Academic literature on the topic 'Vector chirality'

The inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and EPR transitions are considered for the spin-frustrated V3 and Cu3 nanomagnets. It is shown that the DM exchange and distortions determine the Q-dependence and redistribution of the intensities of the intra- and inter-doublet INS transitions in the 2(S=1/2) states as well as the intensities of the EPR transitions. The peculiarities of the INS and EPR spectra of the V3 ring of V15 quantum molecular magnet and EPR spectra of the V3 and Cu3 nanomagnets are described by the isosceles Heisenberg model with the DM exchange. Spin chirality and spin structure of the Cu3 and V3 nanomagnets with the Dzialoshinsky-Moriya (DM) exchange interaction are analysed in the vector and scalar spin chirality models. The vector chirality model describes the field, orientation and deformation dependence of the spin chirality κn. The spin chirality is formed by the DM interaction and depends on the sign of the DM parameter Gz. The DM exchange and distortions determine the degree of chirality κn<1 in the isosceles clusters.

In this paper, we propose and use a new approach for a relatively simple technique for conducting MD simulation (MDS) of various molecular nanostructures, determining the trajectory of the MD run and forming the final structure using external force actions. A molecular dynamics manipulator (MD manipulator) is a controlled MDS type. As an example, the applicability of the developed algorithm for assembling peptide nanotubes (PNT) from linear phenylalanine (F or Phe) chains of different chirality is presented. The most adequate regimes for the formation of nanotubes of right chirality D from the initial L-F and nanotubes of left chirality L of their initial dipeptides D-F modes were determined. We use the method of a mixed (vector–scalar) product of the vectors of the sequence of dipole moments of phenylalanine molecules located along the nanotube helix to calculate the magnitude and sign of chirality of self-assembled helical phenylalanine nanotubes, which shows the validity of the proposed approach. As result, all data obtained correspond to the regularity of the chirality sign change of the molecular structures with a hierarchical complication of their organization.

Abstract This paper is based on a technique of Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (CNTFET) for Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) using 10nm technology. For the past few decades, global demand for smaller dimension transistors with ultra-speed and low power consumption processor is a challenge for device designers. According to Moore’s law, the number of transistors on an integrated circuit (IC) doubles every two years. Traditional Si transistors, scaled down to its limit sub 10nm, suffer from short channel effects, direct tunneling from source to drain, drain induced barrier lowering, and hot carrier degradation. Hence device designer is looking for nano devices which can replace traditional Si. Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFET) are promising Nano device for the next generation. A parametric analysis has been performed for various measurements such as delay, power, and PDP by varying chirality vector. Here we discuss four Different configurations such as Single channel Single chirality (SCSC), Single Channel Dual chirality (SCDC), Double Channel Single Chirality (DCSC), Double Channel Dual chirality (DCDC). Based on the results it was observed that as the chirality vector increases delay decreases. It is also observed that the delay in Double channel configuration is less than in Single-channel configuration.

The coupling of the spin-orbit angular momentum of photons in a focused spatial region can enhance the localized optical field’s chirality. In this paper, a scheme for producing a superchiral optical field in a 4π microscopic system is presented by tightly focusing two counter-propagating spiral wavefronts. We calculate the optical forces and torques exerted on a chiral dipole by the chiral light field and reveal the chiral forces by combining the light field and dipoles. Results indicate that, in addition to the general optical force, particles’ motion would be affected by a chiral force that is directly related to the particle chirality. This chiral mechanical effect experienced by the electromagnetic dipoles excited on a chiral particle could be characterized by the behaviors of chirality density and flux, which are, respectively, associated with the reactive and dissipative components of the chiral forces. This work facilitates the advancement of optical separation and manipulation techniques for chiral particles.

We have studied the mangeto-photoluminescence (PL) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with different chiral vector indices (n,m). A novel strain method is used to assign the quantum number q and chiral vector indices. The PL intensities and energies were found to be a strong function of magnetic field at low temperature, but were field independent up to 19.5T at 300K. All emission energies show a significant red shift caused by the action of Aharanov-Bohm flux threading the tubes.

"Chirality" is a multispin quantity representing the sense or the handedness of the noncollinear spin structures induced by spin frustration. Recent studies have revealed that the chirality often plays an important role in the ordering of certain frustrated magnets. Here I take up two such examples, stacked-triangular anti-ferromagnets and spin glasses, where the inherent chiral degree of freedom affects underlying physics and might lead to novel ordering phenomena. The first topic is the criticality of the magnetic-phase transition of vector (i.e., XY or Heisenberg) anti-ferromagnets on the three-dimensional stacked-triangular lattice. The second topic is the nature of the spin-glass ordering. I will review the recent theoretical and experimental works on these topics, with particular emphasis on the important role played by the chirality. PACS Nos.: 67.70+n, 67.57Lm

Abstract The use of semiochemicals as repellents and attractants has been proposed to complement insecticides used for the control of vector mosquito populations. In several studies, the optical purities of the molecules tested have been described as having little or no effect on repellent activity. However, these observations seem difficult to explain because of the chirality effect of molecules on the olfactory system of insects and humans. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the effects of chirality on the repellent properties of 4-alcoxycoumarins against Aedes albopictus Skuse, mosquito vector of arboviruses. We report here that the racemic (R/S)-4-sec-butoxycoumarin had the highest repellent effect (Repellent Index = 49.9%) followed by (R) enantiomer (Repellent Index = 24.2%) for the dose of 5 mg/mL. Contrary, no significant repellent activity was recorded for S-(+)-4-sec-butoxycoumarin. This experiment demonstrates the close relationship between the molecules’ optical purities and the behavioral response of mosquitoes.

Dans ce travail nous avons résolu deux problèmes principaux de la mise en forme topologique de faisceau paraxial pour les composants plans : la modalité et le polychromatisme.Nous les résolvons en introduisant de nouveaux concepts d’éléments optiques à interaction spin orbite,à savoir la “q-plate modale” et la “q-plate Bragg-Berry”. D’un côté, la q-plate modale convertit un faisceau gaussien incident en un faisceau de Laguerre-Gauss pour un indice radial et un indice d’azimut donnés, ce qui par conséquent dépasse les capacités des q-plates conventionnelles qui ne modifient que le degré de liberté azimutal, c.à.d. le moment orbital angulaire de la lumière. À des fins expérimentales, deux approches ont été développées : une basée sur des lames de verres nanostructurées artificiellement, l’autre sur des défauts topologiques de cristaux liquides auto-organisés naturellement. D’un autre côté, la q-plate Bragg-Berry consiste en une fine couche inhomogène de cristaux liquides chiraux (cholestériques) devant un miroir, ce qui fournit une mise en forme de faisceau spin-orbite pleinement efficace sur une large bande spectrale du faisceau incident, contrairement au q-plates conventionnelles qui ne sont fabriqués que pour une longueur d’onde donnée. Par ailleurs, nous obtenons une mise en forme de faisceau spin-orbite ultra-large bande en induisant une modulation de la structure supramoléculaire torsadée des cristaux liquides cholestériques selon la direction de propagation de la lumière. Nous montrons également que la présence du miroir derrière permet un puissant contrôle spatio-temporel des propriétés vectorielles de la polarisation du champ lumineux générées par la q-plate Bragg-Berry
It is well-known that paraxial coherent electromagnetic fields can be completelycharacterized in terms of their radial and azimuthal spatial degrees of freedom in the transverse planethat add to the polarization degree of freedom and wavelength. In this work we address two mainissues of paraxial beam shaping that are the modality and the polychromaticity in the context of flatopticsthat we address by introducing novel concepts of spin-orbit optical elements. Namely, the‘modal q-plate’ and the ‘Bragg-Berry q-plate’. On the one hand, modal q-plate converts an incidentfundamental Gaussian beam into a Laguerre-Gaussian beam of given radial and azimuthal indices,hence going beyond the capabilities of conventional q-plates that only control the azimuthal degreeof freedom, i.e. the orbital angular momentum content of light. Towards experimental realization ofmodal q-plates, two approaches are developed: one based on artificially nanostructured glasses andanother based on naturally self-organized liquid crystal topological defects. On the other hand,Bragg-Berry q-plate consist of mirror-backed inhomogeneous thin film of chiral liquid crystal(cholesteric) that provides fully efficient spin-orbit beam shaping over broad spectral range of theincident beam, in contrast to the conventional q-plates that are designed for single wavelength.Furthermore, ultra-broadband spin-orbit beam shaping is achieved by inducing an extra modulationof the supramolecular twisted structure of the cholesteric liquid crystal along the propagationdirection. We also show that the presence of a back-mirror allows a powerful spatio-temporal controlof the polarization vectorial properties of the light fields generated by Bragg-Berry q-plate

Grâce à ses propriétés (cohérence, brillance, durée), le rayonnement XUV femtoseconde produit par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé est utilisé comme un processus de sonde pour l'étude de dynamiques atomiques et moléculaires, avec une bonne résolution spatiale et temporelle (femtoseconde voire attoseconde). Ainsi, des dynamiques rotationnelles ont été résolues sur des petits systèmes moléculaires (N2, CO2). Les travaux de cette thèse ont consisté à étendre les méthodes de spectroscopie harmoniques et les appliquer à des systèmes moléculaires complexes d'intérêt femtochimique. Parmi elles, nous présenterons la génération d'harmoniques à deux sources, le réseau transitoire d'excitation ou encore la génération d'harmoniques à deux couleurs. Ces techniques nous ont permis de résoudre des dynamiques femtosecondes dans N2O4 et SF6. La HHG est aussi utilisée comme source de rayonnement XUV, en jouant le rôle d'impulsion pompe lors d'expériences de type pompe-sonde. Cette approche a été utilisée pour l'étude du dichroïsme circulaire de photoélectrons de molécules chirales ionisées par un champ XUV harmonique de polarisation quasi circulaire. Nous nous attarderons à détailler la découverte de cette nouvelle source XUV femtoseconde de polarisation quasi circulaire
High harmonic generation (HHG) spectroscopy has proven to be a promisingtool (like probe in pump-probe experiments) in revealing the atomic and molecular dynamicswith the potential for subangstrom spatial resolution and subfemtosecond temporalresolution. Then, rotational dynamics have been resolved on small molecular systems (N2,CO2). This thesis looks to extending HHG spectroscopy methods to probe the structureand the dynamic of complex molecular systems. We will describe the two sources highharmonic generation, the transient grating of excitation and the two-color high harmonicgeneration. We enable to resolve the femtosecond nuclear dynamics in N2O4 and SF6. HHGis also used like a XUV radiation source, playing the role of pump pulse. This approach hasbeen used for the study of photoelectron circular dichroism. An XUV harmonic field witha quasi-circular polarization ionizes chiral molecules. In this manuscript, we will developthis new femtosecond XUV and quasi circular polarization radiation

This chapter delves into the physics of multiferroics, the recent developments of which are discussed here from the viewpoint of the spin current and “emergent electromagnetism” for constrained systems. It presents the three sources of U(1) gauge fields, namely, the Berry phase associated with the noncollinear spin structure, the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), and the usual electromagnetic field. The chapter reviews multiferroic phenomena in noncollinear magnets from this viewpoint and discusses theories of multiferroic behavior of cycloidal helimagnets in terms of the spin current or vector spin chirality. Relativistic SOI leads to a coupling between the spin current and the electric polarization, and hence the ferroelectric and dielectric responses are a new and important probe for the spin states and their dynamical properties. Microscopic theories of the ground state polarization for various electronic configurations, collective modes including the electromagnon, and some predictions including photoinduced chirality switching are discussed with comparison to experimental results.