Journal articles: 'Vecteur viraux'

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Tangy, Frédéric, and Jean-Nicolas Tournier. "Les virus au service de la santé : la vaccination." médecine/sciences 38, no. 12 (December 2022): 1052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022168.

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Depuis plus de deux siècles, les virus sont utilisés, avec un succès impressionnant, comme outils de prévention des infections virales. Depuis la variole et la rage, l’histoire de la vaccinologie a suivi les pas de l’histoire de la virologie. Après les découvertes empiriques des premiers vaccins, le développement du génie génétique, de la virologie moléculaire, de la génétique inverse, la manipulation des génomes viraux, leur séquençage à haut débit et leur synthèse chimique, la maîtrise de la culture cellulaire et des méthodes de purification, ont considérablement contribué au développement de nouveaux vaccins viraux. Des vaccins à ARN messager ou à vecteur viral ont ainsi vu le jour ces dernières années et, face à la pandémie de Covid-19, ont été développés et distribués à la population en un temps record. Les virus au service de la santé ont un bel avenir devant eux, que cela soit pour prévenir d’autres pandémies, pour traiter le cancer, ou contrôler, enfin, le VIH ou le Plasmodium, l’agent du paludisme.

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Bertagnoli, Stéphane. "Actualité sur les vecteurs vaccinaux viraux." Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France, no. 1 (2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/62249.

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Chouchan, Dominique. "Thérapie Génique: Loin des vecteurs viraux." Biofutur 1997, no. 166 (April 1997): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0294-3506(97)86766-x.

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BERTAGNOLI, S., B. PIGNOLET, S. BIACCHESI, M. ELOIT, B. KLONJKOWSKI, J. RICHARDSON, and M. BREMONT. "Les vecteurs viraux : outils modernes de vaccination." INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 1 (March 22, 2008): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.1.3383.

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Les vaccins destinés aux animaux appartiennent à deux grandes catégories : les vaccins à agents vivants, et ceux à agents inertes. Depuis quelques années, dans chacune de ces catégories, les innovations technologiques ont considérablement amélioré et diversifié les stratégies vaccinales disponibles en fonction des contraintes liées à des préoccupations tant d’innocuité, que d’efficacité ou encore de nature économique. C’est dans ce cadre que l’INRA a depuis de nombreuses années orienté les efforts de recherche vers l’élaboration de nouveaux vaccins s’appuyant sur la mise au point de vecteurs viraux adaptés à diverses espèces animales et susceptibles de répondre aux exigences des filières animales. Dans cette revue, nous décrivons ainsi les principes d’obtention et le développement de vecteurs vaccinaux fondés sur l’emploi de poxvirus animaux à spectre d’hôte étroit (virus myxomateux), d’adenovirus humains ou animaux défectifs (c’est-à-dire ayant perdu toute capacité à se multiplier chez l’hôte) ainsi que de rhabdovirus de poissons modifiés par génétique inverse. Des exemples d’application de vaccination non seulement contre des maladies animales d’intérêt économique, mais aussi dans le cadre de modèles de pathologie comparée permettent d’illustrer le potentiel indiscutable de ces vecteurs viraux et d’envisager leur emploi pour le contrôle de maladies animales émergentes ou réémergentes en Europe.

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Legendre, JY, J. Haensler, and JS Rémy. "Les vecteurs non-viraux de thérapie génique." médecine/sciences 12, no. 12 (1996): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/675.

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Quéméneur, Éric. "Les vecteurs viraux en immunothérapie du cancer." Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles Novembre 2023, no. 4 (November 9, 2023): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rindu1.234.0087.

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Par leurs propriétés uniques, les vecteurs viraux sont incontournables en thérapie génique ou pour l’ingénierie des thérapies cellulaires. Leur usage direct en tant qu’agent d’immunothérapie antitumorale, soit sous la forme de virus oncolytique ou comme vaccin thérapeutique, fait encore l’objet d’importants travaux de recherche et développement. L’approbation de T-Vec en 2015 a dopé le domaine des oncolytiques et près d’une vingtaine de produits sont en cours d’évaluation clinique. Les vecteurs non réplicatifs bénéficient de l’engouement général pour la vaccination thérapeutique et de l’arrivée des nouvelles classes d’antigènes. Ces deux classes d’immunothérapies virales trouvent parfaitement leur place dans les stratégies de combinaison avec d’autres modalités de traitement. Le secteur reste dynamique sur le plan de l’innovation technologique et clinique. Cet article évoque également les défis qui restent à relever pour que les vecteurs viraux puissent devenir une classe thérapeutique reconnue et industriellement mature.

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Peschanski, M. "Tyrosine hydroxylase : trois vecteurs viraux pour un gène." médecine/sciences 11, no. 3 (1995): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/2231.

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Manus, Jean-Marie. "Anémie de Fanconi : vecteurs viraux pour essai de thérapie génique." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2020, no. 518 (January 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(20)30011-3.

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Fontenille, D., and C. Paupy. "Vecteurs et environnement pour support de l’émergence virale." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 38 (June 2008): S27—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(08)72980-9.

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Martinent, E., and M. Zawati. "Le virage numérique comme vecteur d’égalité (territoriale) en santé (I)." Ethics, Medicine and Public Health 15 (October 2020): 100593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100593.

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Bisaillon, Véronique, Corinne Gendron, and Marie-France Turcotte. "Commerce équitable comme vecteur de développement durable ?" Le dossier : Enjeux environnementaux contemporains : les défis de l’écocitoyenneté 18, no. 1 (February 7, 2006): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012197ar.

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Issu des initiatives de commerce alternatif, le commerce équitable d’aujourd’hui propose une nouvelle façon de faire du commerce. Le commerce équitable prétend même favoriser le développement durable. L’objectif de cet article était de voir les limites et les contributions du commerce équitable au développement durable à partir du cas d’une organisation de producteurs de café équitable au Mexique. Partant d’une conception tripolaire hiérarchisée du développement durable, nous démontrons que le commerce équitable tel qu’il est vécu s’éloigne de cette conception. Si le commerce équitable permet l’amélioration des conditions de vie des producteurs, à long terme, le virage commercial dans lequel il s’engage risque de compromettre la portée du commerce équitable à réellement instituer le développement durable.

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Meyer, A., O. Danos, J. Tordo, O. Akil, C. Petit, and S. Safieddine. "Transfert de gène in vivo dans la cochlée de souris néonatales via des vecteurs viraux adéno-associés." Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale 129, no. 4 (October 2012): A19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aforl.2012.07.047.

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Floch, V., S. Loisel, G. Le Bolc'h, MP Audrézet, JJ Yaouanc, JC Clément, H. des Abbayes, B. Mercier, JF Abgrall, and C. Férec. "O3-9 Transfert de gènes dans les cellules CD34+ à l'aide de vecteurs non viraux de type phosphonolipides." Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 5 (April 1998): 63s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1246-7820(98)80040-2.

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Ondh-Obame, Jean Alban, Auguste Ndoutoume Ndong, Pamphile Nguema Ndoutoumou, Priscilla Chancia Mindze Assembe, Ignace Davy Mendoume Minko, and Kowir Pambo Bello. "Prévalence du Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) dans la zone de Ntoum au Gabon." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.8.

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Le Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) est la maladie virale la plus dévastatrice du bananier impactant considérablement sa production. Le BBTD a été signalé au Gabon pour la première fois par la FAO avec une prévalence de plus de 90%. La présente étude vise à déterminer la prévalence du BBTD, la sévérité et l’importance du vecteur dans la zone de Ntoum. Après une enquête, 1800 pieds de bananiers dans 6 foyers d’infestation, ont été examinés de façon aléatoire avec un système de notation randomisé en transect croisé X. La méthode d’enquête par observation visuelle des symptômes du BBTD avec une échelle de notation de 1 à 5 a été utilisée. Les foyers d’infestation retenus présentent une sévérité de la maladie avancée avec le symptôme visuel de niveau 5 prépondérant et une prévalence moyenne de 21%. Le vecteur, Pentalonia nigronervosa est un insecte présent dans la zone mais à des niveaux d’importance variable. Il serait souhaitable d’évaluer la résistance variétale des Musa spp. et de montrer l’influence des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur la propagation de la maladie.Mots clés : Bananier, Pentalonia nigronervosa, foyers d’infestation, sévérité, importance du vecteur. English Title: Prevalence of Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) in the Ntoum area in Gabon Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) is the banana's most devastating viral disease, with a significant impact on its production. BBTD was first reported in Gabon by FAO with a prevalence of more than 90%. This study aims to determine the prevalence of BBTD, the severity and importance of the vector in the Ntoum area. After a survey, 1800 feet of banana trees in 6 outbreaks, were examined randomly with a randomized scoring system in transect crossed X. The method of visual observation of BBTD symptoms with a rating scale of 1 to 5 was used. The selected outbreaks have an advanced disease severity with the predominant level 5 visual symptom and an average prevalence of 21%. The vector, Pentalonia nigronervosa is an insect present in the area but at varying levels. It would be desirable to assess the varietal resistance of Musa spp. and to show the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the spread of the disease.Keywords: Banana, Pentalonia nigronervosa, source of infestation, severity, importance of vector.

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Hervé, J., A. S. A. Cunha, B. Liu, M. Longuet, Y. Valogne, O. Bregerie, J. Roux, et al. "CO 4-Vecteurs viraux recombinants pour la radiothérapie du cancer primitif du foie médiée par le transfert du gène NIS." Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 30, no. 8-9 (August 2006): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-8320(06)73383-8.

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Ratnadass, Alain, and Péninna Deberdt. "Pratiques de protection des cultures en agroécosystèmes tropicaux et risques de maladies humaines et animales d’origine bactérienne." Cahiers Agricultures 30 (2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2021028.

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Une revue bibliographique récente montre que les pratiques de protection agroécologique des cultures (PAEC) contre les ravageurs, pathogènes et adventices, réduisent généralement les risques zoonotiques viraux en santé publique et vétérinaire, alors que les pratiques conventionnelles (à base agrochimique) tendent à les augmenter. Nous avons analysé la littérature scientifique pour déterminer si ces conclusions pouvaient être élargies aux infections bactériennes, avec focus sur les agroécosystèmes tropicaux. En santé publique et vétérinaire, les principales infections bactériennes impactées par des pratiques de protection des cultures sont celles ayant pour réservoirs des rongeurs (avec arthropodes vecteurs, comme la peste, ou pas, comme la leptospirose), et les maladies à entérobactéries (e.g., Salmonella) et autres bactéries opportunistes (e.g., Pseudomonas). La problématique d’antibiorésistance en santé publique est peu affectée par les pratiques de protection des cultures conventionnelles. Des pratiques relevant de la substitution aux intrants de synthèse (variétés résistantes aux attaques de rongeurs ou à la colonisation par des entérobactéries ; pesticides minéraux; solarisation) peuvent se traduire par une réduction plus importante du risque sanitaire que certaines pratiques relevant de la reconception des agroécosystèmes (push-pull ; intégration agriculture-élevage). Toutefois, vu ses effets vertueux en termes de réduction des pollutions, conservation de la biodiversité et résilience climatique, la PAEC, basée sur la reconception, contribue, à des échelles spatiotemporelles supérieures, à la réduction du risque sanitaire lié aux infections bactériennes. Les impacts des pratiques de protection des cultures, basées sur l’amélioration de l’efficience des pratiques conventionnelles, sur la substitution ou sur la reconception, sur les risques d’infection bactérienne en santé publique et vétérinaire, sont sensiblement différents de ceux observés avec les risques zoonotiques viraux. Des recherches sont encore nécessaires pour concilier, dans une perspective « Une seule santé », les trois types de pratiques, afin de réduire les risques sanitaires liés aux maladies infectieuses autant à bactéries qu’à virus, parasites (protozoaires et vers) ou champignons.

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Saoudi, Amel, and Aurélie Goyenvalle. "Les approches thérapeutiques de modulation de l’épissage." médecine/sciences 37, no. 6-7 (June 2021): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2021091.

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Les avancées en recherches génétique et génomique ne cessent d’accroître nos connaissances des maladies héréditaires. Un nombre croissant de ces maladies relève d’épissages aberrants qui représentent des cibles idéales pour les approches correctives centrées sur l’ARN. De nouvelles stratégies, en particulier médicamenteuses, visant à exclure ou à ré-inclure des exons lors du processus d’épissage, ont ainsi émergé et plusieurs molécules ont récemment obtenu des autorisations de mise sur le marché, notamment pour le traitement de la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne et de l’amyotrophie spinale, suscitant de plus en plus d’intérêt et d’espoir. Parmi ces molécules, les oligonucléotides antisens, ou ASO, ont connu un réel essor et font l’objet de progrès constants en matière de modifications chimiques et de conception. Toutefois, leur biodistribution après administration par voie générale demeure souvent limitée, et le développement de chimies alternatives plus performantes et de nouveaux systèmes d’adressage est devenu un axe de recherche très actif. En parallèle, l’utilisation de petites molécules présentant une excellente biodistribution, ou de vecteurs viraux pour véhiculer les séquences antisens, est également explorée. Dans cette Synthèse, nous présentons les dernières avancées de ces approches de modulation d’épissage à travers deux exemples de maladies neuromusculaires. Nous discutons de leurs avantages et des principales limitations actuelles.

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ELOIT, M. "Vaccins traditionnels et vaccins recombinants." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.1.3912.

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Différents types de vaccins sont actuellement disponibles ou en cours de développement. Ils peuvent être divisés en deux catégories : vaccins vivants et vaccins inertes. Les vaccins vivants traditionnels incluent des souches atténuées par des moyens conventionnels, comme la croissance dans des conditions de culture inhabituelles (bactéries), ou dans des cellules ou des animaux vis-à-vis desquels les souches ne sont pas initialement adaptées (virus). Les nouvelles générations de vaccins vivants utilisant les techniques de recombinaison génétique (vaccins recombinants) peuvent être fabriquées par mutagénèse dirigée de gènes de virulence, ou par clonage de gènes de protéines immunogènes dans des vecteurs viraux ou bactériens qui possèdent les propriétés souhaitées d’innocuité et d’efficacité. Les vaccins inactivés conventionnels sont fabriqués par traitement des microorganismes par des agents physiques ou chimiques. Dans la mesure où les fractions immunogènes des microorganismes sont de mieux en mieux connues, elles peuvent être utilisées pour fabriquer des vaccins ne comprenant que ces fractions immunogènes majeures (vaccin subunitaires) par purification, ou par expressionin vitro de protéines (un autre type de vaccin recombinant) ou enfin synthèse chimique de peptides. Récemment, il a été démontré, chez différentes espèces, que l’inoculation directe dans le muscle d’un gène codant pour une protéine immunogène (immunisation génétique) permettait d’induire une réponse immune cellulaire et humorale. Cette méthode correspond à un dernier type de vaccin recombinant. L’immunité systémique et muqueuse obtenue après injection de vaccin vivant est comparée à celle obtenue après injection de vaccin inerte.

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Lee, Seunghwan, Changyoon Lee, Donghee Kim, and Taeseon Yoon. "Comparison of West Nile Virus and Yellow Fever Virus Using Apriori Algorithm, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine(SVM)." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 6, no. 2 (April 2016): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2016.6.2.591.

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Mercier, David. "Le régionalisme stratégique dans les Amériques : tenants et aboutissants de I'ALÉNA vus d'une perspective mexicaine (Note)." Études internationales 31, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/704129ar.

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La préparation du Mexique en vue de son adhésion à l'Accord de libre-échange nord-américain (ALÉNA) a cristallisé le virage dans lequel les autorités mexicaines avaient engagé la restructuration économique du pays au cours des années 1980. Dans ce contexte, les gouvernements se sont habilement employés à maintenir un fragile équilibre entre politique interne et externe tout en composant avec les pressions qu'exerce l'architecture du nouvel ordre mondial. Si le pragmatisme peut caractériser l'aménagement des politiques commerciales auquel a procédé l'État mexicain, la mondialisation de l'idéologie néo-libérale et les coûts inhérents à un éventuel isolement continental ont réduit considérablement les voies que ce pragmatisme pouvait emprunter. Étant le premier pays latino-américain à avoir intégré l'Accord et en dépit de l'asymétrie qui caractérise VALÉNA, le Mexique jouit d'une position clé dans le processus de la régionalisation dans les Amériques. En ce sens, la redéfinition et l'opérationnalisation des politiques commerciales du Mexique font figure à la fois d'aboutissant et de vecteur du régionalisme stratégique américain.

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Debré, Patrice. "Épidémies: Leçons d’Histoire." médecine/sciences 36, no. 6-7 (June 2020): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020111.

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Jusqu’au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, l’espérance de vie était de 25 ans dans les pays d’Europe, proche alors de celle de la préhistoire. À cette époque, nos ancêtres succombaient, pour la plupart, à une infection bactérienne ou virale, quand la mort n’était pas le résultat d’un épisode critique, comme la guerre ou la famine. Un seul microbe suffisait à terrasser de nombreuses victimes. L’épidémie de SARS-CoV-2 est là pour nous rappeler que ce risque est désormais à nouveau d’actualité. Si son origine zoonotique par la chauve-souris est probable, la contamination interhumaine montre son adaptation rapide à l’homme et permet d’évoquer ainsi la transmission des épidémies, qu’elle soit ou non liée à des vecteurs, ces derniers pouvant représenter dans d’autres occasions un des maillons de la chaîne.

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Rakita, Mina. "Tomato yellow leaf curl virus significance and control measures in tomato." Biljni lekar 49, no. 5 (2021): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2105594r.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus is one of the most harmful viruses which damages tomato plants and causes significant yield losses. After its first appearance in the 1930s, it started to spread all over the world via infected tomato seedlings and vector, a whitefly Bemisia argentifolii. In order to stop the infections and preserve the health of cultivated plants, different measures are being conducted starting with maintaining the field and indoor space hygiene and quarantine measures, all the way to the vector suppression measures. Apart from that, there have been efforts in breeding resistant tomato plants. Sources of the resistance to the virus have been found in some wild tomato species. Additional research is needed so as to improve the existing methods of protection against TYLCV and create new resistant plants. It is also crucial to take into consideration the fact that more aggressive and virulent virus strains are likely to appear due to recombination events, as well as vector varieties resistant to insecticides.

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Baldet, Thierry, Bertrand Mathieu, Jean-Claude Delecolle, Guillaume Gerbier, and François Roger. "Emergence de la fièvre catarrhale ovine dans le Bassin méditerranéen et surveillance entomologique en France." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 58, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9923.

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La fièvre catarrhale ovine (FCO) est une maladie virale qui est transmise par des moucherons piqueurs (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) et émerge en Méditerranée depuis 1998. Cette émergence est reliée à l’expansion septentrionale de son vecteur principal Culicoides imicola Kieffer 1913. En France, C. imicola a été décelé dans le sud de la Corse en octobre 2000, quelques jours avant l’apparition de foyers de FCO sérotype 2. Un réseau de surveillance entomologique a été mis en place en 2002 : (i) en Corse, pour étudier les dynamiques de populations de C. imicola et des autres espèces de Culicoides associées aux élevages ; (ii) sur le continent, pour détecter l’introduction de C. imicola. Des captures nocturnes ont été réalisées toutes les trois semaines sur 12 sites en Corse et une fois par mois sur 19 sites sur le continent. En 2002, en Corse, un total de 180 nuits de captures ont été effectuées. C. imicola comptait en moyenne pour 18 p. 100 des effectifs totaux capturés et prédominait au sud de l’île. Les densités adultes ont atteint un pic en septembre. La présence de C. imicola sur tous les sites et durant huit mois de l’année a confirmé que le vecteur principal de la FCO passait l’hiver et était installé durablement dans l’île. En outre, en 2003, les populations de C. imicola étaient en pleine expansion dans le Nord, particulièrement en Balagne. Le risque d’invasion du continent devient ainsi plus important. Sur le continent, sur un total de 233 nuits de captures réalisées en 2002-2003, deux spécimens de C. imicola ont été détectés en 2003 sur deux sites différents. Des investigations poussées n’ont pu mettre en évidence des populations locales installées. Les dynamiques saisonnière et spatiale de C. imicola et des autres espèces d’intérêt sont discutées en relation avec leur bioécologie et les facteurs environnementaux. Cette « entomosurveillance » apparaît indispensable pour une meilleure compréhension de l’épidémiologie de la FCO mais aussi pour élaborer et valider des modèles de prédiction de zones à risque.

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Salas, F. J. S., J. R. S. Lopes, and A. Fereres. "RESISTÊNCIA DE VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS DE BATATA À TRANSMISSÃO DO POTATO Y VIRUS PELO VETOR MYZUS PERSICAE." Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 71, no. 2 (April 2004): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657v71p1672004.

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RESUMO Na cultura de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.), os afídeos destacam-se pela transmissão de muitos vírus sendo de fundamental importância o estudo da interação planta-vírus-vetor para se estabelecer medidas adequadas de manejo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a transmissão de estirpes de Potato Y virus (PVY) por Myzus persicae (Sulzer) em cinco cultivares de batata, Ágata, Jaette Bintje, Mondial, Monalisa (Brasil) e Santè (Dinamarca) e caracterizar a sua resistência à transmissão. Em um teste preliminar com um cultivar suscetível (Desirée), M. persicae mostrou ser mais eficiente que Aphis gossypii Glover na transmissão dessas estirpes. As estirpes PVYO, PVYN e PVYNTN foram transmitidas por M. persicae com taxas variáveis de eficiência dependendo do cultivar de batata, indicando diferentes níveis de resistência entre os cultivares testados. O cultivar Santè foi resistente a todas as estirpes, enquanto que os demais foram suscetíveis ou apresentaram apenas resistência moderada à transmissão.

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Manzur Caffarena, Julio César. "El verdadero enemigo de la comunidad no es precisamente el virus dengue, sino su vector, el mosquito Aedes agypti." Revista de salud publica del Paraguay 14, no. 2 (August 20, 2024): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/rspp.2024.ago.02.

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Calvet, Charlotte, Ghizlene Lahlou, and Saaid Safieddine. "Progrès de la thérapie génique." médecine/sciences 34, no. 10 (October 2018): 842–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2018210.

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La perte de l’audition et/ou de la fonction d’équilibration est un problème de santé publique majeur. La surdité touche des millions de personnes dans le monde. Leur prise en charge actuelle repose sur une réhabilitation prothétique sans réelle thérapie curative. Après deux décennies de recherches qui ont permis de progresser dans la physiopathologie de différentes formes génétiques de surdité, des avancées majeures ont été obtenues grâce à des études précliniques utilisant la thérapie génique virale chez l’animal. Ce succès, largement dû à l’amélioration des vecteurs de transfert, pourrait à terme révolutionner la prise en charge de certains malentendants. Nos progrès dans la compréhension des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans le fonctionnement de l’oreille interne ont contribué à ouvrir la voie à cette recherche à visée thérapeutique, qui consiste le plus souvent à remplacer localement les gènes endogènes altérés. Le but de cet article est de résumer les progrès récents de la thérapie génique dans la restauration des fonctions cochléaire et vestibulaire dans des modèles murins du syndrome d’Usher, principale cause génétique de surdité associée à une cécité. Nous nous concentrerons sur les approches thérapeutiques présentant le plus fort potentiel d’application clinique.

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Parkash, Ved. "Vector Surveillance for Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika Virus and Yellow Fever at Three Blocks of Pakur Districts of Jharkhand, India." Journal of Communicable Diseases 52, no. 04 (December 31, 2020): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202044.

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Vector borne diseases are a major public health problem in India. Dengue is endemic in almost all states and union territories. Aedes mosquitoes are known to transmit Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika virus and Yellow fever diseases to man in both rural and urban areas. Dengue has been restricted to urban area, but it has now spread to rural and tribal areas. An entomological survey was undertaken at selected villages of three Blocks of Pakur district i.e. Pakur, Maheshpur and Amarpada of Jharkhand to know the potential for the transmission of Dengue/Chikungunya, Zika virus and Yellow fever and thereby undertaking surveys of breeding places of the vector species in these area by assessing the vector indices i.e. House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI) and Container Index (CI) along with virus antigen detection. The entomological indices of G aneshpura, Datiapokhar and Longbahra villages of Maheshpur block recorded very high i.e. HI-28.5, 15.0 & 10.0; BI-34.2, 15.0 & 10.0 and CI-11.8, 8.8 & 4.8 respectively. The entomological indices of Pakur block, villages Jamsherpur, Malipada and Gopinathpur showed HI-7.3, 3.3 & 2.3; BI-7.3, 3.3 & 2.3 and CI-3.5, 1.5 & 1.3 respectively. The entomological indices of Amarpada block, villages-Jagjitpur, Ambajora and Pakudh showed HI-6.6, 0.0 & 0.0; BI-6.6, 0.0 & 0.0; and CI-2.5, 0.0 & 0.00 respectively. However, surveys revealed highest vector indices at Maheshpur block, followed by Pakur block and Amarpada block. Local health authorities of Maheshpur, Pakur and Amarpada blocks need to take cognizance of these facts with the presence of breeding potential areas and to develop micro action plan for appropriate vector control measures along with vector surveillance on regular basis.

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Kumari, S. "Detection of Cherry leaf roll virus and Strawberry latent ring spot virus by one-step RT-PCR." Plant Protection Science 45, No. 4 (December 27, 2009): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3/2009-pps.

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A one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol was developed and used for the detection of Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) and Strawberry latent ring spot virus (SLRSV). The protocol was used to test infected screen house plants and also plants from orchards and vineyards where the vector (Xiphinema diversicaudatum) of SLRSV was detected from the soil. The one-step RT-PCR protocol is rapid and sensitive and has the potential to be used for the diagnosis of CLRV and SLRSV in routine diagnostic laboratories.

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Yattara, Almouner A. A., Amadou K. Coulibaly, and Frédéric Francis. "Diversité et abondance des pucerons [Homoptera : Aphididae] et leur impact sur la dissémination des virus infectant la pomme de terre au Mali." Phytoprotection 94, no. 1 (May 2, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024719ar.

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Des études sur l’abondance et la diversité des pucerons ont été menées pendant trois campagnes agricoles au Mali. Sur la base de relevés de bacs jaunes installés dans des cultures de pomme de terre à Kati et à Sikasso, 2 525 pucerons ont été capturés et identifiés. Dix-neuf espèces de pucerons ont été recensées, dont deux qui ont été observéesin situsur la culture :Aphis gossypii(Glover) etMyzus persicae(Sulzer). La plupart de ces espèces sont des ravageurs de cultures et elles contribuent également à la transmission virale. Des échantillons foliaires prélevés dans des parcelles de pomme de terre dans les deux régions ont été testés par la technique ELISA pour la détection des deux principaux virus dommageables, soit lePotato VirusY (PVY) et lePotato Leaf Roll Virus(PLRV). Le taux de plantes virosées dans les deux localités pendant les trois années variait de 19,3 % à 21,8 % pour le PVY, alors qu’il était de 8,5 % à 9,3 % pour le PLRV. L’occurrence de ces maladies virales s’est révélée être très homogène d’une année à l’autre, avec des taux relativement importants. Cette étude est une première quantification dans cette région du Mali de l’importance des relations pucerons vecteurs–virus en culture de pomme de terre.

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Sasi, MS. "Zika Virus: An Emerging Mosquito-Borne Disease Threat in Kerala." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 03 (September 30, 2021): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202158.

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First laboratory confirmed Zika case in Kerala was reported in Thiruvananthapuram, on 8th July 2021. Since then, 68 ZIKV positive cases have been reported from Kerala, with majority of cases from Thiruvananthapuram Corporation area. Based on the preliminary investigation, micro containment zones were identified and detailed investigation was carried out in these areas. Entomological surveillance indicated that all the three species of Aedes mosquitoes - Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ae. vittatus were present in the survey areas. The Aedes larval indices were found above the critical level. The most preferred habitats of Aedes mosquitoes were water stagnated areas in cemented floor of the newly constructing buildings followed by cement tanks/cement pits and discarded tires. ZIKV could be detected from all the three Aedes mosquitoes collected from the micro containment zones. Trasovarial transmission of ZIKV could be noted in this outbreak. Vector control was intensified with the active participation of local bodies and local health institutions. The epidemiological study showed most of the Zika positive cases has fever, rash and conjunctivitis and in majority of cases, the duration of the illness lasts only for 2-3 days. The females were more affected. The most affected age group was 21-30 followed by 31-40. Among the 68 ZIKV positive cases, 7 (10.29%) were pregnant women. No major anomaly was detected in ZIKV positive cases; however there is a need to scale up surveillance and vector control activities to prevent further outbreaks in Kerala and elsewhere.

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AR, Yasmin. "West Nile Virus: Measures against Emergence in Malaysia." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000170.

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West Nile virus has a potential to emerge in new areas and cause large epidemics as was witnessed in the United States following its introduction in 1999. The virus is now a global public health threat, having been detected on every continent except Antarc tica. Once restricted to Africa, its expansion beyond its natural habitat is related to some viral, vectoral, anthropologic and environmental factors. The successful establishment and spread of the virus depend in part on viral adaptations, availability of competent hosts and mosquito vectors and suitable environmental conditions. A combination of measures can be applied to minimise the likelihood of a WN virus epidemic. Available vaccines are only for veterinary use, human vaccines are still in development . Vector control, animal vaccination, targeted surveillance and strong cooperation between relevant authorities are important in preventing a WN virus epidemic in Malaysia.

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Costas, Antón, and Xosé Carlos Arias. "Crisis, transformación y nuevo Contrato Social." La renovación del Contrato Social para garantizar la implementación de la Agenda 2030 08, MARZO 2023 (March 2023): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36852/2695-4427_2023_08.02.

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Desde hace tres lustros la economía internacional ha experimentado varias crisis de gran calado y, en un entorno de incertidumbre radical y malestar social creciente, han surgido algunas tendencias de cambio en las estructuras económicas y tecnológicas que traen consigo ventajas importantes, pero también notables contradicciones y riesgos. La descarbonización, la digitalización masiva y un viraje en la economía global son sus principales caras, dibujando un panorama de destrucción creativa a gran escala. En este trabajo se argumenta que para hacer frente a esas dinámicas complejas es imprescindible avanzar hacia una renovación en profundidad del contrato social, crecientemente erosionado desde 2008. En su núcleo se encuentra una nueva relación entre tres grandes actores: Estados, mercados y un tercer pilar, las comunidades. Una relación que debiera impulsar un modelo productivo profundamente renovado, una defensa efectiva de la competencia y la corrección de las causas del malestar, entre las que destaca la rampante desigualdad de renta, riqueza y oportunidades. El camino hacia ese nuevo contrato está tachonado de difi cultades, pero también son importantes los factores que lo pueden impulsar. Entre ellos exploramos los efectos del cambio en el clima de ideas y el vector de incertidumbre como ventana de oportunidad.

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B, Tadesse. "Review on Adeno Virus; As a Vaccine Vehicle." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 2, no. 3 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000138.

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Adenoviruses have moved to the forefront of vaccinology and are showing substantial prom ise as vehicles for antigen delivery for a number of vaccines currently being developed. Most studies to date have focused on human serotype adenoviruses, particularly human adenovirus type 5. Human serotype adenovirus vaccine vectors are particularly usef ul for development of veterinary vaccines as neutralizing antibodies to the vector will not usually be present in the vaccinates. Most vectors currently used as vaccine carriers are deleted in E1 gene. The original E1 deleted adenoviral vectors were constr ucted by homologous recombination. Replication incompetent vectors contain an antigen expression cassette substituted for the deleted E1A – E1B region. These replication incompitant adenoviruses can not replicate because of the deletion of the essential vir al E1 gene region containing two genes. Replication competent adenoviral vectors encode all of the remaining adenoviral antigens in addition to the transgene product, i.e., the vaccine antigen. The potential for adenoviruses to elicit powerful B cell and T cell responses in the mammalian host are the main reason for the use of these vectors in vaccine development. For effective veterinary use, extensive research on adenoviral vaccine vectors should be undertaken.

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Beck, Cécile, Gaelle Gonzalez, Stéphanie Desvaux, Florian Franke, Marine Dumarest, Steeve Lowenski, and Sylvie Lecollinet. "Le virus de la fièvre West Nile sous haute surveillance en France." Le Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire équine 14, no. 50 (2020): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/npvequi/50009.

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Le virus West Nile (VWN) est un flavivirus, transmis par des moustiques communs appartenant au genre Culex, selon un cycle moustique-oiseau-moustique. Le cheval et l’homme sont des culs de sacs épidémiologiques mais sont très sensibles à l’infection et peuvent développer une méningo-encéphalite sévère (dans moins d’un cas sur 10 chez le cheval et environ 1 cas sur 140 chez l’homme) quand ils sont piqués par des moustiques vecteurs. Le VWN est connu en France depuis les années 1960 et ses réémergences à la fin de l’été sont cycliques et peu prévisibles. Cependant depuis 2015, des pics estivaux avec des cas équins et/ou humains sont régulièrement reportés en France (2015, 2017, 2018 et 2019). L’année 2018, en particulier, a été caractérisée par une très forte circulation du virus en Europe mais aussi en France avec 13 cas équins et 27 cas humains et 3 nouveaux départements touchés (les Alpes-Maritimes et les départements de Corse). La même année, une nouvelle souche de lignée 2 a été isolée sur des rapaces souffrant d’affection nerveuse dans les-Alpes Maritimes et en Corse du Sud. Face à l’augmentation de la fréquence des infections chez le cheval ainsi qu’à l’extension de la zone de circulation du VWN, le vétérinaire doit privilégier la vaccination des équidés au printemps avant le début de la circulation virale, à minima dans les départements du Sud Est de la France et en Corse.

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Bicholkar, Abhishek U. "Awareness regarding Zika Virus Disease among Resident Doctors of a Tertiary Hospital in Goa." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 06, no. 01 (September 29, 2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.202003.

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Background:Among the emerging diseases, Zika virus (ZIKV) disease, a vector-borne health problem, has recently become a major VBD of international concern in low and middle income countries. In India, the first four proven cases of ZIKV were reported in 2017 followed by major outbreaks in the States of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness of Resident doctors in Goa towards managing ZVD in a tertiary care hospital in Goa. Methods:The present hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Resident doctors of Goa Medical College and Hospital. A total of 188 Resident doctors from various Departments were interviewed to obtain details regarding personal characteristics and their knowledge regarding the Zika virus disease. Result:A high number i.e. 139 (73.9%) of the Resident doctors were aware of the mosquito vector that transmits Zika disease.Only 23 (12.4%) of theResident doctors were aware of the common symptoms and signs seen in cases of Zika virus disease. A majority of the Resident doctors i.e. 154 (81.9%) were aware of the most common adverse outcome of maternal Zika virus infection. A high number i.e. 183 (97.3%) Resident doctors correctly said that Zika virus disease can be prevented and 180 (95.7%) of the Resident doctors were aware of the preventive measures for Zika virus infection. Conclusion:The knowledge of Resident doctors in Goa regarding the Zika virus disease is low especially regarding the modes of transmission, signs and symptoms and diagnosis of the Zika infection. It is necessary that basic knowledge and training regarding the Zika virus disease should be included in the current medical curriculum. Regular CME programs on ZVD for the training of the Resident doctors and trainee medical doctors must be conducted.

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36

Diamond, Don J., Zhongde Wang, Corinna La Rosa, Goetz U. Grigoleit, Angelo Mandarino, Simon F. Lacey, Holger Ludwig, William J. Britt, Gerd Sutter, and Hermann Einsele. "Development and Immunologic Characterization of Multi-Antigen Expressing Attenuated Poxviruses for Immunotherapy of CMV Infection in HSCT Recipients." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.480.480.

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Abstract CMV infection is an important risk factor in the post-transplant (Tx) recovery phase for HSCT recipients. Despite significant advances in formulation and delivery of anti-virals, their use complicates and extends post-Tx recovery and risk for CMV disease. Considering these caveats, we are pursuing a novel therapeutic strategy that focuses on priming or enhancing CMV-specific adaptive immunity in HSCT donors and recipients. 3 generations of attenuated poxvirus vectors (modified vaccinia Ankara or MVA) have been constructed to evaluate the minimal required antigenic targets to attain successful control of CMV infection. The 1st generation vector strongly expresses both pp65 and IE1, and it has been successfully demonstrated to elicit potent recall CD4 T-help and CD8 CTL responses in PBMC from CMV-positive healthy volunteers as well as stimulate primary cellular immune responses in humanized HLA transgenic mice, simultaneously for both antigens. Towards the goal of using this vector for adoptive immunotherapy, MVA infection was investigated and found to be permissive for immature myeloid DC generated with GM-CSF and IL4, as well as DC matured with TNF-α. High level expression of pp65 and IE1 insert antigens was confirmed by Western Blot (WB) for both DC populations. MVA-infected DC were also found to be efficient APC to stimulate recall CTL and CD4 T-help from CMV-positive healthy donors. The recombinant MVA, after multiple rounds of passage is stable by the criteria of antigen expression and immunogenicity. This vector is a strong candidate for clinical evaluation based on the observed protective function of pp65 and IE1 CTL in clinical trials. It is currently being manufactured under cGMP for clinical development in Germany. A 2nd generation vector that co-expresses glycoprotein gB has also been constructed, and WB confirms high level expression of each antigen. Immunologic evaluation of this vector to stimulate both pp65 and IE1-specific CTL and CD4 T-help in PBMC from CMV-positive research subjects shows similar robust stimulation as the first generation vector. In addition, studies in humanized mice demonstrate simultaneous attainment of both cellular immunity to pp65 and IE1 while humoral immunity to CMV-gB that neutalizes CMV strains in vitro was also elicited. A 3rd generation virus has been constructed which co-expresses five CMV antigens: the tegument proteins pp65 and pp150, the nuclear antigens IE1 and IE2 as a fusion gene and the polymerase subunit UL44. Immunogenicity studies of these gene products will be presented that shows simultaneous stimulation of both CTL and CD4 T-help populations from the PBMC of healthy research subjects. This vector has also been shown to prime de novo cellular immunity to all of the insert antigens in HLA transgenic mice. This vector expresses immunodominant antigens that cover >90% of HLA types in most ethnic populations and would serve as the broadest and most inclusive candidate vaccine for all ethnicities. Clinical testing of these vectors as vaccines or for adoptive immunotherapy may reveal whether a requirement for greater than 2 antigens is necessary for successful limitation of viremia and disease in HSCT recipients.

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Vega-Casanova, Jair, Lina Vega-Estarita, and Jesús Arroyave-Cabrera. "Lessons learned in health communication and risk management of Chikungunya virus and other vector-born diseases." Salud Uninorte 32, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/sun.32.1.8472.

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Khan, Sehrish, Muhammad Mahmood, Sajjad Rahman, Farzana Rizvi, and Aftab Ahmad. "Evaluation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the development of resistance against Cotton leaf curl virus in model plants." Plant Protection Science 56, No. 3 (June 11, 2020): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/105/2019-pps.

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Over the last decade, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used by biologists in various fields. In plant biology, the technology is being utilised to manufacture transgenic plants resistant to different diseases. In Pakistan, the Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) (a begomovirus) affects cotton plants causing significant loss to the economy of this agriculturally based country. In the present study, we use the CRISPR/Cas9 system in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin (a model plant) to develop resistance against CLCuV. An interesting facet of the study was the comparison of two constructs (pHSE401 and pKSE401) with regards to their efficacy in the virus inhibition. The pKSE401 vector contained a Cas9 nuclease and two guide RNAs (gRNAs), one targeting the Replication associated protein (Rep) gene and the other targeted the βC1 gene of the Betasatellite. The vector pHSE401 had only one sgRNA that targeted the (Rep) gene. Both genes that are intended to be targeted play important roles in the replication of CLCuV. Plants infiltrated with pKSE401 exhibited a delay in the development of the symptoms of the disease and showed lower virus titres. Our proposed multiplexing approach gave efficient results of the resistance in the model plants, and the results in this communication may be extended to the CRISPR/Cas9 based editing of cotton plants.

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Ko, Na Yeon, Hyoun Sub Lim, Yong Man Yu, and Young Nam Youn. "Construction of cDNA Library for Using Virus-induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) Vector with the Sweetpotato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)." Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 54, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5656/ksae.2015.04.0.004.

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40

Akhtar, K. P., M. Ahmad, T. M. Shah, and B. M. Atta. "Transmission of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus in Chickpea by the leafhopper Orosius albicinctus (Distant) in Pakistan – Short communication." Plant Protection Science 47, No. 1 (March 1, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/45/2009-pps.

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Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV, genus Mastervirus, family Geminiviridae) is the most common viral disease of chickpea in Pakistan. Two aphid [Aphis craccivora Koch, Myzus persicae (Sulzer)], two leafhopper [Empoasca devastans Distant, Orosius albicinctus (Distant)] species and an unidentified brown leafhopper were collected in a chickpea field by hand and sweep nets for transmission studies of CpCDV. Transmission results showed that only the leafhopper O. albicinctus successfully transmitted the CpCDV from diseased to healthy chickpea plants. The presence of CpCDV in inoculated plants and the vector O. albicinctus were confirmed by DAS-ELISA test using specific polyclonal antibodies.

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Vacke J Cibulka, R. "Silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti [L.] Beauv.) – a new host and reservoir of wheat dwarf virus." Plant Protection Science 35, No. 2 (January 1, 1999): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/9674-pps.

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Wheat dwart virus (WDV) was detected by serological assays and transmission tests in samples of silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti [L.] Beauv.) that were taken in the field and showed signs of dwarfing, leaf yellowing and inflorescence reduction. This grass species is a new WDV host, not described until now. Transmission tests indicated that this grass is an efficeint source of infection for the vector of the virus, the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus Dahlb. Surveys at nine localities revealed a medium to high incidence of WDV in silky bent grass, which is a weed species frequently infesting cereal stands in the Czech Republic. As a natural reservoir of the virus this grass can play an important role in its epidemiology.

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Wu, Chia-Hua, Congqing Wu, Deborah A. Howatt, Jessica J. Moorleghen, Lisa A. Cassis, Alan Daugherty, and Hong S. Lu. "Two Amino Acids Proximate to the Renin Cleavage Site of Human Angiotensinogen Do Not Affect Blood Pressure and Atherosclerosis in Mice—Brief Report." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 40, no. 9 (September 2020): 2108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.120.314048.

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Objective: Renin cleavage of angiotensinogen has species specificity. As the residues at positions 11 and 12 are different between human angiotensinogen and mouse angiotensinogen, we determined whether these 2 residues in angiotensinogen affect renin cleavage and angiotensin II-mediated blood pressure regulation and atherosclerosis using an adenoassociated viral approach for manipulating angiotensinogen in vivo. Approach and Results: Hepatocyte-specific angiotensinogen deficient (hepAGT −/− ) mice in an LDL receptor–deficient background were infected with adenoassociated virals containing a null insert, human angiotensinogen, or mouse angiotensinogen expressing the same residues of the human protein at positions 11 and 12 (mouse angiotensinogen [L11V;Y12I]). Expression of human angiotensinogen in hepAGT −/− mice led to high plasma human angiotensinogen concentrations without changes in plasma endogenous mouse angiotensinogen, plasma renin concentrations, blood pressure, or atherosclerosis. This is consistent with human angiotensinogen not being cleaved by mouse renin. To determine whether the residues at positions 11 and 12 in human angiotensinogen lead to the inability of mouse renin to cleave human angiotensinogen, hepAGT −/− mice were injected with adenoassociated viral vector encoding mouse angiotensinogen (L11V;Y12I). Expression of mouse angiotensinogen (L11V;Y12I) in hepAGT −/− mice resulted in increased plasma mouse angiotensinogen concentrations, reduced renin concentrations, and increased renal AngII concentrations that were comparable to their concentrations in hepAGT +/+ mice. This mouse angiotensinogen variant increased blood pressure and atherosclerosis in hepAGT −/− mice to the magnitude of hepAGT +/+ mice. Conclusions: Replacement of L11 and Y12 to V11 and I12, respectively, in mouse angiotensinogen does not affect renin cleavage, blood pressure, and atherosclerosis in LDL receptor–deficient mice.

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Ferreira, María, German Gallego, and Javier Galeano. "Presencia de Aedes aegypti, vector de virus dengue y su susceptibilidad al control químico, en áreas bajo influencia de asentamientos humanos precarios en el municipio de San Antonio, Central-Paraguay." Reportes científicos de la FACEN 13, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/rcfacen.2022.13.2.160.

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Banwo, O. O., M. D. Alegbejo, and M. E. Abo. "Rice yellow mottle virus genus Sobemovirus: a continental problem in africa." Plant Protection Science 40, No. 1 (March 7, 2010): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1350-pps.

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Rice yellow mottle virus genus sobemovirus (RYMV) was first reported in Kenya in 1966. The disease caused by this virus is fast becoming a major limiting factor in the rice production in Africa and neighbouring islands. It is known to occur in eastern, western and southern African countries and, since very recently, in Central Africa. It is transmitted by insect vectors such as Chaectonema spp., Sesselia pusilla Gerst. and Trichispa sericea Guerin (all Coleoptera) and also by mechanical means. About six strains of the virus now exist. Yield losses caused by the virus range from 20 to 100%. Integrated pest management has been suggested to minimise damage caused by this disease to rice. This paper reviews the characteristics of the virus, symptomatology, host range, distribution, strains, transmission, vector dynamics and virus spread, the economic importance, and management strategies. The need of future research of RYMV is also highlighted.

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Hikmawati, Isna, Hendro Wahjono, Martini Martini, Edi Darmana, Soeharyo Hadisaputro, Kisdjamiatun Retna Mustika Djati, and Sugeng Juwono Mardihusodo. "Persistence of Dengue Virus (DENV-1, 2, 3,4) Transovarial-Transgenerational with Realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) in Ae. Aegypti and Ae. Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)." Women Health Care and Issues 4, no. 8 (October 30, 2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/090.

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Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus have an important role in DHF transmission because they can simultaneously transmit the dengue virus vertically / transovarially or horizontally. This phenomenon indicates the persistence of the dengue virus by vectors. The aim of this research was to prove the persistence of the transovarial-transgenerational dengue virus (DENV-1,2,3,4) with real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Quasi experimental design with intervention infects DENV 1-2-3-4 serotypes in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus intratoracally. Research population Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus laboratory colony females. Dengue virus detection uses real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Transovarial detection by qPCR indicates detection of dengue virus in Ae. albopictus DENV-1 to progeny 1 (F1), DENV-2 and DENV-3 to F2, DENV-4 to F3. Next to Ae. aegypti DENV-1 to 1st progeny (F1), DENV-2 to F2, DENV-3 to F4 and DENV-4 to F3. there was no difference in MIR value (p value: 0.356) for the four serotypes in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti. DENV-3 is the most persistent serotype in Ae. aegypti with 83.3% MIR and DENV-4 were the most persistent serotypes in Ae.albopictus with 100% MIR. The need to improve vector control models that focus not only on the main vector, but also other co-vectors.

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Glick, E., Y. Levy, and Y. Gafni. "The viral etiology of tomato yellow leaf curl disease – a review." Plant Protection Science 45, No. 3 (October 16, 2009): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2009-pps.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world. As a result of its continuing rapid spread, it now afflicts more than 30 tomato growing countries in the Mediterranean basin, southern Asia, Africa, and South, Central and North America. The disease is caused by a group of viral species of the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae (geminiviruses), referred to as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). These are transmitted by an insect vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, classified in the family Aleyrodidae. The genome of TYLCV generally consists of a single circular single-stranded (ss) DNA molecule, with only one exception in which two components were identified. It encodes six open reading frames, only one of which codes for the coat protein (CP) that represents a building block of the viral particle. TYLCV, like all other members of the Geminiviridae, has geminate particles, apparently consisting of two incomplete T = 1 icosahedra joined together to produce a structure with 22 pentameric capsomers and 110 identical CP subunits. Close to 50 years of intensive research into TYLCV epidemics has been conducted to find solutions to the severe problem caused by this virus. To date, breeding for resistance appears to be the best approach to controlling this disease, although only partially resistant varieties are commercially available. Since the virus consists of a ssDNA that replicates in the host-cell nucleus, the molecular mechanisms involved in its nuclear import have been the focus of our studies in recent years and results, as well as prospects, are discussed in this review. In addition, we describe our recent finding of a suppressor of gene silencing encoded by one of the TYLCV-Isr genes. This paper provides an overview of the most outstanding achievements in TYLCV research that may lead to more effective control strategies.

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Krishnan, Jayalakshmi. "Monitoring of Insecticide Resistance and Exploring the Presence of Virus in Field Populations of Culex gelidus at Thiruvarur District of Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202177.

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Introduction: The introduction of potent synthetic insecticides into public health programmes has since beginning posed the challenge of development of resistance among the insect vectors against the insecticides. Culex (Cx.) gelidus is one of the vectors of JE which is abundantly found in southern India. Its breeding habitats are similar to the vishnui subgroup of Culex mosquitoes, the major vectors for transmission of JE. The present study was aimed to assess the susceptibility status of adult Culex (Cx.) gelidus, to insecticides, namely DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), Deltamethrin, and Malathion. Method: The field-collected mosquito larvae from ten villages of Thiruvarur district from December 2018 to May 2019 were reared in the laboratory until F1 generation and the emerged adults identified as Cx. gelidus were exposed to insecticide-impregnated papers supplied through World Health Organization (WHO). The adult susceptibility tests were carried out as per the protocol of WHO. Further, an attempt was made to check the presence of JE virus in Cx. gelidus and the virus detection was done by RT-PCR. Results: The results indicated that the adult Cx. gelidus populations were susceptible to DDT, whereas they were resistant to Malathion and Deltamethrin. The possible reason of DDT susceptibility may be that DDT has not been used in Tamil Nadu since the year 1980 (about 40 years). Conclusion: JE virus was not detected in the tested mosquitoes. The study suggests that insecticide resistance monitoring from time to time is required to facilitate vector control programmes in focusing on appropriate vector control measures.

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Yves, Muscat Baron. "Atmospheric PM2.5 before and After Lockdown in Relation to COVID-19 Evolution and Daily Viral Counts: Could Viral Natural Selection Have Occurred due to Changes in the Airborne Pollutant PM2.5?" Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000179.

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Background: Genes coding for SARS-CoV-2 have been detected on the microscopic airborne pollutant particulate matter, which has been suggested as a vector and co-factor for COVID-19 transmission. Lockdown in China has been shown to be associated with significant reduction in pollution including the particulate matter component which coincided with the appearance of a viral mutant (Clade G) which steadily displaced the original Clade D after lockdown. The reason why Clade G developed a fitness advantage is as yet unknown. This paper examines the possible role of airborne particulate matter PM2.5 as selective pressure determining viral Clade predominance and further shedding light on the mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods: The average levels of PM2.5 of a number of cities were obtained from the Air Quality Index (AQI), a real-time assessment of atmospheric pollution. The daily average PM2.5 levels were assessed between January 23rd and April 29th 2020 determined by the timeline when viral counts in Beijing and other cities were available. Daily viral counts of Clades D and G were available starting from the 12th February as determined by the scientific literature published in August 2020. The cities chosen were Beijing, Sheffield, Nottingham, Sydney and Cambridge because of their substantially elevated viral counts compared to other cities. Cities as opposed to vaster areas/nations were chosen as PM2.5 levels vary across regions and countries. Results: For the time period assessed, the Beijing PM2.5 pattern initiated with highly elevated mean PM2.5 levels of 147.5µg/ m3 (SD+/-70.5) during high viral counts, followed by 98.5µg/m3 (SD+/-50.7) (p<0.007) when the viral counts decreased. In all the other cities assessed, the pattern differed whereby the PM2.5 levels increased significantly over the preceding baseline contemporaneously with the viral count rise. The changes in these cities’ PM2.5 levels were on average 34.4µg/m3 before viral counts rose and 46.0µg/m3 contemporaneous with viral count rise. As regards the viral counts from data retrieved from Beijing, the latter part of the bell-shaped curve and a subsequent smaller curve of the viral count was available for evaluation. The average viral count for Clade D in Beijing was 11.1(SD+/-13.5) followed by a mean viral count for Clade G was 13.8(SD+/- 9.2). Conversely in all the other cities besides Beijing, the viral counts averaged 45.8 for Clade D and 161 for Clade G. The variation in viral counts between cities suggests the strong possibility of variation in the availability of sampling between cities. The newer variant, Clade G demonstrated viral counts initially appearing in mid-February in Beijing to later displace Clade D as the dominant viral Clade. The appearance of Clade G coincided with the decreasing gradient of PM2.5 levels. A number of significant correlations were obtained between PM2.5 levels and the viral count in all the cities reviewed. Conclusion: COVID-19 viral counts appear to increase concomitant with increasing PM2.5 levels. Viral counts of both Clades correlated differentially with PM2.5 levels in all the cities assessed. The significantly highly elevated PM2.5 levels in Beijing resulted in correlating mainly with Clade D, however Clade G began to appear with decreasing PM2.5 levels, suggesting the beginnings for the initial SARS-CoV-2 Clade evolution. Clade G, the newer variant was able to flourish at lower levels of PM2.5 than Clade D. Clade G may possibly have utilized other sources of particulate matter as a viral vector, and co-factor such as that derived from tobacco smoking, whereby 66% of Chinese males are smokers and 70% of the Chinese non-smoking population are exposed to 2nd hand smoking.

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S, Ugariogu. "The Anti-Viral Potential of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Formulations for the Treatment of Dengue Fever." Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000377.

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From the existence of human civilization, medicinal plants and herbs have been used for various purposes all over the world. Some of the plants with medicinal activities have played crucial roles in the management of the health care system. Nowadays, dengue fever has become a major concern for governments and the world health organization due to its mortality and morbidity in tropical and sub-tropic regions. The need for therapeutic plants for the treatment of Dengue fever is more urgent compared to the past. In past, medicinal plants have been used due to their therapeutic activity for the treatment of vector-borne diseases such as Malaria. Demand for natural medicine is increasing due to its best efficacy and safety. Additionally, natural medicines are also cost-effective as compared to synthetic medicines. This review aims to describe the medicinal plants distributed all over the world with the best therapeutic potential for the treatment of this ailment. Furthermore, pathogenesis, characteristics of a disease, and prevalence are also described in this review. It has been demonstrated from recent and current studies that natural medicine and plants having medicinal activities are considered safe and better treatments for all diseases.

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Snihur, H., A. Kharina, M. Kaliuzhna, V. Chumak, and I. Budzanivska. "First Report of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus in Zea mays L. in Ukraine." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 5 (October 17, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.05.058.

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Maize viral diseases especially maize dwarf mosaic disease (MDMD), which is caused by potyviruses, lead to significant crop losses worldwide. Aim. The aim of this work was to identify the causal agent of mosaic symptoms, observed on maize plants during 2018—2020 in Kyiv region. Methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the DAS-ELISA modification using commercial Loewe Biochemica test systems for Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) were applied to identify the causal agent of maize disease in collected samples. Transmission electron microscopy was used in order to direct viral particle visualisation. Aphids, which are natural vectors of plant viruses, were found on diseased plants. Results. Plants with typical mosaic symptoms were observed in corn crops of the Kyiv region in early June 2018. The pathogen was transmitted by mechanical inoculation to maize and sweet maize plants with the manifestation of mosaic symptoms. Electron microscopy of the sap from diseased plants revealed the presence of flexible filamentous virions 750 nm long and 13 nm in diameter, typical for the genus Potyvirus. In August, mosaic symptoms and aphids Rhopalosiphum padi were found on previously healthy plants in the same maize crop. In 2020, in the same sown area, maize plants were free of viral infection during inspection in June, but a re-inspection in September revealed mosaic symptoms on maize crop and the presence of aphids in the leaf axils. The presence of SCMV in maize samples collected in June and August/September 2018 and 2020, as well as in inoculated maize and sweet maize plants, was confirmed by ELISA using a commercial test system. The obtained data allow suggesting that Rhopalosiphum padi is a natural vector of SCMV in agrocenoses of Ukraine. It should be noted that co-infection with MDMV and WSMV in the affected plants was not detected. Conclusions. This study presents the first report of SCMV in maize in Ukraine.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vecteur viraux'

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