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WADA, Tomotaka, Shinji NAKAI, Tetsuya MARUOKA, Haokun WANG, and Hiromi OKADA. "Mobile Terminal Substitution of Vehicular Collision Avoidance Support System (VCASS) for Non-VCASS Vehicles: S-VCASS." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E94-A, no. 1 (2011): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e94.a.410.
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Yu, Lei, Ya Zhou, Yihui Zhang, Wei Liu, Yongqiang Li, Mei Lu, Chaoyang Fan, Nan Shao, Li Yang, and Weidong Guo. "DNA methylation balance is involved in anthocyanin accumulation during Vaccinium corymbosum fruit ripening." Journal of Berry Research 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jbr-200553.
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BACKGROUND: DNA methylation balance is an important regulatory mechanism for mammalian and plant development. The fruit ripening and anthocyanin accumulation of Vaccinium corymbosum are complex developmental processes that involve numerous physiological, biochemical, and structural alterations. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of DNA methylation balance, DNA methylation and demethylation-related gene expression models and anthocyanin accumulation during blueberry fruit ripening. METHODS: The anthocyanin contents during V. corymbosum ‘O’Neal’ fruit development were evaluated. The V. corymbosum DNA methylation- and anthocyanin accumulation-related genes were isolated, and their relative expression patterns were detected during flower bud enlargement and fruit development. Moreover, the relative expression patterns of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and the dynamic changes in the DNA methylation of the promoter sequences of key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed that the DNA methylation level of V. corymbosum fruit was consistent with anthocyanin accumulation during ripening, and the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic and DNA methylation-related genes. CONCLUSIONS: During V. corymbosum fruit ripening, anthocyanin accumulation is regulated partially by DNA methylation balance of VcCHS and VcANS promoters.
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Ilkiw, JE, and CM Brandt. "VCARS – veterinary computerized anesthetic record system." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 32, no. 4 (July 2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00232a_6.x.
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Melstrom, Richard T. "A Note on the Petroleum Industry's Participation in Conservation Agreements for the Lesser Prairie Chicken." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 48, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2018.20.
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This paper examines the petroleum industry's willingness to participate in conservation agreements for the lesser prairie chicken, a candidate for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Voluntary conservation agreements with assurances (VCAAs) can incentivize habitat conservation and sustain economic development. Using data on oil and natural gas wells in Kansas and Oklahoma, I develop a discrete choice model to examine company preferences for locating wells and participating in VCAAs for the lesser prairie chicken. Participation in VCAAs is low, but I find participating wells are concentrated in areas with the most crucial habitat.
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Bérubé, Caterina, Theresa Schachner, Roman Keller, Elgar Fleisch, Florian v Wangenheim, Filipe Barata, and Tobias Kowatsch. "Voice-Based Conversational Agents for the Prevention and Management of Chronic and Mental Health Conditions: Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): e25933. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25933.
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Background Chronic and mental health conditions are increasingly prevalent worldwide. As devices in our everyday lives offer more and more voice-based self-service, voice-based conversational agents (VCAs) have the potential to support the prevention and management of these conditions in a scalable manner. However, evidence on VCAs dedicated to the prevention and management of chronic and mental health conditions is unclear. Objective This study provides a better understanding of the current methods used in the evaluation of health interventions for the prevention and management of chronic and mental health conditions delivered through VCAs. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We included primary research involving the prevention or management of chronic or mental health conditions through a VCA and reporting an empirical evaluation of the system either in terms of system accuracy, technology acceptance, or both. A total of 2 independent reviewers conducted the screening and data extraction, and agreement between them was measured using Cohen kappa. A narrative approach was used to synthesize the selected records. Results Of 7170 prescreened papers, 12 met the inclusion criteria. All studies were nonexperimental. The VCAs provided behavioral support (n=5), health monitoring services (n=3), or both (n=4). The interventions were delivered via smartphones (n=5), tablets (n=2), or smart speakers (n=3). In 2 cases, no device was specified. A total of 3 VCAs targeted cancer, whereas 2 VCAs targeted diabetes and heart failure. The other VCAs targeted hearing impairment, asthma, Parkinson disease, dementia, autism, intellectual disability, and depression. The majority of the studies (n=7) assessed technology acceptance, but only few studies (n=3) used validated instruments. Half of the studies (n=6) reported either performance measures on speech recognition or on the ability of VCAs to respond to health-related queries. Only a minority of the studies (n=2) reported behavioral measures or a measure of attitudes toward intervention-targeted health behavior. Moreover, only a minority of studies (n=4) reported controlling for participants’ previous experience with technology. Finally, risk bias varied markedly. Conclusions The heterogeneity in the methods, the limited number of studies identified, and the high risk of bias show that research on VCAs for chronic and mental health conditions is still in its infancy. Although the results of system accuracy and technology acceptance are encouraging, there is still a need to establish more conclusive evidence on the efficacy of VCAs for the prevention and management of chronic and mental health conditions, both in absolute terms and in comparison with standard health care.
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Rump, Adrian, Franziska N. Weiss, Louisa Schulz, Marie-Luise Kromrey, Eberhard Scheuch, Mladen V. Tzvetkov, Tyler White, et al. "The Effect of Capsule-in-Capsule Combinations on In Vivo Disintegration in Human Volunteers: A Combined Imaging and Salivary Tracer Study." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122002.
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Controlling the time point and site of the release of active ingredients within the gastrointestinal tract after administration of oral delivery systems is still a challenge. In this study, the effect of the combination of small capsules (size 3) and large capsules (size 00) on the disintegration site and time was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with a salivary tracer technique. As capsule shells, Vcaps® HPMC capsules, Vcaps® Plus HPMC capsules, gelatin and DRcaps® designed release capsules were used. The three HPMC-based capsules (Vcaps®, Vcaps® Plus and DRcaps® capsules) were tested as single capsules; furthermore, seven DUOCAP® capsule-in-capsule combinations were tested in a 10-way crossover open-label study in six healthy volunteers. The capsules contained iron oxide and hibiscus tea powder as tracers for visualization in MRI, and two different caffeine species (natural caffeine and 13C3) to follow caffeine release and absorption as measured by salivary levels. Results showed that the timing and location of disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract can be measured and differed when using different combinations of capsule shells. Increased variability among the six subjects was observed in most of the capsule combinations. The lowest variability in gastrointestinal localization of disintegration was observed for the DUOCAP® capsule-in-capsule configuration using a DRcaps® designed release capsule within a DRcaps® designed release outer capsule. In this combination, the inner DRcaps® designed release capsule always opened reliably after reaching the ileum. Thus, this combination enables targeted delivery to the distal small intestine. Among the single capsules tested, Vcaps® Plus HPMC capsules showed the fastest and most consistent disintegration.
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WADA, Tomotaka, Yuki NAKANISHI, Ryohta YAMAGUCHI, Kazushi FUJIMOTO, and Hiromi OKADA. "Pedestrian Oriented Vehicular Collision Avoidance Support System: P-VCASS." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E93-A, no. 4 (2010): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e93.a.679.
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Wada-Katsumata, Ayako, Ludek Zurek, Godfrey Nalyanya, Wendell L. Roelofs, Aijun Zhang, and Coby Schal. "Gut bacteria mediate aggregation in the German cockroach." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 51 (December 7, 2015): 15678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504031112.
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Aggregation of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is regulated by fecal aggregation agents (pheromones), including volatile carboxylic acids (VCAs). We demonstrate that the gut microbial community contributes to production of these semiochemicals. Chemical analysis of the fecal extract of B. germanica revealed 40 VCAs. Feces from axenic cockroaches (no microorganisms in the alimentary tract) lacked 12 major fecal VCAs, and 24 of the remaining compounds were represented at extremely low amounts. Olfactory and aggregation bioassays demonstrated that nymphs strongly preferred the extract of control feces over the fecal extract of axenic cockroaches. Additionally, nymphs preferred a synthetic blend of 6 fecal VCAs over a solvent control or a previously identified VCA blend. To test whether gut bacteria contribute to the production of fecal aggregation agents, fecal aerobic bacteria were cultured, isolated, and identified. Inoculation of axenic cockroaches with individual bacterial taxa significantly rescued the aggregation response to the fecal extract, and inoculation with a mix of six bacterial isolates was more effective than with single isolates. The results indicate that the commensal gut microbiota contributes to production of VCAs that act as fecal aggregation agents and that cockroaches discriminate among the complex odors that emanate from a diverse microbial community. Our results highlight the pivotal role of gut bacteria in mediating insect–insect communication. Moreover, because the gut microbial community reflects the local environment, local plasticity in fecal aggregation pheromones enables colony-specific odors and fidelity to persistent aggregation sites.
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Sureau, Solène, François Lohest, Joris Van Mol, Tom Bauler, and Wouter M. J. Achten. "How Do Chain Governance and Fair Trade Matter? A S-LCA Methodological Proposal Applied to Food Products from Belgian Alternative Chains (Part 2)." Resources 8, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8030145.
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Alternative food networks (AFNs) have emerged to improve both environmental and socio-economic aspects of food provisioning, including the living and working conditions of farmers. Their objectives are supposed to be mediated through the shortening of chains and/or the implication of alternative value chain actors (VCAs). Through the application of a social life cycle assessment methodological proposal on two products from three Belgian AFNs, we first verify how the AFNs meet sustainability promises. Second, we investigate how such social sustainability of the assessed products is influenced by the differentiated configurations of chain governance in the AFNs. Such a discussion of root causes of social sustainability performances in product chains have been investigated very little as of yet. Our results show that AFN perform well in some aspects (consumer aspects, work satisfaction, social ties between VCAs), but in some others, AFN chains use similar mechanisms as the ones used by mainstream chains (unbalanced market power, unfair prices, and low commitment between VCAs), with potentially detrimental effects on profitability and employment conditions for VCAs located upstream, i.e., farms. Our framework is useful to highlight social hotspots in product chains, and to discuss these across the differences in the configurations of the chain layout and—in the end—chain governance.
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Peterson, Joshua, Pablo Padilla, Kelsey Gray, Ramón Zapata-Sirvent, William Norbury, Ludwik Branski, and Peter Dziewulski. "109 Vascular Composite Allotransplantation in Burn Reconstruction: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S72—S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.112.
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Abstract Introduction The first vascular composite allotransplantation (VCA) was performed in 1998, with the first post-burn VCA in 2003. Since then, 21 burn patients have been recipients of VCAs. Controversy exists regarding safety of VCA in burn patients due to high levels of immunologic sensitization attributed to use of cadaver allograft. We seek to understand unique considerations of VCA in burn reconstruction and its relative safety compared to VCA in non-burn reconstruction. Methods A systematic review of VCA in burn reconstruction was conducted using the PubMed, Media and EBSCO database to retrieve all articles and news stories studying VCA from Jan. 2000 to May 2019. Only articles containing composite tissue allotransplantation, VCA, and reconstructive surgery were included. Articles that did not report outcomes or patient information were excluded. Reported cases were grouped according to injury and tissue (face vs. upper extremity) with mortality as a dependent variable. Statistical analysis was performed with the Fisher exact test. Results Of 63 articles obtained, 21 met criteria. After secondary review by the senior author, 6 more articles were included. To date, 147 VCAs are reported in 112 patients, including 40 face VCAs and 107 upper extremity VCAs. Of these, 30 (20%) were performed for post-burn deformities, and 117 (80%) for non-burn deformities. A total of 21 post-burn patients received VCAs with 4 subsequent deaths (19%). Post-burn recipients of upper extremity VCAs had significantly higher mortality than non-burn recipients of the same (p = 0.01), but there was no significant difference in face VCA mortality (p = 1.0) or overall mortality (p = 0.06) between groups. Conclusions VCA is a forefront procedure employed worldwide for reconstruction of devastating injuries. Presently, burn patients are at greater risk of mortality after upper extremity VCA, but not face VCA. Burn patients will benefit from focused investigation of unique post-burn risk factors of VCA mortality. Applicability of Research to Practice Disparities between post-burn and non-burn VCA outcomes suggest the presence of unique risk factors in burn patients. Investigation of unique risk factors will improve safety of VCA for burn patients.
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Richards, Nikisha Q., and Reginald K. Osardu. "The Ophthalmology Chief Resident: Does Surgical Volume Correlate With Likelihood of Selection?" Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 7 (January 2020): 238212052093077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120520930779.
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Purpose: Investigate whether number of logged Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) surgical cases correlates with likelihood of Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS) ophthalmology residents being selected as the chief resident. Design: Retrospective study. Participants: VCUHS ophthalmology residents from 2006 to 2016. Methods: Analyze association between chief resident selection and logged cases. Main outcome measures: Review number of archived logged ACGME surgical cases of all residents between the years 2006 and 2017. Review chief resident selected each year 2006-2016. Results: Our analysis correctly predicted the chief resident in 2 of the 10 years analyzed. Conclusion: Those residents performing the most surgical procedures in each respective class were not more likely to be selected as chief resident.
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Tuler, Seth P., Thomas Webler, and Jason L. Rhoades. "Stormwater Management in a Time of Climate Change: Insights from a Series of Scenario-Building Dialogues." Weather, Climate, and Society 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-15-0048.1.
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Abstract Numerous decision support tools have been developed to assist stormwater managers to understand future scenarios and devise management strategies. This paper presents one such tool, the Vulnerability, Consequences, and Adaptation Planning Scenarios (VCAPS) process, and reports on experiences from its deployment in 10 coastal communities on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. VCAPS helps to elucidate local complexities, couplings, and contextual nuance through dialogue among technical experts and those with detailed contextual knowledge of a community. Participants in the process develop qualitative scenarios of climate change impacts and how different management strategies may prevent or mitigate undesirable consequences. The scenarios help stormwater managers diagnose potential problems that may emerge from climate change and variability, which can then be subject to further detailed analysis. The authors describe five challenges faced by stormwater managers and how insights that emerge from scenario-based processes like VCAPS can help address them: characterizing the implications of interacting climate stressors that originate stormwater, bringing all available expertise and local knowledge to bear on the problem of stormwater management, integrating local and scientific information about coupled human–environment systems, identifying management actions and their trade-offs, and facilitating planning for sustained coordination among multiple public and private entities.
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Pendexter, Casie A., Omar Haque, Mohammadreza Mojoudi, Sarah Maggipinto, Marion Goutard, Simona Baicu, Alexandre G. Lellouch, et al. "Development of a rat forelimb vascularized composite allograft (VCA) perfusion protocol." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): e0266207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266207.
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Vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) refer to en bloc heterogenous tissue that is transplanted to restore form and function after amputation or tissue loss. Rat limb VCA has emerged as a robust translational model to study the pathophysiology of these transplants. However, these models have predominately focused on hindlimb VCAs which does not translate anatomically to upper extremity transplantation, whereas the majority of clinical VCAs are upper extremity and hand transplants. This work details our optimization of rat forelimb VCA procurement and sub-normothermic machine perfusion (SNMP) protocols, with results in comparison to hindlimb perfusion with the same perfusion modality. Results indicate that compared to hindlimbs, rat forelimbs on machine perfusion mandate lower flow rates and higher acceptable maximum pressures. Additionally, low-flow forelimbs have less cellular damage than high-flow forelimbs based on oxygen uptake, edema, potassium levels, and histology through 2 hours of machine perfusion. These results are expected to inform future upper extremity VCA preservation studies.
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Yang, Jerry Huanda, Ariel C. Johnson, Salih Colakoglu, Christene A. Huang, and David Woodbridge Mathes. "Clinical and preclinical tolerance protocols for vascularized composite allograft transplantation." Archives of Plastic Surgery 48, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2021.00927.
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The field of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) has undergone significant advancement in recent decades, and VCAs are increasingly common and accepted in the clinical setting, bringing hope of functional recovery to patients with debilitating injuries. A major obstacle facing the widespread application of VCAs is the side effect profile associated with the current immunosuppressive regimen, which can cause a wide array of complications such as infection, malignancy, and even death. Significant concerns remain regarding whether the treatment outweighs the risk. The potential solution to this dilemma would be achieving VCA tolerance, which would allow recipients to receive allografts without significant immunosuppression and its sequelae. Promising tolerance protocols are being studied in kidney transplantation; four major trials have attempted to withdraw immunosuppressive treatment with various successes. The common theme in all four trials is the use of radiation treatment and donor cell transplantation. The knowledge gained from these trials can provide valuable insight into the development of a VCA tolerance protocol. Despite similarities, VCAs present additional barriers compared to kidney allografts regarding tolerance induction. VCA donors are likely to be deceased, which limits the time for significant pre-conditioning. VCA donors are also more likely to be human leukocyte antigen–mismatched, which means that tolerance must be induced across major immunological barriers. This review also explores adjunct therapies studied in large animal models that could be the missing element in establishing a safe and stable tolerance induction method.
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Reboita, Michelle Simões, and José Augusto Paixão Veiga. "Análise Sinótica e Energética de um VCAN que Causou Chuva no Deserto do Atacama em Março de 2015." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 32, no. 1 (March 2017): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-778632120160019.
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Resumo Os Vórtices Ciclônicos de Altos Níveis (VCANs) subtropicais são sistemas de baixa pressão em médios e altos níveis da atmosfera, com centro frio e que se encontram segregados para o lado equatorial das correntes de jato. A divergência de massa no setor a jusante dos VCANs pode organizar os movimentos ascendentes na atmosfera e precipitação. Diante da contribuição dos VCANs para alterações no tempo e os poucos estudos desses sistemas na literatura, o presente trabalho descreve a evolução sinótica e energética de um VCAN que causou evento extremo chuvoso no deserto do Atacama, entre os dias 24 e 26 de março de 2015. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo foram utilizadas a reanálise NCEP/DOE, dados de precipitação do TRMM e informações do satélite GOES-13. Entre os resultados têm-se que a advecção horizontal de vorticidade relativa anticiclônica é importante para amplificar a crista que adentra o setor sudoeste/sul do cavado em 300 hPa fazendo com que o ar frio fique aprisionado em latitudes mais baixas, contribuindo para a formação do VCAN. A energética de Lorenz mostrou que o ambiente ao qual o VCAN estava inserido participou de forma importante no ciclo de vida do VCAN. Por exemplo, na fase de VCAN, os processos baroclínico, barotrópico e de fluxo na fronteira atuaram como fonte de energia cinética do distúrbio (KE).
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Chi, Hengxuan, and Karl R. Englund. "Interfacial properties of magnesium phosphate ceramics and sugar maple (Acer saccharum)." Holzforschung 68, no. 5 (July 1, 2014): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2013-0113.
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Abstract The interfacial shear strength (τi) between magnesium phosphate ceramics (MPC) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) has been evaluated by means of a pullout test method. The binder system monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and magnesium oxide (MgO) resulted in the highest τi at a MKP/MgO ratio of 3:1. The influence of the levels of MPC binder and aggregates on the interfacial properties has been observed based on a mixture design model. The aggregates were Portland cement (PC), wollastonite (WO), and vitrified calcium aluminosilicates (VCAS). The MPC binder level was the primary factor influencing τi, while WO and VCAS can mutually promote τi. However, τi is decreased when PC is mixed with the two other aggregates. The environmental durability of VCAS-based MPC (V-MPC), PC-based MPC (C-MPC), and WO-based MPC (W-MPC) was assessed by treatments at conditioning (90% relative humidity) and water immersion. The V-MPC/maple has very poor moisture performance, while the C-MPC/maple and W-MPC/maple had reduced interfacial shear stresses but still maintained bond integrity unlike the V-MPC.
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Huang, Wei-Chao, Jeng-Yee Lin, Christopher Glenn Wallace, Fu-Chan Wei, and Shuen-Kuei Liao. "Improving the Safety of Tolerance Induction: Chimerism and Cellular Co-Treatment Strategies Applied to Vascularized Composite Allografts." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/107901.
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Although vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) have been performed clinically for a variety of indications, potential complications from long-term immunosuppression and graft-versus-host disease remain important barriers to widespread applications. Recently it has been demonstrated that VCAs incorporating a vascularized long bone in a rat model provide concurrent vascularized bone marrow transplantation that, itself, functions to establish hematopoietic chimerism and donor-specific tolerance following non-myeloablative conditioning of recipients. Advances such as this, which aim to improve the safety profile of tolerance induction, will help usher in an era of wider clinical VCA application for nonlife-saving reconstructions.
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Brophy, Donald F., Elizabeth BD Ripley, Denise R. Kockler, Seina Lee, and Lori A. Proeschel. "Darbepoetin Alfa Therapeutic Interchange Protocol for Anemia in Dialysis." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39, no. 11 (November 2005): 1808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1g329.
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BACKGROUND Erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins, such as erythropoietin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, have positively impacted anemia management. These medications improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Their costs, however, remain a major barrier for health systems. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the development, implementation, and cost-effectiveness of an inpatient therapeutic interchange protocol for erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins at a large, tertiary care, university-affiliated health system. METHODS Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS) developed and implemented a therapeutic interchange program to convert therapy for all inpatients undergoing dialysis from erythropoietin alfa to darbepoetin alfa for treatment of chronic kidney disease–related anemia. An evaluation of the economic impact of this program on drug expenditures over a fiscal quarter (2003) was conducted using historical comparator data (2002). RESULTS Preliminary evaluation of the program demonstrated cost-savings and reduced drug utilization of erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins in hospitalized dialysis patients. For the first quarter of 2003 compared with the first quarter of 2002, VCUHS realized a cost-savings of nearly $10 000, which was related to the program's aggressive screening procedure. When these data were normalized for equal numbers of patients in each group receiving one of the drugs, the actual cost-savings was over $2000. These cost-savings are largely due to reduced utilization of these expensive biotechnology products with implementation of a dosing protocol. CONCLUSIONS VCUHS has successfully developed and implemented a darbepoetin alfa therapeutic interchange protocol for hospitalized dialysis patients. This has translated into reduced use of erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins, resulting in cost-savings for the health system.
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Tashima, M. M., L. Soriano, J. Payá, J. Monzó, and M. V. Borrachero. "Assessment of pozzolanic/hydraulic reactivity of vitreous calcium aluminosilicate (VCAS)." Materials & Design 96 (April 2016): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.036.
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Kodali, Naga Anvesh, Ramu Janarthanan, Bedreddin Sazoglu, Zeynep Demir, Omer Dirican, Fatih Zor, Yalcin Kulahci, and Vijay S. Gorantla. "A World Update of Progress in Lower Extremity Transplantation." Annals of Plastic Surgery 93, no. 1 (July 2024): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000004035.
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Abstract The field of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is the new frontier of solid organ transplantation (SOT). VCA spans life-enhancing/life-changing procedures such as upper extremity, craniofacial (including eye), laryngeal, tracheal, abdominal wall, penis, and lower extremity transplants. VCAs such as uterus transplants are life giving unlike any other SOT. Of all VCAs that have shown successful intermediate- to long-term graft survival with functional and immunologic outcomes, lower extremity VCAs have remained largely underexplored. Lower extremity transplantation (LET) can offer patients with improved function compared to the use of conventional prostheses, reducing concerns of phantom limb pain and stump complications, and offer an option for eligible amputees that either fail prosthetic rehabilitation or do not adapt to prosthetics. Nevertheless, these benefits must be carefully weighed against the risks of VCA, which are not trivial, including the adverse effects of lifelong immunosuppression, extremely challenging perioperative care, and delayed nerve regeneration. There have been 5 lower extremity transplants to date, ranging from unilateral or bilateral to quadrimembral, progressively increasing in risk that resulted in fatalities in 3 of the 5 cases, emphasizing the inherent risks. The advantages of LET over prosthetics must be carefully weighed, demanding rigorous candidate selection for optimal outcomes.
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Wada, Tomotaka, and Ruka Ohtani. "Performance of P-VCASS using a warning area based on pedestrian behavior." IEICE Communications Express 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/comex.2021xbl0058.
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Coutinho, Michelyne Duarte Leal, Manoel Alonso Gan, and Vadlamudi Brahmananda Rao. "Método objetivo de identificação dos vórtices ciclônicos de altos níveis na região Tropical Sul: validação." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 25, no. 3 (September 2010): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-77862010000300003.
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Neste estudo foi desenvolvido um Método Objetivo (MO) para identificar Vórtices Ciclônicos de Altos Níveis (VCANs) na região Tropical Sul, baseado na vorticidade relativa e no escoamento horizontal do vento ao redor do centro dos sistemas. O MO foi elaborado usando dados de reanálises do National Centers for Environmental Prediction - National Centers for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) e validado, para o período de cinco anos (2002 a 2006), através da comparação entre os resultados obtidos pelo MO e os obtidos pela Análise dos Campos (AC) de vento e vorticidade relativa. Por outro lado, uma avaliação da AC em identificar os VCANs foi feita, para o mesmo período, através da comparação entre os resultados desta e os obtidos usando Imagem de Satélite (IS) no canal espectral do vapor d'água. As AC apresentaram resultados satisfatórios e, portanto, o conjunto dos dados de reanálises do NCEP-NCAR foi aplicado ao MO. Foi observado um bom desempenho do MO em identificar os sistemas, bem como algumas características associadas, tais como: número de ocorrência, número de dias com atuação, posicionamento, direção de deslocamento e região de formação.
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Wei, Yulu, and Zhiwen Chen. "Development of VCHs Transfer Mechanism and Remediation Technology in Contaminated Sites." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1549 (June 2020): 022080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1549/2/022080.
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Yang†, Yucheng, Jack West†, George K. Thiruvathukal, Neil Klingensmith, and Kassem Fawaz. "Are You Really Muted?: A Privacy Analysis of Mute Buttons in Video Conferencing Apps." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2022, no. 3 (July 2022): 373–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0077.
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Video conferencing apps (VCAs) make it possible for previously private spaces — bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchens — into semi-public extensions of the office. For the most part, users have accepted these apps in their personal space without much thought about the permission models that govern the use of their private data during meetings. While access to a device’s video camera is carefully controlled, little has been done to ensure the same level of privacy for accessing the microphone. In this work, we ask the question: what happens to the microphone data when a user clicks the mute button in a VCA? We first conduct a user study to analyze users’ understanding of the permission model of the mute button. Then, using runtime binary analysis tools, we trace raw audio flow in many popular VCAs as it traverses the app from the audio driver to the network. We find fragmented policies for dealing with microphone data among VCAs — some continuously monitor the microphone input during mute, and others do so periodically. One app transmits statistics of the audio to its telemetry servers while the app is muted. Using network traffic that we intercept en route to the telemetry server, we implement a proof-of-concept background activity classifier and demonstrate the feasibility of inferring the ongoing background activity during a meeting — cooking, cleaning, typing, etc. We achieved 81.9% macro accuracy on identifying six common background activities using intercepted outgoing telemetry packets when a user is muted.
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Taleb, Sirine, Hazem Hajj, and Zaher Dawy. "VCAMS: Viterbi-Based Context Aware Mobile Sensing to Trade-Off Energy and Delay." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2017.2706687.
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UEKI, J. "Vehicular-Collision Avoidance Support System (VCASS) by Inter-Vehicle Communications for Advanced ITS." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E88-A, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e88-a.7.1816.
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Gama, Amon-Ra, Zhi Yang Ng, Kumaran Shanmugarajah, Melissa Mastroianni, Mark A. Randolph, Alexandre G. Lellouch, Joachim Kohn, and Curtis L. Cetrulo. "Local Immunosuppression for Vascularized Composite Allografts: Application of Topical FK506-TyroSpheres in a Nonhuman Primate Model." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, no. 6 (April 30, 2020): 1172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa062.
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Abstract Transplantation of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) provides a means of restoring complex anatomical and functional units following burns and other disfigurement otherwise not amenable to conventional autologous reconstructive surgery. While short- to intermediate-term VCA survival is largely dependent on patient compliance with medication, the myriad of side effects resulting from lifelong systemic immunosuppression continue to pose a significant challenge. Topical immunosuppression is therefore a logical and attractive alternative for VCA. Current formulations are limited though, by poor skin penetration but this may be mitigated by conjugation of immunosuppressive drugs to TyroSpheres for enhanced delivery. Therefore, we investigated the topical application of FK506-TyroSpheres (in the form of a gel dressing) in a clinically relevant nonhuman primate VCA model to determine if allograft survival could be prolonged at reduced levels of maintenance systemic immunosuppression. Six Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-mismatched cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) served as reciprocal donors and recipients of radial forearm fasciocutaneous flaps. Standard Bacitracin ointment and FK506-TyroSpheres were applied every other day to the VCAs of animals in groups 1 (controls, n = 2) and 2 (experimental, n = 4), respectively, before gradual taper of systemic FK506. Clinical features of VCA rejection still developed when systemic FK506 fell below 10 ng/ml despite application of FK506-TyroSpheres and prolonged VCA survival was not achieved. However, unwanted systemic FK506 absorption was avoided with TyroSphere technology. Further refinement to optimize local drug delivery profiles to achieve and maintain therapeutic delivery of FK506 with TyroSpheres is underway, leveraging significant experience in controlled drug delivery to mitigate acute rejection of VCAs.
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Pastras, Christopher J., and Ian S. Curthoys. "Vestibular Testing—New Physiological Results for the Optimization of Clinical VEMP Stimuli." Audiology Research 13, no. 6 (November 9, 2023): 910–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/audiolres13060079.
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Both auditory and vestibular primary afferent neurons can be activated by sound and vibration. This review relates the differences between them to the different receptor/synaptic mechanisms of the two systems, as shown by indicators of peripheral function—cochlear and vestibular compound action potentials (cCAPs and vCAPs)—to click stimulation as recorded in animal studies. Sound- and vibration-sensitive type 1 receptors at the striola of the utricular macula are enveloped by the unique calyx afferent ending, which has three modes of synaptic transmission. Glutamate is the transmitter for both cochlear and vestibular primary afferents; however, blocking glutamate transmission has very little effect on vCAPs but greatly reduces cCAPs. We suggest that the ultrafast non-quantal synaptic mechanism called resistive coupling is the cause of the short latency vestibular afferent responses and related results—failure of transmitter blockade, masking, and temporal precision. This “ultrafast” non-quantal transmission is effectively electrical coupling that is dependent on the membrane potentials of the calyx and the type 1 receptor. The major clinical implication is that decreasing stimulus rise time increases vCAP response, corresponding to the increased VEMP response in human subjects. Short rise times are optimal in human clinical VEMP testing, whereas long rise times are mandatory for audiometric threshold testing.
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NEERUNJUN, Henna Helvina. "Constructing a Composite Disaster Resilience Index towards Natural Disasters in Mauritius." International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 10, no. 3 (September 2, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1152822.
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Mauritius is a Small Island Developing State (SIDS) which faces regular environmental hazards due to its geographical location. Building disaster-resilient communities has become the goal of many disaster risk reduction (DRR) frameworks. This study aimed at quantifying the resilience of the population of Mauritius towards natural disasters using statistics drawn from secondary sources of data. A Composite Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI), which ranged from 0 to 100, was established. Four indicators and sixteen sub-indicators which reflected domains of resilience in terms of community capacity, economic, built-up environment and social, were used to develop the CDRI. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the CDRI across 144 administrative areas, which included 124 Village Council Areas (VCAs) and 20 Municipal Council Wards (MCWs), for a visual representation. Resilience indices were classified into least and most resilient. Results showed a spatial variation in resilience levels towards natural disasters across the administrative areas. Nearly fifty percent of the eleven most resilient communities were found in urban areas (MCWs). Twelve administrative areas were the least resilient towards natural disasters and emerged from rural (VCAs) and marginalised areas only. Coastal villages of Grand Sable, Quatre-Soeurs, Bambous-Virieux, Le Morne and Case Noyale formed a cluster of least resilient communities along the East coast. A t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in resilience levels between urban and rural regions at p < 0.05. Results suggested that infrastructure and the social capacity building were likely to be less developed in rural areas than in urban areas. Findings also demonstrated that most VCAs and MCWs performed less well in community resilience when compared to the rest of the dimensions of resilience. Results provided evidence with potential to help decision-makers in the allocation of resources to improve resilience in Mauritius.
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Garrido, Christian, Alexander Aguila Téllez, and Leony Ortiz. "Linear Voltage Stability Indicator (LVSI) for Optimal Placement of SVC Devices to Improve the Voltage Stability Margin in Transmission Systems." Electronics 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010043.
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This study presents a procedure for placing static var compensators (SVC) in an EPS using the fuzzy c-means clustering technique. For this purpose, the optimal power flow (OPF) is initially quantified to obtain the sensitivity array of the system based on the Jacobian of the system. Then, the attenuation and electrical distance matrices are estimated. Subsequently, the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is used with the initially estimated cluster identification criterion to obtain the voltage control areas (VCAs). On the other hand, the criterion of minimizing the installation costs of the SVCs is used in conjunction with the linear voltage stability index (LVSI) for the ideal arrangement of the compensators. This is applied to each VCA created. The technique described is applied to the 14-node and 30-node schemes to check their effectiveness. Additionally, the results obtained are compared with the Power Factory software and with similar studies. Finally, the proposed technique proves to be effective for the creation of VCAs and for the optimal placement of SVC equipment.
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Yang, Carina W., James C. Carr, Christopher J. Francois, Steven M. Shea, Vibhas S. Deshpande, Sheridan N. Meyers, Nirat Beohar, J. Paul Finn, and Debiao Li. "Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography Using Magnetization-Prepared Contrast-Enhanced Breath-Hold Volume-Targeted Imaging (MPCE-VCATS)." Investigative Radiology 41, no. 8 (August 2006): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.rli.0000226030.12061.b1.
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Tian, Zhihong, Xiangsong Gao, Shen Su, and Jing Qiu. "Vcash: A Novel Reputation Framework for Identifying Denial of Traffic Service in Internet of Connected Vehicles." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7, no. 5 (May 2020): 3901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2951620.
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Qin, Xuejing, Jing Hu, Guohui Xu, Huifang Song, Lingyun Zhang, and Yibo Cao. "An Efficient Transformation System for Fast Production of VcCHS Transgenic Blueberry Callus and Its Expressional Analysis." Plants 12, no. 16 (August 9, 2023): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12162905.
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The Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation for blueberries remains less efficient than is desirable. A new leaf callus regeneration and genetic transformation system was investigated in blueberries in this study. The leaf explants of cv. ‘Legacy’ and ‘Northland’ were used to establish the stable callus induction system when placed on the woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 2, 4-D, 0.4 mg·L−1 6-BA for 30 d; then, the callus was sub-cultured in the proliferation medium supplemented with 1.5 mg·L−1 2, 4-D, 0.4 mg·L−1 6-BA in the darkness at 25 °C every 30 days. The co-cultivation of callus with A. tumefaciens was operated on WPM plus 100 μM acetosyringone for 4 days; then, the transferred callus was grown in WPM supplemented with 1.5 mg·L−1 2,4-D, 0.4 mg·L−1 6-BA, 50 mg·L−1 hygromycin, and 200 mg·L−1 cefotaxime. The VcCHS transgenic blueberry callus with both GFP signal and Hyg resistance was obtained from the transformed callus of cv. ‘Northland’. The rate of GFP signal detected in the transformed callus was as high as 49.02%, which was consistent with the PCR assay. Collectively, this study provides a highly efficient genetic transformation system in blueberry callus and a powerful approach for the molecular breeding of blueberries.
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Tanaka, Hideaki, Yoichi Utsunomiya, and Takashi Okuda. "Performance Evaluation of VCHS Queuing Model with Smarter Servers for Teaching Academic Study Skills." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 135, no. 12 (2015): 1453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.135.1453.
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Siemionow, Maria, and Aleksandra Klimczak. "Chimerism-Based Experimental Models for Tolerance Induction in Vascularized Composite Allografts: Cleveland Clinic Research Experience." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/831410.
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The preclinical experimental models of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) have been rapidly developed for the assessment of immunomodulatory protocols for clinical application. Recently, researchers have focused on immunomodulatory protocols which overcome the immunologic barrier between the allogeneic donor and recipient and may lead to tolerance induction. In order to test the feasibility of chimerism induction, experimental VCAs have been performed in different models including rodents, large animals, and nonhuman primates. These models differ in the complexity of transplanted tissue and in their responses to immunomodulatory protocols. In most applications, VCA contains multiple-tissue components; however, each individual component of CTA possesses unique immunologic characteristics that ultimately contribute to the chimerism induction and successful outcome of the VCA. Heterogenic character and complexity of tissue components in different VCA models determine the quality and robustness of donor-specific chimerism. As introduced in experimental studies, variable immunomodulatory options have been studied to achieve tolerance to VCA in rodents and large animal models allowing for widespread application in clinic. In this paper, based on our own experience, we have analyzed the current knowledge of tolerance-inducing strategies via chimerism induction in VCA experimental models in the context of immunomodulatory protocols and VCA complexity and their relevance and applicability to clinical practice.
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Jonczyk, Michael, Ilse M. Schol, Philipp Tratnig-Frankl, Alexandre G. Lellouch, Dicken S. C. Ko, and Curtis L. Cetrulo. "3281 Management of Acute Rejection in Penile Allotransplantation." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.38.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Objective: To summarize the diagnosis and management of two acute rejection (AR) episodes in the first penis transplant patient in the U.S. Background: Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has been utilized for state-of-the-art reconstruction of devastating craniofacial defects, limb loss, and recently, severe genitourinary defects. To date, more than 200 VCA’s have been performed, of which four successful penis transplants have been achieved worldwide (Two in the U.S.). However, despite the technical success of VCAs in general, acute rejection episodes remain a significant postoperative management problem, with 80-85% experiencing at least one episode in the first-year post-transplantation. The incorporation of skin in VCAs, which is highly immunogenic, allows early visible recognition of rejection but requires prompt management to prevent allograft failure as well as the progression of chronic rejection, which has been associated with the frequency of acute rejection episodes in preclinical models. We present the first report of acute rejection in a penile allograft. AR episodes in VCA typically manifest with erythema of the allograft skin and/or maculopapular lesions that can be either patchy, focal or diffuse. Histopathologic assessment is essential for diagnosis and management. The Banff classification of histopathologic criteria for degree of AR is most commonly utilized to direct clinical management. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We reviewed the clinical course of the first American patient who underwent penis transplantation at Massachusetts General Hospital in 2016. Postoperatively, routine clinical and chemical assessment (immunosuppression levels, routine blood work) was performed, with increased frequency during AR episodes. Skin punch biopsies were obtained during (suspected) AR episodes, analyzed and graded according to the Banff 2007 classification of rejection of skin-containing composite allografts. Histopathologic tissue assessment included CD3, C4d, CD4/8, CD20 FOXP3 and cellular infiltration (hyper keratinization, lymphocytic infiltrate, dermal erosion, macrophage, eosinophilia, T-cell infiltration) and epidermal or perivascular fibrosis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The patient is a 65-year-old male with history of penile carcinoma requiring subtotal penectomy in 2012. He is currently 30-months post penile transplantation (as of 11/15/2018). First Rejection Episode: At 28 days post-transplantation, the patient noted induration, swelling and erythema of the allograft, which was diagnosed as AR clinically (Image 1A). Biopsy showed a Banff Grade III AR, with focal keratinocyte apoptosis with lymphocytic infiltration in epidermis and arteriolar endothelialitis with perivascular inflammation. Initially this episode was treated for 2 days with 2 pulse doses of methylprednisolone (500mg/d IV) with clinical improvement. However, recurrent allograft erythema was observed on postoperative day 32 and an acute rejection grade III according the Banff classification was confirmed by a second biopsy that demonstrated epidermal perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, spongiosis and dyskeratosis, deep dermis focal lymphocytic infiltrates and focal infiltrates in arterioles as well as endothelialitis in venules. Donor specific antibodies and C4d were negative. CD3+ T cells were present in the epidermis and perivascular space. This was treated with anti-thymocyte globulin (thymoglobulin) course for 4 days (1.5mg/kg/day IV) and 3 more pulse doses of methylprednisolone (500mg/d IV.), followed by a prednisone (250mg/d) taper to baseline. This resulted in complete resolution of AR. Second Rejection Episode: At 10.8 months post VCA the patient presented with penile erythema and scrotal swelling suggestive of AR and received three doses of methylprednisolone (day 1: 500mg/d IV, day 2: 1000mg/d IV and day 3: 500mg/d IV respectively) followed by increased baseline prednisone (10mg PO daily; increased dose compared to previous AR episode). A skin biopsy confirmed Banff Grade III AR. Compared to the previous biopsy, this biopsy demonstrated an increased density of lymphocytic inflammation of the dermis with endarteritis. Prominent involvement of epidermis and adnexal structures corresponding to acute T-cell mediated rejection was also observed (Figure 1). Donor specific antibodies and C4d were again negative. Three doses of ATG (1.5mg/kg/day IV) were administered. In addition, tacrolimus was increased and local tacrolimus (1% ointment) treatment was begun. Clinical signs of rejection improved and repeat biopsy showed dramatic histopathological improvement. Current maintenance immunosuppressive regimen consists of tacrolimus, sirolimus, prednisone, mycophenolic mofetil acid (MMF), rapamycin, and tacrolimus ointment, with no new clinical or histopathological signs of rejection (Image 1B). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We report the first described case of acute T-cell mediated rejection in penile transplantation. These rejection episodes demonstrated that, even on stringent immunosuppressive regimens, severe acute rejection episodes in VCA may still occur. Edema and acute induration preceded the development of erythema in our cases, representing a harbinger for the more severe grade of rejection that eventually developed. Our experience was consistent with other VCAs in that donor specific antibodies did not develop, despite a severe Banff Grade. Consistent use of topical calcineurin inhibitor based immunosuppression on the allograft skin may be helpful in warding off future episodes, as our patient has been rejection free now for 18 months. To date, no histologic signs of chronic rejection were present on 2-year protocol surveillance biopsy. We have added rapamycin to the current drug regimen, with concurrent reduction of tacrolimus dosing for renal protection, which has been demonstrated in cardiac transplantation to deter the intimal hyperplasia/vasculopathy associated with chronic rejection.
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Pinheiro, José Ueliton, Josemir Araújo Neves, Rosane Rodrigues Chaves, David Mendes, and Naurinete Costa Barreto. "Avaliação de Modelos do CMIP5 que Melhor Expressam a Atuação dos Vórtices Ciclônicos em Altos Níveis (VCANS) no Nordeste Brasileiro (NEB) (Evaluation of the CMIP5 Models that Express the Best Performance of Vortice in High Levels (VCANS) in Northeast...)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 7, no. 5 (January 27, 2015): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v7.5.p891-904.
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A pesquisa estudou a saída de modelos de mudanças climáticas que melhor expressam a atuação dos Vórtices Ciclônicos em Altos Níveis (VCANs) no Nordeste Brasileiro (NEB). Os VCANs foram quantificados pela sua ocorrência diária durante 5 anos (1995-1999), no período de outubro a março. O objeto de estudo foram 13 modelos do CMIP5/IPCC/AR5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5/Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change/Fifth Assessment Report), comparados com os resultados do NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research), por meio de métodos estatísticos para escolha do modelo que melhor indica a presença dos VCANs no NEB. A primeira análise comparativa foi feita através das correlações de Pearson, Kendall e Spearman, Raiz quadrada do erro quadrático médio, Raiz quadrada do erro quadrático médio normalizada e os índices de Eficiência e desempenho, Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE), Kling-Gupta (KGE) e o Índice de Concordância de Willmott (d). Em seguida foram selecionados os modelos de melhor desempenho e com significância estatística para uma análise posterior de acertos e erros através dos índices: Índice de Proporção Correta (PC), Índice de Sucesso Crítico (ISC), Probabilidade de Detecção (POD), Taxa de alarme Falso (TAF) e Taxa de Tendência (VIÉS). Para os testes estatísticos aplicados na primeira avaliação realizada o modelo MIROC4h foi o que apresentou os melhores índices seguido pelo MIROC-ESM e inmCM4, respectivamente. Além destes, ainda apresentaram correlação estatística significante o MPI-ESM-LR,o MRI-CGCM3 e o CSIRO-MK3-6-0. A segunda análise também apresentou o MIROC4h com os melhores valores de PC, ISC e POD, excetuando-se o VIÉS que apresentou o segundo melhor resultado e o TAF com o pior resultado em relação aos outros 5 modelos. Dessa forma o MIROC4h apresentou-se como o mais indicado entre os modelos do CMIP5 para estudos de cenários presentes e futuros de VCANs no NEB. A B S T R A C T The research studied the output of climate change models that best express the actions of Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortices (UTCV) in high levels in the Northeast Brazil (NEB). The UTCV were quantified by a daily occurrence for 5 years (1995-1999) in the period from October to March. The object of the study were 13 models from CMIP5/IPCC/AR5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 / Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / Fifth Assessment Report ), compared with results from the NCEP / NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction / National Center for Atmospheric Research) by means of statistical methods for choosing the model which best indicates the presence of UTCV in the NEB. The first comparative analysis was performed using the Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlations, mean square error, normalized mean square error and efficiency and performance indices, Nash-Sutcliff (NSE), Kling-Gupta (KGE) and Index of Agreement of the Willmott (d). Then models with better performance and statistical significance for further analysis of successes and mistakes through the indices were selected: Index Proportion Correct (PC), Critical Success Index (CSI), Probability of Detection (POD), False Alarm Rate (FAR) and Trend Rate (BIAS). For the statistical analyzes used in the first test performed MIROC4h model showed the best rates followed by MIROC-ESM and inmCM4 respectively. In addition, further significant statistical correlation MPI-ESM-LR, MRI-CGCM3 and CSIRO-MK3-6-0. The second analysis also showed the MIROC4h with the best values of PC, CSI and POD, except the BIAS that had the second best result and the FAR with the worst result in relation to the other five models considered in this phase. Thus the MIROC4h introduced himself as the most suitable model of the CMIP5 for studies of the present and future scenarios of UTCV in the NEB
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Giehl, Markus, Lukas T. Hiller, and Cornelius Neumann. "Manufacturing of volume holographic cell arrays for usage with uncollimated LEDs in automotive applications." Advanced Optical Technologies 9, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2020-0037.
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AbstractHolograms have found their use as optical elements in a variety of applications. Yet using them with incoherent and divergent lightsources like LEDs proves difficult, as their characteristics need to be simulated by lasers during manufacturing to get a correct reconstruction of the desired light distribution. We present a new setup to allow for a high flexibility during the manufacturing process, which is able to produce volume holographic cell arrays (VCAs) that can be illuminated directly with uncollimated LEDs. Results are presented for the case of reflection holograms.
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Sun, Zhuo, Guoquan Zang, ZongShui Wang, Hong Zhao, and Wei Liu. "VCAs as partners or servants? The effects of information sensitivity and anthropomorphism roles on privacy concerns." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 192 (July 2023): 122560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122560.
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Willard, Patrick J., Temmy Olasehinde, Naji Bou Zeid, Edem Defor, Victor Yazbeck, and Dipankar Bandyopadhyay. "Abstract 446: Outcome of cancer patients with COVID-19: the VCU experience." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-446.
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Abstract Purpose: COVID-19 has deeply impacted the care and prognosis of those with preexisting acute and chronic conditions including cancer. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors contributing to death from COVID-19 infection in the cancer population at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS). Materials and Methods: 507 patients were evaluated that had a diagnosis of any solid or hematologic malignancy and admitted to the inpatient service at VCUHS while having a COVID-19 PCR positive test between February 2020 and June 2021. Patient characteristics as well as comorbidities, transplant status, ventilator dependence, intensive care admission, and malignancy type were recorded. Death was recorded as being due to COVID-19 or COVID-19 complications. Logistic regression model was used to determine odds ratio (OR) of death from COVID 19. Results were listed with respective OR both unadjusted and adjusted for age, race, sex, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities including diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results: Of the 507 patients, 37 experienced death (7.3%). Only 40 patients required ICU admission (7.9%) and 24 required ventilator support (4.7%). Increased age per 5-year increments was associated with increased risk of death in adjusted and unadjusted analysis (OR 1.30 (1.06,1.63) and 1.26 (1.10,1.46)). There was no significant risk of death in either adjusted or unadjusted analysis between Caucasian, African American, Asian or unspecified races. When not adjusted, COPD (OR 2.56, 1.28-5.11), CAD (OR 2.69, 1.36-5.32), and CKD (OR 2.14, 1.09-4.21) were all shown to have significant risk of death. However, when adjusted, there were no significant difference in odds ratio between patients with diabetes, CAD, COPD, and CKD. When adjusted, malignancies of central nervous system (CNS) (OR 70.30, 2.18-1520.3), hematologic (OR 4.79, 1.05-30.77), and head and neck (OR 11.64, 1.58-100.01) were at increased risk of death; while female associated malignancies, genitourinary (GU), lung, connective tissue, and those with multiple primary malignancies did not have significant risk. Ventilatory dependence did increase mortality risk (OR 50.54, 7.62,459.7), while transplant status and intensive care unit admission did not. Conclusions: Based on the results from this study, there is an increased risk of death from COVID-19 infections in several variables in the cancer population at VCUHS. Age, ventilator dependence, CNS, hematologic, and head and neck malignancies were all associated with increased mortality. Further evaluation will include the 13 other patients in which data was not yet available. Other variables that will be evaluated are COVID treatments, vaccination status, antibody formation, cancer treatment modality used within 30 days of COVID diagnosis, and lab values including cell counts and inflammatory markers. Citation Format: Patrick J. Willard, Temmy Olasehinde, Naji Bou Zeid, Edem Defor, Victor Yazbeck, Dipankar Bandyopadhyay. Outcome of cancer patients with COVID-19: the VCU experience [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 446.
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Leaman, Daniel P., Heather Kinkead, and Michael B. Zwick. "In-Solution Virus Capture Assay Helps Deconstruct Heterogeneous Antibody Recognition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1." Journal of Virology 84, no. 7 (January 20, 2010): 3382–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02363-09.
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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) on whole virions is heterogeneous, so molecular analysis of Env with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is challenging. Virus capture assays (VCAs) involving immobilized MAbs are typically used, but these assays suffer from immobilization artifacts and do not provide binding constants. Furthermore, we show here that certain HIV-1 neutralizing MAbs, including 2G12, 4E10, 2F5, Z13e1, and D5, will capture virion particles completely devoid of Env. We modified the VCA such that MAbs and virions are incubated in solution, and unbound MAbs are removed prior to the capture step. This modification nearly eliminated evidence of Env-independent binding by MAbs to virions and allowed determination of apparent affinity constants in solution. Three important qualitative observations were further revealed. First, neutralizing MAbs 2F5, 4E10, and Z13e1 against the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41 were found to capture virions efficiently only if a significant amount of uncleaved gp160 or synthetic MPER peptide was present. Second, we show how non-native forms of Env vary by Env genotype and that Env from HIV-1JR-FL is more homogeneously trimeric than that from HIV-1JR-CSF. Third, we determined that Env containing all or parts of gp41, including uncleaved gp160, binds spontaneously to free virions. This exogenous Env is an indiscriminate molecular “bridge” between Env-specific Ab and virions and can affect VCA analyses, particularly using pseudotyped virions. Heterogeneity in Env from endogenous and exogenous sources might also subvert humoral immunity to HIV-1, so in-solution VCAs may help to dissect this heterogeneity for vaccine design purposes.
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Li, Yujiao, Yuejie Zhu, Tong Sha, Zhiqiang Chen, Mingkai Yu, Fengbo Zhang, and Jianbing Ding. "A Multi-Epitope Chitosan Nanoparticles Vaccine of Canine Against Echinococcus granulosus." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3065.
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Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg), which endangers the health of the intermediate host. Therefore, effective canid vaccines against Eg infection are urgently needed to reduce the incidence of this disease. In the present work, the aim was to predict epitopes in four vaccine candidate antigens (VCAs) in Eg as a basis to design a multi-epitope canine-directed vaccine. This vaccine is based on chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) and is directed against Eg infection in the definitive host. The canine-directed vaccine was designed based on Eg antigens EgM9, Eg_10196, EgA31 and EgG1Y162. Several tools in online servers were used to predict VCAs information, which was combined with B cell, CTL and Th epitopes. Considering that acquiring experimental information in canids is difficult, and that it may be possible to perform future experiments in mice, we predicted both canine and murine T cell epitopes. The multi-epitope vaccine was synthetically prepared by ionic crosslinking method, and CS-NPs was used as adjuvant. The mice were immunized by oral gavage and laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to localize the fluorescein- labeled multi-epitope peptide in the intestinal tract. The final multi-epitope vaccine was construct consist of Co1 targeting peptide, four B-cell epitopes, four canine-directed CTL epitopes and four murine-directed Th epitopes. It has been proven experimentally by this research that multi-epitope antigen concentration merged with microfold cells was high in the CS-NPs vaccine group. The present bioinformatics study is a first step towards the construction of a canine-specific multiepitope vaccine against Eg with twelve predicted epitopes. CS-NPs is a potential adjuvant with relatively safe penetration enhancement delivery and a potent immunostimulant.
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Costa, Rafaela Lisboa, Enio Pereira de Souza, and Fabricio Daniel dos Santos Silva. "Aplicação de uma teoria termodinâmica no estudo de um Vórtice Ciclônico de Altos Níveis sobre o nordeste do Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 29, no. 1 (March 2014): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-77862014000100010.
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Este estudo teve como objetivo principal aplicar a teoria da máquina térmica em um evento de Vórtice Ciclônico de Altos Níveis (VCAN), ocorrido sobre o Nordeste do Brasil com o intuito de analisar um dos mecanismos de manutenção desse tipo de sistema. A teoria da máquina térmica, baseada na segunda lei da termodinâmica, foi utilizada para calcular a diferença de pressão existente entre dois pontos localizados no centro e na periferia do VCAN. O modelo Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) conseguiu representar bem o evento ocorrido no período de 10 a 21 de janeiro de 2011, mostrando uma maior intensidade deste evento no período de 16 a 19 de janeiro de 2011. A teoria da máquina térmica apresentou-se como uma ferramenta capaz de ser utilizada no estudo dos VCANs, mostrando boa concordância com as simulações realizadas com o modelo.
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Houben, Rudolph H., Dimitra Kotsougiani, Patricia F. Friedrich, Alexander Y. Shin, and Allen T. Bishop. "Outcomes of Vascularized Bone Allotransplantation with Surgically Induced Autogenous Angiogenesis in a Large Animal Model: Bone Healing, Remodeling, and Material Properties." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 36, no. 02 (August 30, 2019): 082–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695052.
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Background Bone vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is a possible alternative for the treatment of large bone defects. Clinical application of VCAs is limited by the need for life-long immunosuppression (IS). We report an alternative method to maintain bone allotransplant viability in a large animal model without the need for life-long IS by using autogenous vessel implantation. Methods Fourteen bone only VCAs were transplanted in a porcine tibia defect model with short-term IS. Two groups were used to evaluate the effect of the implantation of an autogenous arteriovenous (AV)-bundle, therefore the only difference between the groups was the patency of the AV-bundle. We radiographically evaluated bone healing and allogenic pedicle patency. AV-bundle patency and union were evaluated with micro-CT. Bone remodeling was assessed with histomorphometry and material properties were evaluated with axial compression testing and cyclic reference point indentation. Results Two subjects did not reach the final time point. Twelve tibiae healed proximally, and nine at the distal transplant–bone interface. Bone allotransplants showed their viability in the first 4 to 6 weeks by significant periosteal bridging arising from the transplant and maintained pedicle patency. Bone material properties were not affected by the implantation of an AV-bundle when compared with ligated AV-bundle controls, but diminished compared with normal bone. Significantly higher bone formation rates resulted from the implantation of a patent AV-bundle. Conclusion New periosteal bone formation and subsequent bone healing result from blood flow through the microsurgically repaired nutrient blood supply, demonstrated by maintained allogenic pedicle patency. The implantation of a patent autogenous AV-bundle has no adverse effect on material properties, but a positive effect on bone remodeling of endosteal surfaces despite thrombosis of the allogenic pedicle. Bone material properties change after transplantation compared with normal bone, although 20-weeks survival time is relatively short for the final evaluation of bone material properties.
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Ayedh, Hussein M., Roberta Nipoti, Anders Hallén, and Bengt Gunnar Svensson. "Isothermal Treatment Effects on the Carbon Vacancy in 4H Silicon Carbide." Materials Science Forum 821-823 (June 2015): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.821-823.351.
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The carbon vacancy (VC) is a minority carrier lifetime controlling defect in 4H-SiC and it is formed during high temperature treatment. In this study, we have performed heat treatment on two sets of n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial samples. The first set was isothermally treated at 1850 °C to follow the evolution of VCas a function of time. The VCconcentration is not affected by changing the duration. Samples of the other set were treated at 1950 °C for 10 min, but with different cooling rates and a reduction of the VCconcentration was indeed demonstrated by lowering the cooling rate. The VCconcentration in the slow-cooled sample is about 2 times less than in the fast-cooled one, reflecting a competition between equilibrium conditions and the cooling rate.
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TASHIMA, M. M., L. SORIANO, M. V. BORRACHERO, J. MONZÓ, and J. PAYÁ. "Effect of curing time on microstructure and mechanical strength development of alkali activated binders based on vitreous calcium aluminosilicate (VCAS)." Bulletin of Materials Science 36, no. 2 (April 2013): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-013-0466-z.
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Franc, Aleš, David Vetchý, and Nicole Fülöpová. "Commercially Available Enteric Empty Hard Capsules, Production Technology and Application." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 11 (November 13, 2022): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15111398.
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Currently, there is a growing need to prepare small batches of enteric capsules for individual therapy or clinical evaluation since many acidic-sensitive substances should be protected from the stomach’s acidic environment, including probiotics or fecal material, in the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) process. A suitable method seems to be the encapsulation of drugs or lyophilized alternatively frozen biological suspensions in commercial hard enteric capsules prepared by so-called Enteric Capsule Drug Delivery Technology (ECDDT). Manufacturers supply these types of capsules, made from pH-soluble polymers, in products such as AR Caps®, EnTRinsicTM, and Vcaps® Enteric, or capsules made of gelling polymers that release their content as the gel erodes over time when passing through the digestive tract. These include DRcaps®, EMBO CAPS® AP, BioVXR®, or ACGcaps™ HD. Although not all capsules in all formulations meet pharmaceutical requirements for delayed-release dosage forms in disintegration and dissolution tests, they usually find practical application. This literature review presents their composition and properties. Since ECDDT is a new technology, this article is based on a limited number of references.
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Zhou, Yiheng, Baoquan Kou, He Zhang, Lu Zhang, and Likun Wang. "Design, Analysis and Test of a Hyperbolic Magnetic Field Voice Coil Actuator for Magnetic Levitation Fine Positioning Stage." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101830.
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The multi-degree-of-freedom high-precision positioning system (MHPS) is one of the key technologies in many advanced industrial applications. In this paper, a novel hyperbolic magnetic field voice coil actuator using a rhombus magnet array (HMF-VCA) for MHPS is proposed. Benefiting from the especially designed rhombus magnet array, the proposed HMF-VCA has the advantage of excellent force uniformity, which makes it suitable for multi-degree-of-freedom high-precision positioning applications. First, the basic structure and operation principles of the HMF-VCA are presented. Second, the six-degree-of-freedom force and torque characteristic of the HMF-VCA is studied by three-dimensional finite element analysis (3-D FEA). Third, the influence of structural parameters on force density and force uniformity is investigated, which is conducive to the design and optimization of the HMF-VCA. Finally, a prototype is constructed, and the comparison between the HMF-VCA and conventional VCAs proves the advantage of the proposed topology.
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Wiegele, Marion, Sibylle Kozek-Langenecker, and Eva Schaden. "Point-of-Care Testing in Burn Patients." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 43, no. 04 (March 30, 2017): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599155.
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AbstractSevere burn injury has an impact on the coagulation system, but a unique definition regarding these changes is still missing. The results of conventional coagulation assays (CCAs) measured in daily clinical practice are often interpreted as coagulopathic, which implies a bleeding tendency. However, viscoelastic coagulation assays (VCA) like Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and Thromboelastography (TEG) depict a hypercoagulable state. Therefore, hemostatic interventions should not be indicated according to deranged CCA results, but only in case of clinically relevant bleeding plus indicative VCA results. Massive blood loss mainly results from surgical excision of burn wounds. VCAs seem to be capable of guiding target-oriented coagulation management in this context. Owing to the increased thromboembolic risk, it appears rational to individualize pharmacologic venous thromboembolism prophylaxis by using sensitive laboratory tests and drug monitoring. Studies evaluating the use of new VCA test modifications are highly warranted and may substantially improve outcome in this difficult-to-treat patient population.
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Wells, Maxwell J., Robert K. Osgood, and Michael Venturino. "Using Target Replacement Performance to Measure Spatial Awareness in a Helmet-Mounted Simulator." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 19 (October 1988): 1429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803201926.
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Measurements were made of the ability of 20 subjects to acquire 3, 6 or 9 stationary visual targets and then replace them after they had been removed. The targets were viewed with various sized fields-of-view (FOVs) using a Visually Coupled Airborne Systems Simulator (VCASS), which was mounted on the head and which used head position information to provide space-stabilized computer-generated images. Targets were presented with a blank background or a terrain background. Subjects were instructed to use as much time as they required or to be as quick as possible searching for the targets. Mean times to search for the targets were faster with the larger FOVs and faster with fewer targets. Replacement accuracy was not sensitive to the FOV but decreased with increasing number of targets. Search times were slower, but replacement accuracy was greater with a terrain background than with a blank background. In the fast search conditions, the number of guessed target replacements decreased with decreasing numbers of targets and increasing FOV. It is concluded that target replacement performance was sensitive to manipulation of the independent variables and as such is a potentially useful metric of spatial awareness.