Academic literature on the topic 'Vegetable Northern Territory'

Introduction. The proximity of mining enterprises to settlements contributes to the pollution of the soil cover with heavy metals. Crops grown in garden plots accumulate chemical elements and are an intermediate link in the “soil - plant - human” chain. Purpose of the work. Assessment of the level of anthropogenic load on the territory adjacent to the mining enterprise, based on the study of the translocation of metals in the soil - plant system. Materials and methods. For the purpose of hygienic assessment of the chemical composition of the soil and vegetable products grown on it, the content of 7 microelements was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. With the help of the coefficient of concentration of a chemical substance (Kc) and the total indicator of pollution (Zc), the level of chemical contamination of soils was determined. Using the total coefficient of anthropogenic load (Ka.n. = ∑Ci/PDUi), the territory was ranked according to the contamination of vegetables with toxic elements. The rate of accumulation of metals by vegetable crops was assessed by the coefficient of biological absorption (Ax) and the index of biochemical activity of the species (BAS). Results. The soil cover in the district is contaminated with a complex of metals, the content of gross forms of which exceeds the MPC by up to 1.9 times, mobile - up to 4.6 times. At a distance of up to 5 km around the mining enterprise, the maximum indicators of the total soil pollution (Zc = 44-65) have been established. Lead and zinc are elements of “biological accumulation” for all types of studied vegetable products grown in the zone of influence of the mining enterprise; cadmium is additionally concentrated in beets and carrots, and nickel in carrots. In vegetable samples, exceeding the permissible levels of cadmium and lead was noted. The most significant accumulation of heavy metals was found in the southern, southeastern, northern and northwestern directions from emissions. Conclusion. To eliminate the toxic effects of heavy metals in vegetables produced in the zone of influence of mining enterprises, it is recommended to include additional monitoring of nickel and zinc content in the social and hygienic monitoring system.

The content of nitrates in vegetables is a rather urgent problem and is of interest to structures that control and regulate the possible consequences of an excessive amount of nitrates for human health. The main causes and features of food pollution are shown: irrigation of fields with water containing wastewater from industrial enterprises, excessive and uncontrolled use of fertilizers, conditions for growing vegetables and seasonality.The process of environmental pollution with nitrates, in particular, surface water resources, is considered. An analysis of the suitability of surface water for irrigation was carried out near the villages of Andreevka, Shevchenkovskoye, Zavyalovka, Annensky quarry and Ternovsky district of Krivoy Rog and showed that the content of nitrates does not exceed the MPC. The reasons for the accumulation of nitrates in plant products are shown. The transformations of nitrate ions and their toxic effect on the human body are given. The paper also outlines the main ways to reduce the content of nitrates in crop production. A quantitative analysis of nitrate ions in vegetable raw materials in the spring-autumn period was carried out: cucumbers, cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, carrots and onions by the iodometric method, the express method based on the use of a diphenylamine reagent and the express method. method using the GreenTest nitrate tester, grown on the territory near such enterprises as the Northern and Ingulets GOK. The content of nitrates exceeds MPC in early potatoes and tomatoes.

Gladioli can be affected with 15 species of viruses, which cause significant economic losses to both floriculture and agriculture. The most prevalent and harmful for gladioli are Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), circulating on the territory of Ukraine on vegetable, legume and other crops, and also Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), which is included into the List of regulated pests of Ukraine and is the subject to strict control. The aim of the work was to conduct testing of gladiolus plants for the presence of viral infection symptoms and to test them for the affection with the most widespread and dangerous viruses, namely: BYMV, CMV, TRSV. Visual diagnostics, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in DAS-ELISA modification, transmission electron microscopy method and statistical data analysis were used in this research. The results of the studies showed absence of TRSV in all tested samples. For the first time in Ukraine, it has been established that gladioli are infected by Bean yellow mosaic virus. Its circulation on gladioli has been registered in Poltava, Kyiv and Sumy regions. Gladioli were also found to be affected by CMV or mixed infection of these pathogens. Gladioli infection by BYMV and CMV in Kyiv region is 88.2% and 93.8%, in Poltava – 69.2% and 55.5%, in Sumy – 66.6% and 0%, respectively. Typical symptoms on gladiolus plants caused by CMV and BYMV isolates are leaf chlorotic stripes and flower color break, less often – spotting on the leaves and plant stunting. It has been revealed that affection of gladioli by CMV and BYMV can be asymptomatic. The diversity, nature and course of viral infections in gladioli demonstrate the relevance of further research and their monitoring in Ukraine.

In Belarus Republic the increase tendency in size and number of emissions per square kilometer of the territory from stationary sources is observed in case of decrease in emissions from mobile sources in recent years. Among separate ingredients across the Gomel region growth of sulfur dioxide in emissions from engineering procedures stationary sources is noted that in total is a negative factor for growth and development of region vegetation. The vegetable cover which is characterized by lack of an opportunity to avoid technogenic impact in comparison with other indicators is the most indicative and quickly reacting indicator of industrial enterprises activities influence. Features of sheet device of wood plants morphometry of plants adaptation strategy element in the conditions of technogenic impact and in habitats various on soil wealth and productivity were studied by many researchers in detail. Besides, the lichenindikation belongs to one of effective environment pollution indication methods. However, comparative assessment of the various biological parameters indicator importance and reasons of the most informative characteristics complex for determination of territorial complexes transformation under the industrial influence production is most urgent for extent assessment of ecosystems transformation under the technogenic impact influence. Proceeding from the aforesaid, the work purpose consists in determination of such informative bioindicator indicators as a sheet plate morphometry and a lichensmonitoring for vegetation technogenic change assessment in impact industrial enterprises zone of Gomel city. As research objects were chosen a drooping birch Betula pendula, a white poplar Populus deltoides and a maple acutifoliate Acer platanoides. These trees are one of the most widespread and the researched territories which are often found on. Collection of plant material was carried out during the vegetative period (July, August) 2015– 2016. From each pilot tree (3–5 on each site) from height of 1,5–2 m from the surface of the soil broke 20–25 intact most developed leaves at which determined length, width of a sheet plate. For carrying out a lichenmonitoring used a method of visual assessment and a method of linear crossings. As a result of the comparative analysis of most widespread representatives of wood plants sheet plate length and width it was established that the morphometry of drooping birch leaves Betula pendula and maple acutifoliate Acer platanoides and their standard deviation from average value increases in process of decrease industrial enterprises level technogenic influence in 2015–2016, except for white poplar Populus deltoides leaf length in 2015–2016, and also a standard deviation of drooping birch Betula pendula leaves morphometry and white poplar Populus deltoides in 2015 in the northern industrial zone. The sheet device of inspection zones is characterized by larger sizes in comparison with industrial zones. The dispersive analysis results demonstrate that sheet plate wood plants morphometric parameters statistically authentically differ in case of various size technogenic pollution action on their forming and development that confirms a use this criterion possibility for atmospheric air pollution indication. As a result of a lichenmonitoring growth of bushy lichens in zones with lower technogenic loading and more considerable projective covering the crustose lichens on trees bark from more intensive technogenic influence territory is established. Perhaps effectively to use the integrated approach considering the sheet device morphometric analysis and a lichenmonitoring for vegetable cover indication of technogenic influence.

Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования четырех партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота в разных климатических зонах. Проблема адаптации теплолюбивых культур при возделывании их в промышленных условиях и личных подсобных хозяйствах возникает на территории Российской Федерации повсеместно. Выращивание огурца усложняют высокие требования растений к уровню освещения и температурному режиму. Поиск путей решения этого вопроса при селекции огурца – один из важных этапов научных исследований. Цель работы – оценка и подбор перспективных партенокарпических гибридов огурца для товаропроизводителей овощной продукции с высокими адаптационными качествами при их возделывании в различных почвенно-климатических условиях. Исследования проводили в ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО Кировской области (II световая зона, cумма ФАР – 400-580 кал/см2), в агрофирме «Поиск» Московской области (III световая зона, cумма ФАР – 610-970 кал/см2), в ССЦ «Ростовский» Ростовской области (VI световая зона, сумма ФАР – 1770-2080 кал/см2) в условиях необогреваемых теплиц в 2018-2020 годах. В результате оценки по хозяйственно полезным признакам в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота в трех световых зонах определены адаптационные способности партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов селекции агрофирмы «Поиск»: F1 Новатор, F1 Пилигрим, F1 Реванш, F1 Экспресс. Отмечено существенное влияние климатических условий на продолжительность периода плодоношения культуры огурца. Установлена средняя урожайность огурца в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота в зависимости от региона выращивания, которая составила в Московской области 25,3 кг/м2; в Кировской области – 14,2 кг/м2; в Ростовской области - 31,9 кг/м2. Определена средняя урожайность гибридов в трех регионах: F1 Новатор – 24,8 кг/м2; F1 Пилигрим – 25,1 кг/м2; F1 Реванш – 22,1 кг/м2; F1Экспресс – 23,2 кг/м2. По результатам исследовательской работы для рационального выращивания овощной продукции в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота Южного и Центрального федеральных округов с.-х. товаропроизводителям рекомендованы партенокарпические раннеспелые гетерозисные гибриды огурца F1 Новатор, F1 Пилигрим, F1Экспресс; северных регионов – гибриды F1 Новатор, F1Пилигрим и F1 Реванш. The results of an experimental study of four parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids under the conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring-summer rotation in different climatic zones are presented. The problem of adaptation of warm-weather crops at cultivating in industrial conditions and personal subsidiary farms arises everywhere on the territory of the Russian Federation. The cultivation of cucumber is aggravated by high requirements of plants for lighting level and temperature conditions. The search for solution for this issue in cucumber breeding is one of the most important stages of scientific research. The aim of the research is to evaluate and select promising parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids for vegetable producers with high adaptive qualities in various soil and climatic conditions. The research was carried out in ARRIVG – a branch of FSBSI “Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre” in the Kirov region (II light zone, the amount of PAR – 400-580 сal/cm2), in the Poisk agrofirm in the Moscow region (III light zone, the amount of PAR – 610-970 cal/cm2), in the Rostov SBC in the Rostov region (VI light zone, the amount of PAR – 1770-2080 cal/cm2), under the conditions of unheated greenhouses during 2018-2020. The adaptive abilities of parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids bred by the Poisk agrofirm – F1 Novator, F1Piligrim, F1 Revansh, F1 Express – were determined under the conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring – summer rotation in the III light zones. The significant influence of climatic conditions on the duration of fruiting period of cucumber was noted. The average yield of the cucumbers under the conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring–summer rotation, depending on the growing region, was established, which was 25.3 kg/m2in the Moscow region; 14.2 kg / m2 in the Kirov region; 31.9 kg/m2in the Rostov region. The average yield of the hybrids in the three regions was stated: F1 Novator – 24.8 kg/m2; F1 Piligrim – 25.1 kg/m2; F1 Revansh – 22.1 kg/m2; Express F1 – 23.2 kg/m2. As a result of the research work, parthenocarpic early-maturing heterotic cucumber hybrids F1 Novator, F1 Piligrim, F1 Express are recommended for rational cultivation under the conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring-summer rotation for agricultural producers in the Southern and Central Federal Districts; hybrids F1 Novator, F1 Piligrim and F1 Revansh – in the Northern regions.

Ethnobotanical and taxonomical studies are conducted to uncover the scientific name, uses as well as utilization of Diwoka (local name) popular to the Dani people in Wamena. The local name, Diwoka, is determined by its scientific name Piper macropiper Pennant. Piper macropiper has been used by the Dani people to serve as spices when foods are cooked traditionally by stone-fired earth oven (bakarbatu) or prepared in other ways such as stir-frying vegetables, fish, and meat. The leaves can be consumed uncooked the way salad is consumed beside it is functioned as medicine as well. The distribution of this type of plant is found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Australia (Northern territory), Brunei, and Sri Lanka

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a Tobamovirus of economic importance affecting cucurbit crops and Asian cucurbit vegetables. CGMMV was detected in the Northern Territory (NT) in September 2014, the first record for Australia, with 26 properties confirmed as of May 2016. Research was undertaken to determine virus longevity in soils in the NT and investigate the use of disinfectants to remove viable CGMMV from the soil. An in-field trial at 12 months post-quarantine at four properties, and bioassays from collected soils indicate that CGMMV remained viable in at least two of the properties 12 months after plant hosts were removed from the ground. The infectivity of CGMMV from soil was also investigated in two trials with 140 watermelon seeds and 70 watermelon plants sown into CGMMV infested soils with or without the application of the disinfectants VirkonTM (2%) and Bleach (1%). Watermelons grown in soil, not treated with the VirkonTM or Bleach, showed CGMMV infection rates of 4% and 2.5% respectively. When VirkonTM or Bleach was applied, no positive CGMMV detections were observed in the watermelons. This research highlights the importance of proper management of infested properties and the need for on-farm biosecurity to manage CGMMV.

The Stepnogorsk area Northern Kazakhstan has a long history mining activities. Mining activities have lots of environmental and health impacts. The aims of this study were to characterizing the general radiological situation of the area and evaluate radiation exposure by scenarios in settlements. In this study radiological assessment was performed for critical group living in the territory contaminated with radionuclides; working and studying at school located on territory former mining site. The annual dose burden is 2.5 mSv y−1 in Zavodskoy, 1.9 mSv y−1 in Kvartsitka and 3.6 mSv y−1 in Aqsu; and exposure from radon is around 11 mSv y−1 at the ground floor, and for teachers - up to 12 mSv*y−1. At settlements, however, under the hypothesis that all food contaminated with radionuclides and vegetables is cultivated locally in the territories with high background level, exposure from ingestion is 9.1 mSv y−1 in Zavodskoy, 8.3 mSv y−1 in Kvartsitka and 11.5 mSv y−1 in Aqsu. The combined effects of environmental problems have culminated into health problems. There are such possibility of the higher prevalence of cardiovascular, digestive and respiratory systems so it is necessary to evaluate or protect people living in Stepnogorsk area.

Searching for mineral and energy resources in various regions of the Arctic basin has revealed the presence of huge reserves of oil, gas and other extractable resources. The coast of the Arctic Ocean, i.e. the European and the Asian north of Russia turns into the region of active economic development.Population migration flows into these regions will increase every year. People will move from the favorable climatic conditions to the extreme conditions of the Arctic. The harsh conditions of the Arctic are particularly heavy for the weather sensitive people with increased excitability of the central nervous system.In the extreme weather conditions, food is the most important means of organism protection. Therefore, a balanced diet is the most important means of human adaptation in the northern latitudes, with bee-farming products playing a huge role [4, 7].The Great Vasyugan swamp is the largest swamp with the area of 53,000 km2. It covers the Ob-and-Irtysh watershed, and stretches within 55040ʹ–58060ʹ N and 75030ʹ–83030ʹ E; its southern border stretches 573 km from the right bank of the Irtysh River to the left bank of the Ob River. From the southern border to the north, the swamp stretches for 320 km. In this area, there are huge reserves of peat, which make over 61% of the total stock in Russia. Among the swamp, there are islands, i.e. spaces not occupied by swamps and lakes, and covered with forest and grass [2].In the Tsarist times, the Vasyugan swamp was considered unsuitable for agriculture. Development of this region started after the October revolution. People grew gray cereals, fodder crops, potatoes, and vegetables. In this area, local horse breed named “narymka” was bred.After the Great Patriotic war, the Vasyugan Plain, or the Narym territory was deserted. Settlements were removed, and bushes and grass started growing in their place.Currently, the Great state program for studying the Narym territory has been started for using these areas to grow agricultural products to be supplied to the population of the Arctic Belt.

Research objective is to evaluate the change of ecological farm areas and cultivated cultures within the territory of Lithuania within the period from 2010 to 2014. In 2010–2014 the data from certification institutions (databases) were used for the purpose of evaluation of change of ecological farm areas, which provide all ecological farm areas declared and certified in Lithuania within the whole reported period and agricultural plants cultivated on the areas within the set period. ArcGIS software was used for demonstration of layout of ecological farm areas within the territory of Lithuania. It was established that the major areas of ecological farms analysed within the period were located in the North-East of Lithuania, less areas in the Northern and Southern parts of middle Lithuania. During the whole period the major planted acreage of the ecological farms was taken by meadows, pastures, perennial grass; these cultures annually made almost a half of the declared planted acreage. Less declared planted acreage of the ecological farms within the research period was taken by root plants and vegetables; area planted with the cultures usually made 1 per cent from all declared planted acreage of the ecological farms. Strong correlation exists between the areas of ecological farms and pastures (r = 0.70, when p = 0.0001), complex agriculture (r = 0.76, when p = 0.0001), transition forest stage and bushes (r = 0.85, when p = 0,0001), broad-leaved forests (r = 0.84, when p = 0.0001), needle-leaved forests (r = 0.72, when p = 0.0001) and mixed forests (r = 0.84, when p = 0.0001). Weak correlation exists between ecological farm area and agricultural areas with natural plant insertions (r = 0.47, when p = 0.0001).