Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vecteur viraux'
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Link, Peggy. "Identification des déterminants viraux responsables de la spécificité de transmission du Grapevine fanleaf virus par son nématode vecteur Xiphinema index." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13140.
Full textGrapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) causes fanleaf degeneration, one of the most severe viral diseases of grapevines worlwide. This virus is specifically transmitted by the nematode Xiphinema index and its genome consists of two single-stranded positive-sense RNA species. My thesis work focused on the identification of the molecular determinants involved in the specific transmission of GFLV by Xiphinema index. Previous studies indicated that residues responsible for transmission map to RNA2, in particular within the 9 C-terminal amino acids of the movement protein and the 504 amino acids of the coat protein. Chimeric cDNA of RNA2 were constructed by exchanging GFLV residues by their counterparts in Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), another virus responsible for fanleaf degeneration that is specifically transmitted by Xiphinema diversicaudatum but not by Xiphinema index. The infectivity of chimeric RNA2 was tested on systemic herbaceous host plants in the presence of GFLV RNA1, as well as their transmissibility by Xiphinema index. Results indicated that the coat protein is the sole viral determinant for the specific transmission. A 3D model of the GFLV capsid was constructed from the crystal structure of Tobacco ringspot virus to identify surface amino acids that are specific and conserved among GFLV isolates for mutagenesis experiments. Two of the coat protein mutants systemically infected host plants. Their transmissibility by Xiphinema index is being tested. The transmissibility of the other mutants was not determined because they did not infect systemically host plants likely because their RNA are not encapsidated, as shown by RNA protection assays upon electroporation of Chenopodium quinoa protoplasts
BRUYERE, ARNAUD. "Etude des determinants viraux impliques dans la transmission du beet western yellows virus (bwyv) par son vecteur, le puceron myzus persicae." Strasbourg 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13128.
Full textCottard, Virginie. "Développement et utilisation de vecteurs viraux et cellulaires en thérapie génique anti-inflammatoire : application à un modèle de polyarthrite rhumatoïde." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077029.
Full textAvenel, Allan. "Caractérisation et immunomodulation de la réponse cellulaire contre les produits de thérapie génique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU1028.
Full textRecombinant adeno-associated viruses Of positive donors, followed by AAV8 with 24%. In addition,(rAAVS) are efficient tools for in vivo gene transfer,with 8 drugs approved by the FDA or the EMA in theUnited States and Europe. However, there are stillmajor hurdles to overcome to improve their efficiencyand safety in clinics. Actually, severe adverse eventsrelated to the activation of the host's immune systemfollowing systemic injection of high doses of rAAV.into patients have been reported, leading in somecases to clinical trials hold. This immunotoxicity ispartly due to a reactivation of a T cell-mediatedcellular response, developed after primary wild-typeAAV infection during childhood. This response is stillpoorly characterized, despite its strong potentialeffect on treatment efficacy and patient health. Theaim of this thesis is therefore to improve ourknowledge on this pre-existing cellular response toAAV. We first studied the prevalence of the cellularresponse towards 6 AAV serotypes used in clinicaltrials in a cohort of-45-145 healthy donors from thePays de la Loire area. Our results show that in ourcohort, AAV9 was the most prevalent with 45%assessment of the cytokine expression profile highlighteddifferences between anti-AAV8 and anti-AAV9 T cells. To furthercharacterize these cells, | developed a protocol to enrich thevery rare population of anti-AAV8 and anti-AAV9 T lymphocytesdepending on their IFN-y secretion in healthy donors (n=6 andn=9 respectively). These cells were then analyzed by spectralcytometry using a panel of 26 colors to characterize themaccording to their phenotype and state of differentiation. Thisallowed us to identify a subpopulation of EM CD8 T-cells inresponse to AAV8 and AAV9. Moreover, a subpopulation ofEMRA CD8 T-cells in an advanced state of differentiation wasidentified in response to AAV8. The development of these toolswill allow to develop innovative immunomodulatory strategies to prevent AAV immunogenicity in patient
BELIN, CHRISTOPHE. "Recherche des determinants viraux impliques dans la transmission du virus du court-noue de la vigne (gflv) par son vecteur, le nematode xiphinema index." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13078.
Full textVaysse, Laurence. "Développement de vecteurs non viraux pour le transfert de gène dans l'épithélium respiratoire." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28795.
Full textDoucet, Gilles. "Les vecteurs viraux pour le développement de thérapies géniques ex vivo dans les cellules du muscle squelettique humain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19481.
Full textVenail, Frédéric. "Transfert d'ADN dans la cochlée de mammifère par vecteur adénoviral : mise au point technique vers un modèle de régénération de l'organe de Corti utilisant l'interférence ARN." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T024.
Full textLéger, Psylvia. "Etude comparée de l'infection de cellules de l'hôte mammifère et de cellules du vecteur moustique par le virus de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077073.
Full textThe Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes to humans and livestock that causes dramatic epidemies and epizootics. As a member of the Phlebovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family, the short segment (S) of its genome has an ambisens coding strategy for the nucleoprotein N and the non structural protein NSs. The later present an unusual localization to the nucleus, where it forms filamentous structures in mammalian cells. Through the interaction with several cellular factors, the NSs protein can be considered as a virulent factor. Interaction of NSs with p44, a subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH, induces a progressive inhibition of the cellular RNA synthesis. NSs is also responsible of a specific inhibition of the interferon (3 (IFN(3) pathway when interacting with SAP30 and the transcription factor YY1, both required for the cell antiviral response. Contrary to mammals, the infection of mosquito cells by the RVFV remains asymptomatic. As the filamentous structure in the nucleus vanishes early after infection of mosquito cells, we analyzed the interaction of the NSs protein with the mosquito orthologs of the p44 and SAP30. A transient shutoff of the transcription is associated when NSs is present in the nucleus of mosquito cells, whereas the cleafance of NSs correlates with RNA synthesis restoration. These findings highlight the role of the NSs protein for differential pathogenesis observed between arthropod and mammal
Lourenco, Sofia. "Etude de la modulation de la traduction du virus de l'hépatite C par des facteurs viraux en cis et en trans et développement de nouveaux outils via le système lentiviral." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066333.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible of a major health problem, infecting 3% of world population. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) possesses a positive single-stranded RNA genome with highly structured non coding (NC) regions at its extremities: 5’NC and 3’NC. Translation initiation of HCV RNA occurs via an Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) located at its 5’end. Our aim was to clarify the role of cis (3’NCR) and trans (C, NS5A, NS5B) viral factors on the regulation of IRES activity. By the use of a dual RNA reporter system, targeting the translation step and avoiding the cryptic IRES promoter activity, relative IRES activities measured in luminometry (= RLuc/FLuc activities ratio) revealed the following features : 1) all the HCV 3’ non coding (NC) sequences tested highly stimulate in cis the IRES efficiency; 2) a dose and genotype dependent modulation of the translation in trans was shown with the capsid and NS5B ; and 3) not any cooperative effect could be obtained either between viral proteins, or in the presence of both cis and trans factors. Taking together these results encouraged us to propose a model in which the viral factors tested act sequentially to modulate viral translation and the switch to replication. We then focus on the development of novel tools for evaluating the IRES activity analysis. We established a bicistronic lentiviral system, which revealed efficient for drugs screening, however not adequate for a precise IRES activity analysis. Experiments actually in progress aim the precise analysis of IRES activity, drugs screening and in addition the study of other viruses, replacing the vaccine system currently used
Boni, Sébastien. "Observation in vitro de la modulation de l'activité traductionnelle de l'IRES du virus de l'hépatite C par certains facteurs viraux et mise au point d'un système d'étude cellulaire de son activité via un vecteur lentiviral." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066446.
Full textBergeron, Corinne. "Composition génétique de semences vaccinales H3N2 et construction d'un virus vecteur : une histoire d'encapsidation de segments chez les virus influenza de type A." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625467.
Full textDimier, Julie. "Développement d'un vecteur virus de la vaccine, réplicatif et atténué, pour la vaccination antivariolique et pour la vaccination contre la fièvre hémorragique à virus Ebola." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870840.
Full textCarrière, Marie. "Ciblage de vecteurs non viraux de thérapie génique." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005659.
Full textCe travail a permis de concevoir et d'étudier trois outils visant à améliorer cette efficacité.
Un premier volet concerne le ciblage du noyau cellulaire. Une banque de plasmides comportant une séquence aléatoire a été construite dans le but d'identifier une séquence nucléotidique permettant l'interaction du plasmide avec une protéine karyophile qui pourrait l'escorter jusqu'au noyau cellulaire. Le caractère aléatoire de la banque a été validé mais les séquences recherchées n'ont pas pu être identifiées grâce aux tests que nous avons employés.
Le peptide de localisation nucléaire IBB de l'importine a été couplé de façon covalente au squelette d'un plasmide dans le but de promouvoir la fixation du plasmide aux protéines récepteurs d'import nucléaire. La spécificité de l'interaction entre ce plasmide-IBB et les récepteurs cellulaires n'a pas pu être démontrée, les tests employés n'ont pas permis de mettre en évidence un import nucléaire accru de ces plasmides. En revanche le peptide IBB compacte l'ADN, améliorant la lipofection par modification des caractéristiques physico-chimiques du lipoplexe.
Le deuxième volet de ce travail concerne le ciblage extracellulaire, envisagé dans le système modèle du récepteur aux asialoglycoprotéines des hépatocytes. Des liposomes cationiques à têtes de ciblage galactosylées ont permis de définir les caractéristiques structurales et physico-chimiques les plus favorables pour l'accessibilité de la tête de ciblage. L'intégration d'un espaceur polyéthylèneglycol au lipide galactosylé a permis de limiter l'internalisation non spécifique des lipoplexes dans les cellules non visées, nous n'avons pas observé de ciblage des hépatocytes.
Carrière, Marie. "Ciblage de vecteurs non viraux de therapie genique." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0001.
Full textVial, Thomas. "Le virus de la dengue détourne le métabolisme des phospholipides du moustique pour sa réplication." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30036.
Full textMore than half of the world population is at risk of dengue virus (DENV) infection because of the global distribution of its mosquito vectors. There is neither effective vaccine nor therapeutics. The only available strategy relies on insecticides, against which mosquitoes are developing resistance. Viruses utilize the host metabolome for replication and dissemination. This is particularly true for envelope viruses like DENV that relies on host lipid membranes to complete their life-cycle. To reach an optimal metabolic environment, viruses subvert the host metabolome. Understanding DENV-mosquito metabolic interactions will reveal novel strategies to stop DENV transmission. Here, we characterized how DENV hijacks the Aedes aegypti mosquito lipidome to identify targets for novel transmission-blocking interventions. To describe metabolic changes throughout the mosquito DENV cycle, we deployed a Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) workflow at different stages of vector infection. We revealed a major phospholipid reconfiguration throughout the DENV mosquito cycle, in cells, midguts, and whole mosquitoes. To decipher how DENV reconfigures phospholipids, we phylogenetically characterized acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) enzyme isoforms and identified those (i.e., AGPAT1) that catalyze a central rate-limiting step in phospholipid biogenesis. We found that DENV infection decreased AGPAT1 expression, which depletion enhances infection by maintaining high aminophospholipid (aminoPL) concentrations, especially phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), during DENV mosquito cycle. By demonstrating that DENV-mediated AGPAT1 downregulation provides a proviral environment, these results reveal the first metabolic host factor in mosquitoes and emphasize the role of aminophospholipids in DENV cellular cycle. We then undertook to precise how DENV influences aminoPL biosynthesis and what stage of DENV cellular cycle requires aminoPL reconfiguration. De novo biosynthesis of PC and PE is known as the Kennedy pathway, where a diacylglycerol (DAG) incorporates either a choline or an ethanolamine group. AminoPL remodeling by deacylation/reacylation then ensures membrane dynamism that participates in membrane rearrangements. Using isotopic labelling through ethanolamine or choline supplementation, we showed that DENV modulates PC and PE biosynthesis by interacting with membrane remodeling.[...]
Fromont, Emmanuelle. "Analyse comparative de la transmission de cinq virus dans des populations de chats domestiques (Felis catus L. )." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10190.
Full textClaron, Michaël. "Synthèse de vecteurs peptidiques non-viraux : vectorisation et ciblage tumoral." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV036/document.
Full textIn order to develop new agents for cancer diagnosis and treatment, our work aims to synthesize complex peptide macromolecules that are able to specifically recognize cancer cells. Our goal is to increase the therapeutic efficiency and reduce the toxicity of currently available drugs using "targeted strategies". In this context, we designed sophisticated macromolecules encompassing a cell recognition domain and one or several components used to detect and/or destroy the target. This system was prepared starting from a cyclodecapeptidic scaffold presenting particular conformational properties. Different approaches were considered. First of all our work was to investigate new tumor receptor ligands based on the recognition domain of a therapeutics monoclonal antibody. We proposed the design of Rituximab mimics which targets the CD20 antigen used for the treatment of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In a second approach, we prepared new vectors for tumor imaging. For this purpose, multivalent scaffolds containing RGD peptide that targets alpha-v-beta-3 integrin were combined with several detection elements and evaluated by using PET, SPECT and optical imaging techniques. We also used this peptide vector for the selective cell capture and release from flowing suspensions, using a gold surface modified with a cyclodextrin-containing self-assembled monolayer (SAM). A scaffold containing ferrocenyl and -RGD- ligands permitted the selective capture and release of tumor cells. This experiment was monitored by QCM-D. This vector has been next grafted to a cytotoxic peptide that was discovered from a pro-apoptotic protein named “Bax”. Finally, we designed new molecules which include an additional ligand for the cell’s surface to increase the selectivity and the affinity of tumor tissue
Veron, Philippe. "Intéractions entre cellules dendritiques humaines et vecteurs viraux de thérapie génique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T053.
Full textBerthold, François. "Grapevine fanleaf virus replication : viral proteins and host factors." Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ086.
Full textMelendez, Matias. "Site-specific Excision-Dependent (SED) vectors : a novel concept in herpes simplex virus type-1-based gene transfer vectors." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10269.
Full textA major obstacle to gene therapy is the inability to transduce sufficient numbers of cells in a target organ or tissue to achieve improvement from the disease state. This applies particularly to the neuromuscular system, considering both the disseminated nature of muscles and the challenges involved in scaling up results from small animal models to the clinical treatment of human disorders. The aim of this project was to develop and validate (in vitro and in vivo) a new concept on HSV-1-based viral vectors, conceived to significantly expand the number of target cells that will receive the vectors expressing the therapeutic transgene. The novel vectors should retain the high safety standards that are common to replication incompetent vectors, and avoid the incorporation of bacterial DNA sequences, which had been identified as responsible for gene silencing and activation of immune responses. This new vector system is based on a replication-incompetent HSV-1 recombinant vector carrying a secondary HSV-1 amplicon vector genome integrated in its own genome. Upon infection of target cells, the secondary vector genome will be dissociated from the carrier vector genome as a subgenomic fragment through Cre/loxP-based site specific recombination, therefore generating two progeny genomes, a defective amplicon vector genome and the remaining of the replication-incompetent HSV-1 genome. This latter genome will act as a defective helper, expressing the proteins required to allow amplification and packaging of the amplicon vector genome into virus particles. In this way, the incoming recombinant HSV-1 vector can be described as a vector platform that will launch a secondary vector, the amplicon vector carrying the therapeutic transgene, to interconnected neurons or muscle cells. Since the secondary vector will be excised from the carrier genome through a site-specific recombination event, we will refer to this system as Site-specific Excision-Dependent (SED) vectors. Two major improvements over currently used HSV-1-based vectors will be introduced in SED vectors. First, they will allow to produce high amounts of high-titre helper-free amplicon vector stocks in vitro without using bacterial plasmids, therefore highly improving the methods to prepare vectors stocks both in quantitative, qualitative and biosafety terms (SEDVITRO). Second, they will allow generating and launching amplicon vectors in vivo, in the SED-vector infected cells, therefore significantly expanding the number of transduced target cells and increasing the penetration of the therapeutic transgene, while retaining the safety level of replication-incompetent vectors (SEDVIVO)
Girod, Anne. "Production de vecteurs rétroviraux par des lignées transcomplémentantes aviaires : augmentation du titre en vecteurs et analyse des formes virales parasites produites." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10312.
Full textCresto, Noemie. "Etude de l'impact de la sur-expression de la partie C-terminale de LRRK2 mutée G2019S dans les neurones dopaminergiques de la substance noire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS112.
Full textAlpha-synuclein (α-syn) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) proteins are likely to play crucial roles both in sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The most prevalent mutation in LRRK2 is the G2019S substitution which induces neurotoxicity through a marked increase of its kinase activity. A possible interplay between LRRK2 and α-syn may be involved in the dysfunction and/or in the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SNc) in PD. In the first part of the study, we evaluated whether the overexpression of LRRK2G2019S using lentiviral vectors (LVs) and adeno-associated virus (AAV2/9), which can overexpress transgenes selectively in neurons could trigger neurodegeneration in the SNc, in other words, whether cell-autonomous mechanisms are sufficient to trigger the degeneration of DA neurons. We generated constructs corresponding to the C-terminal domain of LRRK2 (ΔLRRK2) containing the kinase domain. Results of assays performed in vitro indicated that ΔLRRK2 retains biochemical properties of full length LRRK2. Six months after the stereotaxic injection of LV-ΔLRRK2G2019S in the SNc, the number of DA neurons was unchanged, however, the infection of the SNc with AAV-ΔLRRK2G2019S but not with AAV-ΔLRRK2WT induced a significant ~30% loss of DA neurons. These results suggested that neuronal overexpression of the mutant kinase domain of LRRK2 was sufficient to trigger neurodegeneration in the SNc in the adult brain. In the second part of the study, we aimed at studying whether ΔLRRK2G2019S could increase the neurotoxicity of a mutant form of α-syn (A53T mutation) in vivo in DA neurons. We used a co-infection approach with AAV vectors encoding the α-synA53T, and ΔLRRK2 G2019S alone or with the D1994A mutation (ΔLRRK2G2019S/D1994A) that inactivates the kinase activity of LRRK2. AAVs were stereotaxically co-injected into the rat SNc and histological evaluation was performed at 6 and 15 weeks (early and late time points) post-infection. Results showed that ΔLRRK2G2019S increased the toxicity of α-synA53T in a kinase-dependent manner. Altogether, the present study supports the hypothesis that a functional interaction between LRRK2 and α-syn may play a key role in PD pathogenesis. The new “double hit” model we developed in rats may be of interest to test novel neuroprotective strategies targeting LRRK2/α-syn in vivo
Abraham, Jean-Daniel. "Mise au point de préparations vaccinales basées sur des vecteurs viraux et dirigées contre l'infection par le virus de l'Hépatite C." Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13066.
Full textMore than 170 millions people are infected by Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) throughout the world. Five to twenty percent of these infections lead to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Few datas about viral enzymes have been collected, due to the absence of an efficient in vitro replication system. Thus, few specific antiviral drugs are available to fight against the desease. Nowadays, vaccination seems the most promising strategy. Recombinant viral vectors, either encoding native or modified HCV structural proteins, or encoding non structural proteins, were engineered. These vectors were based on vaccinia virus (MVA strain) and adenovirus, which are both non replicative in most of mammalian cells. All vectors were first analyzed for their capacity to allow HCV proteins expression in hepatocellular transduced cells. Proteins were detected by immunofluorescence or Western Blot. The immunogenicity of the vectors was evaluated in two murine models (C57/Bl6 and HLA-A2. 1 transgenic mice). Anti-HCV antibodies were detected by ELISA in sera from immunized mice. Mice splenocytes were analyzed either for their ability to proliferate (3H-thymidine incorporation test), to produce IFN-g (ELISPOT), or for their cytotoxic properties (51Cr release CTL assay). Thus, we have demonstrated a more efficient induction of humoral and cellular immune response against the viral envelope glycoprotein E2 when mice were immunized with the vector encoding E2 expressed at the cell surface, compared with the intracellular native E2. After analysis of the immunogenicity of each vector, this work will lead to the evaluation of prime-boost combination and to the selection of adenoviral and poxviral vectors for clinical assays
Mongiat-Artus, Pierre. "Stratégies d'adressage cellulaire de vecteurs viraux pour la thérapie génique en urologie." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11TO73.
Full textCottis, Solène. "Viral manipulation and vectorial specificity mediated by interaction with the G3BP protein, Rasputin in Anopheles mosquitoes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS437.
Full textAedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors of many arboviruses including chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus. In contrast Anopheles gambiae transmit the parasite Plasmodium, causative agent of malaria. The response of Anopheles mosquitoes to pathogens has been studied mainly for Plasmodium due to the clinical importance of malaria. The only known arbovirus for which Anopheles is the primary vector is o’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV). It is not understood why Anopheles apparently do not display more vectorial potential for arboviruses, particularly because the presence of a virome and transmission of ONNV suggests a potential risk for Anopheles to become a more prominent arbovirus vector in the future. Antiviral response in Anopheles has primarily been studied using ONNV, although only relatively few reports have been published on the subject. The mosquito orthologs of Ras-GAP SH3 domain binding proteins (G3BP), called Rasputin, has been studied in mammals but barely examined in mosquitoes where Rasputin was shown to act as a proviral factor in Aedes, but the proviral molecular mechanism is not understood yet. The first objective of this thesis is to assess the role of Rasputin during ONNV infection in Anopheles mosquitoes and to determine the mechanism mediated by Rasputin. We hypothesis that Rasputin may interact with host antiviral immunity. By using a combination of genomic, cellular, and biochemical methods, I provide evidence that Rasputin is proviral because of the viral manipulation of Rasputin to modulate antiviral immune signaling pathways. These results indicate, for the first time, that Rasputin is required for viral hijacking as a physical target of the viral non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) of ONNV. The second part of my thesis project focused on vectorial specificity in mosquitoes by using the comparison of two closely related alphaviruses, ONNV and CHIKV, as an experimental model. ONNV and CHIKV display many similarities in their biology and pathology, with the major difference being their use of vector species (Anopheles and Aedes, respectively). Previous evidence suggested that nsP3 could be a determinant of vectorial specificity between those two viruses, and here we hypothesize that the role of the interaction between Rasputin and nsP3 of the two different viruses and mosquitoes has a role in vector specificity. By using genomic and cellular methods, I highlighted that Rasputin also acts as a proviral factor for CHIKV in an Anopheles cellular model. Moreover, we found that the match between Anopheles or Aedes Rasputin and the nsP3 of each virus is an important determinant of the cell-specific viral infection. Thus, the interaction between Rasputin and nsP3 of CHIKV and ONNV at least in part influences vectorial specificity for these alphaviruses. Finally, I studied the role of a new host factor involved in ONNV infection of Anopheles encoded by the gene AGAP000570. I characterized the proviral role of this extracellular factor during ONNV infection through a possible paracrine-like mechanism. I also assess the relationship between this secreted factor and Rasputin during viral infection and revealed that those two proteins could act in the same functional pathway. These results generate novel biological insight for the proviral function of Rasputin in manipulating antiviral immune pathways in mosquitoes that could be extended to the role of G3BP in mammals
Hermal, Florence. "Recouvrement et modification de nanoparticules afin d’optimiser leurs propriétés physico-chimiques pour des applications pharmaceutiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF058.
Full textThe Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique has emerged as a simple and effective method for surface modification and functionalization, especially of nanoparticles. We have explored this coating technique to increase the resistance of conventional liposomes. We have developed a layer-by-layer formulation procedure using two biodegradable and biocompatible polyelectrolytes with opposite charges: poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and poly(L-glutamic) acid (PGA). This procedure has allowed the development of very homogeneous formulations of liposomes coated with up to 6 layers of polymers (layersomes) and liposomes coated with two layers of cross-linked polyelectrolytes. The coating was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), quartz crystal microbalance technique (QCM), and energy transfer between two fluorescent molecules (FRET). Studies on the stability of formulations at 4°C in a buffered solution have shown that some structures are stable over 2 months without impacting their encapsulation capacity. The results suggest a better resistance of the coated liposomes in the presence of a non-ionic detergent (Triton™ X-100) as well as in the presence of plasma. In a second step, this procedure was adapted to coat inactivated H5N1 virus particles in order to develop a "delayed" form of the virus. Viral particles coated with up to 4 polymer layers as well as particles coated with 2 layers of cross-linked polyelectrolytes were obtained and characterized by DLS, laser diffraction (LD) as well as confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Stability studies have shown that the coating of viruses stored at 4°C is stable for at least 2 months. We showed that the LbL assembly had no impact on the immunogenicity of the viral particles and that a delayed release of the virus was likely. This work has demonstrated the adaptability of layer by layer assembly of nanoparticles for various pharmaceutical applications
Thevenet, Jonathan. "Développement de vecteurs viraux permettant une expression spécifique du transgène dans les neurones /." Sion, 2008. http://doc.rero.ch/record/10794?ln=fr.
Full textWestmoreland, Patrick Riley. "Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vector Design Influences Genotoxic Potential." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514462220056427.
Full textChen, Jiaxuan. "Amphiphilic dendrimers for nucleic acid delivery." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/210310_CHEN_287zgujq865yybu380ckoiv981e_TH%20(1).pdf.
Full textGene therapy via nucleic acid therapeutics represents the most recent advance made during the biotechnology revolution in medicine. While allowing the treatment of almost any disease with known gene sequence at its root, nucleic acid therapeutics are vulnerable to enzymatic degradation and their negative charge also presents a major obstacle for cellular uptake. Amphiphilic dendrimers are emerging as appealing non-viral vectors for nucleic acid delivery thanks to their ability to offer delivery advantages of both lipid and polymer vectors. In my PhD thesis, I designed, synthesized and characterized a series of amphiphilic dendrimers for nucleic acid delivery. These amphiphilic dendrimers bear either hydrophobic alkyl chains with varying levels of unsaturation or bola-lipid core with thioacetal group responsive to the reactive oxygen species (ROS), alongside hydrophilic PAMAM dendrons the generation number and cationic terminals (tertiary amine, arginine and guanidine functionalities) of which vary between amphiphilic dendrimers. I established a robust and reproducible synthesis for these dendrimers. Preliminary studies on the use of these dendrimers for nucleic acid delivery revealed that those with arginine and guanidine terminals showed better delivery efficiency compared to those bearing primary amine terminals. Also, performance of bola-amphiphilic dendrimers in DNA and siRNA delivery was generation-dependent. Collectively, the results provide both a proof-of-principle of the use of amphiphilic dendrimers as vectors for nucleic acid delivery, and a means to understanding the structure-activity relationship involved
MIRAMON, MARIE-LAURE. "Synthese et evaluation de nouveaux vecteurs non-viraux biocompatibles pour le transfert de genes." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10010.
Full textLecollinet, Sylvie. "Mécanismes d'interaction des vecteurs adénoviraux avec la muqueuse intestinale et conséquences pour la vaccination orale." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077121.
Full textIn an effort to optimise adenoviral vectors (Ad) for oral vaccination, we wish to characterise the interactions between Ad and intestinal mucosa and their consequences for the induction of immune responses (IR). The efficacy of conventional Ad derived from serotype 5 (Ad5) could be limited by the low availability of their receptors at the apical pole of epithelia. We have compared the behaviour of vectors derived from Ad5 and pseudotyped with the fibers of different human serotypes, known to use diverse receptors, in culture models of differentiated intestinal epithelium. Vectors bearing the fibers of certain Ad of subgroups B and D transduced human epithelium from the apical pole much more efficiently than Ad5, in relation to their capacity to use CD46 or sialoconjugates for attachaient. Upon intragastric (ig) immunisation of C57B1/6 mice, the tested vectors consistently elicited intestinal IgA secretion, whose kinetics and amplitude substantially differed even for Ad that used identical receptors. Thus vaccinal efficiency did not appear to mirror capacity to breach the epithelial barrier in vitro. However, analysis of intestinal expression of viral transcripts evidenced a good correlation between in vitro and in vivo intestinal transduction efficacies. Moreover, identical IR were detected in wildtype and human CD46 transgenic mice after ig administration of an Ad bearing a CD46-dependent fiber. When taken together, these studies suggest that the interaction between fiber and its cognate receptor on epithelial cells does not constitute a limiting step for induction of IR after oral administration of Ad
Gaiffe, Emilie. "Les cellules apoptotiques vecteurs d'oncogènes viraux : Une voie alternative de la carcinogenèse associée aux HPV." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA3006/document.
Full textApoptotic cells in mammals may be completely degraded by specialized phagocytic cells or serve as a DNA vector. The oncogene transfer via apoptotic cells leads to the transformation of récipient cells but only when they are p53 deficient. As the E6 oncogene of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) leads to p53 dégradation, its transfer from apoptotic cells may be the cause of an alternative mechanism of HPV-associated carcinogenesis. To confirm this hypothesis, we induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells that may harbor HPV sequences. In collaboration with Patrick Sandoz's team at the FEMTO-ST optical laboratory, we used their position-referenced microsystem for the automated observation of apoptotic cell internalization. We also found that apoptotic cells are phagocytized by fibroblasts regardless of their virological status. Only apoptotic cells from cells harboring HPV DNA transform recipient cells. Viral DNA expression, including E6, in transformed fibroblasts and the loss of p53 and p21 protein expression suggest that HPV oncogènes may cause transformation. These results highlight a new mechanism of HPV-associated carcinogenesis via apoptotic cell phagocytosis. This mechanism may be involved in thé transformation of primary cells and the progression of HPV-associated tumors
CLARY, LAURENCE. "Phospholipides et glycolipides comme constituants de systemes vecteurs de medicaments ou comme agents anti-viraux." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE4927.
Full textTop, Sokunthea. "Le virus myxomateux, vecteur vaccinal chez les ruminants : application à la bluetongue." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1661/.
Full textPoxviruses are deemed as vaccine vectors of choice. Among them, the myxoma virus (MYXV), the prototype of the Leporipoxvirus genus has proved its efficacy in different animal species but not in ruminants. In this work, we evaluated SG33, an attenuated strain of MYXV as a non-replicative vaccine vector in sheep. In a first study, we examined interactions between SG33 and ovine dendritic cells. We showed in vitro that SG33 infect ovine dendritic cells (DC) mainly the subpopulation of Langerhans-type. Expression of the recombinant antigen was demonstrated although the cycle of SG33 replication was abortive. After maturation, the ovine DC remained susceptible to MYXV, although apoptosis occured within eight hours after infection. Finally, analysis of the gene expression profile of infected DC highlighted that most overexpressed genes are involved in the inflammatory and immune responses, and the signaling pathways of type I interferon. Subsequently, the final demonstration of the SG33 efficacy as a vaccine vector in sheep was carried out using as challenge experiment. We used a highly virulent bluetongue virus challenge model to test protection of sheep previously immunised with SG33 expressing the major VP2 protein antigen of BTV, associated or not with the VP5 protein. We showed that only two immunisations with SG33 expressing VP2 alone elicited a significant clinical and virological protection in sheep against the homologous BTV challenge. Protection was mainly correlated with the presence of neutralising antibodies in sheep before challenge. Differences of VP2 expression between the two SG33 recombinant viruses may explain the differences of protection observed in this study. Finally, since VP7 protein of BTV was suggested to induce cross protective immunity between BTV serotypes, we showed that intradermal inoculation of sheep with SG33 expressing the VP7 protein, can generate an humoral and a CD4+ cellular immune response specific to VP7. However, this immune response did not provide protection against an heterologous BTV challenge. Taken together, these results indicate that MYXV is able to induce an effective adaptive immune response in sheep, leading to significant protection against a severe challenge, making this virus a promising vector for vaccination of ruminants
Mulot, Michaël. "Analyse fonctionnelle du récepteur de l'éphrine de Myzus persicae et mise en évidence de son rôle dans la transmissino du virus de la jaunisse du navet." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ004/document.
Full textPoleroviruses infect a wide range of economically important plants. They are transmitted in a circulative and non-propagative mode by an insect vector, the aphid. The virus particles are acquired by aphids when ingesting the sap from an infected plant and cross successively the epithelia of the midgut and the salivary gland cells by a transcytosis mechanism that relies on the presence of unknown receptors.The ephrin receptor (Eph) is a membrane protein which contains a domain able to bind in yeast to the structural proteins of poleroviruses. By developing methods based on RNA interference, we have shown that oral acquisition of double-stranded RNA targeting Eph in the aphid Myzus persicae can reproducibly reduce polerovirus internalization into the aphid's body. Such treated aphids transmit the virus to plants with a lower efficiency. Eph could therefore function as a receptor for poleroviruses in M. persicae
Suleman, Muhammad. "Interaction des vecteurs vaccinaux dérivés de l'adénovirus humain de sérotype 5 avec des cellules dendritiques." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077022.
Full textVaccine vectors derived from human adenovirus sérotype 5 (Ad5) elicit robust immune responses (IR) directed against the antigen encoded by the transgene in diverse mammalian species. The induced IR exhibits a pronounced T helper (Th) 1 orientation, and Ad5-based vectors are recognized as a leading vaccine platform for induction of CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. Much, however, remains to be learned as regards how these vectors interact with professional antigen presenting cells (APC) to induce adaptive IR. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional APC endowed with the ability to prime naïve T lymphocytes, and are thus seminal in adaptive IR. DC are able to distinguish different classes of pathogens, and induce IR that are proportional to the perceived risk and appropriate, as regards the nature of the immune effectors deployed, for the pathogen in question. This plasticity is related to the existence of distinct DC subsets, such as theCD8α+ and CD8α‾ DC subsets that are specialised in presentation of exogenous antigen by class I and class II pathways, respectively. At present, however, the relative contribution of different DC subsets to the initiation of adaptive IR by Ad5-based vaccines is unknown. This information is needed to optimise interactions between Ad5-based vaccines and DC subsets, so as to amplify immune responses and even selectively elicit pathogen-appropriate IR. To this end, we have explored how Ad5-based vectors interact with murine splenic DC. First, we have investigated the interaction of Ad5-based vectors with CD8α+ or CD8α‾ DC subsets. Although in both ex vivo and in vivo experiment CD8α+ and CD8α‾ PC subsets captured an Ad5-based vector to a similar extent, transgene expression and subsequent MHC class I display of a transgene-encoded antigen were more efficient in CD8a+ DC. Moreover, following in vivo an ex vivo transduction with an Ad5-based vaccine, antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes were more effïciently activated by CD8a+ DC than by CD8a" DC. Second, we have studied how Ad5 is captured by mucosal DC in situ, after intestinal loop inoculation of Ad5. Preliminary data have indicated that Ad5 is effïciently translocated to the subepithelial tissue via specialized M cells present in follicle-associated epithelium and captured by mucosal DC in gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Conjugates of Ad5 with secretory IgA are to be tested to improve stability of Ad5 in the intestinal milieu an enhance breaching of the mucosal barrier. Last, in an attempt to improve the tropism of vaccine vectors, chemically or metabolically biotinylated Ad have been coupled via neutravidin to either biotinylated antibodies or natural ligand directed against endocytotic receptors present at the surface of DC. Trial experiments that have been performed using murine bone marrow DC have shown that retargeting can improve attachment, transgene expression and MHC class presentation of transgene-encoded antigen. This strategy could be exploited to improve delivery of transgene-encoded antigen to selected DC subsets, so as to amplify IR or elicit pathogen-appropriate IR
Tan, Joanne Li-Ching, and n/a. "Development of Orf virus as a vaccine vector : manipulation of structural proteins for surface display of immunogenic peptides." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090427.144304.
Full textIglesias, Maria Candela. "Les vecteurs lentiviraux comme outils pour la vaccination anti-virale." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077108.
Full textLentiviral vectors derived from hiv-1, due to their capacity to transduce non-dividinq cells, have become precious gane transfer Systems, their ability to efficiently transduce dendritic cells (PC), bas also led to their successful use as vaccination vectors. Here we evaluate their potential as anti-viral vaccination vectors. To design a therapeutic vaccination strateqy aqainst AIDS, we constructed lentiviral vectors encoding polyepitopes of immunodominant HLA-A2 or B7 restricted hiv-peptides, or SIV gene fragments. A single injection in mice results in a strong immunogenicity. When immunizing HLA-A2 or B7 transgenic mice with the polyepitope-encoding vector particles, elispot and cytotoxicity assays showed a strong and broad primary T cell immune response still detected 1. 5 months after a single immunization. Injection of a GAG or NEF- encodinq vector in mice induced strong CTL responses. The nef encoding vector was evaluated in macaques : injection of vector particles or ex-vivo transduced PC stimulate strong and diversified CTL responses. Lentiviral vectors are also capable of stimulating specific humoral immune responses in mice. We constructed a vector coding for secreted form of the West Nile Virus (WNV) envelope protein, a virus for which the humoral immune response is the essential component of protective immunity. A single immunization with a minute dose of this vector was efficient at eliciting a long-lasting, protective and sterilizing humoral immunity, only one week after priming, in a mouse model of WNV encephalitis. This study broadens the applicability of lentiviral vectors as vaccines against pathogens for which neutralizing antibodies are required
Abdou, Souad. "Stratégie antisens d'inhibition de l'expression de gènes viraux (Coronavirus et Cytomegalovirus) : intérêt des cyclodextrines pour la vectorisation d'oligonucléotides." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN12017.
Full textPerrenot, Nicolas Guérin Jean-Luc. "Evaluation du virus myxomateux en tant que vecteur vaccinal chez les volailles." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/1775/1/celdran_1775.pdf.
Full textOlayat, Sophie. "Utilisation de vecteurs rétroviraux aviaires pour l'étude de l'implication de gènes dans la resistance des oiseaux aux maladies viro-induites." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR3309.
Full textCosset, François-Loïc. "Tranfert de gènes par des vecteurs rétroviraux aviaires : élaboration de lignées cellulaires transcomplémentantes aviaires, mise au point d'un nouveau procédé de vaccination utilisation des vecteurs rétroviraux." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10102.
Full textPeterschmitt, Michel. "Identification sérologique et dynamique du maize streak virus dans le maïs et dans le vecteur Cicadulina mbila." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112077.
Full textVega, Rua Anubis. "Émergence du virus chikungunya en Amérique et en Europe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066197.pdf.
Full textChikungunya virus (CHIKV), transmitted mainly by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, is a major public health problem. Since 2004, CHIKV epidemics have been reported in Africa, Asia, the Indian Ocean Islands, and Europe. Only the Americas seemed spared despite high densities of mosquitoes and multiple introductions of the virus to the continent by travelers returning from countries where CHIKV was circulating. We have assessed the risk of CHIKV emergence in the Americas by evaluating the vector competence of 35 local populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus infected with different strains of CHIKV. These populations were shown to be susceptible to CHIKV infection, highlighting the predominant role of salivary glands as a "filter" of transmission. Genotyping of Ae. albopictus from the Americas using microsatellites allowed the identification of a genetic cluster of populations characterized by a low transmission of CHIKV strains of the East-Central-South-African genotype. In October 2013, Asian strains of CHIKV began circulating in the Caribbean. Thus, we evaluated the susceptibility of 11 populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to the Asian CHIKV genotype and showed that the two species were sufficiently competent to ensure dissemination of the virus throughout the continent. Furthermore, we showed that Ae. albopictus was likely to facilitate the spread of CHIKV to Europe. However, the vector competence of French Ae. albopictus to the Asian CHIKV genotype was negatively affected by temperatures lower than those usually found in tropical countries
Agüero, González Jesús. "Desarrollo de vectores virales basados en el virus del manchado foliar de los cítricos (CLBV)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/34342.
Full textAgüero González, J. (2013). Desarrollo de vectores virales basados en el virus del manchado foliar de los cítricos (CLBV) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34342
TESIS
Moriette, Coralie. "Le virus de la maladie du sommeil des Salmonidés : mise au point d'un ADNc infectieux et obtention d'anticorps monoclonaux." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112140.
Full textSleeping Disease Virus (SDV) has been characterised in our laboratory as being the first aquatic alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family. During this work, we pursue three objectives : (i) elaboration of an infectious cDNA, (ii) generation of a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against structural and non structural viral proteins, (iii) development of an RT-PCR diagnostic method. (i) The SDV genome is a positive single strand of RNA of approximately 12 kb which sequence is determined. It has been converted in a full length cDNA and cloned in an eukaryotic expression vector under the control of several different promoters : either the SP6 promoter (derived from SP6 phage), or the T7 promoter (derived from T7 phage), or the CMV promoter (early promoter of cytomegalovirus). First, replicons expressing a reporter gene (luciferase, GFP) instead of the structural genes have been constructed. Expression of these replicons has been tested through transfection of fish cells using either RNA transcribed from SP6 promoter, or plasmid DNA carrying CMV or T7 promoters. It was not possible to express SDV genome when it is directly fused to the promoter. In the CMV/T7 expression system, replacement of reporter gene by the structural genes allowed the recovery of infectious viral particles when cDNA was transfected into fish cells. The virulence of this recombinant virus has been studied in vivo on juvenile rainbow trouts. We show that this virus is greatly attenuated and induce a long lasting protection. Otherwise, this system has been tested for development of a gene vector : a second transcriptional unit coding to the GFP protein has been inserted either upstream, or downstream of the structural genes
Gaucheron, Jérôme. "Synthèse et évaluation de nouveaux lipides comme composants de vecteurs non-viraux pour le transfert de gènes." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5483.
Full textAltmeyer, Ralf. "Utilisation du mengo virus comme vecteur d'expression : applications au developpement de vaccins vivants." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077115.
Full textMiot, Elliott. "Potential of the mosquito Aedes malayensis as an arbovirus vector in South East Asia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS548.
Full textMany emerging arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) originated in sylvatic cycles and have emerged among humans through spillover transmission by mosquito species that ‘bridge’ sylvatic and human transmission cycles. These bridge vectors can also mediate ‘spillback’ transmission of arboviruses from humans into novel sylvatic cycles. This PhD focused on Aedes malayensis, a mosquito species widely distributed in South East Asia, to assess its potential as an arbovirus vector. We identified Ae. malayensis for the first time in Laos during mosquito surveys conducted in a forested area of the Nakai Nam Theun National Protected Area (NNT NPA). Using field-based human-baited traps, we found that Ae. malayensis engaged in human-biting behavior and therefore could act as bridge vector in the NNT NPA. In laboratory conditions, this sylvatic population of Ae. malayensis displayed a relatively low vector competence for DENV and YFV and a lack of detectable attraction to human odor. However, vector competence assays and a human-baited trap survey showed that a peridomestic Ae. malayensis population in Singapore was competent for YFV and engaged in contact with humans. Overall, this PhD work highlighted that ancillary vectors should not be overlooked to fully assess the risk of arbovirus emergence