Journal articles on the topic 'Vegetable protein fining'
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Kang, Wenyu, Jun Niimi, and Susan Elaine Putnam Bastian. "Reduction of Red Wine Astringency Perception Using Vegetable Protein Fining Agents." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 69, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2017.17054.
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Kang, Wenyu, Richard A. Muhlack, Keren A. Bindon, Paul A. Smith, Jun Niimi, and Susan E. P. Bastian. "Potato Protein Fining of Phenolic Compounds in Red Wine: A Study of the Kinetics and the Impact of Wine Matrix Components and Physical Factors." Molecules 24, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 4578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244578.
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Producing wines within an acceptable range of astringency is important for quality and consumer acceptance. Astringency can be modified by fining during the winemaking process and the use of vegetable proteins (especially potato proteins) as fining agents has gained increasing interest due to consumers’ requirements. The research presented was the first to investigate the effect of a potato protein dose on the kinetics of tannin and phenolic removal compared to gelatin for two unfined Cabernet Sauvignon wines. To further understand the results, the influence of the wine matrix and fining parameters (including pH, ethanol concentration, sugar concentration, temperature, and agitation) were tested according to a fractional 25-1 factorial design on one of the Cabernet Sauvignon wines using potato proteins. The results from the factorial design indicate that potato protein fining was significantly influenced by wine pH, ethanol concentration, fining temperature as well as an interaction (pH × ethanol) but not by sugar content or agitation. Insights into the steps required for the optimisation of fining were gained from the study, revealing that potato protein fining efficiency could be increased by treating wines at higher temperatures (20 °C, rather than the conventional 10–15 °C), and at both a lower pH and/or alcohol concentration.
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Le Mao, Inès, Jean Martin-Pernier, Charlyne Bautista, Soizic Lacampagne, Tristan Richard, and Gregory Da Costa. "1H-NMR Metabolomics as a Tool for Winemaking Monitoring." Molecules 26, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 6771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226771.
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The chemical composition of wine is known to be influenced by multiple factors including some viticulture practices and winemaking processes. 1H-NMR metabolomics has been successfully applied to the study of wine authenticity. In the present study, 1H-NMR metabolomics in combination with multivariate analysis was applied to investigate the effects of grape maturity and enzyme and fining treatments on Cabernet Sauvignon wines. A total of forty wine metabolites were quantified. Three different stages of maturity were studied (under-maturity, maturity and over-maturity). Enzyme treatments were carried out using two pectolytic enzymes (E1 and E2). Finally, two proteinaceous fining treatments were compared (vegetable protein, fining F1; pea protein and PVPP, fining F2). The results show a clear difference between the three stages of maturity, with an impact on different classes of metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, alcohols and esters. A clear separation between enzymes E1 and E2 was observed. Both fining agents had a significant effect on metabolite concentrations. The results demonstrate that 1H-NMR metabolomics provides a fast and robust approach to study the effect of winemaking processes on wine metabolites. These results support the interest to pursue the development of 1H-NMR metabolomics to investigate the effects of winemaking on wine quality.
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Sebastian, Rhonda S., Cecilia Wilkinson Enns, Joseph D. Goldman, M. Katherine Hoy, and Alanna J. Moshfegh. "Findings from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 support salad consumption as an effective strategy for improving adherence to dietary recommendations." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 06 (February 15, 2019): 976–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003695.
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AbstractObjectiveTo verify the previously untested assumption that eating more salad enhances vegetable intake and determine if salad consumption is in fact associated with higher vegetable intake and greater adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations.DesignIndividuals were classified as salad reporters or non-reporters based upon whether they consumed a salad composed primarily of raw vegetables on the intake day. Regression analyses were applied to calculate adjusted estimates of food group intakes and assess the likelihood of meeting Healthy US-Style Food Pattern recommendations by salad reporting status.SettingCross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2011–2014 in What We Eat in America, the dietary intake component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsUS adults (n 9678) aged ≥20 years (excluding pregnant and lactating women).ResultsOn the intake day, 23 % of adults ate salad. The proportion of individuals reporting salad varied by sex, age, race, income, education and smoking status (P<0·001). Compared with non-reporters, salad reporters consumed significantly larger quantities of vegetables (total, dark green, red/orange and other), which translated into a two- to threefold greater likelihood of meeting recommendations for these food groups. More modest associations were observed between salad consumption and differences in intake and likelihood of meeting recommendations for protein foods (total and seafood), oils and refined grains.ConclusionsStudy results confirm the DGA message that incorporating more salads in the diet is one effective strategy (among others, such as eating more cooked vegetables) to augment vegetable consumption and adherence to dietary recommendations concerning vegetables.
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Sattler, Elisabeth L. P., Yuta Ishikawa, Rupal Trivedi-Kapoor, Donglan Zhang, Arshed A. Quyyumi, and Sandra B. Dunbar. "Association between the Prognostic Nutritional Index and Dietary Intake in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Heart Failure: Findings from NHANES III." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (October 31, 2019): 2608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112608.
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The objective of this study was to examine the association between nutritional status and dietary intake in community-dwelling older adults with heart failure (HF). A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES III data was conducted. The analytic sample was comprised of n = 445 individuals aged 50+ years with congestive HF (54.4% male, 22.9% non-Hispanic Black, 43.8% low-income). Nutritional status was measured using the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Participants were classified by PNI quintiles with lower PNI scores indicating lower nutritional status. Participants in quintile 5 showed significantly greater intakes of energy, protein, vegetables, magnesium, zinc, copper, potassium, red meat, saturated fat, and sodium. In multivariate analyses, increased intake of red meat (β = 0.253, p = 0.040) and vegetables (β = 0.255, p = 0.038) was associated with significantly better nutritional status. In the absence of comprehensive nutritional guidance for HF patients, it appears that small increases in energy, protein (red meat), and vegetable consumption are associated with improved nutritional status.
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Thorpe, Donna L., Synnove F. Knutsen, W. Lawrence Beeson, Sujatha Rajaram, and Gary E. Fraser. "Effects of meat consumption and vegetarian diet on risk of wrist fracture over 25 years in a cohort of peri- and postmenopausal women." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 6 (June 2008): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007000808.
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AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggesting that a diet high in fruits and vegetables may be beneficial to bone health has sparked interest in the potential benefit of a vegetarian diet. However, other studies have raised a question regarding the adequacy of protein in such a diet.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to take a whole foods approach in examining the effects of foods high in protein on the risk of wrist fracture (WF) in a cohort with a significant proportion consuming a meat-free diet.DesignA cohort study of women who completed two lifestyle surveys 25 years apart.SubjectsOne thousand eight hundred and sixty-five peri- and postmenopausal women at the time of the first survey.ResultsThere was a significant interaction between meat consumption and foods high in vegetable protein. Among vegetarians, those who consumed the least vegetable protein intake were at highest risk for fracture. However, increasing levels of plant-based high-protein foods decreased WF risk, with a 68% reduction in risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.79) in the highest intake group. Among those with lowest vegetable protein consumption, increasing meat intake decreased the risk of WF, with the highest consumption decreasing risk by 80% (HR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.06–0.66).ConclusionsThe finding that higher consumption frequencies of foods rich in protein were associated with reduced WF supports the importance of adequate protein for bone health. The similarity in risk reduction by vegetable protein foods compared with meat intake suggests that adequate protein intake is attainable in a vegetarian diet.
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Djafari, Farhang, Hossein Shahinfar, Maryam Safabakhsh, and Sakineh Shab-Bidar. "Vegetable and fruit consumption and its association with bone turnover biomarkers in older adults." Nutrition & Food Science 50, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 1187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-11-2019-0331.
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Purpose Fruits and vegetables (FVs) are a good source of substances that contributed to bone health. However, the relation of FVs consumption with inflammation and bone biomarkers is inconsistent. Thus, this paper aims to assess the association of FVs intake with inflammation and bone biomarkers in older adults. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was performed on 178 older adults in Tehran, with a mean age of 67.04. Biochemical measurements including serum osteocalcin, high sensitivity c-reactive protein, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH) D, parathormone and urine terminal telopeptide of Type I collagen (u-CTx) was done. The intake of FVs was calculated using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Findings Pearson correlation coefficients showed a positive relation between serum osteocalcin and total vegetables (r = 0.167, p = 0.026), juices group (r = 0.155, p = 0.035), starchy vegetables (r = 0.205, p = 0.006) and other vegetable group (r = 0.161, p = 0.032) even after controlling of potential confounders. Analysis of covariance showed that total vegetable were significantly associated with serum osteocalcin (p = 0.041) and PTH levels (p = 0.028). Additionally, no evidence of a significant relationship between total fruit intake and test variables was observed. However, subgroup analyses demonstrated a significant association between citrus fruits and serum 25(OH) D (p = 0.017). A significant relation between starchy vegetable and urine CTx-I was reported (p = 0.016). Moreover, other vegetable subgroup was strongly associated with serum osteocalcin (p = 0.003). Originality/value The results of this paper may provide insight for clinical interventions and also important to make policy for prevention or easing bone disorders and general inflammation related to fruit and vegetable intake.
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Zhang, Zhenzhen, Lauren L. Atwell, Paige E. Farris, Emily Ho, and Jackilen Shannon. "Associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and selected biomarkers among women scheduled for breast biopsies." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 7 (September 2, 2015): 1288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001500244x.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between dietary cruciferous vegetable intake and selected tumour biomarkers for histone acetylation (H3K9ac, H3K18ac, HDAC3 and HDAC6), proliferation (Ki-67) and cell-cycle regulation (p21) from breast tissue.DesignThe study used baseline data of women recruited to participate in a clinical trial of sulforaphane supplement. Dietary cruciferous vegetable intake was collected through a validated Arizona Cruciferous Vegetable Intake Questionnaire. Breast tissue was obtained from biopsy samples. Spearman correlations were calculated between intake of specific cruciferous vegetables and biomarkers. Tissue biomarkers were log2-transformed to obtain approximate normality. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and biomarkers adjusting for age and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to account for multiple comparisons.SettingClinical trial baseline.SubjectsFifty-four women who had abnormal mammogram findings and were scheduled for breast biopsy.ResultsMean intake of total cruciferous vegetables from all food sources was 81·7 (sd 57·3) g/d. Mean urinary total sulforaphane metabolites was 0·08 (sd 0·07) µm/mm creatinine. Total cruciferous vegetable intake was inversely associated with Ki-67 protein expression in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tissue (β=−0·004; se=0·001; FDR q value=0·03), but not in benign or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissue. No association was found for other biomarkers measured (HDAC3, HDAC6, H3K9, H3K18 and p21) in all tissues examined (benign, DCIS and IDC).ConclusionsThe present study sought to provide additional evidence for the potential role of sulforaphane in histone acetylation and cell proliferation. Here, we report that total cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with decreased cell proliferation in breast DCIS tissue.
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Amfo, Bismark, Isaac Gershon Kodwo Ansah, and Samuel A. Donkoh. "The effects of income and food safety perception on vegetable expenditure in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 9, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 276–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-07-2018-0088.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumers’ concern for food safety and income levels influence vegetable consumption patterns and expenditure in Tamale, Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Using data from a survey of 300 urban consumers, quantile regression analyses are used to examine how food safety consciousness, income and other factors influence vegetable expenditure across different quantiles. Findings Whereas protein-rich foods take smaller proportion, vegetables and cereals take more than half of the household food budget. Poor households spend greater proportion of income on food relative to wealthier households, although absolute amounts spent on food takes the opposite direction. Engel’s law applies to composite food expenditure and individual food classes. Bennett’s law applies to various food groups, with high-income households showing high dietary diversity than middle- and low-income households. Food safety consciousness and income groupings significantly influence vegetable expenditure at various quantiles. Expenditure of food safety conscious and high-income consumers are positioned on higher quantiles. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest a potential for agribusiness investors to develop safer vegetable niche markets in the study area. Originality/value The study is the first to analyze vegetable consumption in Ghana with a focus on food safety consciousness, income levels and consumers’ location.
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Magdalene, Obi-Abang, Victor Eshu Okpashi, Margaret Agiang, and Josephine Eneji Egbung. "Evaluation of Selected Novel Delicacies of Wild Plants Using Wistar Rats: An Insight into Nutritional Quality." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.2.16.
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The quest to improving the nutritional quality of a growing population is critical. Nutritional quality is lacking in terms of which vegetable will yield the desired nutrient. This research investigates the nutritional quality of some wild edible vegetables and their effect on rats. Four different delicacies were prepared with two novel vegetables - Adenia cissampeloides (ACD) and Arthropteris palisoti (APD) plants. The mineral and vitam profiles in these vegetables were determined using standard methods. Twenty four weanling rats with weight ranging from - 43.99 to 81.49 g, were randomly designated into four groups (n = 6). Two groups of the experimental rats were fed with the formulated experimental diets, while the other two groups were fed with protein-free (casein) and basal diets. Carbohydrate, protein, vitamins C and E were significant at p < 0.05 in the two wild vegetables; the mineral composition showed significance at p < 0.05 for delicacies with low Na+ content while Ca2+ concentration was significantly high in ACD and APD. Mg2+ was high in ACD while Phosphorus concentration was high in APD. The ACD-fed rats had a higher value (2.37 ± 0.01 %) compared to APD (2.18 ± 0.01). The reference group consumed more food (97.06 ± 14.70 g) followed by the basal group (88.98 ± 10.61), ACD (43.89 ± 14.34), and APD (42.02 ± 7.98), respectively. There was no significant differences (p ˃ 0.05) observed in the body weight changes, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization, net protein retention, true digestibility, fecal and carcass protein levels in all the groups. Findings suggest that nutrients in these vegetables are of good quality to benefit the user hence it is recommended in routine diet preparations.
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Papaioannou, Konstantinos-Georgios, Fawzi Kadi, and Andreas Nilsson. "Consumption of Vegetables Is Associated with Systemic Inflammation in Older Adults." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091765.
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It is hypothesized that healthy diets rich in fruits and vegetables (FV) can modulate the inflammatory status in older adults. However, to determine the actual impact of FV on inflammatory status, adiposity level and objectively assessed physical activity (PA) behaviors need to be considered. The aim of the present study was to explore associations between FV intake and biomarkers of systemic inflammation in older adults. Based on a sample of 233 older adults (65–70 years old), the following inflammatory biomarkers were assessed: C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-18, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). FV intake was assessed by self-report, and PA behaviors encompassing time spent sedentary and in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were determined using accelerometers. Associations between FV intake and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using stepwise linear regression models while adjusting for several covariates, including health-related food groups, adherence to the MVPA guidelines, total sedentary time, and waist circumference. While no significant associations were observed for the total FV intake, the vegetable intake was inversely associated with levels of IL6 (β = −0.15; p < 0.05). In contrast, fruit intake was not associated with any inflammatory biomarker. In conclusion, our findings indicate beneficial associations between vegetable intake and levels of a pro-inflammatory biomarker in older adults, which strengthens public health efforts to promote vegetable-rich diets in older adults to mitigate age-related systemic inflammation.
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Bell, Elizabeth Bradford, Isildinha M. Reis, Erin R. Cohen, Turki Almuhaimid, Drew H. Smith, Faisal Alotaibi, Claudia Gordon, Carmen Gomez-Fernandez, W. Jarrard Goodwin, and Elizabeth J. Franzmann. "Green Salad Intake Is Associated with Improved Oral Cancer Survival and Lower Soluble CD44 Levels." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020372.
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Deficiencies in fruit and vegetable intake have been associated with oral cancer (oral cavity and oropharyngeal). Salivary rinses contain measurable biomarkers including soluble CD44 (solCD44) and total protein, which are known markers of oral cancer risk. This study investigates the effect of nutritional factors on solCD44 and protein levels to evaluate oral cancer risk and survival. We evaluated solCD44 and protein levels from 150 patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 150 frequency-matched controls. We subsequently characterized the effect of food group consumption and these biomarkers on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients reported eating fewer servings of salad (p = 0.015), while controls reported eating fewer servings of potatoes (p < 0.001). Oral cancer patients who consumed at least one serving per week of green salad were found to have significantly lower CD44 levels than those who ate salad less frequently (mean of log2[solCD44]1.73 versus 2.25, p = 0.014). Patients who consumed at least one serving per week of “salad or other vegetables” had significantly longer PFS (median 43.5 versus 9.1 months, p = 0.003, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.39 p = 0.014) and OS (median 83.6 versus 10 months, p = 0.008, adjusted HR = 0.04 p = 0.029). These findings suggest that dietary factors, namely greater green salad and vegetable intake, may be associated with lower CD44 levels and better prognosis in oral cancer patients.
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Exum, Barbara, Sharon H. Thompson, and Leslie Thompson. "A pilot study of grocery store sales: do low prices=high nutritional quality?" Nutrition & Food Science 44, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-02-2013-0021.
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Purpose – Low fruit and vegetable intake is associated with heart disease, some cancers, and other major causes of death. Product pricing influences food purchases and economic declines have affected food budgets; therefore, this study examined the nutritional quality of advertised meal deals and buy-one-get-one free (BOGO) offers at three major grocery store chains over ten weeks. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – USDA's SuperTracker and Diet Analysis Plus were used for nutritional analyses of advertised offers over a ten-week time period in Fall 2011. Findings – Meal deal – ten-week averages per person: prices ranged from $1.25 to $5.00. Evaluation of MyPlate categories revealed the following percentage breakdown: empty calories – 57 percent, grains – 21 percent, protein – 12 percent, dairy – 8 percent, vegetables – 2 percent, and fruit – 0 percent. BOGO – ten-week averages: when examining MyPlate categories, nutritional quality was similar to meal deals in that few products were from the vegetable (12 percent) fruit (4 percent), and dairy (3 percent) groups. Originality/value – Research is sparse regarding nutritional quality of advertised sales at grocery stories.
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Isah, N. F., M. A. Lawan, M. U. Ibrahim, and F. Ahmed. "Assessment of gross alpha and beta radioactivity in some vegetable species of Komadugu Yobe riverine areas of Yobe State, Nigeria." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 7, no. 4a (February 2, 2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v7i4a.2.
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Vegetables constitute an important part of human diet since they contain carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. However, resulting from human and animal activities, it is usually contaminated with solid and human waste, effluents from chemical industries and radionuclides. This study investigated the gross alpha and beta activities (GABAs) in Vegetables of Komadugu-Yobe riverine areas of Yobe state, Nigeria. Vegetable (onion, pepper and tomato) samples were collected and analyzed using MPC-2000DP Low Background proportional counter. The GABA result indicated that all the alpha concentrations in all the three samples (onion,pepper and tomato) has alpha concentrations above the WHO benchmark except in location B (Azbak) for pepper sample which have value 0.09670±0.00260 Bq/kg. Beta activity concentrations in the samples analyzed across the study area were below the WHO 1.0 Bq/kg benchmark. This is in agreement with previous study which revealed that beta concentrations of study area in river water samples along Komadugu-Yobe River were within the typical world average values. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that all the vegetable samples analyzed have significant radiological health burden on the environment and the populace except locations B pepper. It is therefore recommended that efforts should be intensified to identify further sources of contaminations with a view to addressing the long standing renal and kidney failure experienced by people in the study area.
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Sato, Yoshiko, Ai Yamada, Masamitsu Miyanaga, and Da-Hong Wang. "Association of Vegetable and Fruit Consumption with Urinary Oxidative Biomarkers in Teenaged Girls: A School-Based Pilot Study in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 10474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710474.
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Hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and dityrosine (DT) have served as potential biomarkers for detecting oxidative modified lipids, DNA, and proteins in biological samples, respectively. Whether regular higher levels of consumption of vegetables/fruit (V/F) would decrease oxidative modification of these biomolecules in the body remain unelucidated. To examine the association of regular V/F consumption with the generation of these reactive oxygen species-induced biomarkers, this study evaluated V/F consumption in a school-based sample of teenaged girls (mean age 15.6 ± 1.7 years, n = 103), and quantified the formation of oxidative stress biomarkers in their urine. Only 19.4% and 23.3% of participants reported that they consumed the recommended daily amount of vegetables and fruits, respectively. Individuals who consumed lower levels of fruit (<100g/day) or vegetables (<250g/day) had significantly higher HEL excretion in their urine than those who consumed higher levels of fruit (≥100g/day) (p < 0.05) or vegetables (≥250g/day) (p = 0.057). The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that vegetable consumption was an important inhibiting factor of early lipid peroxidation measured as HEL in urine, independent of various confounders (β = − 0.332, p < 0.05). The findings suggest that relatively higher consumption of vegetables would help in the prevention of early lipid peroxidation in adolescents.
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Pan, Sai Yi, Anne-Marie Ugnat, Yang Mao, Shi Wu Wen, and Kenneth C. Johnson. "A Case-Control Study of Diet and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.1521.13.9.
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Abstract Epidemiologic studies have suggested that some dietary factors may play a role in the etiology of ovarian cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent. We assessed the association of ovarian cancer with dietary factors in a population-based case-control study in Canada. Diet information was collected on 442 incident cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed in 1994 to 1997 and 2,135 population controls via a self-administered questionnaire. Compared with women in the lowest quartile of cholesterol intake, those in the second, third, and fourth quartiles had a multivariate adjusted odds ratio [OR; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)] of 1.12 (0.81–1.56), 1.20 (0.85–1.68), and 1.42 (1.03–1.97), respectively (P for trend = 0.031). Higher egg consumption was also associated with a nonsignificant increase in ovarian cancer risk. The ORs (95% CIs) for ovarian cancer were 0.77 (0.60–1.04) and 0.76 (0.56–0.99) among women in the highest quartile of total vegetable and cruciferous vegetable intake as compared with women in the lowest quartile. Women who took supplements of vitamin E, β-carotene, and B-complex vitamins for ≥10 years had ORs (95% CIs) of 0.49 (0.30–0.81), 0.31 (0.11–0.91), and 0.61 (0.36–1.05), respectively. However, we did not observe an association of ovarian cancer risk with dietary fat intake, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, fruit, dairy products, meat products, fish, chicken, grain products, nut products, baked desserts, margarine, butter, mayonnaise, and supplement of multiple vitamins, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron, zinc, and selenium. Our findings suggested that ovarian cancer risk was positively associated with higher consumption of dietary cholesterol and eggs and inversely associated with higher intake of total vegetables and cruciferous vegetables and supplementation of vitamin E, β-carotene, and B-complex vitamins.
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Yadana, Su, Sameera A. Talegawkar, Jyoti S. Mathad, Mallika Alexander, Kripa Rajagopalan, Pavan Kumar, Shilpa Naik, et al. "Association of Vegetable and Animal Flesh Intake with Inflammation in Pregnant Women from India." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 3767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123767.
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In pregnant women, studies are lacking on the relationship of vegetable and animal flesh (poultry, red meat and seafood) intake with inflammation, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a cohort study of pregnant women receiving antenatal care at BJ Medical College in Pune, India. The dietary intake of pregnant women was queried in the third trimester using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Twelve inflammatory markers were measured in plasma samples using immunoassays. Only 12% of the study population were vegetarians, although animal flesh intake levels were lower compared to Western populations. In multivariable models, higher intakes of total vegetables were associated with lower levels of the T-helper (Th) 17 cytokine interleukin (IL)-17a (p = 0.03) and the monocyte/macrophage activation marker soluble CD163 (sCD163) (p = 0.02). Additionally, higher intakes of poultry were negatively associated with intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP) levels (p = 0.01), a marker of intestinal barrier dysfunction and Th2 cytokine IL-13 (p = 0.03), and higher seafood was associated with lower IL-13 (p = 0.005). Our data from pregnant women in India suggest that a higher quality diet emphasizing vegetables and with some animal flesh is associated with lower inflammation. Future studies should confirm these findings and test if modulating vegetables and animal flesh intake could impact specific aspects of immunity and perinatal health.
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Kim, Keewan, Samrawit F. Yisahak, Carrie J. Nobles, Victoria C. Andriessen, Elizabeth A. DeVilbiss, Lindsey A. Sjaarda, Ahoud Alohali, Neil J. Perkins, and Sunni L. Mumford. "Low Intake of Vegetable Protein is Associated With Altered Ovulatory Function Among Healthy Women of Reproductive Age." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 7 (March 18, 2021): e2600-e2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab179.
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Abstract Context Diets high in plant-based protein have gained popularity due to increasing health concerns regarding consumption of animal products. Though links between intakes of certain protein-rich foods and reproductive disorders have been suggested, the relationship of overall animal and vegetable proteins with reproductive hormones among reproductive-aged women is unknown. Objective To evaluate the associations between the intake of dietary protein with reproductive hormones and sporadic anovulation among reproductive-aged women. Design A prospective cohort study, 2005–2007. Setting University at Buffalo, western New York, United States. Participants A total of 259 premenopausal women (18–44 years) without dietary restrictions. Main Outcome Measure(s) Serum reproductive hormones were determined up to 8 times per cycle for 2 cycles. Protein intake was assessed the day prior to hormone assessment at 4 visits/cycle using 24-hour recalls. Results Overall, 84% of participants met the recommended dietary allowance for total protein set for reproductive-aged women. Neither total nor animal protein intake were associated with reproductive hormones or anovulation. However, vegetable protein intake in the lowest tertile was associated with lower luteal phase progesterone (-18.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -30.2, -3.6), higher follicle-stimulating hormone (3.8%, 95% CI 0.2, 7.6), and a higher risk of anovulation (risk ratio [RR] 2.53, 95% CI 1.21, 5.26), compared with the middle tertile. Nuts and seeds were the only protein-rich foods associated with an elevated risk of anovulation (RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.17, 3.85). Conclusions Findings suggest that among women who meet the recommended dietary allowance for total protein, low intake of vegetable, but not animal, protein may disturb normal ovulatory function.
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Dragsted, Lars O., Britta Krath, Gitte Ravn-Haren, Ulla B. Vogel, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Per Bo Jensen, Steffen Loft, Salka E. Rasmussen, BrittMarie Sandstrom, and Anette Pedersen. "Biological effects of fruit and vegetables." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 65, no. 1 (February 2006): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2005480.
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A strong and persistent effect of plant-derived foods on the prevention of lifestyle diseases has emerged from observational studies. Several groups of constituents in plants have been identified as potentially health promoting in animal studies, including cholesterol-lowering factors, antioxidants, enzyme inducers, apoptosis inducers etc. In human intervention studies the dose levels achieved tend to be lower than the levels found to be effective in animals and sampling from target organs is often not possible. A controlled dietary human intervention study was performed with forty-three volunteers, providing 600 g fruit and vegetables/d or in the controls a carbohydrate-rich drink to balance energy intake. Surrogate markers of oxidative damage to DNA, protein and lipids, enzymic defence and lipid metabolism were determined in blood and urine. It was found that a high intake of fruit and vegetables tends to increase the stability of lipids towards oxidative damage. Markers of oxidative enzymes indicate a steady increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) activity in erythrocytes during intervention with fruit and vegetables but there is no effect on GPX1 transcription levels in leucocytes. No change occurs in glutathione-conjugating or -reducing enzyme activities in erythrocytes or plasma, and there are no effects on the transcription of genes involved in phase 2 enzyme induction or DNA repair in leucocytes. Fruit and vegetable intake decreases the level of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, but does not affect sex hormones. In conclusion, it has been shown that total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, markers of peripheral lipid oxidation, and erythrocyte GPX1 activity are affected by high intakes of fruit and vegetables. This finding provides support for a protective role of dietary fruit and vegetables against CVD.
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Rouphael, Youssef, Maria Giordano, Mariateresa Cardarelli, Eugenio Cozzolino, Mauro Mori, Marios Kyriacou, Paolo Bonini, and Giuseppe Colla. "Plant- and Seaweed-Based Extracts Increase Yield but Differentially Modulate Nutritional Quality of Greenhouse Spinach through Biostimulant Action." Agronomy 8, no. 7 (July 21, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8070126.
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Plant biostimulants (PBs) such as protein hydrolysates and seaweed extracts are attracting the increasing interest of scientists and vegetable growers for their potential toenhance yield and nutritional quality. The current study assessed crop productivity, leaf colorimetry, mineral profile and bioactive compounds of greenhouse spinach in response to the foliar application of three PBs: legume-derived protein hydrolysate [PH], extract of seaweed Ecklonia maxima or mixture of vegetal oils, herbal and seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum extracts. Plants were PB-treated at a rate of 3 mL L−1 four times during their growth cycle at weekly intervals. Foliar PB applications enhanced fresh yield, dry biomass and leaf area of spinach in comparison with untreated plants. Improved yield performance with PB applications was associated with improved chlorophyll biosynthesis (higher SPAD index). The three PB treatments elicited an increase in bioactive compounds (total phenols and ascorbic acid), thus raised the functional quality of spinach. The application of PH enhanced K and Mg concentrations and did not result in increased nitrate accumulation as observed with the other two PB treatments. Our findings can assist vegetable farmers and the agro-food industry in adopting innovative and sustainable tools such as PB for complementing a high yield with premium quality.
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Alzahrani, Hayat, Kim Jackson, Ditte Hobbs, and Julie Lovegrove. "The Impact of Different Sources of Dietary Nitrate on Blood Pressure and Other Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in a Representative UK Population." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab044_003.
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Abstract Objectives To investigate the relationship between dietary nitrate consumption from vegetables (root and green leafy varieties), drinking water and cured meat, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a representative UK population, and determine whether the source (vegetables vs cured meats) impacts on these relationships. Methods For this analysis, we used data from the UK cross-sectional National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) years 1–8, which included 3407 men and women aged 19–64 y. Since data available on dietary analysis software for nitrate levels in vegetables and vegetable-based foods is very limited, a comprehensive database was first developed to evaluate the nitrate and nitrite levels in water, vegetables, cured meats and composite dishes to more accurately estimate the dietary nitrate intakes of the participants. The population was then classified into quartiles based on increasing daily nitrate intakes from vegetables (including drinking water) and meats. ANCOVA analysis determined the relationship between the level of nitrate intake from each dietary source with available data on biomarkers of CVD risk (BP, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), anthropometric measures and glycaemic control). Results Across increasing quartiles of dietary nitrate intake from vegetables, there were significant differences in systolic (P = 0.038) and diastolic (P = 0.014) BP, with significantly lower BP in Q3 than all other quartiles. Furthermore, nitrate intake from vegetables was significantly associated with lower glucose, glycated haemoglobin, CRP and total cholesterol concentrations in Q4 compare to Q1 (p = 0.046, p = 0.01, p = 0.03 and p = 0.04) respectively. In contrast, there were no changes in CVD markers including BP across quartiles of nitrate from meats. Conclusions Our findings suggest the source of dietary nitrate may play an important role in determining the relationship with BP, with an intake of between 95–130 mg/day from vegetables and drinking water associated with a lower BP. Funding Sources Hayat was supported by King Saud University (Saudi Arabia).
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Abrori, Indah Budiastutik, and Novia Marsela. "EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE CONTRACEPTIVE METODE AND PROTEIN CONSUMPTION IN BREAST MILK PRODUCTION DURING POSTPARTUM PERIOD." JURNAL BORNEO AKCAYA 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51266/borneoakcaya.v2i2.45.
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Background: the big issue reports on the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) among them; the low nutritional status, health of pregnant women, mothers and infants deaths caused by infection of the postpartum period. The main basic need to be aware of how mom is nutrition. A mother eating a balanced diet with the recommended, enough carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. But the problem of the shortage of animal protein and vegetable consumption affect production of breast milk on the first day of a thousand births. Breast feeding himself became an effective contraceptive method, known as the method of Amenorea Lactation (MAL). Intent and knowledge is the solution for those who have problems in breast feeding.
Aim: This study aimed to discover the correlation of knowledge, types of contraception,and protein intakeonbreast milk productionduringpost partum period at Puskesmas Beduai Kabupaten Sanggau Kapuas. An observational method, as well as a cross sectional approach, was carried out in this study. The samples were 89 mothers. While the instruments were questionnaires and observation sheets. The data were statistically anlyzed by using chi suare test.
Findings: The study revealed that the respondents were lack of knowledge on breastmilk production during postpartum (47.4%), used injectable contraception (51,7%), did not consume vegetable protein (56,2%), did not consume animal protein (60,7%), and had adequate breastmilk production . Thus, there were no correlation of knowledge (p=0,352), vegetable protein intake(value=0,407), animal protein intake (value=0,559), and breast milk productionduringpost partum period. However, there was correlation of types of contraception (value=0,033; OR=0,377) and breast milk productionduringpost partum period.
Conclusion:
There is no relationship between the knowledge with the production of breast milk during childbirth; the majority of respondents who use the birth control pills and syringe of type. There is no relationship between the consumption of vegetable protein with the production of breast milk; There is no relationship between the consumption of animal protein with the parturition period breast milk production
Suggestions: Postpartum mothers should enhance their knowledge and understanding about breastfeeding production and types of contraception for breastfeeding mothers through mass,electronic, and printed media.
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Getso, M. M., M. S. Sallau, S. E. Abechi, and S. Uba. "Effect of organic fertilizer on nutritional status of Hibiscus sabdariffa at a vegetative stage of growth." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (October 11, 2018): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v11i1.23.
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Field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, to determine the effects of organic fertilizer on the nutritional status of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle). The results obtained indicated the manure fertilizer to be higher in protein (20.910%) and crude fiber contents (12.047%), Zn (30.689mg/kg) and Cu (18.571mg/kg) concentrations, no Pb was detected at all. However, the difference that exists amongst the fertilizers (T2 and T3) and poultry manure (T1) was found to be insignificant in so many parameters. Therefore, the study work with regard to the findings revealed that organic fertilizer (poultry manure) had the potential over the inorganic fertilizers for the dietary nutrients yielding in vegetables Hibiscus sabdariffa. However, the information will economically favor our local farmers and users to adapt the cheapest poultry manure for the optimum yield of qualitative produce vegetable as prospective against malnutrition in Nigeria especially North East where endemically affected by war.Keywords: Roselle leaves, vegetative stage, proximate analysis, elements, Kano
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Green, A., S. Sher, N. Siri, N. Mizrahci, O. Koren, and Y. Dagan. "0167 The Effect of Nocturnal Dinner Type “Light” Versus “Heavy” on Sleep, Attention and Microbial Composition." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.165.
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Abstract Introduction Nutrition and sleep are two essential functions for the physiological existence of the organism. Furthermore, both have an acquired cultural, educational and social behavioral component. This study examined the effect of nocturnal dinner type (“light” vs. “heavy”) on the quality and quantity of sleep, attention abilities, fatigue, and mood in the following morning. In addition, the microbial composition was examined. Methods Twenty healthy subjects (10 men and 10 women), aged 25–33, were invited to two non-consecutive nights at the Sleep Institute for polysomnography test and filling out questionnaires: KSS; ESS; and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), attention abilities assessed with CPT-III. In one evening, the subjects consumed two hours before bedtime a “light” dinner based on vegetable ingredients (vegetables and vegetable proteins) with 342 calories that contained lentils, feta cheese, beet, and other vegetables. On the other evening, the subjects consumed two hours before bedtime a “heavy” dinner based on carbohydrates, fats, and animal protein with 501 calories that contained hamburger and French fries. In addition, subjects were required to give a microbial test before and after meals. Results There was no significant difference in the various sleep parameters between the two nights after each meal type: efficacy (t=-1.51,p=0.15); sleep latency stage 1 (t=1.81,p=0.08); sleep latency stage 2 (t=1.00,p=0.33); REM latency (t=0.57,p=0.57); total sleep time (t=-1.57,p=0.13); number of awakenings (t=0.30, p=0.76). No significant differences were found for: fatigue (KSS) (t=-0.30,p =0.77); sleepiness (ESS) (t=0.76,p =0.45); mood (BSI) (t=0.87,p =0.39); and attention deficit (CPT-III) (t=-0.68,p =0.50). The type of night meal did not show a significant effect on the microbial composition (H=0.059,p= 0.81). Conclusion The findings of this study show that, contrary to popular belief, “heavy” dinner did not affect the quality of sleep and functions measured in the study compared to a “light” dinner. In the current research, the population that was examined included only young and healthy subjects, therefore, the results may differ if the research in this field will extend and include other populations such as adults and subjects with different disorders. Future studies are needed to examine the relationships between sleep and nutrtion. Support No support
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Bhattarai, Geeta. "Amaranth: A Golden Crop for Future." Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology 2 (December 1, 2018): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v2i0.25854.
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Amaranth (Amaranthus), a member of amaranthaceous group of plants, is classified as a pseudo cereal and grown either as a grain crop or as a leafy vegetable. It is one of the few multi-purpose crops which can supply grains and tasty leafy vegetables. The grain has ability to grow in the dry and semi-dry lands due to its drought tolerant characteristics. It is rich in protein, lysine, carotenoids, dietary fiber, iron, vitamin C, vitamin A, riboflavin, thiamin, folic acid, calcium etc. Amaranth contain substantial amount of bioactive components such as tocopherol (α, β and γ), DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), anthocyanins, lutein and other phenolic compounds. The fat in amaranth seed is low but composed of essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic). Grain amaranth can be used as a flour ingredient for pancakes, bread, muffins, dumplings, crackers, cookies, puddings, porridge, cakes and as a roasted puffed snack. Vegetable types amaranth (also leaves of grain amaranth) are used to make curry, vegetable salads, steamed salad, boiled soups, stir fried, or baked to taste. The seeds and leaves of amaranth are used as herbal remedies and have nutraceutical value. Because of no gluten content, grain amaranth is valuable carbohydrate source for person having glutin intolerance problem. Seed or leaf of amaranths contains some antinutritional factors, such as saponins, tannins, phytic acid, oxalates, protease inhibitors, nitrates and phytohemagglutinins. Thermal processing in moist environment, prior to food use inactivates the antinutritional factors. The present paper briefly describes crop introduction, botany, chemical and nutritive composition, functional and bioactive components, antinutritional factors and food uses including new findings on functional properties of grain amaranth.
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Pan, Kathy, Joseph C. Larson, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Joanne E. Mortimer, JoAnn E. Manson, Linda Van Horn, Thomas E. Rohan, and Dorothy Lane. "Protein intake and breast cancer incidence and mortality." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.1569.
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1569 Background: Associations between dietary protein intake and breast cancer are unclear, in part due to limitations of dietary self-report. Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) investigators compared the accuracy of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data on energy and protein intake with objective measures of dietary intake using biomarkers (doubly labeled water for energy and urinary nitrogen for protein [n=544]). Subsequently, regression equations incorporating participant characteristics were developed acknowledging differential reporting dietary data errors based on participant characteristics (Neuhouser Am J Epidemiol). FFQ findings were then used to determine biomarker- adjusted animal vs vegetable protein ratios. Methods: We examined associations of energy and protein intake with breast cancer incidence and mortality in Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) participants 50-79 years of age at entry between1993-1998, with breast cancers verified by medical record review and survival enhanced by serial National Death Index (NDI) searches through 2016. Associations between sources of protein intake (animal versus vegetable) quintiles and breast cancer incidence and mortality were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: With 100,024 eligible participants, after 14 years follow-up, women with higher total protein intake had greater body mass index, were more likely White, menopausal hormone therapy users with higher total energy intake and fat intake. With 6,340 incident breast cancers, 764 deaths from breast cancer and 2,059 deaths after breast cancer, higher vegetable protein intake was associated with significantly lower breast cancer incidence (P for linear trend = 0.01) while higher animal protein intake was associated with significantly higher breast cancer incidence (P for linear trend = 0.03). Higher vegetable protein intake was also associated with significantly lower risk of death after breast cancer (P <0.001) but not with lower risk of deaths from breast cancer (breast cancer followed by death attributed to breast cancer). Animal protein intake was not associated with deaths from breast cancer or deaths after breast cancer. Conclusions: Based on findings from biomarker-calibrated determination of protein intake by source, higher vegetable protein intake was associated with significantly lower risk of breast cancer incidence and of death after breast cancer while higher animal protein intake was associated with significantly higher risk of breast cancer incidence, but not mortality.
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López-Bote, C. J., A. Diez, G. Corraze, J. Arzel, M. Alvarez, J. Dias, S. J. Kaushik, and J. M. Bautista. "Dietary protein source affects the susceptibility to lipid peroxidation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) muscle." Animal Science 73, no. 3 (December 2001): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058410.
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AbstractThis study was designed to explore the effect of protein source on muscle susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in two representative species of fish farmed for human consumption: the freshwater rainbow trout and the seawater European sea bass. Four isoproteic diets (digestible protein in the range 366 to 392 for rainbow trout and 391 to 415 g/kg for European sea bass) were formulated to contain one of the following as the main protein source: fish meal, warm water alcohol-extracted or toasted soya protein concentrates or maize gluten meal. Highest daily growth indices were always achieved using the diets based on fish meal as the main source of protein (P< 0·05). Fish of both species given diets containing maize gluten and the toasted soya protein concentrate showed slowest growth. The depressant growth effect of the vegetable protein concentrates was greater in sea bass than in rainbow trout. Dietary treatment was not correlated with any significant effect on whole-body composition or intramuscular fat content except for ash concentration in European sea bass. Under conditions of forced peroxidation in vitro for 240 min, muscle specimens of trout and sea bass given diets containing fish protein as the main source of protein showed the highest peroxidation levels (P< 0·05); while the lowest peroxidation values were found in fish given maize gluten-containing diets (P< 0·05). In the present case, the partial substitution of fish meal with vegetable proteins in diets led to a lower susceptibility of fish flesh to peroxidation. This finding may have applications in the production of fish of improved quality and longer shelf life.
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Río Segade, Susana, Maria Alessandra Paissoni, Mar Vilanova, Vincenzo Gerbi, Luca Rolle, and Simone Giacosa. "Phenolic Composition Influences the Effectiveness of Fining Agents in Vegan-Friendly Red Wine Production." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010120.
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Plant proteins have been proposed as an alternative to animal-origin proteins in the wine industry because they are allergen-free and vegan-friendly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of plant proteins as fining agents on red wines with different phenolic composition. Two formulations for commercially available vegetal proteins (potato and pea origin) were assessed at two doses to modulate the fining treatment to the wine phenolic profile. The results evidenced that fining agents derived from plants have different levels of effectiveness on the removal of phenolic compounds depending on the origin, the formulation used, dose applied, and also wine characteristics. On Nebbiolo wine, the study was particularly significant due to its phenolic composition. One pea-based fining agent had an effect comparable to gelatin (animal origin) on the removal of polymeric flavanols with a minor loss of anthocyanins and therefore better preserving the wine color in terms of intensity and hue. For Primitivo, Montepulciano, and Syrah wines, even though there was a formulation-dependent effect, vegetal proteins gave more balanced reductions in terms of target phenolic compounds contributing to astringency and color perception.
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Tayyem, Reema F., Tamara R. Qalqili, Rawan Ajeen, and Yaser M. Rayyan. "Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Findings from a Case-Control Study." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061889.
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Scientific evidence shows that dietary patterns are associated with the risk of IBD, particularly among unhealthy and Western dietary patterns. However, Western dietary patterns are not exclusive to Western countries, as Jordanians are steadily moving towards a Western lifestyle, which includes an increased consumption of processed foods. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk factors for IBD cases among Jordanian adults. This case-control study was conducted between November 2018 and December 2019 in the largest three hospitals in Jordan. Three hundred and thirty-five Jordanian adults aged between 18–68 years were enrolled in this study: one hundred and eighty-five IBD patients who were recently diagnosed with IBD (n = 100 for ulcerative colitis (UC) and n = 85 for Crohn’s disease (CD)) and 150 IBD-free controls. Participants were matched based on age and marital status. In addition, dietary data was collected from all participants using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine the dietary patterns. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a multinomial logistic regression model. Two dietary patterns were identified among the study participants: high-vegetable and high-protein dietary patterns. There was a significantly higher risk of IBD with high-protein intake at the third (OR, CI: 2.196 (1.046–4.610)) and fourth (OR, CI: 4.391 (2.67–8.506)) quartiles in the non-adjusted model as well as the other two adjusted models. In contrast, the high-vegetable dietary pattern shows a significant protective effect on IBD in the third and fourth quartiles in all the models. Thus, a high-vegetable dietary pattern may be protective against the risk of IBD, while a high-protein dietary pattern is associated with an increased risk of IBD among a group of the Jordanian population.
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Koch, Pamela A., Randi L. Wolf, Raynika J. Trent, Ian Yi Han Ang, Matthew Dallefeld, Elizabeth Tipton, Heewon L. Gray, Laura Guerra, and Jennifer Di Noia. "Wellness in the Schools: A Lunch Intervention Increases Fruit and Vegetable Consumption." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 3085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093085.
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Wellness in the Schools (WITS) is a national non-profit organization partnering with public schools to provide healthy, scratch cooked, less processed meals (called an Alternative Menu), and active recess. This study examined the effects of WITS programming on school lunch consumption, including fruit and vegetable intake, in second and third grade students in New York City public schools serving a high proportion of students from low-income households. The intervention was evaluated with a quasi-experimental, controlled design with 14 elementary schools (7 that had initiated WITS programming in fall 2015 and were designated as intervention schools, and 7 matched Control schools). School lunch consumption was assessed by anonymous observation using the System of Observational Cafeteria Assessment of Foods Eaten (SOCAFE) tool in the fall of 2015 (Time 0, early intervention) and the spring of 2016 (Time 1) and 2017 (Time 2). There were no baseline data. Data were also collected on the types of entrées served in the months of October, January, and April during the two school years of the study. Across time points, and relative to students in the Control schools, students in WITS schools ate more fruits and vegetables (units = cups): Time 0: Control 0.18 vs. WITS 0.28; Time 1: Control 0.25 vs. WITS 0.31; and Time 2: Control 0.19 vs. WITS 0.27; p < 0.001. They also had more fruits and vegetables (cups) on their trays, which included more vegetables from the salad bar. However, students in the WITS schools ate fewer entrées (grain and protein) and drank less milk than students in the Control schools. Compared to the Control schools, WITS schools offered more homestyle entrées and fewer finger foods and sandwich entrees, i.e., less processed food. Students in WITS schools who received the Alternative menu and all of the WITS programming at all data collection time points selected and consumed more fruits and vegetables. Replication studies with randomized designs and true baseline data are needed to confirm these findings and to identify avenues for strengthening the effects of the program on other school lunch components.
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Agostoni, Carlo, Enrica Riva, and Marcello Giovannini. "Dietary Fiber in Weaning Foods of Young Children." Pediatrics 96, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): 1002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.96.5.1002.
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Objective. An evaluation of the opportunity to introduce fiber in the diet of weaning infants. Methods. A descriptive review of the literature to assess the role of fiber in the following dietary interventions: (1) definition of the nutrient amounts that meet the weaning infant's physiologic needs; (2) modulation of digestive and absorption processes; and (3) improving the nutritional balance between the 6th and the 12th months of life and setting habitual dietary patterns for subsequent years. Findings. Whole cereals, nonstarchy vegetables, fruits, and legumes lower the caloric and proteic density of meals, modulate nutrient and antigen absorption, and provide bulk material. They supply proteins of low biological value, minimal amounts of lipids (mostly essential polyunsaturated), complex carbohydrates, and soluble fiber, which are fermented into short-chain fatty acids by the colonic flora, and insoluble fiber that modulates intestinal function. Minerals, trace elements, and vitamins add to the value of fiber-containing foods in the diet. Recent nutritional surveys indicate that the diets of 12-month-old infants tend to include too much animal proteins and to be too protein-dense, which could be corrected with an increase of fiber-containing foods. Conclusions. Fiber-containing foods share unique characteristics with nutritional and metabolic implications for the weaning infant. Whole cereals, green vegetables, and legumes should be routinely introduced during the weaning process to achieve a better nutritional balance and to accustom children to diets with fiber content. The daily intake of fiber should be gradually increased to 5 g/d during the second semester of life.
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Muthenna, P., C. Akileshwari, Megha Saraswat, and G. Bhanuprakash Reddy. "Inhibition of advanced glycation end-product formation on eye lens protein by rutin." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 7 (August 25, 2011): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511004077.
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Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) plays a key role in the several pathophysiologies associated with ageing and diabetes, such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, chronic renal insufficiency, Alzheimer's disease, nephropathy, neuropathy and cataract. This raises the possibility of inhibition of AGE formation as one of the approaches to prevent or arrest the progression of diabetic complications. Previously, we have reported that some common dietary sources such as fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices have the potential to inhibit AGE formation. Flavonoids are abundantly found in fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices, and rutin is one of the commonly found dietary flavonols. In the present study, we have demonstrated the antiglycating potential and mechanism of action of rutin using goat eye lens proteins as model proteins. Under in vitro conditions, rutin inhibited glycation as assessed by SDS-PAGE, AGE-fluorescence, boronate affinity chromatography and immunodetection of specific AGE. Further, we provided insight into the mechanism of inhibition of protein glycation that rutin not only scavenges free-radicals directly but also chelates the metal ions by forming complexes with them and thereby partly inhibiting post-Amadori formation. These findings indicate the potential of rutin to prevent and/or inhibit protein glycation and the prospects for controlling AGE-mediated diabetic pathological conditions in vivo.
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Saleh, Ahmad, Kingsley Cruickshank, Takisha Morancy, Giaynel Cordero, Nicholas Baglieri, and Mariana Markell. "Attitudes Towards Plant-Based Eating and Self Reported Vegetable Intake in Inner-City Kidney Patients: Relationship to BMI and Blood Pressure." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_059.
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Abstract Objectives A Plant-Based Eating (PBE) dietary pattern is reportedly beneficial for pts with kidney disease but attitudes of CKD/ESKD patients regarding plant-based eating and dietary habits have been rarely reported. Methods A face-to-face survey was conducted in a random convenience sample of people attending CKD clinic (15), Transplant clinic (12), and the Dialysis Unit (4). Pts were given multiple choice questions assessing their attitudes and understanding of plant-based eating and asked to estimate daily vegetable intake. No difference was noted among clinics so data were analyzed together. Comparisons are by t-test unless noted. Results Mean age was 54.7 ± 1.7 yrs with 16 (53%) men, 25 (80%)Black, 12 (40%) had an income < $20 K, with 10 (33%) between $20 K and 40 K. 10 (33%) were employed. 64.5% (20) were interested in learning more about PBE; 35% had never heard of PBE. 22(71%) reported that they consume animal protein 1–3x daily or more. 20 (57%) reported that they consume plant-based protein less than once a day or never. Pts who did not eat vegetables regularly had a higher BMI than those who ate plants more frequently (30.9 ± 1.86 vs 26.3 ± 0.96, P < 0.05), and higher systolic and diastolic BP (144.3 ± 5.9 vs 126 ± 5.2, P < 0.05 and 77.9 ± 3.5 vs 66.3 ± 4.1, P = 0.019) and were less likely to take herbal or non-vitamin supplements (1% vs 54%, P = 0.007 by Chi square). As regards beliefs about PBE, 46.4% believe it would be difficult to find things to eat at restaurants, 51.7% thought it would be difficult to buy food or groceries on a budget, 46.4% thought they could not get all the protein they need from plant-based foods without eating animal meat or products and 40.7% thought it would be hard to get all the vitamins and nutrients and 63.1% thought it would be easy to find recipes that taste good. Conclusions In our population: 1. The majority of pts were interested in learning about PBE and had heard of it. 2. The majority ate few to no vegetables on a daily basis. 3. Possible obstacles to introducing PBE are common misconceptions including difficulty of affording food, getting enough protein and finding something to eat when eating out. 4. Intensive educational programs targeted towards our population should be developed as pts who ate more vegetables had lower BMI and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in general PBE has been shown to be beneficial for pts with CKD/ESKD. Funding Sources None.
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Yao, Yuanhang, Darel Wee Kiat Toh, Yang Kai Chan, and Jung Eun Kim. "Improvement of the Carotenoids Bioaccessibility from Vegetable Salads Using Excipient Emulsions: Impacts of the Emulsification and the Type of Dietary Fats." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab034_015.
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Abstract Objectives Carotenoids which are rich in fruits and vegetables, are known for their health-promoting benefits. However, due to their hydrophobicity, carotenoids are poorly absorbed in human body and there is a need to improve their absorption. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the emulsification and the type of dietary fat on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from vegetable salads. Methods Oil-in-water emulsions were formed using the high-pressure homogenizer with whey protein isolate as the emulsifier. A mixture of raw vegetable salads, including tomatoes, baby spinach, carrots, romaine lettuce and Chinese wolfberry, were co-digested with 4 different types of dietary fats: olive oil-in-water emulsion (OLE), olive oil-water mixture (OLN), coconut oil-in-water emulsion (COE) and coconut oil-water mixture (CON). The bioaccessibility of 5 main carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene and lycopene) was evaluated via a simulated in-vitro gastrointestinal model and the carotenoids were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results The bioaccessibility (mean ± SD) of total carotenoids was enhanced when vegetable salads were co-digested with the oil-in-water emulsion (23.5 ± 2.8%) than the oil-water mixture (15.4 ± 7.6%) (P < 0.05). Specifically, OLE showed an increase in the bioaccessibility of α-carotene (OLE: 24.5 ± 2.4%, OLN: 19.0 ± 0.6%, P < 0.05) and β-carotene (OLE: 20.4 ± 1.0%, OLN: 14.6 ± 2.5%, P < 0.05), compared to OLN, while no differences were observed for lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene. On the other hand, COE resulted in higher bioaccessibility of all the individual carotenoids as compared to CON (P < 0.05), except for the zeaxanthin. Overall, the bioaccessibility of total carotenoids was higher with olive oil (24.0 ± 2.8%) than coconut oil (14.9 ± 6.9%) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Findings from this study indicate that emulsification of dietary fats and olive oil enhance the bioaccessibility of carotenoids. Using excipient olive oil-in-water emulsion in particular, may be a potential way to improve the absorption of carotenoids when it is added into the carotenoids-rich vegetable salads as salads dressing. Funding Sources National University of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research.
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Chen, Lingling, Shuli Du, Honghua Song, Jing Chen, Cuiting Lv, and Chunhui Li. "The Effect of Dietary Protein Intake on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (December 14, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8368113.
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Background. The results of epidemiological studies on the association between dietary protein intake and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are controversial. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies were established to attain comprehensive findings regarding the association between dietary protein and the risk of GDM. Methods. Bibliographic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to discover papers related to dietary protein and the risk of GDM. The summary relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through a random effect model for the analysis of the highest versus the lowest categories of dietary proteins. Results. A significantly increased risk of GDM among women who consumed the highest amount of animal protein was observed (summarized risk estimate: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.17; I2 = 50.8%). No significant associations were identified regarding vegetable protein (summarized risk estimate:0.99, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.23, I2 = 63.8%) and total protein (summarized risk estimate: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.41; I2 = 35.4%). Conclusion. This review revealed that total protein intake had no relationship with the risk of GDM, while animal protein increases this risk. Further larger prospective cohort studies are required to confirm our results.
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Alkerwi, Ala’a, Nicolas Sauvageot, Jonathan D. Buckley, Anne-Françoise Donneau, Adelin Albert, Michèle Guillaume, and Georgina E. Crichton. "The potential impact of animal protein intake on global and abdominal obesity: evidence from the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX) study." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 10 (January 22, 2015): 1831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014002596.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of total animal protein intake and protein derived from different dietary sources (meat; fish and shellfish; eggs; milk products) with global and abdominal obesity among adults in Luxembourg.DesignBinary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between animal protein intake (as a percentage of total energy intake) and global obesity (BMI≥30·0 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women), after controlling for potential confounders.SettingObservation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX) study.SubjectsThe study population was derived from a national cross-sectional stratified sample of 1152 individuals aged 18–69 years, recruited between November 2007 and January 2009.ResultsThere was an independent positive association between total animal protein intake and both global (OR=1·18; 95 % CI 1·12, 1·25) and abdominal obesity (OR=1·14; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·20) after adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking, physical activity and intakes of total fat, carbohydrate, fibre, and fruit and vegetables. Protein intakes from meat, fish and shellfish were positively associated with global and abdominal obesity with further adjustment for vegetal protein and other sources of animal-derived protein (all P<0·01). Protein derived from eggs or milk products was unrelated to global or abdominal obesity.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that protein derived from animal sources, in particular from meat, fish and shellfish, may be associated with increased risk of both global and abdominal obesity among presumably healthy adults in Luxembourg. These findings suggest that lower animal protein intakes may be important for maintenance of healthy body weight.
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Biswas, Swagata, Pranabesh Ghosh, Alolika Dutta, Maitrayee Biswas, and Sirshendu Chatterjee. "Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Constituents, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Common Vegetable Wastes." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 9, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.9.1.07.
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Vegetables are intrinsic to a healthy diet. But the peels are discarded as food waste, unknowing of their potential as the source of bioactive compounds. The study aims to find the nutritional constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of these food wastes. Here we make a comparative investigation among the five underutilized vegetable parts namely, Solanum tuberosum (Potato peel), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber peel), Musa acuminata (Unripe Banana peel), Brassica oleracea (Cauliflower stem), Lagenaria siceraria (Bottle gourd peel). After the primary screening, including proximate and qualitative analysis, the quantification of primary and secondary metabolites as well as minerals was estimated by different standard methods. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by both DPPH and H2O2 radical scavenging assays. Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) strains of bacteria compared with positive and negative controls. From the proximate analysis, the highest moisture and water content were found in the peel sample of Lagenaria siceraria. Out of ten qualitative tests, protein, fatty acid, flavonoid, alkaloid and xanthoprotein were detected in all five samples. Among the quantitative estimations, Lagenaria siceraria showed the highest amount of polysaccharides (85.82±0.12 mg DE/g DW), ascorbic acid (2.48±0.14 mg AAE/g FW), thiamine (24.46±0.13 mg TE/g DW), polyphenols (86.36±0.10 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (49.59±0.07 mg QE/g DW), minerals like K, Ca and Mg and 72.35±0.40% inhibition by DPPH. Simultaneously a significant amount of protein (63.59±0.13 mg BSAE/g FW), the amino acid (7.84±0.02 mg AAE/g DW), minerals like Na, Zn and B and 88.76±0.10% inhibition by H2O2 were found in Cucumis sativus. At a higher concentration, all samples were exhibited significant antimicrobial activity which laid out a strong correlation with previously screened phytonutrients and antioxidants. The overall findings suggested that these underutilized vegetable parts can be utilized in the processing of potential functional foods as well as pharmaceuticals rather than thrown out as agro-waste.
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Merah, Othmane, Bouchra Sayed-Ahmad, Thierry Talou, Zeinab Saad, Muriel Cerny, Sarah Grivot, Philippe Evon, and Akram Hijazi. "Biochemical Composition of Cumin Seeds, and Biorefining Study." Biomolecules 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10071054.
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A new biorefinery approach has been developed in the present study, and applied on cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seeds as a potential source of phytochemicals of interest. Cumin is a popular spice used widely for its distinctive aroma. It is a rich reserve of both vegetable and essential oils. The biorefinery approach here focused on the evaluation of the influence of four different geographical origins (i.e., Lebanon, France, Algeria and Syria) on oil yield and quality in cumin seed, and on the valorization of remaining by-products by investigating their nutritional content and biological activity for the first time. Vegetable and essential oils were extracted, and their compositions were determined. Nutritional traits were also assessed. The delipidated and hydrodistillated cakes just as aromatic water were characterized for their fiber, sugar, protein, phenol and flavonoid contents. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were also determined. Cumin seeds showed high contents in both vegetable and essential oils, proteins and sugars regardless their origin. Moreover, this Apiaceae species exhibited high levels of petroselinic fatty acid (an isomer of oleic acid) and sterols. Cakes and aromatic water also presented high levels of proteins, fibers, sugars and phenols. These residues revealed interesting antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These results emphasized the potential use of cumin in a biorefinery concept, with a multi-purpose industrial process. In addition, large differences were observed between the four geographical origins for phytochemical contents and compositions. These findings highlight the perspectives for developing selection programs for nutritional traits and industrial interests. All obtained results validate the health promoting effect of cumin composition as well as its industrial importance along with the residues.
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Abadía-García, Lucía, Eduardo Castaño-Tostado, Anaberta Cardador-Martínez, Sandra Teresita Martín-del-Campo, and Silvia L. Amaya-Llano. "Production of ACE Inhibitory Peptides from Whey Proteins Modified by High Intensity Ultrasound Using Bromelain." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092099.
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High Intensity Ultrasound (HIUS) can induce modification of the protein structure. The combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound is an interesting strategy to improve the release of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. In this study, whey proteins were pretreated with HIUS at two levels of amplitude (30 and 50%) for 10 min, followed by hydrolysis using the vegetable protease bromelain. The hydrolysates obtained were ultrafiltrated and their fractions were submitted to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The conformational changes induced by HIUS on whey proteins were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and intrinsic spectroscopy. It was found that both levels of ultrasound pretreatment significantly decreased the IC50 value (50% Inhibitory Concentration) of the hydrolysates in comparison with the control (α = 0.05). After this treatment, HIUS-treated fractions were shown as smaller in size and fractions between 1 and 3 kDa displayed the highest ACE inhibition activity. HIUS promoted significant changes in whey protein structure, inducing, unfolding, and aggregation, decreasing the content of α-helix, and increasing β-sheets structures. These findings prove that ultrasound treatment before enzymatic hydrolysis is an innovative and useful strategy that modifies the peptide profile of whey protein hydrolysates and enhances the production of ACE inhibitory peptides.
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Randazzo, Basilio, Matteo Zarantoniello, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Roberto Cerri, Elisabetta Giorgini, Alessia Belloni, Michela Contò, Emilio Tibaldi, and Ike Olivotto. "Hermetia illucens and Poultry by-Product Meals as Alternatives to Plant Protein Sources in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Diet: A Multidisciplinary Study on Fish Gut Status." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030677.
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The attempt to replace marine-derived ingredients for aquafeed formulation with plant-derived ones has met some limitations due to their negative side effects on many fish species. In this context, finding new, sustainable ingredients able to promote fish welfare is currently under exploration. In the present study, poultry by-products and Hermetia illucens meal were used to replace the vegetable protein fraction in diets totally deprived of fish meal intended for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). After a 12-week feeding trial, a multidisciplinary approach including histological, molecular, and spectroscopic techniques was adopted to investigate intestine and liver responses to the different dietary formulations. Regardless of the alternative ingredient used, the reduction in dietary vegetable proteins resulted in a lower incidence of intestine histological alterations and inflammatory responses. In addition, the dietary inclusion of insect meal positively affected the reduction in the molecular inflammatory markers analyzed. Spectroscopic analyses showed that poultry by-product meal improved lipid absorption in the intestine, while insect meal induced increased liver lipid deposition in fish. The results obtained demonstrated that both poultry by-products and H. illucens meal can successfully be used to replace plant-derived ingredients in diets for gilthead seabream, promoting healthy aquaculture.
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Hashiguchi, Akiko, Hisateru Yamaguchi, Keisuke Hitachi, and Kazuo Watanabe. "An Optimized Protein Extraction Method for Gel-Free Proteomic Analysis of Opuntia Ficus-Indica." Plants 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010115.
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Opuntia spp. is an economically important vegetable crop with high stress-tolerance and health benefits. However, proteomic analysis of the plant has been difficult due to the composition of its succulent cladodes; the abundant polysaccharides interfere with protein extraction. To facilitate proteomic analysis of this plant, we present a rapid and simple protein extraction method for Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller. The optimized method produced highly reproducible protein patterns and was compatible with a gel-free quantitative workflow without the need for additional purification. We successfully analyzed the cladode mesocarp and exocarp tissues, resulting in the identification of 319 proteins. In addition, we used this method to examine the relative changes in the Opuntia proteome in response to salt stress to determine whether physiological changes could be captured. Qualified observations were obtained, revealing that salt stress increased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase abundance and decreased ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase in young O. ficus-indica plants. These findings suggest that Crassulacean acid metabolism is promoted under salinity. This study highlights the efficacy of our optimized protein extraction method for elucidating the metabolic adaptations of Opuntia using gel-free proteomic analysis.
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Hashiguchi, Akiko, Hisateru Yamaguchi, Keisuke Hitachi, and Kazuo Watanabe. "An Optimized Protein Extraction Method for Gel-Free Proteomic Analysis of Opuntia Ficus-Indica." Plants 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010115.
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Opuntia spp. is an economically important vegetable crop with high stress-tolerance and health benefits. However, proteomic analysis of the plant has been difficult due to the composition of its succulent cladodes; the abundant polysaccharides interfere with protein extraction. To facilitate proteomic analysis of this plant, we present a rapid and simple protein extraction method for Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller. The optimized method produced highly reproducible protein patterns and was compatible with a gel-free quantitative workflow without the need for additional purification. We successfully analyzed the cladode mesocarp and exocarp tissues, resulting in the identification of 319 proteins. In addition, we used this method to examine the relative changes in the Opuntia proteome in response to salt stress to determine whether physiological changes could be captured. Qualified observations were obtained, revealing that salt stress increased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase abundance and decreased ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase in young O. ficus-indica plants. These findings suggest that Crassulacean acid metabolism is promoted under salinity. This study highlights the efficacy of our optimized protein extraction method for elucidating the metabolic adaptations of Opuntia using gel-free proteomic analysis.
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Tschiersch, Christopher, Martin Pour Nikfardjam, Oliver Schmidt, and Wolfgang Schwack. "Degree of hydrolysis of some vegetable proteins used as fining agents and its influence on polyphenol removal from red wine." European Food Research and Technology 231, no. 1 (March 12, 2010): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-010-1253-3.
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He, Jian-Rong, Ming-Yang Yuan, Nian-Nian Chen, Jin-Hua Lu, Cui-Yue Hu, Wei-Bi Mai, Rui-Fang Zhang, et al. "Maternal dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus: a large prospective cohort study in China." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 8 (March 30, 2015): 1292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515000707.
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Few studies have explored the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Evidence from non-Western areas is particularly lacking. In the present study, we aimed to examine the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of GDM in a Chinese population. A total of 3063 pregnant Chinese women from an ongoing prospective cohort study were included. Data on dietary intake were collected using a FFQ at 24–27 weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed using a 75 g, 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary patterns were determined by principal components factor analysis. A log-binomial regression model was used to examine the associations between dietary pattern and the risk of GDM. The analysis identified four dietary patterns: vegetable pattern; protein-rich pattern; prudent pattern; sweets and seafood pattern. Multivariate analysis showed that the highest tertile of the vegetable pattern was associated with a decreased risk of GDM (relative risk (RR) 0·79, 95 % CI 0·64, 0·97), compared with the lowest tertile, whereas the highest tertile of the sweets and seafood pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM (RR 1·23, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·49). No significant association was found for either the protein-rich or the prudent pattern. The protective effect of a high vegetable pattern score was more evident among women who had a family history of diabetes (P for interaction = 0·022). These findings suggest that the vegetable pattern was associated with a decreased risk of GDM, while the sweets and seafood pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM. These findings may be useful in dietary counselling during pregnancy.
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Gete, Dereje G., Michael Waller, and Gita D. Mishra. "Effects of maternal diets on preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review." British Journal of Nutrition 123, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 446–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519002897.
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AbstractCurrent evidence indicates that maternal diets before and during pregnancy could influence rates of preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) births. However, findings have been inconsistent. This review summarised evidence concerning the effects of maternal diets before and during pregnancy on preterm birth, LBW and SGA. Systematic electronic database searches were carried out using PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane library using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The review included forty eligible articles, comprising mostly of prospective cohort studies, with five randomised controlled trials. The dietary patterns during pregnancy associated with a lower risk of preterm birth were commonly characterised by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish and dairy products. Those associated with a lower risk of SGA also had similar characteristics, including high consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, seafood/fish and milk products. Results from a limited number of studies suggested there was a beneficial effect on the risk of preterm birth of pre-pregnancy diet quality characterised by a high intake of fruits and proteins and less intake of added sugars, saturated fats and fast foods. The evidence was mixed for the relationship between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and LBW. These findings indicate that better maternal diet quality during pregnancy, characterised by a high intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, dairy products and protein diets, may have a synergistic effect on reducing the risk of preterm birth and SGA.
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Cruz-Chamorro, Ivan, Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez, Guillermo Santos-Sánchez, Justo Pedroche, María-Soledad Fernández-Pachón, Francisco Millán, María Carmen Millán-Linares, et al. "Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of Wheat Gluten Protein Hydrolysates in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061673.
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Peptides from several plant food proteins not only maintain the nutritional values of the original protein and decrease the environmental impact of animal agriculture, but also exert biological activities with significant health-beneficial effects. Wheat is the most important food grain source in the world. However, negative attention on wheat-based products has arose due to the role of gluten in celiac disease. A controlled enzymatic hydrolysis could reduce the antigenicity of wheat gluten protein hydrolysates (WGPHs). Therefore, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of the in vitro administration of Alcalase-generated WGPHs on the immunological and antioxidant responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 39 healthy subjects. WGPH treatment reduced cell proliferation and the production of the Type 1 T helper (Th1) and Th17 pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17, respectively. WPGHs also improved the cellular anti-inflammatory microenvironment, increasing Th2/Th1 and Th2/Th17 balances. Additionally, WGPHs improved global antioxidant capacity, increased levels of the reduced form of glutathione and reduced nitric oxide production. These findings, not previously reported, highlight the beneficial capacity of these vegetable protein hydrolysates, which might represent an effective alternative in functional food generation.
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Chen, Grace Q., Won Nyeong Kim, Kumiko Johnson, Mid-Eum Park, Kyeong-Ryeol Lee, and Hyun Uk Kim. "Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Lipid Genes in Physaria lindheimeri, a Genetic Resource for Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Seed Oil." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020514.
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Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) have numerous industrial applications but are absent in most vegetable oils. Physaria lindheimeri accumulating 85% HFA in its seed oil makes it a valuable resource for engineering oilseed crops for HFA production. To discover lipid genes involved in HFA synthesis in P. lindheimeri, transcripts from developing seeds at various stages, as well as leaf and flower buds, were sequenced. Ninety-seven percent clean reads from 552,614,582 raw reads were assembled to 129,633 contigs (or transcripts) which represented 85,948 unique genes. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that 60% of the contigs matched proteins involved in biological process, cellular component or molecular function, while the remaining matched unknown proteins. We identified 42 P. lindheimeri genes involved in fatty acid and seed oil biosynthesis, and 39 of them shared 78–100% nucleotide identity with Arabidopsis orthologs. We manually annotated 16 key genes and 14 of them contained full-length protein sequences, indicating high coverage of clean reads to the assembled contigs. A detailed profiling of the 16 genes revealed various spatial and temporal expression patterns. The further comparison of their protein sequences uncovered amino acids conserved among HFA-producing species, but these varied among non-HFA-producing species. Our findings provide essential information for basic and applied research on HFA biosynthesis.
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Lander, Eric M., Betsy C. Wertheim, Stephanie M. Koch, Zhao Chen, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, and Cynthia A. Thomson. "Vegetable protein intake is associated with lower gallbladder disease risk: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative prospective cohort." Preventive Medicine 88 (July 2016): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.016.
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Pathan, Safiullah, Frieda Eivazi, Babu Valliyodan, Kamalendu Paul, Grato Ndunguru, and Kerry Clark. "Nutritional Composition of the Green Leaves of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)." Journal of Food Research 8, no. 6 (October 16, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n6p55.
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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grain is often eaten worldwide as a healthy food, but consuming nutrient-rich quinoa leaves as a leafy green vegetable is uncommon. This study evaluated the potentiality of leafy green quinoa as a major source of protein, amino acids, and minerals in the human diet. Also, the study compared the nutrient content of quinoa leaves with those of amaranth and spinach leaves. The proximate analysis of quinoa dry leaves showed a higher amount (g/100 g dry weight) of protein (37.05) than amaranth (27.45) and spinach (30.00 g). Furthermore, a lower amount of carbohydrate (34.03) was found in quinoa leaves compared to amaranth (47.90) and spinach (43.78 g). A higher amount of essential amino acids was found in quinoa leaves relative to those of amaranth and spinach. The highest amounts (mg/100 g dry weight) of minerals in quinoa dry leaves were copper (1.12), manganese (26.49), and potassium (8769.00 mg), followed by moderate amounts of calcium (1535.00), phosphorus (405.62), sodium (15.12), and zinc (6.79 mg). Our findings suggest that quinoa leaves can be consumed as a green vegetable with an excellent source of nutrients. Therefore, we endorse the inclusion of quinoa in the leafy green vegetable group.
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Bae, Dongryeoul, Keun Seok Seo, Ting Zhang, and Chinling Wang. "Characterization of a Potential Listeria monocytogenes Virulence Factor Associated with Attachment to Fresh Produce." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 22 (August 23, 2013): 6855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01006-13.
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ABSTRACTA study to determine the attachment ofL. monocytogenesserotype 4b strain F2365 on vegetables and fruits was conducted. In an initial study, we screened 32 genes encoding surface proteins and lipases of the strain to find highly expressed genes on lettuce leaves. The results showed that transcription levels of LMOf2365_0413, LMOf2365_0498, LMOf2365_0859, LMOf2365_2052, and LMOf2365_2812 were significantly upregulated on lettuce leaves.In silicoanalysis showed that LMOf2365_0859 contains a putative cellulose binding domain. Thus, we hypothesized that this gene may be involved in an attachment to vegetables, and named itlcp(gene encodingListeriacellulose binding protein [LCP]).lcpmutant (Δlcp) andlcpcomplement (F2365::pMAD::cat::lcp) strains were generated by homologous recombination. The abilities of a wild-type (WT) strain, the Δlcpstrain, and the complemented strain to attach to lettuce leaves were evaluated, which indicated that the attachment of the Δlcpstrain to lettuce was significantly less than that of the WT and the complemented strains. Similar results were observed for baby spinach and cantaloupe. Fluorescence microscopy and field emission scanning microscopy analysis further supported these findings. The binding ofL. monocytogenesto cellulose was determined using cellulose acetate-coated plates. The results showed that a binding ability of the Δlcpstrain was significantly lower than that of the wild type. Combined, these results strongly suggest that LCP plays an important role in an attachment to vegetables and fruits.