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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vegetables – Analysis'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mhlauli, Ntuthuzelo Columbus. "Growth analysis and soil water balance of selected vegetable crops." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26200.

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Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document
Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Horticulture Science))--University of Pretoria, 2000.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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2

Myers, James A. "Analysis of packaging based determinant attributes for minimally processed vegetables : a foodservice end-use study /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11591.

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3

Ogle, Britta M. "Wild vegetables and micronutrient nutrition : Studies on the significance of wild vegetables in women's diets in Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5068-7/.

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4

Haji, Jema. "Economic efficiency and marketing performance of vegetable production in the eastern and central parts of Ethiopia /." Uppsala : Dept. of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200817.pdf.

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5

LeCoultre, Trent David. "A meta-analysis and risk assessment of heavy metal uptake in common garden vegetables." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1107101-131704/unrestricted/LeCoultret112101a.pdf.

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6

LeCoultre, T. D., and Phillip R. Scheuerman. "A Metal-Analysis and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Uptake in Common Garden Vegetables." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2001. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2927.

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7

Iborra, Bernad María del Consuelo. "Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32953.

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Los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron comparar el efecto de tres técnicas de cocción en varios vegetales y su selección para cada producto estudiado. Para ello, los trabajos realizados han considerado los cambios en las propiedades físico-químicas, nutricionales, sensoriales y la microestructura. Asimismo, como respuesta al reto de aplicar tratamientos equivalentes en firmeza con diferentes técnicas de cocción se ha propuesto una metodología que combina los diseños experimentales de superficie respuesta (RSM) con análisis instrumentales y sensoriales. Los tratamientos térmicos estudiados fueron la cocción tradicional (TC¿ agua hirviendo a 100 °C) junto con dos tratamientos que utilizan el vacío en el procesado: el cook-vide (CV¿ cocción a vacío continuo donde los alimentos están en contacto con agua hirviendo a baja presión) y el sous-vide (SV¿ cocción de alimentos previamente embolsados a vacío donde el alimento está separado del agua de cocción). Los vegetales objeto de estudio fueron la patata morada (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte), la judía verde (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Estefania), la zanahoria (Daucus carota L. cv. Nantesa) y la col lombarda (o repollo colorado) (Brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata f. rubra). Considerando muestras con firmeza instrumental similar y las propiedades nutricionales y sensoriales (especialmente aroma y sabor), incluyendo la aceptación del consumidor, se recomienda la cocción SV para los vegetales estudiados, excepto para la zanahoria. En el caso de este vegetal el cocinado tradicional (100 °C) mantiene la aceptabilidad del consumidor y aumenta la extracción de los ß-carotenos por lo que se considera más recomendable que el SV.
Iborra Bernad, MDC. (2013). Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32953
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8

Enkerlin, Hoeflich Walther Raul. "Economic analysis of management for the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268030.

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9

Chen, Qidan, and 陈奇丹. "Hyphenation of quantum dots-mediated photodetection and continuous microevaporation with capillary electrophoresis for determination ofpesticide residues and acrylamide in vegetables and food." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45194191.

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10

Mourao, Isabel de Maria Cardoso Gonsalves. "Analysis of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) growth and development in response to microclimate under direct plastic film crop covers." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262637.

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11

Stuart, Iain A. "Studies in the application of supercritical fluid extraction to carbamate insecticide residue analysis." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388284.

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12

Pallone, Juliana Azevedo Lima 1977. "Folatos em vegetais - influencia do tipo de cultivo e do processamento." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254296.

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Orientador: Helena Teixeira Godoy
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pallone_JulianaAzevedoLima_D.pdf: 1435689 bytes, checksum: 62750d8ae611c0a4dffee7b6395ff256 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Apesar das recentes descobertas a respeito das possíveis ações benéficas dos folatos na saúde humana, ainda são poucos os dados a respeito dos reais teores dessa vitamina nos alimentos brasileiros, principalmente para os vegetais, considerados as principais fontes desse nutriente. Mais escassos ainda são os estudos sobre a estabilidade dos folatos após o cozimento doméstico e o processamento industrial de alimentos. Considerando-se que a concentração de folatos em alimentos é bastante dependente das condições edafoclimáticas, torna-se relevante avaliar essa vitamina em vegetais brasileiros, a fim de se assegurar a ingestão dos folatos pela população. Assim sendo, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal contribuir para o estudo de folatos em vegetais considerados ricos nessa vitamina. Para a determinação dos folatos, utilizou-se a técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta. O método foi validado e aplicado para amostras de espinafre, brócolis, tomate, catchup, molho e suco de tomate, com pequenas adaptações na metodologia referentes à etapa de extração das amostras e no sistema de separação cromatográfica. De forma geral, os parâmetros de validação estabelecidos, para os produtos analisados, foram de 94% para recuperação, coeficiente de variação inferior a 1,4% nos ensaios de repetibilidade e 5, 30, 30, 7pg/mL e 5ng/mL foram os limites de detecção estabelecidos para 5-metiltetraidrofolato (5-metilTHF), 5-formiltetraidrofolato (5-formilTHF), 10-formiltetraidrofolato (10-formilTHF), tetraidrofolato (THF) e 10-metiltetraidrofolato (10-metilTHF), respectivamente. Em tomate e produtos derivados o único folato encontrado foi o 5-metilTHF. Não se observou diferença significativa, entre os teores dessa forma da vitamina, encontrados em tomates cultivados de forma tradicional (entre 176,0 a 326,9mg/100) e orgânica (208,7 a 345,1mg/100g). Nos produtos de tomate verificou-se que a concentração de 5-metilTHF variou significativamente, tanto entre marcas, quanto entre lotes analisados para cada produto. Para catchup, molho e suco de tomate os valores obtidos variaram entre 58,8 e 265,9mg/100g, 103,9 e 325,0mg/100g e 138,9 e 330,8mg/100g, respectivamente. Assim, tanto o tomate como os seus produtos derivados podem ser considerados fontes de folatos. No brócolis além do 5-metilTHF, o 5-formilTHF também foi detectado. Nesse caso, observou-se diferença significativa entre os teores de 5-metilTHF obtidos para o cultivo orgânico (954,0 a 1740,0mg/100g para 5-metilTHF e 7,9 a 13,6mg/100g para 5-formilTHF) e tradicional (414,0 a 742,0mg/100g para 5-metilTHF e 4,8 a 12,8mg/100g para 5-formilTHF), tendo a forma orgânica apresentado as maiores concentrações. No caso do 5-formilTHF não se observou diferença significativa devida ao cultivo. Verificou-se, também, que o brócolis cozido em água, apresentou perdas de aproximadamente 68%, sendo que a maior parte da vitamina (53%) ficou na água de cozimento, indicando ser o processo de lixiviação o maior responsável pela perda dos folatos. Para o espinafre as mesmas formas de folatos encontradas em brócolis (5-metilTHF e 5-formilTHF) foram detectadas. Tanto para brócolis, quanto para espinafre, o 5-metilTHF representou aproximadamente 99% do teor total de folatos. Verificou-se, entretanto, em espinafre, não haver diferença significativa entre os teores de folatos obtidos por cultivo tradicional (386,0 a 550,4mg/100g para 5-metilTHF e 4,0 a 6,3mg/100g para o 5-formilTHF) e orgânico (295,3 a 599,9mg/100g para 5-metilTHF e 5,0 a 7,7mg/100g para o 5-formilTHF). As concentrações das diferentes formas de folatos, em espinafres colhidos em diferentes épocas do ano (setembro a novembro/2002 e maio e julho de 2003) também foram avaliados e revelaram não haver diferença significativa para os valores obtidos ao longo do período estudado. O cozimento em água resultou em perdas de aproximadamente 79% para o 5-metilTHF e 66% para o 5-formilTHF. Pela determinação dos teores de folatos na água de cozimento, concluiu-se que, também para esse caso, as perdas se deram, principalmente, devido a lixiviação. Os resultados obtidos permitiram, potanto, concluir-se que todos os vegetais avaliados no trabalho podem ser considerados importantes fontes de folatos, entretanto, o cozimento em água ocasionou enormes perdas da vitamina. Dessa forma, recomenda-se o aproveitamento da água de cozimento como forma de garantir a ingestão desse importante nutriente
Abstract: Despite the recent discoveries about the possible beneficial actions of folates to human health, data on the real contents of this vitamin in Brazilian foods, are little, ever for vegetables, considered the main source of this nutrient. Scarcer still are studies on the stability of folates after domestic cooking and industrial food processing. Considering that the concentration of folates in foods is somewhat dependent on the soil/climate conditions, it becomes important to evaluate this vitamin in Brazilian vegetables, in order to guarantee the ingestion of folates by the population. Thus the main of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of folates in foods. Folates were determined by high performance liquid chromatography technique. The method was validated and applied to samples of spinach, broccoli, tomatoes, ketchup, sauce and tomato juice. Small adaptations in the methodology were made for the extraction step of the samples and others in the chromatographic separation system. In general, the validation parameters established for the products analyzed were of 94% for recovery, variation coefficient below 1.4% in the repeatability assays and detection limits of 5, 30, 30, 7pg/mL and 5ng/mL 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF), 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-formylTHF), 10-formyl- tetrahydrofolate (10-formylTHF), tetrahydrofolate (THF) and 10-methyl- tetrahydrofolate (10-methylTHF), respectively. For tomatoe and tomato products the only folate form was 5-methylTHF. There was no significant difference between the contents of this form of the vitamin found in tomatoes cultivated by the traditional (176,0 to 326,9µg/100g) and the organic method (208.7 to 345.1µg/100g) form. For tomatoe products, both, brands and batches showed significant differences in the concentration of 5-methylTHF. For ketchup, sauce and tomato juice the values were from 58.8 to 265.9µg/100g, 103.9 to 325.0µg/100g and 138.9 to 330.8µg/100g, respectively. Thus, tomatoes and tomato products can be considered as folates sources. In broccolis, in addition to 5-methylTHF, 5-formylTHF was also detected. In this case, these was a significant difference in the contents of 5-methylTHF for the organic (954.0 to 1740.0µg/100g for 5-methylTHF and 7.9 to 13.6µg/100g for 5-formylTHF) and traditional (414.0 to 742.0µg/100g for 5-methylTHF and 4.8 to 12.8µg/100g for 5-formylTHF) cultivation, the organic form presenting higher concentrations. For 5-formylTHF there was not significant difference. It was also noted, that when the broccoli was cooked in water, the losses were of approximately 85%, that most of the vitamin (70%) being founder the cooking water, indicating that the leaching process is responsible for the greater losses of folates. For the spinach the same folates forms were found as in broccolis (5-methylTHF and 5-formylTHF). For both, broccoli and spinach, 5-methyllTHF corresponds to approximately 99% of the folates contents. For spinach there was no significant difference in the folates contents for traditional (386.0 to 550.4µg/100g for 5-methylTHF and 4.0 to 6.3µg/100g for 5-formylTHF) and organic (295.3 to 599.9µg/100g for 5-methylTHF and 5.0 to 7.7µg/100g for 5-formylTHF) cultivation. The contents of the different folate forms, in spinach were also evaluated at different periods of the year (September to November/2002 and May to July/2003), and it was concluded there was no significant difference between the values obtained in the periods studied. Cooking in water resulted in losses of 66% for 5-methylTHF and 47% for 5-formylTHF. The determination of folates in the cooking water, confirmed that, in this case, the losses were mostly due to leaching, most of the vitamin, being found in the water. It was concluded that all the vegetables evaluated in this study could be considered important folates sources, however, the cooking in water caused enormous losses of the vitamin. It is therefore of great importance to use the cooking water so that adequate amounts of this important nutrient are ingested.
Doutorado
Ciência de Alimentos
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
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13

Deng, Xuhong, and Sinan Zhang. "Fresh fruits and vegetables distribution system in China : Analysis on the feasibility of Agriculturalsuper-docking." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70949.

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Background: Along with the rapid economic development in China, some associatingproblems emerged, such as inflation. Especially for the daily consuming fresh fruits andvegetables (FFV), the price goes up at very fast speed, which draws a lot of publicattention on it. Farmers are discouraged and hurt by the low vegetable prices. However,end consumers are complaining about the high vegetable prices. A consensus is reachedthat the problem behind this phenomenon exists in the "distribution links".Aim: How is the current status of FFV distribution system of supermarkets in China?What factors do influence the efficiency and cost of the system? How is theimplementation of ASD in China and what are the advantages and barriers? Should it beimplemented widely? If yes, what are our recommendations to improve it?Definition: Agricultural super-docking is a new method of supply and distribution offresh agricultural products from farmers to supermarkets directly, by signing anagreement of intent between farmers and merchants, in order to build an efficientplatform for quality agricultural products to enter the supermarkets. The essence of ASDis to dock the thousands of small farmers and the different supermarkets to build anintegrated production and marketing chain to gain benefit for merchants, farmers andconsumers at the same time.Completion and results: It is a complex task to improve the efficiency of FFVdistribution system of supermarkets in China and there is a long way to go to implementASD successfully and widely since this market is at the starting stage and immature. Toimplement ASD successfully and widely, professional FFV third-party distributioncenters should be constructed, as well as exchanging information norm.
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14

Mat, Ali Mohd Shukri. "Analysis of phenolics and other phytochemicals in selected Malaysian traditional vegetables and their activities in vitro." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/158/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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15

Aydin, Ozlem. "Mathematical Analysis Of Peeling Of Carrots." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606514/index.pdf.

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In this study, carrots of Beypazari variety, cultivated during 2004 season were chemically and steam peeled. Effects of temperature, concentration of NaOH solutions and immersion time on lye peeling of carrots were studied
optimum time-temperature-concentration relations were analyzed mathematically. Then suitable combinations of concentration, temperature and time were determined just by considering degree of peeling. Increases in both temperature and concentration of lye solution led to a decrease in peeling time. However it was observed that the temperature of the lye solution was the main effect on the quality of carrots. Treatment with 0.75 % NaOH at 77°
C for 10.5 minutes was found to be optimum to peel the carrots, mathematically. In steam peeling, the peeled surface area-time relations were analyzed mathematically. Complete peeling was achieved at 8.5 minutes. Under complete peeling conditions, the effect of chemical and steam peeling on quality of carrots were determined. Then the mathematical optimum value for chemical peeling was evaluated for quality parameters. The optimum chemical peeling value was fitted to the peeling yield-pectin relations. The peeling yield of steam peeled carrot was higher than the chemically peeled carrot. The color of the chemically peeled carrot had the highest consumer acceptance compared to conventional peeling. Finally, the two conditions were suitable for considering the need of the plant design.
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Simunaniemi, Anna-Mari. "Consuming and Communicating Fruit and Vegetables : A Nation-Wide Food Survey and Analysis of Blogs among Swedish Adults." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156978.

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The aim of this thesis was to investigate fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among Swedish adults and to use F&V-related perceptions for audience segmentation. Further, the aim was to identify motives and approaches of F&V bloggers, as well as to analyze F&V-related online discourses. F&V consumption and related perceptions were surveyed using a questionnaire among a random sample of Swedish adults (18-84y; final response rate 51%; n=1 304). F&V consumption was measured using a self-administered pre-coded 24-h recall and FFQ. The average consumption was close to the recommendations. Women in general and men born outside Sweden as well as the physically active respondents consumed the most F&V. The respondents were divided into two clusters based on their F&V-related perceptions. Positive cluster with more women and higher mean age consumed more F&V, whereas Indifferent cluster experienced more practical, habitual as well as external problems with F&V consumption. Cluster analysis is an example of audience segmentation for communicative purposes. A sample of 50 lay-people blogs with F&V-related content were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. Two-dimensional categories – level of dietary influential purpose and source of experience – were used to identify blogger ideal types. Exhibitionist with a passive level of dietary influence and lived experiences was the most common type. Persuaders use lived experiences to actively influence their readers, whereas Authorities try to influence mediating others’ experiences. The Mediator is described as a neutral observer. Understanding the role of blogs in everyday communication is important for targeting health messages. A critical discourse analysis was applied to Persuader bloggers’ texts (n=12). Three F&V-related discourses were identified: normative consumption, authentic consumption and altruistic consumption. This analysis is useful for the last process of dietetic communication, namely tailoring the messages. The present four studies approach dietetic communication processes from a research perspective. However, a further step might be to apply these to a health promotion initiative starting from an identified diet-related problem (e.g. low F&V consumption) through audience segmentation (e.g. through cluster analysis) and targeting a relevant channel (e.g. through blogs) finally to tailor the message (e.g. findings from discourse analysis).
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Issa, Irwa [Verfasser]. "Analysis of the Market Potential of Syrian Organic Fruit and Vegetables for Exports to Germany / Irwa Issa." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119265304/34.

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18

Li, Zhenfeng 1968 Oct 9. "Aroma detection and control in passive and dynamic food systems for superior product." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115879.

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Passive (static) and dynamic studies have shown aroma to be an important aspect of food quality, which can be used to differentiate, classify, and grade foodstuffs, and in some cases it can be used to predict other quality characteristics. Monitoring and control of food aroma changes during food processing can significantly improve the quality of the final product in terms of flavour, color, taste, and overall appearance. Hence, it is a prominent and urgent field of study in the post production systems.
Passive aroma detection of unprocessed foods and dynamic aroma detection during food processing was undertaken using a fast GC analyzer -- zNose. During the study on the passive aroma detection, the aroma of Chinese spirits (Fenjiu) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits, (i.e., liquid and solid states, respectively) was analyzed. In the study of Chinese spirits, aroma profiles of Fenjiu liquor samples of different quality levels were acquired and used for quality classification and prediction. Measurements of dielectric properties of the samples were also conducted to estimate alcohol concentration. In the study of mango fruits, aroma changes of mango samples were monitored during their shelf life and used to evaluate mango quality. Ripening and rots were detected with 80% and 93% accuracy, respectively.
During the study of dynamic aroma detection, a real-time aroma monitoring and control system was developed for use during microwave drying. Aroma signals of a processed food item were detected with zNose and analyzed with a fuzzy logic algorithm to determine the optimal food drying temperature. Phase control was used to adjust the microwave power level to meet temperature requirements. Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh) were selected as representatives of vegetables and fruits. In carrot drying, samples could be dried in a short time at high temperatures but the interior of some sample cubes was burnt. Drying at a lower temperature extended the drying process, but led to a great loss of aroma in the finished product.' The best results were obtained at 60°C. Based on these results, a fuzzy logic controller was designed and employed to control the drying process according to carrot aroma changes. To investigate the possibility of aroma improvement without zNose assistance, a linear control method was developed whereby a temperature control profile imitated the fuzzy logic control, but aroma control was not included. With these new control strategies, the carrot color and flavour were significantly improved and less time and power were consumed. Similar results were achieved when apple was microwave-dried. Apple aroma was monitored online during microwave drying processes and controlled with similar fuzzy and linear control strategies. Apple color, aroma, and overall appearance remained intact with the new strategies and less time and power were consumed. In contrast to the carrot drying, a different linear temperature profile was required for apple drying in terms of aroma retention.
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Stafford, Glen T. "Analysis of Department of Defense (DOD) transportation mode strategies for shipping fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) to Guam." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA343442.

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Koyama(Ito), Ayana. "Analysis of Nutritional Components of Spinach Under Root Chilling Stress." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/264639.

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21

Katz, Michael. "A systems analysis of the contribution of legume crops to energy conservation and a profitability in the corn cropping program /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65360.

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22

Bohm, Ingela. ""We're made of meat, so why should we eat vegetables?" : food discourses in the school subject home and consumer studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-128176.

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Background: Food has many different functions. On a physical level, it is needed to survive and to maintain health, but it also has many social, psychological, and emotional meanings. For example, food is used to build relationships, to mark hierarchies, to celebrate holidays, and to influence mood and self-image. Different foods have different cultural meanings, and people are socialized from an early age to recognize and utilize their symbolic value. One arena where food occupies a central position is the Swedish school subject Home and Consumer Studies (HCS), which focuses on both the physical and the psychosocial dimensions of food-related health. Since these dimensions are not always compatible, the aim of this dissertation was to explore how students and teachers of HCS use big 'D' Discourses to talk about and handle food, with a special focus on vegetables, meat, vegetarian food, and sweet foods. Methods: Fifty-nine students and five teachers were observed, recorded, and in some cases video-taped. Participants’ talk about vegetables, meat, vegetarian food, and sweet foods was transcribed verbatim and analysed for big 'D' Discourses. Results: Students mostly based their choice of vegetables on sensory and cultural Discourses. Some vegetables were mandatory and others were optional, depending on whether or not they were part of a recipe or a cultural tradition. The health Discourse was only used if a specific assignment demanded it, and was closely tied to the evaluation Discourse. Contrary to the sometimes optional status of vegetables, meat was seen as central in the sensory, cultural, health, and social Discourses. Therefore the reduction of meat could be problematic. It was regarded as simultaneously healthy and unhealthy, and it could elicit disgust, but whenever participants talked about decreasing meat consumption, its centrality was invoked as a counterargument. As an extension of this, vegetarian food was seen as 'empty', deviant, and an unattainable ideal. Access to vegetarian food was limited for meat-eaters, and vegetarians were othered in both positive and negative ways. When vegetarian food was cooked during lessons, it was constructed as something out of the ordinary. Sweet foods could be viewed as a treasure, as something dangerous and disgusting, or as an unnecessary extra. Home-made varieties were seen as superior. Sweet foods gave social status to both students and teachers, and they could be traded or given away to mark relationships and hierarchies, but also withheld and used to police others. Conclusion: In summary, two powerful potential opposites met in the HCS classroom: the Discourses of normality (sensory, cultural, and social Discourses), and the Discourses of responsibility (health and evaluation). Normality could make physically healthy food choices difficult because of participants' social identity, the conflicted health Discourse, and too-strict ideals. On the other hand, some people were excluded from normality itself, notably vegetarians, who were seen as deviant eaters, and teachers, who had to balance state-regulated goals in HCS against local norms. To counteract such problems, teachers can 1) focus on sensory experiences, experimental cooking methods, and already popular foods, 2) challenge normality by the way they speak about and handle different types of food, 3) make cooking and eating more communal and socially inclusive, 4) explore the psychosocial dimension of health on the same level as the physical dimension, and 5) make sure they do not grade students' cultural backgrounds, social identities, or taste preferences. This might go some way towards empowering students to make informed choices about food and health. However, scant resources of things like time, money, and equipment limit what can be achieved in the subject.
Mat har många olika funktioner. Rent fysiskt behöver vi den för att överleva och behålla hälsan, men den har också en rad sociala, psykologiska och känslomässiga betydelser. Exempelvis används mat för att bygga relationer, för att markera hierarkier eller tider på dagen och för att påverka humöret och självbilden. Olika livsmedel har olika symboliskt innehåll, och barn socialiseras tidigt in i ett visst sätt att äta och tänka kring mat. Ett område där mat har en central plats är det svenska skolämnet hem- och konsumentkunskap (HKK). I kursplanen finns ett starkt fokus på både fysisk och psykosocial hälsa, men för en del människor kan dessa dimensioner ibland vara mer eller mindre inkompatibla. Därför ville jag i denna avhandling undersöka hur lärare och elever pratar om och hanterar olika sorters mat i HKK och vad detta kan få för konsekvenser för lärandet om hälsa. Jag observerade och spelade in fem lärare och 59 elever med mp3-spelare under 26 HKK-lektioner på fem olika skolor. I vissa fall där jag fick tillåtelse filmade jag också det som hände. Därefter transkriberade jag allt tal om grönsaker, kött, vegetarisk mat och sötsaker och analyserade detta tal med hjälp av diskursanalys för att få reda på vad deltagarna i studien sade "mellan raderna", det vill säga hur deras världsbild kring olika livsmedel såg ut. Resultatet visade att elever i de flesta fall var fria att välja grönsaker utifrån den egna smaken, förutom när receptet gjorde en viss grönsak obligatorisk eller när en skoluppgift krävde att man skulle ta hänsyn till hälsa. När läraren ansåg att en grönsak var obligatorisk var det mycket svårt för eleven att undvika den, medan däremot grönsaker som bara sågs som tillbehör i många fall blev ignorerade. Vad gällde hälsa kunde grönsaker vara "allmänt nyttiga", men oftare var de bärare av ett specifikt näringsämne som behövdes för att lösa en skoluppgift. I några fall sågs de som tomma och värdelösa. Kött var centralt och svårt att avstå ifrån, inte bara på grund av smaken utan även för att det "hörde till" de flesta rätter och gav livsviktiga näringsämnen. Samtidigt som det sågs som hälsosamt kunde det också vara farligt, eftersom man kunde äta för mycket protein eller mättat fett. Kött kunde användas som relationsbyggare mellan elever och för att markera status i klassen, så att de som riskerade att hamna utanför var rädda att inte få lika mycket kött som andra. Protein sågs som viktigt och var kopplat till manlighet, muskler och styrka. I motsats till kött sågs vegetarisk mat som "tom", annorlunda och ett ouppnåeligt ideal. Det var svårt för icke-vegetarianer att få tillgång till vegetarisk mat, förutom när det utgjorde ett särskilt lektionstema. Maten sågs som bristfällig eftersom den inte innehöll kött, och den krävde extra planering för att se till att man fick i sig alla aminosyror. Det kunde vara socialt krångligt att vara vegetarian eftersom det krävde extra jobb av kompisar och skolkökspersonal, men många respekterade vegetarianens val och ansträngde sig för att göra en särskild portion åt dem. Sötsaker var åtråvärda, men också farliga, äckliga eller onödiga. Hemgjorda bakverk hade högre status. Sötsaker kunde användas för att markera vem man var kompis med och inte, men gav även upphov till konflikter när elever hade olika åsikt om det "perfekta resultatet" eller när de var rädda att inte få rättvisa mängder. På grund av sötsakernas koppling till sjukdom och viktuppgång kunde de också användas för att peka ut och nedvärdera dem som åt för mycket eller vid fel tillfälle. Sammanfattningsvis förekom två huvudgrupper av diskurser: normalitet och ansvar. Å ena sidan sågs smak, kultur och sociala ritualer som viktigt när man talade om och valde matvaror, men å andra sidan krävde ämnet att man såg på mat ur ett mer vetenskapligt hälsoperspektiv. Synen på normalitet gjorde det svårt att välja fysiskt hälsosam mat eftersom social identitet, den motsägelsefulla synen på hälsa och alltför strikta ideal stod i vägen. Å andra sidan fanns det personer som inte hade tillgång till normalitet, såsom vegetarianer och även lärare, som tvingades balansera statligt uppställda mål inom ämnet mot en lokalkultur med delvis andra värderingar. För att motverka dessa problem kan lärare 1) fokusera på sensorisk träning, experimentell matlagning och måltider som bygger på redan populära rätter, 2) utmana synen på normalitet genom sitt sätt att prata om och hantera olika sorters mat, 3) jobba för att göra matlagningen och måltiderna mer socialt inkluderande, 4) utforska den psykosociala dimensionen av hälsa på samma nivå som den fysiska för att elever ska kunna resonera kring sina matval utifrån smak, kultur och sociala relationer, och 5) undvika fällan att betygsätta elevers smak och kulturella bakgrund. Denna typ av undervisning skulle kunna ge elever fler verktyg för att kunna göra självständiga hälsoval, men det förutsätter att läraren får tillräckligt med resurser i form av lektionstid, förvaringsutrymme och en budget som möjliggör ett brett sortiment av livsmedel.
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He, Peter Yunfeng, University of Western Sydney, of Informatics Science and Technology Faculty, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Developement [sic] of an analytical method for the analysis of quizalofop-p-tefuryl and its metabolite quizalofop in soybean by HPLC." THESIS_FIST_SFH_He_P.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/603.

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There is currently no published method for the analysis of the herbicide quizalofop-p-tefuryl or its matabolite quizalofop in biological matrices. Quizalofp-p-tefuryl is a relatively new herbicide with apparent low toxicity and is readily degraded. Its metabolite also has herbicide activity. Quizalofop-p-tefuryl is a aryloxyphenoxypropionate and is a post emergence herbicide used for pulses and vegetables. This work reports on a method for the analyses of this pesticide residue and its metabolite in soybean using HPLC on a C-18 column with UV detection at 332 nm. Several methods are tried including some involving the use of solid phase extractors like silica, Florisil and strong cationic exchange cartridges. The main method developed uses an extraction solvent hexane: acetone: acetic acid for extracting the quizalofop-p-tefuryl and quizalofop from the ground soybean. The extracts are then made alkaline with NaOH and this deprotonates the quizalofop separating it from the hexane phase which contains the quizalofop-p-tefuryl. The hexane phase is extracted with ACN and quizalofop-p-tefuryl partitions into this phase. The quizalof-p-tefuryl is repartitioned into a fresh diethyl ether: hexane phase by adding a large quantity of H2O and NaCL to the ACN layer. The organic phase is washed and evaporated to dryness before being made up to volume with ACN for direct analysis by UV detection or by derivatising it to methoxychloroquinoxaline for fluorescence detection. Using the method that directly detects the analytes, for quizalofop-p-tefuryl and quizalofop at spike levels, the method has average recoveries. The precision of recoveries for both compounds is about 9%. The method is fairly robust. Time of analysis per analyte is about 2 hrs.
Master of Science
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24

Chetty, Joelaine Meryll. "Dietary analysis of South African indigenous vegetables and traditional foods assumptions made by nutritionists and the impact on public health outcomes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6094.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
A food composition database needs to be reflective of the commonly consumed foods eaten by the population, in order for it to be comprehensive. The South African Food Data System (SAFOODS) is one of a few food composition databases used amongst nutrition researchers and academia nationally for dietary intake analysis of South Africans. The SAFOODS comprises of 37% truly analysed South African nutrient values, which provides for an improved analysis when using this food composition database to analyse dietary intake data of South Africans. Indigenous vegetables and traditional recipe foods are limited within the current SAFOODS, resulting in nutrition researchers making assumptions when coding dietary records comprising of these foods eaten in selected study areas. The aim of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to collect and evaluate the different assumptions made by researchers when analysing food intake data inclusive of indigenous vegetables and traditional recipe foods, when utilising the South African food composition database for dietary analysis. In addition, it aims to record how these assumptions could possibly over or under report on actual dietary intake. Forty (40) nutrition researchers, actively engaged in dietary intake studies across the nine provinces of South Africa, were conveniently selected for this study. These researchers were all linked to an academic institution and consisted of dietitians and nutritionists. A questionnaire was completed, assumptions recorded by the nutrition researchers for indigenous vegetables and traditional recipe foods not found within SAFOODS. The study investigator further entered assumptions reported by participants of the study into a sample menu dataset. Information received from participants‟ were compared to a reference meal analysis report and analysed results compared for energy and macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat, protein) and micronutrients (vitamin A and C, iron, magnesium and sodium).
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Talavera, Bianchi Martin Jose. "Sensory analysis of pac choi and tomato grown under organic and conventional systems." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1627.

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Madevu, Hilton. "Competition in the tridimensional urban fresh produce retail market : the case of the Tshwane metropolitan area, South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08212007-150102.

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27

Omondi, Emmanuel Gordon Otunga [Verfasser]. "Analysis of genetic diversity of two African leafy vegetables, spider plant (Cleome gynandra) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), reproductive characteristics and nutritional analysis of spider plant / Emmanuel Gordon Otunga Omondi." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149833114/34.

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Omondi, Emmanuel [Verfasser]. "Analysis of genetic diversity of two African leafy vegetables, spider plant (Cleome gynandra) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), reproductive characteristics and nutritional analysis of spider plant / Emmanuel Gordon Otunga Omondi." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149833114/34.

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29

Björn, Erik. "A circular production of fish and vegetables in Guatemala : An in-depth analysis of the nitrogen cycle in the Maya Chay aquaponic systems." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-227646.

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This study was done with the aim of deepening the understanding of the Maya Chay aquaponic systems. To meet the aim, a literature study on aquaponics, with an emphasis on the nitrogen metabolism in such systems, was conducted. Furthermore, a deep investigation of the specific Maya Chay systems was made to understand how these systems might be different from the general aquaponic designs. Finally, two nitrogen balances were developed with the purpose of examining the dynamics of the nitrogen transformations in two Maya Chay aquaponic systems. The measurements for the nitrogen balances was made between Mars 2017 to July 2017, and the model for the nitrogen balances evaluated the amount of nitrogen as: i) nitrogen input to the system through the feed, ii) nitrogen assimilated by the fish and the plants, iii) nitrogen accumulated in the sludge, and iv) nitrogen lost to the atmosphere through denitrification and similar processes such as anammox. The resulting nitrogen balances showed some interesting differences in the dynamics of nitrogen distribution. In the smaller Maya Chay XS system in Antigua, only 36 % of the nitrogen input was assimilated by the fish (30 %) and the plants (6 %) and 64 % of the nitrogen input could be regarded as lost, either to the atmosphere (46 %) or in the sludge (18 %). The other nitrogen balance showed that the distribution of nitrogen in the Maya Chay S system in Chinautla is much more efficient in taking care of the nitrogen input. In this system 70 % was assimilated by the fish (33 %) and the vegetables (37 %) and the remaining 30 % was lost, either to the atmosphere (14 %) or in the sludge (16 %). The nitrogen balances also showed that both systems are almost equally efficient in terms of nitrogen assimilation by the fish, and that the big differences lie in the rate of nitrogen assimilation by the plants (6 % vs. 30 %) and in the nitrogen loss to the atmosphere (46 % vs. 14 %). A likely explanation for these differences is the difference in design of the vegetable beds, where the less efficient system in Antigua has a large surface area for the vegetable bed, but only a small portion of this could be utilized for vegetable growth. Furthermore, a consequence of the larger surface is a larger anoxic zone in the bottom of the vegetable bed, which promotes the growth of denitrifying and anammox bacteria. These kinds of bacteria convert the dissolved ammonia, nitrite and nitrate to gas forms of nitrogen, such as nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide and thus nitrogen is lost from the system to the atmosphere. Finally, this study also showed a great difference in the ratio of vegetable to fish production between the systems, where the ratio was 0.43 in Antigua and 2.7 in Chinautla. This ratio further indicates the difference in design between the systems, especially regarding the vegetable beds, has an impact on how well they perform, both in terms in economic and productivity terms, but also in terms of the release of greenhouse gases (nitrous oxide). It can therefore be concluded that the original design of the Maya Chay system (i.e. the Chinautla system) is the preferable one. Even though the accuracy of the measurements in the experiments could be improved for future studies, this study has demonstrated the value of making nitrogen balances for aquaponic systems. Nitrogen balances increase the knowledge of the performance of the system and they increase the understanding of the dynamics of nitrogen transformations that takes place in the system. This knowledge can then be utilized to adjust the design and/or verify if either the aquaculture or hydroponic system is properly designed.
Den här studien gjordes med syftet att fördjupa förståelsen kring Maya Chay akvaponiska system. För att uppnå syftet, utfördes en litteraturstudie som fokuserade på metabolismen av kväve i sådana system. Vidare undersöktes specifika Maya Chay system för att förstå hur dessa system skulle kunna skilja sig från den generella akvaponiska designen. Slutligen utvecklades två kvävebalanser i syfte att utforska dynamiken i de kväveomvandlingar som sker i två Maya Chay akvaponiska system. Mätningarna för kvävebalanserna gjordes i perioden mars 2017 till juli 2017, och modellen för kvävebalanserna utvärderade mängden kväve som: i) kväve som tillförts till systemet genom fodret, ii) kväve som assimilerats av fiskarna och växterna, iii) kväve som ackumulerats i slammet, och iv) kväve som gått förlorat till atmosfären genom denitrifikation och liknande processer så som anammox. Resultaten från kvävebalanserna visade intressanta skillnader kring dynamiken av kvävefördelningen. I det mindre Maya Chay XS systemet i Antigua, assimilerades endast 36 % av kvävet av fiskarna (30 %) och växterna (6 %) och 64 % av kvävet ansågs som förluster, antingen till atmosfären (46 %) eller genom slammet (18 %). Den andra kvävebalansen visade att fördelningen av kväve i Maya Chay S systemet i Chinautla är mycket mer effektivt gällande tillvaratagandet av tillfört kväve. I detta system assimilerades 70 % av fiskarna (33 %) och av växterna (37 %) och de resterande 30 % gick förlorat, antingen till atmosfären (14 %) eller i slammet (16 %). Kvävebalanserna visade även att bägge systemen är mer eller mindre likvärdiga gällande assimilering av kväve från fiskarna, och att den stora skillnaden mellan systemen ligger i hur mycket kväve som assimilerats av växterna (6 % vs. 37 %) samt hur mycket kväve som gått förlorat till atmosfären (46 % vs. 14 %). En sannolik förklaring till dessa skillnader är skillnaden i designen av växtbäddarna för två systemen, där det mindre effektiva systemet i Antigua har större area för växtbädden, men endast en mindre del av denna kunde nyttjas för odling av grönsaker. Som konsekvens av den större arean av växtbädden är en större volym syrefattigt vatten i botten av växtbädden, vilket verkar för tillväxt av denitrifierande och anammoxa bakterier. Dessa typer av bakterier omvandlar den upplösta ammoniaken, nitriten samt nitratet till kväveföreningar i gasform, till exempel kvävgas och lustgas och därav går kvävet förlorat till atmosfären. Slutligen visade den här studien stora skillnader i förhållandet mellan växt- och fisk-produktion mellan de två systemen, där förhållandet var 0.43 i Antigua och 2.7 i Chinautla. Skillnaden mellan de två olika förhållandena är ytterligare en indikation till att skillnaden i designen mellan systemen, speciellt med avseende på växtbäddarna, har en effekt på hur väl systemen presterar, både i termer som ekonomi och produktivitet, men också i termer som utsläpp av växthusgaser (lustgas). Därför kan slutsatsen dras att den ursprungliga designen av Maya Chay systemen (det vill säga systemet i Chinautla) är att föredra. Även om noggrannheten i mätningarna i detta experiment skulle kunna förbättras i framtida experiment, så visar denna studie värdet av att utföra kvävebalanser för akvaponiska system. Kvävebalanserna ökar kunskapen om hur väl systemen fungerar och dom ökar kunskapen kring dynamiken i kväveomvandlingarna som sker i systemen. Denna kunskap kan sedan utnyttjas för att justera designen av systemen och/eller verifiera om antingen vattenbruksdelen eller hydroponidelen i systemet är feldimensionerad.
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Miller, Jody L. "Impact of the Purdue Extension Professor Popcorn nutrition curriculum on third grade students' knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported consumption of fruits and vegetables : a five-month post-hoc analysis." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1273271.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if completion of the Purdue Extension Professor Popcorn nutrition curriculum impacts third grade students' long-term knowledge about, attitude toward, and self-reported consumption of fruits and vegetables. A secondary purpose was to measure any carry-over of concepts learned, or to identify any food behaviors acquired, by surveying the students' parents.A total of 74 third-grade students and 66 parents/guardians participated in this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS, version 11.0. Descriptive analysis, frequency counts, and Pearson Chi Square were used to test 15 research hypotheses. Significant differences were found in students' attitude toward vegetables, how often they ate fruit, and how often people should eat fruits and vegetables. No differences were found in parent/guardian surveys. Results of this study provide modest support for the impact of Professor Popcorn on students. No carryover of concepts to the students' parents, however, was observed.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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31

Fröder, Hans. "Emprego de um método molecular para avaliar a presença de Listeria monocytogenes em saladas de hortaliças folhosas minimamente processadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-17052005-144411/.

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A demanda por frutas e hortaliças frescas, associada à necessidade de maior praticidade da vida atual, está causando um aumento no interesse, por parte dos consumidores, nos produtos minimamente processados (MP). Processamento mínimo inclui as operações de lavagem, corte, descascamento e embalagem do produto. Entre os microrganismos patogênicos que, potencialmente, podem ser transmitidos por vegetais MP citam-se: Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 e Salmonella sp. A pesquisa destes microrganismos é usualmente demorada mas, a cada dia, novos métodos para detecção rápida de patógenos em alimentos são lançados no mercado. Dentre estes métodos, aqueles que empregam ferramentas moleculares têm se tornado mais populares, cabendo destacar os que empregam a reação de polimerização em cadeia (PCR). Para a pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenes existe no mercado o sistema automatizado BAX®System que permite a detecção de L. monocytogenes em, no máximo, 54 h. Neste estudo, buscou-se avaliar a microbiota de vegetais folhosos MP além do emprego do sistema BAX® para a detecção de L. monocytogenes nestes produtos. Foram examinadas, no período de março a julho de 2003, 181 amostras de saladas MP coletadas em diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais no município de São Paulo, SP. Em 133 amostras foram feitas determinações das populações de coliformes totais e fecais, Enterobacteriaceae, microrganismos psicrotróficos aeróbios e pesquisa de Salmonella sp. L. monocytogenes foi pesquisada nas 181 amostras empregando-se o sistema BAX® e, paralelamente, a semeadura do caldo de enriquecimento em placas contendo ágar Palcam e Oxford, com a identificação das colônias suspeitas através de testes bioquímicos tradicionais. Das 133 amostras, 51% apresentaram populações de microrganismos psicrotróficos aeróbios > 106 UFC/g e 42% apresentaram populações de Enterobacteriaceae entre 105 – 106 UFC/g. Coliformes fecais estiveram presente em populações superiores a 102 UFC/g em 97 amostras (73%) e Salmonella foi detectada em 4 amostras (3%). L. monocytogenes estava presente em 1 (0.6%) amostra de espinafre das 181 amostras examinadas, tendo sido detectada, simultaneamente, por ambos os métodos empregados. As outras espécies de Listeria encontradas, empregando-se a semeadura em placa foram: L. welshimeri (1 amostra de alface mimosa) e L. innocua (2 amostras de agrião). Os resultados indicam que grande parte dos vegetais MP examinados, apresentaram qualidade microbiológica deficiente e podem ser veículos de patógenos como a Salmonella. O BAX®System é de grande utilidade para as análises de vegetais MP, que permite a obtenção de resultados mais rapidamente que o método tradicional, sem perda na sensibilidade e na especificidade.
The increasing demand for fresh fruits and vegetables, associated with the desire of convenient goodies, is causing an expansion on the market share of minimally processed products (MP). Minimal processing includes operations such as washing, cutting, peeling and packaging of the product. Amongst pathogenic microorganisms that can be transmitted by MP vegetables are: Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella sp. Searching for these microorganisms is labor intense and time-consuming, however new methods for fast detection of pathogens are commercially available. Methods employing molecular technology are becoming more popular and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is now a good choice. There is an automatized PCR system (BAX®System) that can be used for Lm detection in up to 54 h. The aims of this study was to evaluate the microflora of MP vegetables and to evaluate the effectiveness of the BAX®System for screening Lm on those products. From March to July 2003, 181 samples of MP salads were collected at retail level in the city of São Paulo, SP. Total and faecal coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, psychrotrophic microorganisms enumeration and Salmonella evaluation were conducted in 133 samples. L. monocytogenes was assessed in 181 samples using the BAX®System and also by plating the enrichment broth onto palcam and Oxford agars. Suspected colonies of Listeria were submited to classical biochemical tests. Population of psychrotrophic microorganisms >106 CFU/g was observed in 51% of the 133 samples and Enterobacteriaceae population between 105 - 106 CFU/g was in 42%. 97 samples (73%) showed population of faecal coliforms >102 CFU/g (Brazilian standard) and Salmonella was detected in 4 samples (3%). L. monocytogenes was detected in 1 spinach sample (0,6%) out of the 181 examined MP vegetables. This positive sample was simultaneously detected by both methods. The other Listeria species identified by plating were L. welshimeri (1 sample of curly lettuce) and L. innocua (2 watercress samples). The results indicate that the MP vegetables had poor microbiological quality and could be vehicle of pathogens such as Salmonella. BAX®System showed good specificity and sensitivity when used for vegetable analysis and was easier to perform and faster than the classical method.
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Rudi, Jeta. "Two Applied Economics Essays: Trade Duration in U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Imports & Goods-Time Elasticity of Substitution in Household Food Production for SNAP participants and nonparticipants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34034.

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The first study investigates the factors that impact the duration of U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable imports. We employ both survival analysis (Kaplan Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards model) as well as count data models. Our results indicate that SPS treatment requirements positively impact the duration of trade while new market access has the opposite effect. Other factors typically included in trade duration models (such as: GDP, transportation costs, tariff rates, etc.) were also investigated. We also employ a probit model to understand the factors impacting the probability that a country selects into exporting fresh fruits and vegetables to the United States. The second study estimates the goods-time elasticity of substitution for Food Stamp/SNAP participants versus non participants. We find that the elasticity of substitution for SNAP participants is not statistically different from zero. This indicates that SNAP participants have Leontief production function in household food production, implying that increasing the amount of SNAP benefits paid to participants will not lead to more food production if the time households dedicate to food preparation remains unchanged. This finding extends the analysis done by Baral, Davis and You (2011) and offers insights for policies related to the SNAP program.
Master of Science
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Ndembe, Elvis Mokake. "Offsetting Behavior and the Benefits of Food Safety Policies in Vegetable Preparation and Consumption." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29801.

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Foodbome disease outbreaks have a tremendous impact on society, including foodbome illnesses, hospitalizations, lost work time, and deaths. These food-safety events have a significant influence in shaping consumers' perception of risk. Outbreaks of foodbome illnesses also have an effect on the development of public health policy. Due to these safety-related uncertainties in the food supply chain, various regulatory, safety, and health policies are implemented to decrease harm to potential victims. The total effect of such food-safety policies looked at in terms of reduction of foodbome illness, mortality, and food-related diseases may possibly be smaller than the forecasted effect because of failure to consider offsetting behavior. Attenuation and possibly reversal of the direct policy effect on expected injuries may arise because of offsetting behavior. This study combines both theoretical and empirical models to test the presence of dominant or partial offsetting behavior (OB) in the preparation and consumption of vegetables if a food-safety policy such as the Pathogen Reduction/Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (PR/HACCP) is mandated in the vegetable sector. Our findings indicate that food-safety information that has an effect on outrage and locus of control, both factors which have an effect on consumers' perception of risk, will lead consumers to become lax in response to this food-safety policy.
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Silva, Clóvis Lúcio da. "Desenvolvimento de estratégias de pré-concentração para eletroforese capilar (CE) visando a análise de pesticidas em frutas e leguminosas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-04052015-184210/.

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O uso de pesticidas constitui um importante aspecto na agricultura moderna, com inquestionável beneficio na produção agrícola. Porém a contaminação dos alimentos por pesticidas constitui um sério risco a saúde do consumidor. A determinação de resíduo de pesticidas em alimentos envolve procedimentos laboriosos, com elevado tempo de análise e várias etapas de pré-concentração. Neste trabalho, procedimentos alternativos de extração e pré-concentração para analise multiresíduo de pesticida em água, frutas e tubérculos foram desenvolvidos. A eletroforese capilar em seu modo MEKC em condições de alto e baixo fluxo eletrosmótico foi empregado para a otimização da separação de diferentes classes de pesticidas (triazinas, organofosforado, carbendamidazóis, feniluréia e carbamatos). A composição do eletrólito de separação otimizada para condições de alto EOF foi: 10 mmol L-1 de tetraborato de sódio (pH 9,3),50 mmol L-1 de SDS e 5% etanol e 5% propanol, enquanto que para condições de baixo EOF foi: 10 mmol L-1 de tampão fosfato (pH 2,5), 25 mmol L-1 de SDS e 10% metanol. Estratégias de pré-concetração on-line conhecida como sweeping (SW) e stacking nos modos de migração reversa das micelas (SRMM) e migração reversa com um plug de água (SWR) bem como as suas versões modificadas foram avaliadas, obtendo fatores de pré-concetração de variaram de 2,6 a 19 para o SW, 2,9 a 15 para o SRW e de 5,5 a 15 para o método SRMM modificado. Varias metodologias de extração envolvendo extração em fase sólida (SPE) e extração líquido-líquido (LLE) foram testada. A estratégia de extração por cloud point foi aplicada a uma amostra de abacaxi. O procedimento denominado dispersão da matriz em fase sólida (sigla inglesa MSPD), que minimiza o uso de solventes orgânicos e é de fácil implementação foi aplicado a amostras de cenoura. A combinação do SPE off-line e das estratégias de pré-concentração anteriormente mencionadas permitiram a determinação de alguns pesticidas na concentração de 0,1 µg L-1 em amostras de água potável. O método de extração e clean-up MSPD seguida da análise de MEKC em alto EOF foi otimizado e algumas figuras de mérito foram estabelecidas baseados em protocolos de validação para análise de pesticidas (IAEA-FAO). Boa linearidade (r > 0,99) foi obtido para todos os pesticidas estudados, exceto para linuron e dimetoato. A precisão do método foi estimada através de testes de recuperação. Dois níveis de fortificação foram utilizados para a avaliação, foram obtidos recuperações de 51 a 89 % para o nível mais baixo e 67 a 100% para o maior nível. Foi obtida uma boa precisão intraensaio (CV < 15%). O método otimizado foi aplicado para análise multiresíduo de cenouras. Uma amostra adquirida no comércio local foi quantificada encontrando-se 0,88 mg kg-1 de simazina, 0,13 mg kg-1 de atrazina e 0,08 mg kg-1 de propazina.
The use of pesticides constitutes an important aspect of modem agriculture, with unquestionable impact on crop production. However, food contamination by pesticide residues is a serious risk for the consumer. The determination of pesticide residues in food usually involves laborious procedures, with time consuming sample clean up and preconcentration steps prior to the analysis. In this work, alternative methodologies for extraction, pre-concentration and analysis of pesticide multi-residue in water, fruits and tubers were developed. Capillary electrophoresis in its micellar mode (micellar electrokinetic Chromatography, MEKC) under low and high electroosmotic flow (EOF) conditions was used for the separation of pesticides from different chemical classes (triazines, organophosphorous, carbendamidazols, phenilurea and carbamates). Optimized electrolyte compositions were: high EOF - 10 mmol L-1 tetraborate (pH 9.3), 50 mmol L-1 SDS, 5 % ethanol and 5 % propanol; low EOF - 10 mmol L-1 phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 25 mmol L-1 SDS and 10 % methanol. On-line preconcentration strategies for MEKC known as sweeping (SW) and stacking with reverse migrating micelles with (SRW) and without (SRMM) a plug of water prior to the sample plug as well as modified versions of SRW and RMM were evaluated and contrasted in terms of signal enhancement factor (peak height ratios) Signal enhancement factors for SW varied from 2,6 to 19 for SRW from 2,9 to 15, whereas for modified-SRMM from 5,5 to 15. Among the extraction methodologies, several procedures involving solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were tested. It is worth mentioning a strategy based upon cloud point extraction, which was applied to pineapple samples and a procedure denominated matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), which combines low cost, saves in solvents and easy implementation, applied to carrots. The combination of off-line SPE and the above mentioned on-line preconcentration strategies allowed the determination of selected pesticides in the 0.1 µ/L level (drinking water sample). A complete methodology involving MSPD for extraction and sample clean-up followed by MEKC in high EOF was optimized and a few figures of merit were established based on method validation protocols for pesticide analysis (IAEA-FAO). Good linearity (r>0.99) was obtained for all pesticides under investigation, except for linuron and dimetoate. The method accuracy was estimated by recovery tests. Two level standard spiking were conducted with recoveries of 51 to 89 % for the lowest level and 67 to 100 % for the highest level. Acceptable intra-day precision was obtained (CV < 15 %). The optimized method was applied to the analysis of multi-residue pesticides in carrots. In a sample acquired in a local grocery store an unusual amount of triazines was found: simazine (O,88 mg/kg), atrazine (0,13 mg/kg) and propazine (0,088mg/kg).
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Chiwona-Karltun, Linley. "A reason to be bitter : cassava classification from the farmers' perspective /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-078-4/.

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Azevedo, Fátima de Lourdes Assunção Araújo de. "Valor nutricional, capacidade antioxidante e utilização de folhas de espinafre (Tetragonia tetragonoides) em pó como ingrediente de pão de forma." Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4040.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Spinach is a dark green leafy vegetables in the diet that helps with the intake of vitamins, proteins, minerals, especially calcium and iron, and bioactive compounds not common in other plants. The objective of this research was to characterize the spinach Tetragonia tetragonoides, fresh and powdered (bleached and un bleached) on the content of nutrients, antinutritional and bioactive compounds, evaluating the effects of bleaching on these compounds, the antioxidant capacity of bioactive compounds and functional potential of spinach bleached powder as an ingredient in the formulation of bread. The powder of spinach leaves, subjected to bleaching, decreased concentrations of nutrients, antinutritional and bioactive compounds, compared to the same product is not bleached. The greatest losses were observed for iron (19,4 %), calcium (18,3 %), oxalic acid (36,4 %), phytic acid (33,5 %) and ascorbic acid (18,74 %). The reduction in bioactive compounds resulted in lower antioxidant capacity of spinach powder bleached, as assessed by FRAP methods and linoleic β-caroteno/ácido, however, this effect was not observed by the DPPH method, and spinach powder, subjected or not to bleaching, presented the same antioxidant power. When the spinach bleached powder was added to the formulation of the loaf of bread, the concentrations of 1 %, 2 % and 3 % was observed better sensory acceptability in the formulation of 3 % was noted that the other as the softness. This formulation showed a higher content of protein, calcium, iron and phosphorus than the control bread. Therefore, the use of spinach as an ingredient of bread can be a good alternative to inclusion of the hardwood vegetables in the diet, contributing to improved nutrition and presenting, in the form bleached, reduced antinutritional content.
O espinafre é uma hortaliça folhosa verde-escuro que presente na dieta contribui com o aporte de vitaminas, proteínas, minerais, especialmente cálcio e ferro, e compostos bioativos não comuns em outros vegetais. O objetivo na presente pesquisa foi caracterizar o espinafre Tetragonia tetragonoides, in natura e em pó (branqueado e não branqueado) quanto ao teor de nutrientes, antinutricionais e de compostos bioativos, avaliando os efeitos do branqueamento sobre esses compostos, a capacidade antioxidante dos compostos bioativos e a utilização do espinafre em pó branqueado como ingrediente na formulação de pão de forma. O pó das folhas de espinafre, submetidas ao branqueamento, apresentou redução nas concentrações dos nutrientes, antinutricionais e compostos bioativos, quando comparado ao mesmo produto não branqueado. As maiores perdas foram observadas para ferro (19,4 %), cálcio (18,3 %), ácido oxálico (36,4 %), ácido fítico (33,5 %) e vitamina C (18,74 %). A redução nos compostos bioativos resultou em menor capacidade antioxidante do espinafre em pó branqueado, quando avaliado pelos métodos FRAP e β-caroteno/ácido linoléico, entretanto, esse efeito não foi verificado pelo método DPPH, tendo o espinafre em pó, submetido ou não ao branqueamento, apresentado o mesmo poder antioxidante. Quando o espinafre em pó branqueado foi adicionado à formulação do pão de forma, nas concentrações de 1 %, 2 % e 3 %, observou-se uma melhor aceitação sensorial para a formulação com 3 %, que se destacou das demais quanto à maciez. Essa formulação apresentou maior teor de proteínas, cálcio, ferro e fósforo que o pão controle. Portanto, a utilização do espinafre como ingrediente de pão de forma pode ser considerada uma boa alternativa de inclusão dessa hortaliça folhosa na dieta, contribuindo para a melhoria nutricional e apresentando, na forma branqueada, reduzido teor de antinutricionais.
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Djordjevic, Andjela, and Palig Mahdessian. "Hur påverkar färgassociationer konsumenters köpbeteende vid val av produkter i livsmedelsbranschen? : En kvalitativ studie om vikten av färgval inom marknadsföring och dess påverkan på konsumentbeteende." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45876.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify and confirm previous research and expand the knowledge in this research area, since the majority of the information and knowledge that is available today is mostly repetitive. The theoretical frame of this study is based on theories, such as Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. 1967), alongside previous research done in this research area. The previous research consists of, among other things, analysed associations with the six different colours that this study also emphasizes. The theoretical synthesis is based on the deductive process; meaning, the authors of this survey have collected data and by observing this data, the authors determine whether these theories and previous researchers' arguments can be confirmed or not. Since this survey is based on a qualitative research method, the data collection for this study was executed through focus group interviews. The authors of this survey interviewed three focus groups with various participants in each focus group. Considering that this study focuses on the consumer and its behavior in the grocery store, the researchers selected interviewees who themselves are consumers and who regularly shop in the grocery store. In conclusion, the participants in the focus group interviews confirm that colour associations have an impact on their buying behavior in grocery stores.
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TEIXEIRA, BRUNA S. "Características de amidos processados pela radiação ionizante." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26795.

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O amido é um polissacarídeo produzido pelos vegetais para reserva de energia e está disponível em abundância na natureza. Os amidos são preparados a partir de diferentes matérias primas, tais como trigo, cevada, milho, arroz, batata, batata doce ou mandioca. Na dieta humana o amido é utilizado como fonte de energia biológica. Na indústria de alimentos, o amido é utilizado para alterar ou controlar diversas características, como textura, aparência, umidade, consistência e estabilidade. Entretanto, há uma contínua procura por novas tecnologias para o desenvolvimento de novas propriedades funcionais para melhor adequação às necessidades do mercado. A radiação ionizante pode ser aplicada na modificação de macromoléculas como a do amido. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as características de amidos de batata, milho e mandioca (polvilho azedo) tratados com radiação ionizante e os correspondentes filmes comestíveis preparados com eles. Os amidos em pó foram submetidos à radiação em fonte de 60Co Gammacell 220 com doses de 0, 1, 5, 10 e 15 kGy, taxa de dose em torno de 1 kGy h-1. Para o estudo dos amidos foram empregadas técnicas de microscopia, análises térmicas, espectroscopia no infravermelho, difração de raios-X e viscosimetria. Para os filmes foram avaliadas propriedades mecânicas, análise instrumental da cor, capacidade de absorção e índice de solubilidade. Constatou-se que a radiação não influenciou a morfologia dos grânulos, a termogravimetria e o padrão de difração de raios-X. A viscosidade dos hidrogéis dos amidos diminuiu com o aumento da dose de radiação e estes apresentaram características de fluidos não-Newtonianos e pseudoplásticos. Na avaliação instrumental da cor dos filmes houve um ligeiro aumento no parâmetro b*(cor amarela). A força de ruptura dos filmes decresceu conforme aumento da dose de radiação aplicada dependendo do tipo de amido empregado na sua fabricação. A capacidade de absorção em água diminuiu e a solubilidade aumentou com a radiação.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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39

Lague, Christian M. "Waste vegetable oil as a diesel fuel extender." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26712.

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The possibility of using waste vegetable oil from deep-frying processes as a fuel for long term use in diesel engines was investigated. Research was aimed at using existing technology in terms of engine design in order to utilize a maximum amount of waste vegetable oil as the energy source with a minimum of processing. A small swirl-chamber diesel engine was selected and used to run the 200-hour test recommended by the EMA for testing vegetable oil-based fuels. A blend of 20/80 (waste oil/diesel fuel) was tested as well as a 50/50 blend. BSFC data for both blends did not indicate any significant deterioration in engine performance during the 200 hour tests for ail the fuels tested. However, the 50/50 blend BSFC data had more spread than the data from the 20/80 or the diesel baseline test. This was attributed to variable amounts of deposits on the injector nozzle throughout this test Carbon deposits on all other parts of the combustion chamber were comparable for all the fuels tested. Wear of the engine parts was also comparable except for the piston rings. Piston ring wear was greater with diesel fuel and smaller when burning the 50/50 blend. This was attributed to a film of unburned fuel on the cylinder wall that improved lubrication. Lower -lubricating oil consumption was also attributed to this film. The alternate fuel blends completed the 200 hour EMA screening test and could be considered as possible candidates for long-term use in I.D.I, engines.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Graduate
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40

Siqueira, Marianna Pozzatti Martins de. "Desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para a determinação de metais traço em vegetais da família Solanaceae por espectrometria de absorção atômica de alta resolução com fonte contínua em forno de grafite por análise direta de sólidos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/159429.

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Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos quatro métodos analíticos para a determinação de cádmio, cromo, cobre, níquel e ferro em vegetais da família Solanaceae, cultivados pelos métodos convencional e orgânico de produção, obtidos em feiras e mercados da cidade de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Estes vegetais são muito consumidos devido a grande quantidade de nutrientes, no entanto, podem ser contaminados por elementos potencialmente tóxicos, por meio da exposição a poluição, uso de pesticidas, fertilizantes e água contaminada. As determinações foram conduzidas pela técnica de espectrometria de absorção atômica de alta resolução com fonte contínua em forno de grafite por análise direta de sólidos. Para Cd, Cr e Cu foram desenvolvidos três métodos independentes. No caso da determinação de Ni e Fe foi realizada análise simultânea, empregando linhas analíticas alternativas. Temperaturas de pirólise e atomização foram otimizadas para todos os elementos analisados, visando sinais analíticos com elevada sensibilidade e livres de interferências. Os métodos otimizados foram aplicados em amostras de pimentão, batata, tomate, berinjela, pimenta e physalis. Várias amostras apresentaram concentrações superiores aos limites máximos estabelecidos por legislações específicas. Os métodos propostos envolveram mínimo preparo de amostra, reduzindo riscos de contaminação, tempo analítico e custos, além de demonstrarem-se simples, precisos, rápidos e sensíveis.
In this work, four methods have been developed for the determination of cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel and iron in vegetables of the Solanaceae family, cultivated in conventional and organic farming systems, obtained from local markets and local farms, located in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. These vegetables are much appreciate due to the large amount of nutrients present in it. However, vegetables can be contaminated by potentially toxic elements, through the exposure to pollution, use of pesticide, fertilizers and contaminated water. The assays were carried out using a high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer and direct solid sample analysis. Cd, Cr and Cu had their methods individually developed. In the case of the determination of Ni and Fe, it was applied simultaneous analysis, employing alternative analytical lines. Pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were optimized for all target elements, aiming for analytical signals with high sensitivity and free from interferences. The optimized methods were applied in samples of bell peppers, potato, tomato, eggplant, pepper and physalis. Several samples presented concentrations above the maximum permitted by specific legislation. The proposed methods were accurate, simple, fast and sensitive; moreover, a minimum sample preparation was necessary, reducing contamination, analytical time and costs.
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Nelson, Merritt, Larry J. Stowell, and Tom Orum. "Analyses of Virus Disease Management Programs." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214494.

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42

Myint, Lay L. "Process analysis and optimization of biodiesel production from vegetable oils." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1267.

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43

Retief, Liezel. "Analysis of vegetable oils, seeds and beans by TGA and NMR spectroscopy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6831.

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Thesis (PhD (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Due to the commercial, nutritional and health value of vegetable oils, seeds and beans, the analysis of their components is of much interest. In this dissertation oil-containing food products, specifically vegetable oils, seeds and beans, were investigated. Selected minor components of three locally produced vegetable oils, namely apricot kernel, avocado pear and macadamia nut oils were investigated using 31P NMR spectroscopy. These minor components, including 1,2 diacylglycerols, 1,3 diacylglycerols and free fatty acids, were identified in the 31P NMR spectra of each of the three vegetable oils for the first time. Two approaches were used for the quantification of the minor components present in the spectra. A calibration curve approach used known concentrations of standard minor components to establish calibration curves while a direct correlation approach calculated the unknown concentration of minor components in the vegetable oils using a known amount of standard compound within the analysis solution. These approaches aided in determining the concentration of minor components during storage studies in which vegetable oils were stored in five different ways: exposed to light, in a cupboard, in a cupboard wrapped in tin foil, at -8 °C and at 5 °C. It was found that determining the best storage condition for each oil was difficult since individual minor components were affected differently by the various storage conditions. However, in general the best storage conditions appeared to be 5 °C and -8 °C. The oil, protein and carbohydrate contents of sesame, sunflower, poppy, and pumpkin seeds, and soy, mung, black and kidney beans were analysed by thermogravimetric analysis and 13C NMR solid state NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that the first derivative of TGA data for seeds and beans can give valuable information about the carbohydrate, moisture, protein and fat content. This has not been previously demonstrated. For the seeds, the integration of a region between 270–480 ºC was equal to the sum of the oil and protein content and compared well to quantitative results obtained by other conventional methods. For beans the integration of a region between 180-590 ºC, gave a value which represented the sum of the oil, protein and carbohydrate content. 13C solid state NMR spectroscopy, including SPE-MAS, CP-MAS and variable contact time experiments, was carried out on these seeds and beans and gave valuable information on the solid-like and liquid-like components. To our knowledge these seeds and beans have never been previously analysed using this technique. 13C SPE-MAS NMR spectroscopy indicated that the seeds contained more liquid-like components than the beans. In turn the 13C CP-MAS NMR spectra indicated that beans had higher levels of solid-like components than the seeds. These conclusions correlated well with the quantities of liquid-like components and solid-like components that were determined by conventional methods and TGA. Preliminary studies using T1pH experiments on the components present in the seeds and beans led to a few observations. Most interesting is that a model using a two- phase fit in order to determine T1pH values appears to be more accurate than a one-phase model.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Groente olies, sade en bone is ‘n onderwerp van groot belang omrede hul kommersiële, voeding en gesondheidswaardes. In hierdie tesis is olie-bevattende voedselprodukte, spesifiek groente-olies, sade en bone geanaliseer. Geselekteerde komponente teenwoordig in klein hoeveelhede in drie lokaal geproduseerde groente-olies, naamlik appelkoos-pit, avokadopeer en makadamia-neut olies is geanaliseer met behulp van 31P KMR spektroskopie. Hierdie komponente, insluitend 1,2 diasielglyserole, 1,3 diasielglyserole en ongebonde vetsure, is vir die eerste keer geïdentifiseer in die 31P KMR spektra van die drie groente olies. Twee benaderings is gebruik vir die hoeveelheids-bepaling van die komponente in die spektra. ‘n Yking-kurwe metode het gebruik gemaak van bekende hoeveelhede konsentrasies standaard komponente vir die opstel van yking-kurwes, terwyl ‘n direkte korrelasie metode gebruik is om die onbekende konsentrasie van komponente in groente olies te bepaal met behulp van ‘n bekende hoeveelheid standaard verbinding teenwoordig in die oplossing. Hierdie metodes het gelei tot die bepaling van die konsentrasies van die komponente gedurende vyf verskillende berging toestande wat ingesluit het: Blootgestel aan lig, in ‘n donker kas, in ‘n donker kas toegevou in tin foelie, bevries by -8 °C en in ’n koelkas by 5 °C. Dit was bevind dat bepaling van die beste bergingstoestand vir elke olie moeilik is aangesien die individuele komponente verskillend geaffekteer word deur die verskeie berging toestande. Die beste bergings toestand oor die algemeen blyk egter om by 5 °C en -8 °C te wees. Sesamsaad, sonneblomsaad, papawersaad en pampoensaad sowel as sojaboontjie, mungboontjie, swartboontjie en pronkboontjie se olie, protein en koolhidraat komponente was geanaliseer met behulp van termogravimetriese analise (TGA) en 13C soliede toestand KMR spektroskopie. Dit was bevind dat die eerste afgeleide van die TGA data waardevolle inligting lewer oor die komponent inhoud van elk van die sade en bone. Hierdie is nog nie vantevore bevind nie. Vir die sade, was die integrasie van ‘n area tussen 270–480 ºC gelyk aan die som van die olie en proteïen inhoud en het goed vergelyk met die waardes verky deur algemene analitiese metodes. Vir die boontjies, was die integrasie van ‘n area tussen 180-590 ºC gelyk aan die som van die olie, protein en koolhidraat inhoud. 13C vaste staat KMR spektroskopie, insluitende SPE-MAS, CP-MAS en variëerbare kontak-tyd eksperimente, was gedoen en het waardevolle inligting gelewer omtrent die solied-agtige en mobiel-agtige komponente. Hierdie sade en bone is tot ons kennis nog nie van te vore met die tegnieke ondersoek nie. 13C SPE-MAS NMR spektroskopie het aangedui dat daar ‘n groter hoeveelheid mobiel-agtige komponente in sade as in bone teenwoordig is. 13C CP-MAS NMR spektroskopie het weer aangedui dat daar ‘n groter hoeveelheid solied-agtige komponente in bone as in sade teenwoordig is. Hierdie gevolgtrekkings het goed vergelyk met die waarnemings verkry deur konvensionele analitiese metodes en TGA. Voorlopige studies op die komponente van sade en bone deur T1pH eksperimente het tot ‘n paar gevolgtrekkings gelei waarvan die mees interessantste was dat ‘n twee-fase model vir die bepaling van T1pH waardes beter resultate lewer as ‘n een-fase model.
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Firman, Christopher. "Formation of stigmasta-3,5-diene and its analysis in refined olive oil." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298750.

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JezÌŒek, Jan. "Towards the rapid analysis of total glucosinolates in oilseed and vegetable crops." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403339.

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46

CHEN, CHU HUI, and 朱慧真. "Market Segmentation Analysis for Fresh Vegetables in Taiwan." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92196615041362345776.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立中興大學
農業經濟學系
87
The objectives of this study were to explore the consumer behavior of indigenous vegetables, and to identify the characteristics of organic-vegetable, hydroponic-vegetable and soil-vegetable target consumers in terms of demography, lifestyle, and consumption patterns of vegetable consumers. The author intended to form specific recommendations of marketing strategies to relative vegetable marketers, in the hope of being beneficial for the consolidation and expansion of the future vegetable industry. A consumer survey was adopted to acquire the first-hand data needed for the research, and then the Priori-segmentation model was applied for vegetable market segmentation analysis. By using the compositive purchase proportion of these three kinds of vegetables as the basis for segmentation, the consumers were divided into “the enthusiastic users of organic vegetables”, “the enthusiastic users of hydroponic vegetables”, and “the enthusiastic users of soil vegetables”. In addition, for understanding the features of potential market, another basis was set up by using the evaluation scores for various attributes associated with fresh vegetables, then interviewee were divided into three groups, i.e., “the preferrer of organic vegetables”, “the preferrer of hydroponic variables”, and “the preferrer of soil vegetables”. Based on the results obtained from the descriptive statistical analysis and segmentation analysis, important findings can be summarized as follows: 1. Currently, the majority of urban residents still bought fresh vegetables at the traditional markets (67.80%), and the dispersion of organic vegetables selling stores is not prevalent. Besides convenient access to purchasing, the main considerations were the lower selling price, good quality, and abundant species. In addition, the types of promotion activities preferred by vegetable buyers were exercising price discounts, introducing the effects of cures as well as providing cooking recipes. Customers obtained the information on vegetables mainly from the retailing place. 2. Among the three vegetable categories, the organic vegetable received the highest evaluation score from buyers, especially for its implicit characteristics of “safety” and “safety-certification”. Hydroponic vegetables received better scores in “good configurations” and “uniformity in size”, While soil vegetable was superior to the other two only in its “lower selling price”. 3. Consumers of the organic-vegetable target market were characterized by young, highly educated and being government employees, while hydroponic vegetables target market consumers were characterized by young, seldom preparing dinner, and not being government employees. Consumers of the soil-vegetables target market were mostly elder people with less education, who preparing dinner frequently and being housewives. 4. Difference in education levels was the main source for distinguishing the potential preferences of consumers for organic, hydroponic and soil vegetables. 5. Both the enthusiastic users of organic vegetables and the enthusiastic users of hydroponic vegetables were characterized by “eagerly looking for the effects of cures and nutrition contents”, and “having stronger preference for vegetable brands”. The differences between these two groups were in the quantities bought (enthusiastic users of hydroponic vegetables usually bought significantly fewer amounts). On the other hand, the enthusiastic users of soil vegetables usually put more emphasis on “convenient access to vegetables” and “ lower selling price” rather than “vegetables brands”. 6. The unique characteristic existing in both the organic and hydroponic vegetables enables the marketers to apply various product strategies to create product differentiations, and raise the market value of products. Meanwhile, marketers of soil vegetables still can be benefited by reinforcing the advantage of abundant varieties of product soil vegetables.
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47

Kao, Su-Chin, and 高素琴. "Pesticide residues analysis and dissipation in small leafy vegetables." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98276517699557224601.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立臺灣大學
植物病蟲害學系
81
1441 composite leafy vegetable samples in 29 varieties were collected from supermarket. There were 54.75% of samples without pesticide residue detected to the limit of detection which range from 0.00022 to 0.278 ppm (mg/kg). Thirty-nine pesticides identified from the collected samples. The most frequency pesticides were dithiocarbamates、permethrin 、 prothiophos 、 chlorothalonil 、 chloropyrifos 、 cypermethrin and dimethoate. The most pesticides found on crown daisy、 gynura、 chinese kale、 water convolvulus、leaf mustard、 celery 、basil、chinese mustard、green onion and spinach. Permethrin at 0.167 and 0.084 kg(a.i.)/ha、 mevinphos at 0.842 and 0.422 kg(a.i.)/ha and malathion at 1.67 and 0.84 kg(a.i.)/ ha were applied as foliage spray to Chinese mustard in glass greenhouse at National Taiwan University experimental farm as a simulated field study. The same spray rate were applied at different varieties of leafy vebetable as commerical growing at Tao-Yuan District Agriculture Improve Station. The total residues were analyzed after spray date till nondetectable limit by gas -liquid chromatography analysis.
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48

CHIU, HSING-YI, and 邱馨儀. "The Analysis of Taiwan Fruits and Vegetables Wholesalers Industry." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45417340891670233250.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立雲林科技大學
企業管理系
104
Taiwan vegetable & fruit wholesaler industry is the heart of Taiwan vegetables & fruits’ terminal and transportation. This industry can be traced back to the period of Japanese occupation. With the development of Taiwan transportation and the establishment of the farmer’s association, the transporting and selling form constantly transforms and continues using till now. We analyze the external environment of the vegetable & fruit wholesaler in Taiwan, and the different forms of vegetable & fruit wholesalers’ transporting and selling ways, and the difference among them. We consider that whether the transformation of consumption pattern, the agricultural investment from enterprises, and the appearance of electronic commerce would influence the wholesaler’s sales volume and sales pattern. We also consider the necessity of the transformation. We interpret the industry overview of Taiwan vegetable & fruit wholesaler from the study background and study purpose. We take the definitions discussed in the vegetable & fruit wholesaler literature, the theory of five forces analysis, and the theory of resource-based view as the base of our interview questionnaire. We interpret the difference of each kind of vegetable & fruit wholesaler’s overall transporting and selling pattern by participant observation. We interview three vegetable & fruit wholesalers by qualitative research method, and analyze the results. At the end, we combine the results with the findings in the literature, and propose the competitive resource which different kind of vegetable & fruit wholesaler own and different strategies taken to face the external environment.
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49

Chen, Chia-Tseng, and 陳加增. "Analysis of Nitrogen Content in Vegetables Using Intelligent Spectral Information." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51886541067671038570.

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Abstract:
博士
臺灣大學
生物產業機電工程學研究所
95
Using spectral remote sensing to monitor the physiological status during growth has been attempted in the recent studies. In the work, the near infrared spectrophotometer (NIRS 6500, FOSS NIRSystems Inc.) and the hyper-spectral imaging system developed in this study were used to measure and analyze the reflectance spectra of vegetables in order to provide the basis for the future development of the on-line non-destructive remote sensing system for monitoring the nitrogen content of vegetable crops. The typical calibration models, including step-wise multilinear regression (SMLR) and modified partial least square regression (MPLSR), were adopted to examine the prediction performance of plant nitrogen content by using the spectral data firstly. Furthermore, the machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural network (ANN), real genetic algorithm (RGA), and information entropy (IE), were adopted to develop the intelligence-based calibration models to improve the prediction accuracy of calibration models. In the first part of this dissertation, 113 samples of Chinese mustard (Brassica rapa L. var. chinensis (Rupr.) Olsson) were cultured by three different nitrogen fertilization treatments, and the reflectance spectra of leaves in terms of powder form were used to develop the calibration models. The results show that derivative treatments can reduce the noises of spectral shift caused by the particle sizes, and the significant wavelengths with high correlation coefficient ( |r| > 0.9 ) appear in the selected significant spectral band (1400-2450 nm). Regarding the nitrogen prediction accuracy, the SMLR model with smooth and first derivative pre-treatments and four significant wavelengths (2124, 2240, 1666, and 1632 nm) gives the best results (SEC = 2.059 mg/g, rc = 0.991, SEV = 2.131 mg/g, rv = 0.990). The results point out the SMLR model with a few wavelengths as inputs can be better than MPLSR model when spectral information is without water absorbance interference. Moreover, the SMLR model could be used to replace the time-consuming wet chemical method, such as Kjeldahl method, to analyze the nitrogen content in vegetable leaves. The results also indicate that a hyper-spectral imaging system, constructed of silicon CCD cameras and liquid crystal tunable filters (LCTF) using MPLSR method with the smooth and second derivative spectral information in range of 450 to1000 nm, could be used as the aids for nitrogen fertilization management of vegetable growth in the field. In the second part, fresh leaves of cabbage seedlings (Brassica oleracea L.) after fertilizations with 5 different concentrations are used to measure the reflectance absorbance spectra. To develop a multi-spectral imaging system for remote sensing of the nitrogen content of crops, the significant wavelengths and calibration models were carefully evaluated in this study. The significant wavelengths in full band (400-2500 nm) and a selected band (450-950 nm), which is suitable for silicon CCD cameras, were investigated. Significant wavelengths for estimating nitrogen content of cabbage seedling leaves were first determined by SMLR analysis. A proposed ANN model with cross-learning scheme (ANN-CL) was further developed to increase the prediction accuracy. To comply with the design of a practical multi-spectral imaging system using silicon CCD cameras and commercially available bandpass filters, an ANN-CL model with four inputs of spectral absorbance at 490, 570, 600, and 680 nm was developed. The calibration results (rc = 0.93, SEC = 0.873%, and SEV = 0.960%) reduce the SEV about 15% when compared with the SMLR method with four wavelengths (SEV = 1.099%). In addition, the results are comparable to that of SMLR with seven wavelengths (rc = 0.94, SEC = 0.806%, and SEV = 0.993%) in the full band. These results indicate that the ANN model with cross-learning using spectral information at 490, 570, 600, and 680 nm could be used to develop a practical remote sensing system to predict nitrogen content of cabbage seedlings. In the third part, the self-developed hyper-spectral imaging system, constructed from two sets of CCD cameras and liquid crystal tunable filters (LCTF, VIS and VNIR), were used to grab the spectral images of cabbage seedlings in the wavelength band of 410-1090 nm. In the analysis of hyper-spectral images, the region of seedling canopy was precisely extracted by image segmentation, which was dealt with a simply binary procedure, due to the fine spatial resolution of images. To calibrate and transfer the gray values of seedling canopy to the reflectance absorption, the six standard gray-blocks were used. The first and second significant wavelengths, analyzed by the information entropy (IE) index, are 650 nm and 690 nm, which are mutual different to the linear correlation (LC) analysis between nitrogen content and spectral data. The third significant wavelength of IE analysis is 530 nm, which is similar to 520 nm of LC. However, the fourth significant wavelength of LC is 470 nm, whose index value of IE is less than the wavelengths of 760 nm and 900 nm. The significant wavelengths of IE analysis are including 650, 690, 520, 760, and 900 nm. In the results of hyper-spectral calibration model analysis by using raw spectral data, MPLSR with six factors reduces the values of SEC and SECV to 6.20 mg/g and 7.64 mg/g respectively. Besides, the SMLR with three significant wavelengths (470, 1080, and 710 nm) gives the best results (SEC=7.55 mg/g, SEC=8.13 mg/g) by using simply linear equation. The different significant wavelengths sets of LC, IE and SMLR are used as input data of the intelligence-based calibration models of RGA and ANN-CL to improve the prediction accuracy of nitrogen content analysis. Regarding the RGA analysis, the genetic population was generated randomly and the best fitness genetic population was kept to generate the next generation by crossover and mutation, and the global minimum of error was achieved. Therefore, the RGA calibration model with five significant wavelengths set (650, 690, 520, 760, and 900 nm) of IE is obtained with the good prediction results (SEV=7.79 mg/g). Moreover, the intelligence-based calibration model of ANN-CL with 3/4 sample selection ratio of the calibration set, using the same significant wavelengths set of RGA model, reduces the SEC to 6.47 mg/g and SEV to 5.76 mg/g effectively. As a conclusion, the study has successfully developed nitrogen content prediction models using multi-spectra data of vegetable crops by integrating the near infrared, spectral images technology and artificial intelligence algorithms. With these research results, the remote sensing system with a multi-spectral imager could be developed for monitoring the nitrogen status of greenhouse crops in the future. The information of crops nitrogen status is useful for the precision management of nitrogen fertilization.
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50

Wu, Yi-Jia, and 吳苡嘉. "How Efficient Intake of Fruits and Vegetables ---Data Envelopment Analysis." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27504690502351844082.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立嘉義大學
應用經濟學系研究所
101
Academia Sinica commissioned by the Department of Health periodically perform "National Nutrition and Health Survey," has shown up to 80% of the population eat less than the Department of Health recommends everyone should absorb three vegetables from 1993, two fruits a day, also released daily recommended nutrients quantity, but did not explain how to use the least money to get enough nutrients. In this paper, use data envelopment analysis how to select the most efficient fruits and vegetables, to give consumers buying guide about fruits and vegetables. This study was funded by the Department of Health and Agriculture Committee established about Taiwan food nutrition database to retrieve from September 2011 to August 2012 includes 98 kinds of vegetables, 116 kinds of fruit nutrients(dietary fiber, vitamins A, E, B1 ... and other 14 kinds of nutrients), another by private companies commissioned by the Agriculture and Food Agency, Council of Agriculture handle the Taiwan "agricultural trading market Website" capture the average monthly price of fruits and vegetables, using data envelopment analysis on how to spend the least money, to get from fruits and vegetables daily basic needs of nutrients. Here, in the country, we found part of the rhizome vegetables, leafy vegetables, flowered fruit vegetables relatively efficient and mushroom are less efficient. Part of the berries in fruits, melons, orange fruit relatively efficient, but because the vast majority of pome fruits are imported goods are relatively inefficient. It takes the first layer visible (most efficient) compared with other layers to spend the less money, vegetables less expensive than fruits. At the Seasons, the result of vegetables is insignificant. Fruit because of its large seasonal variations in the results. Because summer typhoon invading Taiwan to spend the most expensive fruits and vegetables in the summer. In the partition part, little difference between the results of vegetables. Different results because of regional fruits, efficient vegetables due mostly concentrated in the central place of origin, it is central to spend most inexpensive fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the most inexpensive cost of fruits and vegetables is in central.
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