments (vallées fluviales et plaines). En France, on a évalué l'effet des bandes de fleurs sauvages, de la végétation spontanée et des bandes d'herbe sur la communauté des ennemis naturels et la régulation du puceron de la pomme rosâtre Dysaphis plantaginaea (chapitre III). En ce qui concerne les principaux ennemis naturels, nos résultats ont montré une densité plus élevée de hoverflies par rapport à d'autres types de bande, mais aucune différence pour les coccinelles (coccinelidae). Cependant, aucune différence de densité naturelle de l'ennemi n'a été observée à l'intérieur des vergers. Le nombre de pucerons était plus élevé près des marges, ce qui suggère que la colonisation à partir des bandes marginales peut contrecarrer les effets régulateurs positifs des ennemis naturels. Les effets positifs de la végétation de la marge de bande sur la régulation des ravageurs de la pomme nécessitent un mouvement d'ennemis naturels dans le verger. Nous avons testé les mouvements des prédateurs généralistes en étiquetant les bandes de marge avec des protéines d'oeufs et nous avons vérifié si elles se nourrissaient d'insectes nuisibles en utilisant l'analyse de marqueurs génétiques des gènes de papillon (Cydia pomonella) à l'intérieur des prédateurs (chapitre IV). Les résultats ont montré que peu de personnes se déplaçaient des marges de champ dans le verger. Cependant, 25% des prédateurs capturés se nourrissaient de C. pomonella indiquant encore un haut niveau de régulation naturelle. En conclusion, le mouvement limité des prédateurs à partir des bandes de marges dans les vergers peut expliquer l'absence de différences entre les traitements de bandes dans la régulation des ravageurs du verger (pucerons). Les habitats naturels et semi-naturels peuvent contribuer à la lutte contre les ravageurs en marge des cultures, mais dans les vergers de pommiers cet effet a fortement diminué avec la distance.
A expansão das áreas agrícolas levou à perda de biodiversidade devido à redução dos habitats naturais e semi-naturais nas paisagens agrícolas. Com o aumento da produção agrícola no mundo, são cada vez mais discutidas técnicas ambientais que permitem uma gestão sustentável dos habitats do entorno. Os efeitos desses habitats sobre a população de insetos-pragas e seus inimigos naturais ainda são mal compreendidos. O objetivo desta tese foi compreender os efeitos dos ambientes naturais e semi-naturais na população de insetos-pragas e inimigos naturais nas regiões tropicais (Brasil) e temperadas (França). No Brasil (Capítulo II) foi avaliado o efeito da distância de fragmentos sobre a população de formigas predadoras e omnívoras em cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados mostraram que a riqueza de espécies diminui com a distância dos fragmentos florestais e que a dominância das espécies Dorymyrmex bruneus e Pheidole oxyops aumenta. As espécies de formigas que colonizam áreas de cana-de-açúcar também foram encontradas em fragmentos de florestas, sugerindo que estes últimos são abrigos para espécies de formigas predatórias durante períodos de perturbação como colheita de cana-de-açúcar ou preparo do solo. Isto foi confirmado por diferenças mais fortes nas comunidades de formigas após a colheita da cana (estação seca) do que quatro meses depois (estação chuvosa) quando a ausência de perturbação permitiu recolonização por formigas. Houve também uma diferença na riqueza de espécies de formigas entre diferentes tipos de fragmentos (vales de rios e planícies). Na França, foi avaliado o efeito de faixas de flores silvestres, vegetação espontânea e gramíneas na comunidade de inimigos naturais e a regulação do pulgão cinza Dysaphis plantaginaea (Capítulo III). No que diz respeito aos principais inimigos naturais, os nossos resultados mostraram uma maior densidade de sirfideos nas faixas de flores em comparação com outros tipos de faixas, mas nenhuma diferença para joaninha (Coccinelidae). Não foram observadas diferenças nas densidades de inimigos naturais dentro dos pomares. O número de afídeos foi maior perto das margens, sugerindo que a colonização das faixas nas margens pode neutralizar os efeitos reguladores positivos dos inimigos naturais. Os efeitos positivos da vegetação nas faixas da margem na regulação de pragas da maçã requerem um movimento de inimigos naturais no pomar. Nós testamos os movimentos de predadores generalistas marcando as faixas das margens com proteína de ovo e verificamos se eles se alimentavam de insetos pragas usando a análise de marcadores moleculares de genes de mariposas (Cydia pomonella) nos predadores (capítulo IV). Os resultados mostraram que poucos indivíduos se movimentaram das margens do campo para o pomar. No entanto, 25% dos predadores capturados alimentados com C. pomonella ainda indicam um alto nível de regulação natural. Em conclusão, o movimento limitado de predadores das faixas de plantas nas margens em pomares pode explicar a ausência de diferenças entre os tratamentos na regulação de pragas do pomar (pulgões). Habitats naturais e semi-naturais podem contribuir para o controle de pragas nas margens das culturas, mas em pomares de maçã este efeito diminuiu fortemente com a distância.
The expansion of agricultural areas has led to the loss of biodiversity due to the reduction of natural and semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes. With the increase of agricultural production in the world, environmentally sound techniques are increasingly discussed that allow a sustainable management of surrounding habitats. The effects of these habitats on the population of insect pests and their natural enemies are still poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to understand the effects of natural and semi-natural environments on the population of insect pests and natural enemies in tropical (Brazil) and temperate (France) regions. In Brazil (Chapter II) the effect of the distance of fragments on the population of predatory and omnivorous ants in sugarcane was evaluated. The results showed that the species richness decrease with distance from forest fragments and that the dominance of the species Dorymyrmex bruneus and Pheidole oxyops increase. Ant species colonizing sugarcane fields were also found in forest fragments suggesting that the latter habitats are refuges for predatory ant species during periods of disturbance such as sugarcane harvest or soil tillage. This was confirmed by stronger differences in ant communities after sugarcane harvest (dry season) than four months later (rainy season) when absence of disturbance allowed re-colonosiation by ants. There was also a difference in the richness of ant species between different fragment types (river valleys and plateaus). In France, the effect of wildflower strips, spontaneous vegetation and grass strips on the community of natural enemies and the regulation of the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginaea (Chapter III) were evaluated. Concerning major natural enemies, our results showed a higher density of hoverflies in wild flower strips compared with other strip types but no differences for ladybirds (coccinelidae). However, no differences in natural enemy densities were observed inside orchards. Aphid number was higher close to the margins suggesting that colonization from margin strips may counteract positive regulatory effects of natural enemies. Positive effects of strip margin vegetation on regulation of apple pests require a movement of natural enemies into the orchard. We tested the movements of generalist predators by labelling margin strips with egg protein and we checked whether they fed on pest insects using specific genetic marker of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) (chapter IV). The results showed that few individuals were moving from the field margins into the orchard. However, 25% of the captured predators fed on C. pomonella still indicating a high level of natural regulation. In conclusion, the limited movement of predators from margin strips into orchards may explain the absence of differences between strip treatments in orchard pest regulation (aphids). Natural and semi-natural habitats can contribute to pest control at the margins of crops, but in apple orchards this effect strongly decreased with distance.

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28

Santos, Luan Alberto Odorizzi dos. "Contribution of marginal non-crop vegetation and semi-natural habitats to the regulation of insect pest populations by their natural enemies /." Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150943.

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Orientador: Odair Aparecido Fernandes
Coorientador: Armin Bischoff
Banca: Pierre Franck
Banca: Daniel Junior de Andrade
Banca: Olivier Blight
Banca: Raphael de Campos Castilho
Abstract: The expansion of agricultural areas has led to the loss of biodiversity due to the reduction of natural and semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes. With the increase of agricultural production in the world, environmentally sound techniques are increasingly discussed that allow a sustainable management of surrounding habitats. The effects of these habitats on the population of insect pests and their natural enemies are still poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to understand the effects of natural and semi-natural environments on the population of insect pests and natural enemies in tropical (Brazil) and temperate (France) regions. In Brazil (Chapter II) the effect of the distance of fragments on the population of predatory and omnivorous ants in sugarcane was evaluated. The results showed that the species richness decrease with distance from forest fragments and that the dominance of the species Dorymyrmex bruneus and Pheidole oxyops increase. Ant species colonizing sugarcane fields were also found in forest fragments suggesting that the latter habitats are refuges for predatory ant species during periods of disturbance such as sugarcane harvest or soil tillage. This was confirmed by stronger differences in ant communities after sugarcane harvest (dry season) than four months later (rainy season) when absence of disturbance allowed re-colonosiation by ants. There was also a difference in the richness of ant species between different fragment types (ri... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Résumé: L'expansion des zones agricoles a conduit à la perte de biodiversité due à la réduction des habitats naturels et semi-naturels dans les paysages agricoles. Avec l'augmentation de la production agricole dans le monde, des techniques écologiquement rationnelles sont de plus en plus discutées qui permettent une gestion durable des habitats environnants. Les effets de ces habitats sur la population des insectes nuisibles et de leurs ennemis naturels sont encore mal connus. L'objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre les effets des environnements naturels et semi-naturels sur la population des insectes nuisibles et des ennemis naturels dans les régions tropicales (Brésil) et tempérées (France). Au Brésil (chapitre II), on a évalué l'effet de la distance des fragments sur la population de fourmis prédatrices et omnivores dans la canne à sucre. Les résultats montrent que la richesse en espèces diminue avec la distance des fragments forestiers et que la prédominance des espèces Dorymyrmex bruneus et Pheidole oxyops augmente. Des espèces de fourmis colonisant les champs de canne à sucre ont également été trouvées dans des fragments forestiers, ce qui suggère que ces derniers habitats sont des refuges pour les espèces de fourmis prédatrices pendant les périodes de perturbation comme la récolte de la canne à sucre ou le travail du sol. Cela a été confirmé par des différences plus fortes dans les communautés de fourmis après la récolte de la canne à sucre (saison sèche) que quatre mois... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)
Resumo: A expansão das áreas agrícolas levou à perda de biodiversidade devido à redução dos habitats naturais e semi-naturais nas paisagens agrícolas. Com o aumento da produção agrícola no mundo, são cada vez mais discutidas técnicas ambientais que permitem uma gestão sustentável dos habitats do entorno. Os efeitos desses habitats sobre a população de insetos-pragas e seus inimigos naturais ainda são mal compreendidos. O objetivo desta tese foi compreender os efeitos dos ambientes naturais e semi-naturais na população de insetos-pragas e inimigos naturais nas regiões tropicais (Brasil) e temperadas (França). No Brasil (Capítulo II) foi avaliado o efeito da distância de fragmentos sobre a população de formigas predadoras e omnívoras em cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados mostraram que a riqueza de espécies diminui com a distância dos fragmentos florestais e que a dominância das espécies Dorymyrmex bruneus e Pheidole oxyops aumenta. As espécies de formigas que colonizam áreas de cana-de-açúcar também foram encontradas em fragmentos de florestas, sugerindo que estes últimos são abrigos para espécies de formigas predatórias durante períodos de perturbação como colheita de cana-de-açúcar ou preparo do solo. Isto foi confirmado por diferenças mais fortes nas comunidades de formigas após a colheita da cana (estação seca) do que quatro meses depois (estação chuvosa) quando a ausência de perturbação permitiu recolonização por formigas. Houve também uma diferença na riqueza de espécies de formigas e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor

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29

Матвієнко, Є. А. "Досвід створення лісового розсадника в Холминському лісництві ДП «Холминське лісове господарство»." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20248.

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Матвієнко, Є. А. Досвід створення лісового розсадника в Холминському лісництві ДП «Холминське лісове господарство» / Є. А. Матвієнко; керівник роботи Чмель O. П.; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра аграрних технологій та лісового господарства. – Чернігів, 2020. – 59 с.
Бакалаврська дипломна робота на тему: «Досвід створення лісового розсадника в Холминському лісництві ДП «Холминське лісове господарство»» У розділі 1 обґрунтовується в загальному тема за літературними джерелами. У 2 розділі описана загальна характеристика лісництва, кліматичні умови, геоморфологія. У 3 розділі описується лісовий розсадник, декоротивні види та вказані пропозиції. Охорона праці представлена в 4 розділі. Об’єм дипло
Theme of the thesis: "The experience of establishing a forest nursery in Novoyaryrlovitsky forestry State Enterprise" Dobryanske Forestry ". Section 1 is grounded in the general theme of literary sources. Section 2 describes the general characteristics of forestry, climatic conditions, geomorphology. Section 3 describes the forest nursery, decorative species and the suggested proposals. Labor protection is presented in Section 4. Volume of thesis 59 pages of printed text, 2 figures, 11 tables, 44 sources of used literature.

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Monks, D. P. "The vegetative and reproductive development of balansa clover." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1337.

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The vegetative and reproductive development of balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum Savi.) were quantified in relation to the environmental drivers of each phenophase in field and controlled environments. In a grazed experiment over 6 years, balansa clover sown with cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) contributed 1.6 t DM/ha/year, or ~20% of the total DM production. However, grazing management for increased seed production during flowering in the establishment year strongly influenced balansa clover regeneration. The earliest closed plot (September) averaged between 2.2 and 4.3 t DM/ha/year of balansa clover across all six years. In an incubator, balansa clover required 29°Cd for germination with an optimum temperature of 14°C and a maximum of 40°C. The base temperature for germination was 0°C. A field experiment determined that 38°Cd were required for emergence with an optimum soil temperature (Topt) of 8.5°C. The time from emergence until the first leaf appeared, the phyllochron and timing of axillary leaf appearance were compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The rate of each was found to increase linearly with temperature. The balansa clover cultivar ‘Frontier’ required 97°Cd from sowing for the first leaf to appear, had a phyllochron of 47°Cd and secondary leaves appeared after 490°Cd. For each vegetative stage, the base temperature was 2.5°C. The timing of flower appearance depended on the quantity and direction of change of the photoperiod at emergence. A balansa clover plant, cv. ‘Bolta’, which emerged on 1 December into an increasing photoperiod of 15.6 hours flowered after 574°Cd (Tbase = 2.5°Cd) or 58 days after emergence. In contrast, if the plant emerged on 16 January into a similar but decreasing photoperiod it took 1503°Cd or 227 days to flower. This length of time became progressively shorter until remaining constant after the shortest day. In contrast, ‘Frontier’ took a constant 390 and 690 °Cd in increasing and decreasing photoperiods, respectively. The time which an individual inflorescence took from pollination until seeds were physiologically mature was 250 °Cd for both ‘Bolta’ and ‘Frontier’. The re-establishment of balansa clover each year relied on a large seed set (>1000 kg/ha) in the establishment year. The continued survival of balansa clover would then depend on a similar seeding event within a 4-5 year period to maintain the seed bank. Management considerations for balansa clover persistence and survival are discussed.

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Tatsiopoulou, Angeliki. "Effects of manipulation of light quality in the greenhouse environment with photoselective films on vegetative and reproductive growth of contrasting horticultural crops." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417326.

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Billman, Eric D. "EXAMINING VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF COOL-SEASON FORAGE GRASSES FOR DAIRY CATTLE GRAZING PREFERENCE." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/69.

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The objective of this study was to determine dairy cattle preference amongst four species of cool-season forage grasses: eight orchardgrasses (Dactylis glomerata L.), five tall fescues [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.], five perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne L.), and six festuloliums [xFestulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus.]; 24 cultivars in total. Each grazing trial utilized four Holstein-Friesian heifers over six hours. Maturity differences were eliminated by having animals graze only vegetative material. After six grazing trials (three each in 2014 and 2015), consistent results in animal preference were not found; three of the six trials did show preference (P

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Dillon, Kevin Alan. "Double-Crop Soybean Vegetative Growth, Seed Yield, and Yield Component Response to Agronomic Inputs in the Mid-Atlantic, USA." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49380.

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Maximizing productivity and profitability are the primary reasons for double-cropping soybean with small grain in the Mid-Atlantic, USA. Reduced double-crop yield can be attributed to: delayed planting that results in a shortened growing season and less vegetative growth; later-maturing cultivars that terminate main stem growth after flowering and have less growth and nodes; less soil moisture and plant-available nutrients due to small grain uptake; greater air and soil temperatures during vegetative stages that reduce early-season growth; and more favorable conditions for disease development during pod and seed formation. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in eastern Virginia to 1) evaluate cultivar stem growth habit, seeding rate, seed-applied inoculant, starter nitrogen (N) applied at planting, and foliar fungicide on soybean vegetative growth, total N uptake (TNU), seed yield and quality, and yield components; 2) determine the effect of starter N rate, applied with and without inoculant, on soybean vegetative growth, TNU, seed yield and quality, and yield components; and 3) evaluate the response of maturity group (MG) IV and V soybean cultivars to foliar fungicide. Greater seeding rates, inoculant, N, and fungicide typically were not required together to increase yield. Although cultivar interacted with other factors, early-maturing indeterminate 95Y01 yielded more than late-maturing determinate 95Y20 at 4 of 6 locations. Seeding rate interacted with other factors, but the greater seeding rate increased MG IV yield at 1 of 6 locations and decreased MG V yield at 2 of 6 locations. Starter N increased seed yield by 6 kg ha-1 per kg N applied until yield plateaued at 16 kg N ha-1, which continued to 31 kg N ha-1. When N rate was increased greater than 31 kg N ha-1, yield decreased. Fungicide increased yield for MG IV and V cultivars at 4 of 6 and 3 of 6 locations, respectively and prevented yield loss via mid- to late-season disease control, delayed leaf drop, and greater seed size. Optimum fungicide timing depended on environment and disease development. These data assisted in understanding agronomic inputs' combined or individual effects on double-crop soybean growth, canopy, N uptake, seed yield, and yield components.
Ph. D.

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FERREIRA, Liliane de Souza. "Potencial de esp?cies locais na diversifica??o dos agroecossistemas, como culturas de cobertura, no manejo de plantas espont?neas." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2087.

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The management of weeds is complex and comprises a major component of the production cost of most cultures. Growing cover crops is one of the forms of management to reduce weeds competing. Agrobiodiversity, including the biota and the surrounding properties, constituting a cultural and natural capital able to provide ecosystem services. In this context, we developed a study to investigate the potential of wild species Crotalaria incana (rattlesnake rattle or Xique-Xique) and Diodia saponariifolia (Poaia the swamp), which occur in a nearby landscape the Atlantic Forest fragments in the River Basin region Guapi-Macacu-RJ, as part of sustainable agro-ecosystems, constituting strategy to reduce the use of herbicides and enhancing local biodiversity. This potential was assessed in C. incana through phenological studies of plant height, crown diameter, number of branches, presence of inflorescence and number of pods along the cycle and at different times, October, January, February and March. Also evaluated in its interaction with the climate and planting dates. It was found that the planting October C. incana had the longest growing season, low seed production. In the planting in February, the performance of C. incana was good in both parameters; while planting in March, C. incana demonstrated lower performance for mass production and seeds. Preliminary assessments of total biomass and macronutrients, indicate the potential of C. incana as a cover crop that needs to be better investigated. As for D. saponariifolia, a creeping species characterized as macrophyte, evaluations were made of soil coverage percentage after its introduction, compared to the most frequently dominant families in the system, Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Subsequently evaluated the seed bank behavior in this same area after being introduced (experimental area), compared to natural area, which was already established spontaneously. We observed a cooling populations of Poaceae and Cyperaceae after the introduction D. saponariifolia. The spontaneous seed bank revealed a reduction in the expression of these families, important competitors in the system. Possible allelopathic effect of D. saponariifolia in suppressing spontaneous, was evaluated by bioassay with the soil of the natural area where D. saponariifolia prevails spontaneously. In this ground sesame seeds were germinated Sesame indicu L. () in 15-cell trays 3 treatments (T1, T2, T3). T1, activated carbon was added to neutralize allelopathic effects harmful to the development of seedlings. T2, do not add anything. In T3 (control) used a soil adjacent area without the presence of individuals D. saponariifolia. There was no significant difference in the development of seedlings in 3 treatments, indicating no evidence of allelopathic effects of D. saponariifolia on Sesame germination. We can infer that the suppression of processes D. saponariifolia are only for "muffling".
O manejo de plantas espont?neas ? complexo e comp?e um dos principais componentes do custo de produ??o da maioria das culturas. O cultivo de plantas de cobertura ? uma das formas de manejo para redu??o das plantas espont?neas competidoras. Neste contexto desenvolveu-se um estudo com objetivo de investigar o potencial das esp?cies espont?neas Crotalaria incana (Xique-Xique) e Diodia Saponariifolia (Poaia do brejo), que ocorrem em uma paisagem pr?xima a fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica, na regi?o da Bacia do Rio Guapi-Macacu-RJ, como parte integrante de agroecossistemas sustent?veis, constituindo estrat?gia para redu??o do uso de herbicidas e incremento da biodiversidade local. Este potencial foi avaliado em C. incana, atrav?s de estudos fenol?gicos de altura da planta, di?metro de copa, n?mero de ramos, presen?a de infloresc?ncia e n?mero de vagens ao longo do ciclo e em diferentes ?pocas Outubro, Janeiro, Fevereiro e Mar?o). Avaliou-se tamb?m sua intera??o com o clima e ?pocas de plantio. Constatou-se que no plantio de Outubro, C. incana teve o ciclo vegetativo mais longo, com pouca produ??o de sementes. J? no plantio em Fevereiro, o desempenho de C. incana foi bom em ambos par?metros; enquanto no plantio de Mar?o, C. incana demonstrou menor desempenho tanto para produ??o de massa como de sementes. Avalia??es preliminares de macronutrientes totais e biomassa indicam bom potencial de C. incana a ser melhor investigado. Quanto ? D. Saponariifolia, uma esp?cie rasteira caracterizada como macr?fita, foram feitas avalia??es de porcentagem de cobertura do solo ap?s sua introdu??o, comparando com as fam?lias mais frequentemente dominantes no sistema, Poaceae e Cyperaceae. Posteriormente avaliou-se o comportamento do banco de sementes nesta mesma ?rea ap?s ser introduzida (?rea experimental), comparando com ?rea natural onde j? estava estabelecida espont?neamente. Observou-se um arrefecimento das popula??es de Poaceae e Cyperaceae ap?s a introdu??o D. saponariifolia. O banco de sementes de espont?neas revelou uma redu??o na express?o destas fam?lias e de Asteraceae, importantes competidoras no sistema. Poss?vel efeito alelop?tico de D. saponariifolia na supress?o de espont?neas, foi avaliado atrav?s de biosensaio com o solo da ?rea natural, onde D. saponariifolia predomina espontaneamente. Neste solo foram germinadas sementes de Sesamo indicu L. (Gergelim) em bandejas de 15 c?lulas, com 3 tratamentos (T1,T2,T3). Em T1, adicionou-se carv?o ativado, que neutralizaria efeitos alelop?ticos prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento das pl?ntulas. Em T2, n?o se adicionou nada. Em T3 (controle) utilizou-se um solo da ?rea adjacente, sem presen?a de indiv?duos de D. saponariifolia. N?o houve diferen?a significativa no desenvolvimento das pl?ntulas nos 3 tratamentos, indicando n?o haver evid?ncias de efeitos alelop?ticos de D. saponariifolia na germina??o de Gergelim. Podemos inferir que os processos de supress?o de D. saponariifolia sejam apenas por ?abafamento?.

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Freire, Robson Rangel. "Diagnóstico da produção de mudas em viveiros registrados e propagação vegetativa da pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) no Norte do Espírito Santo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5600.

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The cultivation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) for commercial purposes, in the State of Espírito Santo, began in the 70s, being the cv. Bragantina currently the most representative among crops in this State. The urge to keep its status in the cultivation of this specific kind of spice demands, urgently, further studies and therefore, thorough research using appropriate technologies for the region. In this sense the quality of mother plants begins with the production of seedlings of excellence. Despite the experience of the greenhouse workers in the region to produce nursery plants by cuttings, the steps in this process should be thoroughly inspected to ensure maximum efficiency. The study aimed to investigate the system of production of black pepper cuttings, including the efficiency of substrates used in the nurseries. It was requested to the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) the location of nurseries in accordance with applicable law and based on the information provided technical visits were made to 11 nurseries, recorded through a questionnaire. Samples of the substrates used in the production of seedlings were collected. The responses from the questionnaires were tabulated and converted into graphs of relative frequency for better contextualization of the situation, and the substrates were used to assemble a factorial experiment 11 (substrates) x 2 (presence or absence of 3-butyric acid (IBA)) aiming to evaluate the rooting of black pepper grow Bragantina conducted in randomized block design with four replications of 16 cuttings in a greenhouse located in the Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, in São Mateus-ES. It was found that there is no uniformity in seedling production, in the nurseries infrastructure nor the techniques used. The differences are related to the origin of the parental plants, plant propagation, and management for seedling growth, ensuring, through analysis, the difference in chemical composition, physical and biological substrates of, mainly influenced by the diversity of the source of organic matter and the use or not of lime and fertilizers. It was concluded that, despite all the nurseries are registered at the Registro Nacional de Sementes e Mudas (RENASEM) and comply with the legal requirements in force, we still need to research and study the differences so that the production of black pepper cuttings can exceed its excellence in results. The quality of the rooting of black pepper on the substrates used by nurserymen, was statistically analyzed by multiple comparisons (Tukey or Scott-Knott in 5% level of probability), and it was found significant increase in the percentage of rooting with the use of IBA and also a reasonable difference in the quality of the rooting between substrates
O cultivo da pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) para fins comerciais, no Espírito Santo, iniciou-se na década de 70, sendo hoje a cv. Bragantina a mais representativa nas lavouras capixabas. A pipericultura no Espirito Santo necessita urgente de estudos e pesquisas para continuar a ser destaque de produtividade, com tecnologias apropriadas para a região. Neste sentido a qualidade das plantas matrizes inicia-se com a produção de mudas de excelência. Apesar da experiência dos viveiristas da região em produzirem mudas por estaquia, as etapas deste processo devem ser muito bem inspecionadas para garantir o máximo de eficiência. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar o sistema de produção de mudas de pimenteira-do-reino e a qualidade dos substratos utilizados nos viveiros. Foi solicitado ao Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) a localização de viveiros em conformidade com a legislação pertinente, e mediante as informações prestadas foram realizadas visitas técnicas a 11 viveiros, registradas por meio de um questionário. Coletaram-se amostras dos substratos utilizados na produção de mudas. As respostas dos questionários foram tabeladas e transformadas em gráficos de frequência relativa para melhor contextualização da situação. Os mesmos substratos foram utilizados para montar um experimento fatorial 11 (substratos) x 2 (presença e ausência de ácido-3-indolbutírico (AIB), visando avaliar o enraizamento de estacas de pimenteira-do-reino cv. Bragantina, que foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições de 16 estacas, na casa de vegetação localizada no Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, no município de São Mateus-ES. Constatou-se que não existe uniformidade na produção de mudas, na infraestrutura dos viveiros e nas técnicas utilizadas. As diferenças estão relacionadas à origem das plantas matrizes, ao material propagativo, e ao manejo durante o crescimento das mudas, ficando confirmada pelas análises, diferenças na composição química, física e biológica dos substratos, influenciadas, principalmente, pela diversidade da fonte de matéria orgânica e a utilização ou não de corretivos e adubações. Conclui-se que, apesar de todos os viveiros serem registrados no Registro Nacional de Sementes e Mudas (RENASEM) e estarem em conformidade com as exigências legais em vigência, ainda é necessário pesquisar e estudar as divergências para que a produção de mudas de pimenteira-do-reino possa alcançar a excelência nos resultados. A qualidade do enraizamento de estacas de pimenteira-do-reino nos substratos utilizados pelos viveiristas, foi analisada estatisticamente por testes de médias (Tukey ou Scott-Knott em nível de 5% de probabilidade), e constatou-se aumento significativo na porcentagem de enraizamento com a aplicação de ácido indolbutírico, e diferença significativa na qualidade do enraizamento entre os substratos

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Dias, Chrislene Nojosa. "Strawberry crop under different conditions of environments and biofertilizer doses the region of Massif de Baturite, CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11880.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
In the Brazilian scenario Strawberry culture is presented as an alternative crop , because it fits in regions of temperate , subtropical and tropical climate, and is an important production chain , from an economic and social perspective. The cultivation in protected environment emerged as an ally in creating a more favorable microclimate production, controlling climate variations at different locations and times of planting. Allied to the environment, fertilization via biofertilizer doses, may contribute to nutrition, establishment and growth of strawberry production. In this approach, the biofertilizer has been presented as an alternative that has been adopted in agriculture as an option of reusing waste without proper destination in the properties. In this context, we conducted a job in the Experimental Farm of the University of International Integration Lusophone African- Brazilian ( UNILAB ), located at Sitio PiroÃs, municipality of RedenÃÃo, CearÃ, in the Massif Baturite, from September 2013 to January 2014, with the objective of evaluating the effects of different cultivation environments and doses of biofertilizer on growth, nutrition, yield and quality of strawberry Oso Grande, and generate technology to be diffused over the handling of the strawberry crop conditions edaphoclimatic of the Massif Baturite region. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with split plot design with four replications. The plots consisted of two cropping systems (under greenhouse and field craft) and subplots consisted of five doses of liquid biofertilizer equivalent to 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600 mL plant - 1 week - 1. Climatic characteristics of the site, nutritional soil and leaf tissue as a function of different doses of biofertilizer, and still vegetative characteristics of productivity and quality were analyzed. The strawberry crop in greenhouse conditions handmade showed highest yield (10.734 kg ha - 1), in relation to cultivation in open field (9.629 kg ha - 1). The biofertilizer can be used as a source of nutrients in the cultivation of strawberries in open field conditions, cultivar Oso Grande, meeting the demands of culture. The nutrient content in soil and leaves showed significant increases with the application of doses of biofertilizer, contributing to the health of plants. The vegetative characteristics of plants and post- harvest fruit grown in open field conditions showed higher values compared to cultivation in greenhouse condition artisanal, indicating that the temperature and luminosity affects such characteristics. The strawberry crop at conditions of the Massif Baturite - CearÃ in months with milder temperatures get higher productivity.
No cenÃrio brasileiro a cultura do Morangueiro apresenta-se como uma alternativa de cultivo, pois se adapta em regiÃes de clima temperado, subtropical e tropical, e representa uma importante cadeia produtiva, do ponto de vista econÃmico e social. O cultivo em ambiente protegido desponta como um aliado na criaÃÃo de um microclima mais favorÃvel a produÃÃo, controlando variaÃÃes climÃticas em diferentes locais e Ãpocas de plantio. Aliado ao ambiente, a adubaÃÃo via doses de biofertilizante, pode contribuir para a nutriÃÃo, estabelecimento e incremento produtivo do morangueiro. Nesse enfoque, o biofertilizante tem se apresentado como uma alternativa que vem sendo adotada na agricultura como opÃÃo de reaproveitamento de resÃduos sem destinaÃÃo adequada nas propriedades. Neste contexto, foi conduzido um trabalho na Ãrea da Fazenda Experimental da Universidade da IntegraÃÃo Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), localizada no SÃtio PiroÃs, municÃpio de RedenÃÃo, CearÃ, no MaciÃo de BaturitÃ, no perÃodo de setembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes ambientes de cultivo e de doses de biofertilizante no crescimento, nutriÃÃo, produtividade e qualidade do morangueiro Oso Grande, e gerar tecnologia, para ser difundida, sobre o manejo do cultivo do morangueiro nas condiÃÃes edafoclimÃticas da regiÃo do MaciÃo de BaturitÃ. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetiÃÃes. As parcelas foram constituÃdas de dois sistemas de cultivo (sob telado artesanal e a campo aberto) e as subparcelas foram constituÃdas por cinco doses de biofertilizante lÃquido equivalentes a 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600 mL planta-1 semana-1. Foram analisadas as caracterÃsticas climÃticas do local, nutricionais do solo e do tecido foliar em funÃÃo das doses diferenciadas de biofertilizante, vegetativas e ainda caracterÃsticas de produtividade e qualidade. O cultivo do morangueiro em condiÃÃes de telado artesanal apresentou maior produtividade (10.734 kg ha-1), em relaÃÃo ao cultivo em campo aberto (9.629 kg ha-1). O Biofertilizante pode ser utilizado como fonte de nutrientes no cultivo do morango em condiÃÃes de campo aberto, cultivar Oso Grande, atendendo as exigÃncias da cultura. Os teores de nutrientes no solo e nas folhas apresentaram incrementos significativos com a aplicaÃÃo de doses de biofertilizante, contribuindo para a sanidade das plantas. As caracterÃsticas vegetativas das plantas e de pÃs-colheita dos frutos cultivados em condiÃÃes de campo aberto apresentaram maiores valores em relaÃÃo ao cultivo em condiÃÃo de telado artesanal, indicando que a temperatura e a luminosidade afeta tais caracterÃsticas. O cultivo do morangueiro nas condiÃÃes edafoclimÃticas do MaciÃo de BaturitÃ-CearÃ em meses com temperaturas mais amenas, obterÃ maior produtividade.

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Toureiro, Célia do Carmo. "Procedimentos e metodologias para uma gestão integrada da água em grandes áreas de regadio: modelação com técnicas de detecção remota." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16047.

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Mediante a utilização de tecnologias de deteção remota, integram-se diferentes fontes de dados da atmosfera e das culturas (imagens da superfície cultivada obtidas por satélite ou por plataforma aérea não tripulada), com os quais se monitorizam, com elevada resolução espacial e temporal, as necessidades hídricas das culturas, calculando a evapotranspiração cultural (ETc), indicadores biofísicos e índices de stress hídrico da vegetação (NDVI, Kc*, Kcb*, CWSI), que indicam a oportunidade e a dotação da rega, facilitando uma eficiente gestão da água, num regadio sustentável. A análise aplicou-se na área regional do Perímetro de Rega do Divor, tendo utilizado 7 parcelas experimentais, que são áreas regadas por rampas rotativas com a cultura do milho, cuja condução agrícola foi da responsabilidade dos respetivos agricultores. A tecnologia baseada nas imagens obtidas por satélite parece conjugar-se bem com a utilização de sensores (ou câmaras fotográficas), em plataformas voadoras a baixa altitude, resolvendo estas os problemas, inerentes à informação de satélite, nomeadamente à elevada periodicidade e à dependência da nebulosidade. Toda esta informação é georreferenciada, podendo servir de suporte à elaboração em SIG de mapas da situação hídrica e da oportunidade de rega das culturas, que poderão servir de base a um sistema de avisos de rega aos agricultores e gestão da rega no perímetro ou grande região de regadio; ABSTRACT:Through the use of remote sense technologies, data from different sources of the atmosphere and crops are integrated (images of the cultivated surface obtained by satellite or by flying unmanned platform), with which crop water requirements are monitored with high spatial and temporal resolution, by calculating evapotranspiration (ETc), biophysical indicators and indices of water stress of vegetation (NDVI, Kc, Kcb, CWSI), indicating the opportunity and the allocation of irrigation, facilitating an efficient water management for a sustainable irrigated agriculture. The analysis applied to Irrigated District of Divor, having used 7 experimental plots, which are areas watered by center-pivot systems, cultivated to corn, the agricultural driving having been the responsibility of the respective farmers. The technology based on satellite images seems to combine well with the use of sensors (or cameras), located on low altitude flying platforms, by solving some problems inherent to satellite information, in particular to the low frequency and the dependence of cloud cover. All this information is referenced, and can support the preparation of maps with GIS technology, describing water situation and opportunity of watering crops, which could serve as a basis for a farmers irrigation advice system and the region or the large perimeter irrigation management.

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Dunn, Ingrid. "Structure, Composition, and Regeneration of Cross Timbers Forest Fragments in Different Land Use Contexts." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799466/.

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Throughout its current range, the Cross Timbers forest ecosystem is vulnerable to land-use change. In this study, we examined the surrounding land use matrix on the vegetation structure, composition and regeneration of six Cross Timbers forest fragments in Denton County, Texas (north of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex). Two fragments adjacent to agricultural land, two to residential neighborhoods, and two formally protected forest sites were selected. In summer 2015, five 100 m2 plots were randomly established in each fragment at least 200 meters from the edge. In each plot, all live and dead trees ≥ 3 cm diameter were identified and their height and diameter at breast height (DBH at 1.3 m aboveground) measured. Evidence of dumping (presence of trash) was recorded as an index of human frequentation. Differences in vegetation structure among the forest fragments were found. Most notably, fragments adjacent to agriculture contained 25% to 50% fewer trees per hectare than all other sites (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.02), especially trees <10 cm DBH. However, residential fragments had fewer trees that were ≥15 cm DBH compared to the other fragments, indicating that these are the youngest of the forest patches surveyed. Trash was observed in 60% of plots surveyed at residential forest sites, showing high levels of human frequentation compared to the protected and agricultural forest sites. Agricultural sites contained the lowest number of recorded tree species and were most similar to each other, sharing 91% of species. These findings indicate that surrounding land use affects forest structure and composition, consequently affecting valuable ecosystem services including wildlife habitat, aesthetics and recreation.

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Cunningham, Russell Andrew. "EFFECTS OF REGENERATION OPENING SIZE AND SIMULATED CROP TREE RELEASE ON VOLUME YIELDS AND ECONOMIC VALUE IN OAK-DOMINATED STANDS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/19.

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Patch clearcutting can be put to effective use for landowners with relatively small stands of timber. This project was designed to determine how clearcut opening size and mid-rotation crop tree release affects the value and volume of sawtimber at the end of rotation. In 1960 patch clearcuts were established in three different diameters, 50ft (.05ac), 150ft (.41ac), and 250ft (1.13ac). Current stand data (2011) was collected to determine trees per acre, basal area, average tree diameter, volume, and value. These data were input into a growth simulator to determine future trees per acre, basal area, average tree diameter, volume, and value with a crop tree release treatment and a control to 2061. The 50ft openings yielded little merchantable volume at mid-rotation and were primarily composed by shade tolerant species. In the 150ft and 250ft openings, there was better species diversity and an increase in sawtimber volume and value. Using openings of 150ft or greater, landowners can regenerate commercially important species and manage their forests to produce valued timber and maintain aesthetics.

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Marambe, Kodippili Arachchilage Yahampath Anuruddha Marambe. "Monitoring Crop Evapotranspiration in the Western Lake Erie Basin Using Optical Sensors." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1535362877977252.

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Ramme, Fernando Luiz Prochnow. "Perfis temporais NDVI e sua relação com diferentes tipos de ciclos vegetativos da cultura da cana-de-açucar." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256990.

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Orientadores: Rubens Augusto Camargo Lamparelli, Jansle Vieira Rocha
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T21:23:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramme_FernandoLuizProchnow_D.pdf: 9393591 bytes, checksum: a6d5183861f5be0ab0ed23ba7a8838da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre as fases do crescimento da cana-de-açúcar com as formas de curvas do perfil temporal do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada - NDVI, obtidas a partir do sensor remoto orbital MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer - MODIS, na região de estudo. A avaliação desta relação é realizada utilizando-se técnicas de sensoriamento remoto para a geração do perfil temporal do NDVI, ao longo do ciclo de desenvolvimento fenológico da cana-soca, nas maturações Precoce, Média e Tardia. Os talhões de cana-soca analisados foram agrupados de acordo com a variedade, solo, data de plantio e corte, e contigüidade. A visualização gráfica das formas de curvas analisadas é realizada através de aplicativo, desenvolvido neste trabalho na linguagem de programação Java, e do sistema gerenciador de banco de dados PostgreSQL. O aplicativo realiza a filtragem de ruídos presentes nas imagens, composição na resolução temporal de 8 dias, através dos dados da banda de controle de qualidade do produto MOD09Q1, realiza a eliminação de valores discrepantes ao longo do perfil temporal do NDVI para a safra analisada, corrige as influências dos períodos de corte e rebrota da cana-soca, e propicia a suavização da forma de curva através do filtro Savitzky-Golay. Três janelas temporais de monitoramento da cultura são apresentadas neste trabalho. Cada janela temporal é determinada em função do tipo de maturação da cultura, do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) ao longo do ciclo fenológico da cana-soca e do comportamento na evolução do perfil temporal do NDVI. Concluiu-se que na região de estudo, diferentes maturações são caracterizadas por diferentes formas de curvas do perfil temporal do NDVI
Abstract: The objective of the work was to evaluate the relationship among the phases of the growth of the sugarcane with the forms of curves of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI temporal profile, obtained from remote sensor orbital MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer - MODIS, in the study area. The evaluation of this relationship is accomplished by using of the techniques of remote sensing to generate the NDVI profile, along the phenological development phase of stubble-cane, in the Carly, Medium and Late maturations. The fields of stubble-cane analyzed were contained in agreement with the variety, soil, planting date and cut, and proximity. The graphic visualization of curves shape analyzed is accomplished through application, developed in this work in the Java programming language, and of the PostgreSQL system database manager. The application accomplishes the filtering of present noises in the images, composition in the temporal resolution of 8 days, through the data of the band of quality control of the MOD09Q1 product, accomplishes the elimination of outliers along the NDVI temporal profile for the culture analyzed, corrects the influences of the cut periods and regrowth of the stubble-cane, and propitiates the smoothing in the curve shape through the filter Savitzky-Golay. Three temporal windows of culture monitoring are presented in this work. Each temporal window is determined in function of the type of crop maturation, of the culture coefficient (Kc) along the phenological development phase of stubble-cane and of the behavior in the evolution of the NDVI profile. It concluded that in the study area, different maturations are characterized by different forms of NDVI profile curves
Doutorado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

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Makaudze, Ephias M. "Do seasonal climate forecasts and crop insurance really matter for smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe? Using contingent valuation method and remote sensing applications." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110389049.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 155 p.; also includes map, graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-155). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Tkáč, Matěj. "Úprava toku – Luha v Jeseníku n/Odrou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226142.

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The object of this Master`s thesis is the river training of the Luha river in Jeseník nad Odrou. The thesis is divided into several chapters. In the theoretical introduction, the problems of the sediment flow regime are discussed. Moreover, it deals with the questions associated with the roughness in open channels and adjustment of riparian zones. As a part of the overall proposal of the flow adjustment, the hydraulically most suitable cross section in cunette is proposed. It is done with respect to the desired velocity ratios in the profile. Since the new cunette shape was established, the adjustment of vertical alignment was proposed. The thesis also contains the capacity assessment of the existing channel. Design of adjustment of flood protection measures includes mainly spatial rearrangement and increase the crest of levees with respect to the local conditions. The thesis also suggests the placement of vegetation in the riparian zones. Furhermore, the work deals with problems arising from the flow adjustment considering applicable laws and regulations of the Czech Republic. In the case of project implementation, it is necessary to evaluate these problems independently.

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Романець, О. А. "Оптимізація технології вирощування кукурудзи в умовах господарства ТОВ «Біокарт-Агро»." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/25091.

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Романець, О. А. Оптимізація технології вирощування кукурудзи в умовах господарства ТОВ «Біокарт-Агро» : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 201 "Агрономія" / О. А. Романець ; керівник роботи Л. А. Шевченко ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра аграрних технологій та лісового господарства. – Чернігів, 2021. – 51 с.
В дипломній роботі використані дані польових досліджень. Мета роботи дослідити вплив мінеральних добрив на ріст, розвиток, урожайність і якість зерна кукурудзи. На основі проведення експериментальних досліджень в умовах господарства зроблений висновок про удосконалення елементів технології вирощування сучасних гібридів кукурудзи за удобрення дозою N175P42K42 кг д.р./га. Пропозиції, що наведені в дипломній роботі можуть бути рекомендовані господарствам області для підвищення врожайності та рівня рентабельності при вирощуванні даної культури.
Thesis topic: Optimization of corn growing technology in the conditions of the farm "Biocard-Agro".Field research data are used in the thesis. The aim of the work is to investigate the influence of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, yield and quality of corn grain. On the basis of conducting experimental research in the conditions of economy the conclusion on improvement of elements of technology of cultivation of modern hybrids of corn on fertilizer with a dose of N175P42K42 kg d.r./ha is made. The proposals presented in the thesis can be recommended to farms in the region to increase yields and profitability in the cultivation of this crop.

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45

Pettersson, C. G. "Predicting malting barley protein concentration : based on canopy reflectance and site characteristics /." Uppsala : Dept. of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200756.pdf.

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Swoish, Michael Joseph. "Technological Innovations for Mid-Atlantic Cropping Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104449.

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Greater projected demand for food, fuel, and fiber will require substantial increases in global agricultural production over the next three decades. Climate change is also forecasted to make weather events more extreme and variable. Efficiency will become more important as demand for food products increases and the availability of fertilizer and land decreases. Technology may be of paramount importance for pushing the boundaries of production while remaining sustainable for generations to come. The first chapter of this dissertation investigated the importance of rate and timing of the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl to malting barley in Virginia. Plant growth regulators can help plants remain upright during strong winds, thereby preserving grain quality and yield. However, this study demonstrated that risks of plant injury also exist. Application should be restricted to fields with greater risk of lodging and made only after the barley crop has broken dormancy and a substantial increase in air temperature is not forecasted in the week following application. Chapter two compared the efficacy of eight vegetation indices calculated from three satellites (Landsat 8, Sentinel 2, and Planet) for estimating cover crop biomass. Cover crops can have beneficial effects on agricultural land as well as groundwater and surface water, but only when adequate biomass is established to reduce erosion and nutrient leaching. Satellite imagery was able to estimate multi-species cover crop biomass more accurately than field-based sensors, although the most accurate vegetation index was dependent upon which satellite was being tested. Chapter three investigated the potential of Arabidopsis thaliana ipk1-, a loss-of-function mutant which exhibits decreased growth at elevated phosphorus concentration, for serving as in indicator of plant available phosphorus. An indicator crop could provide greater spatial resolution compared to soil testing, as well as represent plant available nutrients as opposed to chemically extracted nutrient estimations. Plant response exhibited a quadratic relationship with media P concentration in the range of fertilizer decision making for maize, providing valuable insight for potential yield response in agricultural fields below 'very high' phosphorus concentration.
Doctor of Philosophy
Climate change, increased demand for locally sourced ingredients, and elevated pressure for environmentally responsible practices will make meeting the growing demand for food difficult for farmers to achieve over the next few decades. Similar to many other industries, implementation of advanced technology may be necessary to keep up with agricultural demand. Plant growth regulators are one such technology which when applied to plants can cause them to remain short, decreasing the chance of blowing over during windstorms. However, chapter one of this dissertation concluded that risks of plant injury also exist when applying plant growth regulator on malting barley (for brewing or distilling). Application should be restricted to fields with greater risk of wind damage (e.g. taller barley) and made only after the barley crop begins spring growth and a decrease in air temperature is not forecasted in the week following application. Chapter two compared eight spectral vegetation indices across three satellites with different image resolution for their ability to estimate cover crop biomass. Cover crops protect groundwater and surface water quality, but only when adequate growth is achieved. Satellite imagery was able to estimate multi-species cover crop biomass more accurately than field-based sensors, although the most accurate vegetation index was dependent upon which satellite was being tested. Chapter three investigated the potential of Arabidopsis thaliana ipk1-, a loss-of-function mutant which exhibits decreased growth at elevated phosphorus concentration, as in indicator of plant available phosphorus in soil. An indicator crop could help determine which areas of a field are likely to have increased crop yield if fertilized and which are not. The mutant tested could be useful as an indicator crop given its response to phosphorus concentration, warranting further research with other plant species more appropriate for field use.

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Pellet, Gilles. "Phytoécologie, phytosociologie et potentialités fourragères des pelouses d'altitude en Oisans (Alpes françaises) : application à la vallée du Chazelet (la Grave, Hautes-Alpes)." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10126.

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Nous abordons une description ecologique et une interpretation phytosociologique des paturages de la vallee du chazelet. Une comparaison bibliographique avec diverses monographies placees dans les alpes internes francaises nous permet de placer notre territoire dans un contexte biogeographique plus general. En relation avec l'activite agricole (fauchage et paturage), nous determinons les potentialites fourrageres des pelouses selon leur appartenance phytosociologique. Une cartographie illustre ce point en vue d'une gestion rentable mais preservatrice des alpages. Enfin, l'utilisation simultanee de deux modes d'echantillonage de la vegetation nous a permis de realiser une comparaison methodologique pour l'estimation des qualites pastorales d'une pelouse

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Edesi, J. (Jaanika). "The effect of light spectral quality on cryopreservation success of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) shoot tips in vitro." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219219.

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Abstract Cryopreservation enables storage of genetic resources at ultra-low temperatures (<-150°C) while maintaining viability and regeneration capability. The method is especially suitable for long-term preservation of plant materials that cannot be stored as seeds. The genetic resources of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), one of the most important food crops in the world, are preserved almost entirely by vegetative preservation. Cryopreservation is therefore increasingly applied for securing potato genetic resources in plant genebanks. A major challenge is, however, that recovery percentages can extensively vary among different genotypes. Light spectral quality is among the most important factors affecting plant growth and morphogenesis, but its effect with regard to cryopreservation has not been studied. In the present thesis, I studied the effect of six different light qualities on cryopreservation success of five potato cultivars before and after cryopreservation. I also explored how the different light conditions affect gene transcript abundance of recovering potato shoot tips. The results indicate that light spectral quality significantly affects the cryopreservation success of potato shoot tips in vitro. Prior to cryopreservation, cultivation under blue LEDs resulted in high initial survival, while post-cryopreservation exposure to a combination of red and blue LEDs (90% red, 10% blue) doubled the regeneration percentages. Concurrently, for most cultivars, red LEDs had adverse effects both before and after cryopreservation. The transcriptome analysis of potato shoot tips revealed the complex and extensive effect of cryopreservation on transcript abundance. Moreover, the expression level of stress- and defence-responsive genes was affected by light spectral quality. The positive effect of red-blue LEDs on shoot formation could tentatively be associated with a higher level of morphogenesis-related transcripts and lower level of stress and defence-responsive transcripts. The present thesis reveals that light spectral quality is an additional non-cryogenic factor, which can significantly increase the cryopreservation efficiency of plant germplasm
Tiivistelmä Syväjäädytys mahdollistaa geenivarojen säilytyksen erittäin alhaisissa lämpötiloissa (<-150°C), siten että niiden elin- ja uusiutumiskyky säilyvät. Menetelmä soveltuu erityisesti sellaisten kasvimateriaalien pitkäaikaissäilytykseen, joita ei voida säilöä siementen avulla. Peruna (Solanum tuberosum L.) on yksi maailman tärkeimmistä ruokakasveista ja sen geenivaroja säilytetään lähes pelkästään vegetatiivisesti. Syväjäädytysmenetelmää käytetäänkin kasvavissa määrin perunan geenivarojen taltioimiseen geenipankeissa. Haasteena on kuitenkin syväjäädytyksen jälkeinen suuri vaihtelu elpymisprosenteissa eri genotyyppien välillä. Valon laatu on yksi tärkeimmistä kasvien kasvuun ja kehitykseen vaikuttavista tekijöistä, mutta sen vaikutusta syväjäädytyksen yhteydessä ei ole tutkittu. Väitöskirjassani tutkin kuuden erilaisen valonlaadun vaikutusta sekä syväjäädytystä edeltävän että sen jälkeisen kasvatuksen aikana viiden perunalajikkeen selviytymiseen. Lisäksi tutkin, miten erilaiset valo-olosuhteet vaikuttivat geenien ilmenemiseen elpyvissä perunan versonkärjissä. Tutkimukseni osoitti, että valon laatu vaikuttaa merkittävästi perunan versonkärkien kykyyn elpyä syväjäädytyksestä in vitro -olosuhteissa. Kun perunan versonkärkiä kasvatettiin sinisten LED-valojen alla ennen syväjäädytystä, niiden elävyysprosentit olivat korkeita, kun taas syväjäädytystä seuraava kasvatus sinipunaisten LED-valojen (90 % punaista, 10 % sinistä) alla kaksinkertaisti uusiutumisprosentit. Samanaikaisesti suurimmalle osalle lajikkeista punaisilla LED-valoilla oli epäsuotuisat vaikutukset selviytymiseen sekä syväjäädytystä edeltävän, että sitä seuraavan kasvatuksen aikana. Perunan kärkisilmujen geeniekspressioanalyysi osoitti, että syväjäädyttäminen aiheuttaa laajoja ja monitahoisia vaikutuksia kasvin geenien toiminnassa. Valon laatu vaikutti erityisesti stressi- ja puolustusgeenien ilmenemiseen. Tulokset viittaavat siihen että sinipunaisten LED-valojen uusiutumista edistävä vaikutus voi liittyä morfogeneesissä toimivien geenituotteiden runsauteen ja toisaalta stressi- ja puolustusgeenituotteiden määrän laskuun. Kaiken kaikkiaan tutkimukseni osoitti, että valon laatu on tärkeä ei-kryogeeninen tekijä, joka voi lisätä kasvien syväjäädytyksen tehokkuutta

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Hickey, Cain Charles. "Vines of different capacity and water status alter the sensory perception of Cabernet Sauvignon wines." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42667.

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Reducing disease and increasing fruit quality in vigorous vineyards with dense canopies is demanding of time and resources; unfortunately, vineyards of this nature are common in humid environments. This study investigated the effectiveness with which vine capacity and water status could be regulated as well as if they related to fruit quality and wine sensory perception. The treatments regulating vine size and water status were under-trellis groundcover, root manipulation, rootstocks, and irrigation. Treatments were arranged in a strip-split-split plot design before the introduction of the irrigation treatment resulted in incomplete replication in each block. Treatment levels were under-trellis cover crop (CC) compared to under-trellis herbicide (Herb); root restriction bags (RBG) compared to no root manipulation (NRM); three compared rootstocks (101-14, 420-A, riparia Gloire); low water stress (LOW) compared to high water stress (HIGH). Vines grown with RBG and CC regulated vegetative growth more so than conventional treatments, resulting in 56% and 23% greater cluster exposure flux availability (CEFA). High water stress (HIGH) and RBG reduced stem water potential and discriminated less against 13C. Vines grown with RBG and CC consistently reduced harvest berry weight by 17 and 6% compared to conventional treatments. Estimated phenolics were consistently increased by RBG and were correlated with berry weight, vine capacity and CEFA. Sensory attributes were significantly distinguishable between wines produced from vines that differed in both vine capacity and water status, amongst other responses. Treatments have been identified that can alter the sensory perception of wines, with the potential to improve wine quality.
Master of Science

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Bednář, Jiří. "Bytový dům ve svahu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226789.

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The aim of my master's thesis is a project of a new apartment building on a sloped site at a level of the documentation for the structure realization. The building is partly basement with four above-ground floor. Individual floors up recede and are roofed with flat roofs. The structural system of the basement part is made up of permanent shuttering and the above-ground part is made up wall of cross laminated timber construction panels KLH. The project of the building is in accordance with the development plan of Kopřivnice and with the current street built. The work puts great emphasis on layout including security of the construction in terms of statics, architecture, energy savings and safety at utilizing the structure.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vegetation and crops'

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