Journal articles: 'VBMC'

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Busink, Ellen, Bernard Canaud, Peter Schröder-Bäck, Aggie T. G. Paulus, Silvia M. A. A. Evers, Christian Apel, Sudhir K. Bowry, and Andrea Stopper. "Chronic Kidney Disease: Exploring Value-Based Healthcare as a Potential Viable Solution." Blood Purification 47, no. 1-3 (2019): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000496681.

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Background: Increasing healthcare expenditures have triggered a trend from volume to value by linking patient outcome to costs. This concept first described as value-based healthcare (VBHC) by Michael Porter is especially applicable for chronic conditions. This article aims to explore the applicability of the VBHC framework to the chronic kidney disease (CKD) care area. Methods: The 4 dimensions of VBHC (measure value; set and communicate value benchmarking; coordinate care; payment to reward value-add) were explored for the CKD care area. Available data was reviewed focusing on CKD initiatives in Europe to assess to what extent each of the 4 dimensions of VBHC have been applied in practice. Results: Translating VBHC into value-based renal care (VBRC) seems to be initiated to a limited extent in European health systems. In most cases not all dimensions of VBHC have been utilized in the renal care initiatives. Conclusion: The translation of VBHC into VBRC is possible and even desirable if an optimal treatment pathway for CKD patients could be achieved. This would require an organizational change in health system set up and should include a strategy focusing on full care responsibility. The patient outcome perspective and health economic analysis need to be the centre of attention.

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Bandurska, Ewa, Weronika Ciećko, Marzena Olszewska-Karaban, Iwona Damps-Konstańska, Dominika Szalewska, Piotr Janowiak, and Ewa Jassem. "Value-Based Integrated Care (VBIC) Concept Implementation in a Real-World Setting—Problem-Based Analysis of Barriers and Challenges." Healthcare 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081110.

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Healthcare effectiveness measurement and value in health have been common topics in public health literature since 2006 when value-based healthcare (VBHC) was first defined by Porter and Teisberg. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers and challenges related to the implementation of VBHC solutions in the example of Poland. A case presentation was used as a method. The national integrated care programs (KOS-Infarction, POZ-Plus, and comprehensive treatment of chronic wounds) were used to present general challenges, along with the Integrated Care Model (ICM) for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to determine specific difficulties. ICM has been operating since 2012 in Gdańsk and gradually adapted the value-based integrated care (VBIC) approach. An analysis of the available data showed that the greatest difficulties related to the implementation of the VBHC and VBIC concepts are a lack of legal and reimbursement solutions, staff shortages, a lack of educational standards for some members of the multidisciplinary team, and insufficient awareness of the role of integrated care. As the level of preparation to implement VBHC policies varies between individual countries, the conclusions drawn from the experience of ICM and other Polish projects may be a valuable voice in discussion.

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David, Doris, Sumathy Sundarababu, and Jeffrey E. Gerst. "Involvement of Long Chain Fatty Acid Elongation in the Trafficking of Secretory Vesicles in Yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 143, no. 5 (November 30, 1998): 1167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.143.5.1167.

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Members of the synaptobrevin/VAMP family of v-SNAREs are thought to be essential for vesicle docking and exocytosis in both lower and higher eukaryotes. Here, we describe yeast mutants that appear to bypass the known v-SNARE requirement in secretion. Recessive mutations in either VBM1 or VBM2, which encode related ER-localized membrane proteins, allow yeast to grow normally and secrete in the absence of Snc v-SNAREs. These mutants show selective alterations in protein transport, resulting in the differential trafficking and secretion of certain protein cargo. Yet, processing of the vacuolar marker, carboxypeptidase Y, and the secreted protein, invertase, appear normal in these mutants indicating that general protein trafficking early in the pathway is unaffected. Interestingly, VBM1 and VBM2 are allelic to ELO3 and ELO2, two genes that have been shown recently to mediate the elongation of very long chain fatty acids and subsequent ceramide and inositol sphingolipid synthesis. Thus, the v-SNARE requirement in constitutive exocytosis is abrogated by mutations in early components of the secretory pathway that act at the level of lipid synthesis to affect the ability of secretory vesicles to sort and deliver protein cargo.

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SIGNORE, CAROLINE. "VBAC." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 55, no. 4 (December 2012): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/grf.0b013e318263c55d.

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Spong, Catherine Y. "To VBAC or Not to VBAC." PLoS Medicine 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2012): e1001191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001191.

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Mola, G., and DAA Verkuyl. "‘To VBAC or not to VBAC’." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 121, no. 7 (May 20, 2014): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12710.

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Wanyonyi, SZ, and SK Ngichabe. "Authors’ reply: ‘To VBAC or not to VBAC’." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 121, no. 7 (May 20, 2014): 908–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12711.

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Scott, James R. "The VBAC dilemma." Issues in Women's Health 2, no. 2 (November 14, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/2154-4751.1120.

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Escamilla, Jorge O. "A VBAC question." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 186, no. 4 (April 2002): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2002.121658.

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Potera, Carol. "Back to VBAC." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 110, no. 6 (June 2010): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000377671.55963.44.

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Miller, D. "VBAC in Twins." ACOG Clinical Review 2, no. 2 (March 4, 1997): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1085-6862(97)80996-x.

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Hamabata, Takashi, Mitsutoshi Senoh, Masaaki Iwaki, Ayae Nishiyama, Akihiko Yamamoto, and Keigo Shibayama. "Induction and Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Corynebacterium diphtheriae." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050927.

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Many pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae, can become viable but nonculturable (VBNC) following exposure to specific stress conditions. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a known human pathogen causing diphtheria, has not previously been shown to enter the VBNC state. Here, we report that C. diphtheriae can become VBNC when exposed to low temperatures. Morphological differences in culturable and VBNC C. diphtheriae were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Culturable cells presented with a typical rod-shape, whereas VBNC cells showed a distorted shape with an expanded center. Cells could be transitioned from VBNC to culturable following treatment with catalase. This was further evaluated via RNA sequence-based transcriptomic analysis and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR of culturable, VBNC, and resuscitated VBNC cells following catalase treatment. As expected, many genes showed different behavior by resuscitation. The expression of both the diphtheria toxin and the repressor of diphtheria toxin genes remained largely unchanged under all four conditions (culturable, VBNC, VBNC after the addition of catalase, and resuscitated cells). This is the first study to demonstrate that C. diphtheriae can enter a VBNC state and that it can be rescued from this state via the addition of catalase. This study helps to expand our general understanding of VBNC, the pathogenicity of VBNC C. diphtheriae, and its environmental survival strategy.

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Fakruddin, Md, Khanjada Shahnewaj Bin Mannan, and Stewart Andrews. "Viable but Nonculturable Bacteria: Food Safety and Public Health Perspective." ISRN Microbiology 2013 (September 26, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/703813.

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The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state is a unique survival strategy of many bacteria in the environment in response to adverse environmental conditions. VBNC bacteria cannot be cultured on routine microbiological media, but they remain viable and retain virulence. The VBNC bacteria can be resuscitated when provided with appropriate conditions. A good number of bacteria including many human pathogens have been reported to enter the VBNC state. Though there have been disputes on the existence of VBNC in the past, extensive molecular studies have resolved most of them, and VBNC has been accepted as a distinct survival state. VBNC pathogenic bacteria are considered a threat to public health and food safety due to their nondetectability through conventional food and water testing methods. A number of disease outbreaks have been reported where VBNC bacteria have been implicated as the causative agent. Further molecular and combinatorial research is needed to tackle the threat posed by VBNC bacteria with regard to public health and food safety.

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Wagley, Sariqa, Helen Morcrette, Andrea Kovacs-Simon, Zheng R. Yang, Ann Power, Richard K. Tennant, John Love, Neil Murray, Richard W. Titball, and Clive S. Butler. "Bacterial dormancy: A subpopulation of viable but non-culturable cells demonstrates better fitness for revival." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): e1009194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009194.

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The viable but non culturable (VBNC) state is a condition in which bacterial cells are viable and metabolically active, but resistant to cultivation using a routine growth medium. We investigated the ability of V. parahaemolyticus to form VBNC cells, and to subsequently become resuscitated. The ability to control VBNC cell formation in the laboratory allowed us to selectively isolate VBNC cells using fluorescence activated cell sorting, and to differentiate subpopulations based on their metabolic activity, cell shape and the ability to cause disease in Galleria mellonella. Our results showed that two subpopulations (P1 and P2) of V. parahaemolyticus VBNC cells exist and can remain dormant in the VBNC state for long periods. VBNC subpopulation P2, had a better fitness for survival under stressful conditions and showed 100% revival under favourable conditions. Proteomic analysis of these subpopulations (at two different time points: 12 days (T12) and 50 days (T50) post VBNC) revealed that the proteome of P2 was more similar to that of the starting microcosm culture (T0) than the proteome of P1. Proteins that were significantly up or down-regulated between the different VBNC populations were identified and differentially regulated proteins were assigned into 23 functional groups, the majority being assigned to metabolism functional categories. A lactate dehydrogenase (lldD) protein, responsible for converting lactate to pyruvate, was significantly upregulated in all subpopulations of VBNC cells. Deletion of the lactate dehydrogenase (RIMD2210633:ΔlldD) gene caused cells to enter the VBNC state significantly more quickly compared to the wild-type, and adding lactate to VBNC cells aided their resuscitation and extended the resuscitation window. Addition of pyruvate to the RIMD2210633:ΔlldD strain restored the wild-type VBNC formation profile. This study suggests that lactate dehydrogenase may play a role in regulating the VBNC state.

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Zopfs, David, Simon Lennartz, Charlotte Zaeske, Martin Merkt, Kai Roman Laukamp, Robert Peter Reimer, David Maintz, Jan Borggrefe, and Nils Grosse Hokamp. "Phantomless assessment of volumetric bone mineral density using virtual non-contrast images from spectral detector computed tomography." British Journal of Radiology 93, no. 1109 (May 1, 2020): 20190992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190992.

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Objective: To evaluate phantomless assessment of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) based on virtual non-contrast images of arterial (VNCa) and venous phase (VNCv) derived from spectral detector CT in comparison to true non-contrast (TNC) images and adjusted venous phase conventional images (CIV(adjusted)). Methods: 104 consecutive patients who underwent triphasic spectral detector CT between January 2018 and April 2019 were retrospectively included. TNC, VNCa, VNCv and venous phase images (CIV) were reconstructed. vBMD was obtained by two radiologists using an FDA/CE-cleared software. Average vBMD of the first three lumbar vertebrae was determined in each reconstruction; vBMD of CIV was adjusted for contrast enhancement as suggested earlier. Results: vBMD values obtained from CIV(adjusted) are comparable to vBMD values derived from TNC images (91.79 ± 36.52 vs 90.16 ± 41.71 mg/cm3, p = 1.00); however, vBMD values derived from VNCa and VNCv (42.20 ± 22.50 and 41.98 ± 23.3 mg/cm3 respectively) were significantly lower as compared to vBMD values from TNC and CIV(adjusted) (all p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Spectral detector CT-derived virtual non-contrast images systematically underestimate vBMD and therefore should not be used without appropriate adjustments. Adjusted venous phase images provide reliable results and may be utilized for an opportunistic BMD screening in CT examinations. Advances in knowledge: Adjustments of venous phase images facilitate opportunistic assessment of vBMD, while spectral detector CT-derived VNC images systematically underestimate vBMD.

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Guo, Zhe, Xia Du, Ling Wang, Kai Li, Jun Jiao, Giuseppe Guglielmi, Khrystyna Zhurakivska, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Glen M. Blake, and Xiaoguang Cheng. "Measurements of volumetric bone mineral density in the mandible do not predict spinal osteoporosis." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 3 (March 2020): 20190280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190280.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the trabecular volumetric Bone Mineral Density (vBMD) of the middle, body and angle of the mandible correlates with vBMD of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae in a Chinese population. Methods and materials: 661 subjects (270 males, 391 females), ranging from 20 to 59 years of age, were recruited for vBMD measurements by quantitative CT (QCT). Basic information (age, height and weight), vBMD of the mandible (middle, body and angle sites), and vBMD of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae were recorded. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to investigate the association of mandibular with vertebral vBMD. Results: The study cohort comprised 661 subjects: 270 (41%) males, 391 (59%) females. Median age in males was 40 (range, 21–59) years. Median age in females was 41 (range, 20–59) years. Values of the Spearman correlation coefficient between mandibular and vertebral vBMD ranged from R = 0.048 to 0.141. In males, the three correlation coefficients between mandibular and cervical vBMD (middle: R = 0.138; body: R = 0.126; angle: R = 0.122) were all statistically significant (p < 0.05). In females, the correlation between the middle mandibular site and cervical site was statistically significant (R = 0.141, p < 0.01). None of the other correlations examined were statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study population, mandibular vBMD was at best weakly correlated with cervical and lumbar vertebral vBMD, indicating that mandibular vBMD should be measured independently for the assessment of mandibular bone status.

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Shamloei, Sharareh, Ali Nabavi-Rad, Habibollah Nazem, and Abbas Yadegar. "Current Perspectives on Viable but Non-culturable Bacteria in Food Safety and Public Health." Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection 9, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.02.

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The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is defined as an adaptive mechanism for microorganisms adjusting to stressful conditions. Although VBNC bacteria are alive and metabolically active, they are unable to grow on routine culture media. Nevertheless, the potential capacity of VBNC pathogens to retain virulence activity and further resuscitate into the culturable state in favorable conditions constitutes a major hazard to food safety and public health. Food processing, transformation, and storage, as well as non-thermal techniques, can provoke pathogens toward VBNC induction. The distinct characteristic of VBNC bacteria led to the emergence of novel culture-independent techniques to prevent the misinterpretation of food safety. To deepen our knowledge of the molecular aspect of the VBNC state, several mechanism-oriented studies investigated the metabolic activity of VBNC bacteria and their correlation with different stressful conditions. This review aims to discuss the molecular mechanisms and genomic factors underlying the induction and resuscitation of the VBNC state. The study will further highlight innovative detection methods to provide a comprehensive perspective for future studies in the emerging fields of research concerning VBNC state, food safety, and public health.

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Vaassen, Sanne, Brigitte A. B. Essers, Lorette A. Stammen, Kieran Walsh, Marlou Kerssens, Silvia M. A. A. Evers, Ide Heyligers, Laurents P. S. Stassen, Walther N. K. A. van Mook, and Cindy Y. G. Noben. "Incorporating value-based healthcare projects in residency training: a mixed-methods study on the impact of participation on understanding and competency development." BMJ Open 12, no. 8 (August 2022): e060682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060682.

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ObjectivesStimulating the active participation of residents in projects with societally relevant healthcare themes, such as value-based healthcare (VBHC), can be a strategy to enhance competency development. Canadian Medical Education Directions for Specialists (CanMEDS) competencies such as leader and scholar are important skills for all doctors. In this study, we hypothesise that when residents conduct a VBHC project, CanMEDS competencies are developed. There is the added value of gaining knowledge about VBHC.DesignAn explorative mixed-methods study assessing residents’ self-perceived learning effects of conducting VBHC projects according to three main components: (1) CanMEDS competency development, (2) recognition of VBHC dilemmas in clinical practice, and (3) potential facilitators for and barriers to implementing a VBHC project. We triangulated data resulting from qualitative analyses of: (a) text-based summaries of VBHC projects by residents and (b) semistructured interviews with residents who conducted these projects.SettingAcademic and non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands.ParticipantsOut of 63 text-based summaries from residents, 56 were selected; and out of 19 eligible residents, 11 were selected for semistructured interviews and were included in the final analysis.ResultsRegarding CanMEDS competency development, the competencies ‘leader’, ‘communicator’ and ‘collaborator’ scored the highest. Opportunities to recognise VBHC dilemmas in practice were mainly stimulated by analysing healthcare practices from different perspectives, and by learning how to define costs and relate them to outcomes. Finally, implementation of VBHC projects is facilitated by a thorough investigation of a VBHC dilemma combined with an in-depth stakeholder analysis.ConclusionIn medical residency training programmes, competency development through active participation in projects with societally relevant healthcare themes—such as VBHC—was found to be a promising strategy. From a resident’s perspective, combining a thorough investigation of the VBHC dilemma with an in-depth stakeholder analysis is key to the successful implementation of a VBHC project.

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METZ, TORRI D., and JAMES R. SCOTT. "Contemporary Management of VBAC." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 55, no. 4 (December 2012): 1026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/grf.0b013e318261a2ad.

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FINEBERG, ANNETTE E., and ZOE A. TILTON. "VBAC in the Trenches." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 55, no. 4 (December 2012): 997–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/grf.0b013e31826fe5fa.

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Condon, Susanrachel. "PLANNING A VBAC HOMEBIRTH." Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 51, no. 4 (July 8, 2006): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2006.02.005.

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Newstead, Peter. "VBAC: A Brief History." International Journal of Mathematics 27, no. 07 (June 2016): 1602002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x1602002x.

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Bonanno, Clarissa, Marilee Clausing, and Richard Berkowitz. "VBAC: A Medicolegal Perspective." Clinics in Perinatology 38, no. 2 (June 2011): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2011.03.005.

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Gochnour, Greg, Stephen Ratcliffe, and Mary Bishop Stone. "The UTAH VBAC Study." Maternal and Child Health Journal 9, no. 2 (June 2005): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-005-4907-1.

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Hensley, Craig P., Devyn Millican, Nida Hamilton, Amy Yang, Jungwha Lee, and Alison H. Chang. "Video-Based Motion Analysis Use: A National Survey of Orthopedic Physical Therapists." Physical Therapy 100, no. 10 (July 31, 2020): 1759–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa125.

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Abstract Objectives Motion analysis is performed by physical therapists to assess and improve movement. Two-dimensional video-based motion analysis (VBMA) is available for smartphones/tablets and requires little to no equipment or cost. Research on VBMA use in clinical practice is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the current use of VBMA in orthopedic physical therapist practice. Methods Members of the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy completed an online survey. Questions examined frequency of VBMA use, reasons for use, facilitators/barriers, device/apps used, practice patterns, other certificates/degrees, and demographic information. Results Among the final analysis sample of 477 respondents, 228 (47.8%) use VBMA. Of 228 VBMA users, 91.2% reported using it for ≤25% of their caseload, and 57.9% reported using their personal device to capture movement. Reasons for using VBMA included visual feedback for patient education (91.7%), analysis of movement (91.2%), and assessment of progress (51.8%). Barriers to use included lack of device/equipment (48.8%), lack of space (48.6%), and time restraint (32.1%). Those with ≤20 years of clinical experience (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.21–2.76), residency training (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.14–5.43), and fellowship training (OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.32–6.66), and those from the West region of the United States (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.07–2.56) were more likely to use VBMA. Conclusions More than 50% of surveyed orthopedic physical therapists do not use VBMA in clinical practice. Future research should be directed toward assessing reliability and validity of VBMA use by smartphones, tablets, and apps and examining whether VBMA use enhances treatment outcomes. Data security, patient confidentiality, and integration into the electronic medical record should be addressed. Impact This study is the first to our knowledge to describe the use of VBMA in orthopedic physical therapist practice in the United States. It is the first step in understanding how VBMA is used and might be used to enhance clinical assessment and treatment outcomes.

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Huang, Yu-Wen, Jing-Wun Lu, and Tai-Li Chen. "Volumetric Bone Mineral Density Measured by HR-pQCT in Patients with Psoriasis or Psoriatic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081056.

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Bone health in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis has been emphasized in recent years. Novel imaging modalities allow investigations into volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microstructure in psoriatic patients. However, literature regarding vBMD measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate vBMD in patients with psoriatic disease. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for relevant observational studies. A random-effects meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed. The pooled mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Five studies with 780 patients were included. Patients with psoriatic disease showed a lower average vBMD than controls (MD −14.90; 95% CI −22.90 to −6.89; TSA-adjusted CI −23.77 to −6.03; I2 = 41%). Trabecular vBMD and cortical vBMD results were inconclusive because of the small sample size. Patients recruited in Asia and those whose vBMD were measured at the distal radius exhibited a lower average vBMD than controls. Further research should clarify the association of psoriasis with bone microstructure and the underlying pathophysiology.

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Simeone, Silvio, Filomena Stile, Guillari Assunta, Gianpaolo Gargiulo, and Teresa Rea. "Experience of Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: A Phenomenological Study." Journal of Perinatal Education 28, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.28.3.131.

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The international literature concerning cesarean surgeries (CSs) make it clear that many of these procedures are unnecessary. Using a phenomenological methodology, we seek to understand the experiences and decisions of women who have undergone vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Various factors contribute to the choice of VBAC. Making VBAC a more regular practice would contribute to a decrease in the total number of repeat CSs. The purpose of this study is threefold: (a) to understand the process that women use to select a VBAC rather than a repeat cesarean, (b) to understand the mothers' lived experience of that VBAC, and (c) to use the aforementioned data to inform the development of new educational programs for mothers considering VBAC.

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Grey, Brian E., and Todd R. Steck. "The Viable But Nonculturable State ofRalstonia solanacearum May Be Involved in Long-Term Survival and Plant Infection." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 3866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.9.3866-3872.2001.

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ABSTRACT The role of the dormant-like viable but nonculturable (VBNC) condition in the etiology of bacterial infection was examined using a plant system. The plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum was first shown to enter into the VBNC state both in response to cupric sulfate when in a saline solution and when placed in autoclaved soil. To determine if the VBNC condition is related to pathogenesis, the physiological status of bacteria recovered from different regions of inoculated tomato plants was determined at different stages of infection. The fraction of in planta bacteria that were VBNC increased during infection and became greater than 99% by the late stage of disease. The possibility that soil-dwelling VBNC bacteria may resuscitate and infect plants was also examined. When tomato seeds were germinated in sterile soil that contained VBNC but no detectable culturable forms of R. solanacearumcells, resuscitation was observed to occur in soil adjacent to plant roots; these resuscitated bacteria were able to infect plants. This is the first report of R. solanacearum entering the VBNC state and of resuscitation of any VBNC plant-pathogenic bacteria and provides evidence that the VBNC state may be involved in explaining the persistent nature of some infections.

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Salamanna, Francesca, Deyanira Contartese, Veronica Borsari, Stefania Pagani, Maria Sartori, Matilde Tschon, Cristiana Griffoni, et al. "Gender-Specific Differences in Human Vertebral Bone Marrow Clot." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (July 24, 2023): 11856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411856.

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Recently, our group described the application of vertebral bone marrow (vBMA) clot as a cell therapy strategy for spinal fusion. Its beneficial effects were confirmed in aging-associated processes, but the influence of gender is unknown. In this study, we compared the biological properties of vBMA clots and derived vertebral mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from female and male patients undergoing spinal fusion procedures and treated with vBMA clot. We analyzed the expression of growth factors (GFs) in vBMA clots and MSCs as well as morphology, viability, doubling time, markers expression, clonogenicity, differentiation ability, senescence factors, Klotho expression, and HOX and TALE gene profiles from female and male donors. Our findings indicate that vBMA clots and derived MSCs from males had higher expression of GFs and greater osteogenic and chondrogenic potential compared to female patients. Additionally, vBMA-clot-derived MSCs from female and male donors exhibited distinct levels of HOX and TALE gene expression. Specifically, HOXA1, HOXB8, HOXD9, HOXA11, and PBX1 genes were upregulated in MSCs derived from clotted vBMA from male donors. These results demonstrate that vBMA clots can be effectively used for spinal fusion procedures; however, gender-related differences should be taken into consideration when utilizing vBMA-clot-based studies to optimize the design and implementation of this cell therapy strategy in clinical trials.

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Willman, Britta, Kjell Grankvist, and Karin Bölenius. "Evaluation of the clinical implementation of a large-scale online e-learning program on venous blood specimen collection guideline practices." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 56, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 1870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-0051.

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Abstract Background: When performed erroneously, the venous blood specimen collection (VBSC) practice steps patient identification, test request management and test tube labeling are at high risk to jeopardize patient safety. VBSC educational programs with the intention to minimize risk of harm to patients are therefore needed. In this study, we evaluate the efficiency of a large-scale online e-learning program on personnel’s adherence to VBSC practices and their experience of the e-learning program. Methods: An interprofessional team transformed an implemented traditional VBSC education program to an online e-learning program developed to stimulate reflection with focus on the high-risk practice steps. We used questionnaires to evaluate the effect of the e-learning program on personnel’s self-reported adherence to VBSC practices compared to questionnaire surveys before and after introduction of the traditional education program. We used content analysis to evaluate the participants free text experience of the VBSC e-learning program. Results: Adherence to the VBSC guideline high-risk practice steps generally increased following the implementation of a traditional educational program followed by an e-learning program. We however found a negative trend over years regarding participation rates and the practice to always send/sign the request form following the introduction of an electronic request system. The participants were in general content with the VBSC e-learning program. Conclusions: Properly designed e-learning programs on VBSC practices supersedes traditional educational programs in usefulness and functionality. Inclusion of questionnaires in the e-learning program is necessary for follow-up of VBSC participant’s practices and educational program efficiency.

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Wideman, Nathan E., James D. Oliver, Philip Glen Crandall, and Nathan A. Jarvis. "Detection and Potential Virulence of Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) Listeria monocytogenes: A Review." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010194.

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The detection, enumeration, and virulence potential of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens continues to be a topic of discussion. While there is a lack of definitive evidence that VBNC Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) pose a public health risk, recent studies suggest that Lm in its VBNC state remains virulent. VBNC bacteria cannot be enumerated by traditional plating methods, so the results from routine Lm testing may not demonstrate a sample’s true hazard to public health. We suggest that supplementing routine Lm testing methods with methods designed to enumerate VBNC cells may more accurately represent the true level of risk. This review summarizes five methods for enumerating VNBC Lm: Live/Dead BacLightTM staining, ethidium monoazide and propidium monoazide-stained real-time polymerase chain reaction (EMA- and PMA-PCR), direct viable count (DVC), 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride-4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (CTC-DAPI) double staining, and carboxy-fluorescein diacetate (CDFA) staining. Of these five supplementary methods, the Live/Dead BacLightTM staining and CFDA-DVC staining currently appear to be the most accurate for VBNC Lm enumeration. In addition, the impact of the VBNC state on the virulence of Lm is reviewed. Widespread use of these supplemental methods would provide supporting data to identify the conditions under which Lm can revert from its VBNC state into an actively multiplying state and help identify the environmental triggers that can cause Lm to become virulent. Highlights: Rationale for testing for all viable Listeria (Lm) is presented. Routine environmental sampling and plating methods may miss viable Lm cells. An overview and comparison of available VBNC testing methods is given. There is a need for resuscitation techniques to recover Lm from VBNC. A review of testing results for post VBNC virulence is compared

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Bao, Qiuhua, Xiaoyu Bo, Lu Chen, Yan Ren, Huiying Wang, Lai-Yu Kwok, and Wenjun Liu. "Comparative Analysis Using Raman Spectroscopy of the Cellular Constituents of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Zhang in a Normal and Viable but Nonculturable State." Microorganisms 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2023): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051266.

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This study aimed to investigate the molecular composition of a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state of a probiotic strain, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Zhang (L. paracasei Zhang), using single-cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRS). Fluorescent microcopy with live/dead cell staining (propidium iodide and SYTO 9), plate counting, and scanning electron microscopy were used in combination to observe bacteria in an induced VBNC state. We induced the VBNC state by incubating the cells in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth (MRS) at 4 °C. Cells were sampled for subsequent analyses before VBNC induction, during it, and up to 220 days afterwards. We found that, after cold incubation for 220 days, the viable plate count was zero, but active cells could still be observed (as green fluorescent cells) under a fluorescence microscope, indicating that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Zhang entered the VBNC state under these conditions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the altered ultra-morphology of the VBNC cells, characterized by a shortened cell length and a wrinkled cell surface. Principal component analysis of the Raman spectra profiles revealed obvious differences in the intracellular biochemical constituents between normal and VBNC cells. Comparative analysis of the Raman spectra identified 12 main differential peaks between normal and VBNC cells, corresponding to carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Our results suggested that there were obvious cellular structural intracellular macromolecular differences between normal and VBNC cells. During the induction of the VBNC state, the relative contents of carbohydrates (such as fructose), saturated fatty acids (such as palmitic acid), nucleic acid constituents, and some amino acids changed obviously, which could constitute a bacterial adaptive mechanism against adverse environmental conditions. Our study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the formation mechanism of a VBNC state in lactic acid bacteria.

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Liu, Yawen, Han Lv, Pengfei Zhao, Zhaohui Liu, Wenjing Chen, Shusheng Gong, Zhenchang Wang, and Jian-Ming Zhu. "Neuroanatomical Alterations in Patients with Early Stage of Unilateral Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study." Neural Plasticity 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4756471.

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During the past several years, the rapid development of neuroimaging techniques has contributed greatly in the noninvasive imaging studies of tinnitus. The aim of the present study was to explore the brain anatomical alterations in patients with right-sided unilateral pulsatile tinnitus (PT) in the early stage of PT symptom using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis. Twenty-four patients with right-sided pulsatile tinnitus and 24 age- and gender-matched normal controls were recruited to this study. Structural image data preprocessing was performed using VBM8 toolbox. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score was acquired in the tinnitus group to assess the severity of tinnitus and tinnitus-related distress. Two-sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used in statistical analysis. Patients with unilateral pulsatile tinnitus had significantly increased gray matter (GM) volume in bilateral superior temporal gyrus compared with the normal controls. However, the left cerebellum posterior lobe, left frontal superior orbital lobe (gyrus rectus), right middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and bilateral putamen showed significantly decreased brain volumes. This was the first study which demonstrated the features of neuroanatomical changes in patients with unilateral PT during their early stages of the symptom.

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Pandey, Uma, and Priyanka Tripathy. "Success of VBAC in A Tertiary Hospital." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 5, no. 1 (2017): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.5117.17.

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Šuster, Katja, and Andrej Cör. "Induction of Viable But Non-Culturable State in Clinically Relevant Staphylococci and Their Detection with Bacteriophage K." Antibiotics 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020311.

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Prosthetic joint infections are frequently associated with biofilm formation and the presence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria. Conventional sample culturing remains the gold standard for microbiological diagnosis. However, VBNC bacteria lack the ability to grow on routine culture medium, leading to culture-negative results. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically recognize and infect bacteria. In this study, we wanted to determine if bacteriophages could be used to detect VBNC bacteria. Four staphylococcal strains were cultured for biofilm formation and transferred to low-nutrient media with different gentamycin concentrations for VBNC state induction. VBNC bacteria were confirmed with the BacLightTM viability kit staining. Suspensions of live, dead, and VBNC bacteria were incubated with bacteriophage K and assessed in a qPCR for their detection. The VBNC state was successfully induced 8 to 19 days after incubation under stressful conditions. In total, 6.1 to 23.9% of bacteria were confirmed alive while not growing on conventional culturing media. During the qPCR assay, live bacterial suspensions showed a substantial increase in phage DNA. No detection was observed in dead bacteria or phage non-susceptible E. coli suspensions. However, a reduction in phage DNA in VBNC bacterial suspensions was observed, which confirmed the detection was successful based on the adsorption of phages.

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Highmore, Callum J., Jennifer C. Warner, Steve D. Rothwell, Sandra A. Wilks, and C. William Keevil. "Viable-but-NonculturableListeria monocytogenesandSalmonella entericaSerovar Thompson Induced by Chlorine Stress Remain Infectious." mBio 9, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): e00540-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00540-18.

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ABSTRACTThe microbiological safety of fresh produce is monitored almost exclusively by culture-based detection methods. However, bacterial food-borne pathogens are known to enter a viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state in response to environmental stresses such as chlorine, which is commonly used for fresh produce decontamination. Here, complete VBNC induction of green fluorescent protein-taggedListeria monocytogenesandSalmonella entericaserovar Thompson was achieved by exposure to 12 and 3 ppm chlorine, respectively. The pathogens were subjected to chlorine washing following incubation on spinach leaves. Culture data revealed that total viableL. monocytogenesandSalmonellaThompson populations became VBNC by 50 and 100 ppm chlorine, respectively, while enumeration by direct viable counting found that chlorine caused a <1-log reduction in viability. The pathogenicity of chlorine-induced VBNCL. monocytogenesandSalmonellaThompson was assessed by usingCaenorhabditis elegans. Ingestion of VBNC pathogens byC. elegansresulted in a significant life span reduction (P= 0.0064 andP< 0.0001), and no significant difference between the life span reductions caused by the VBNC and culturableL. monocytogenestreatments was observed.L. monocytogeneswas visualized beyond the nematode intestinal lumen, indicating resuscitation and cell invasion. These data emphasize the risk that VBNC food-borne pathogens could pose to public health should they continue to go undetected.IMPORTANCEMany bacteria are known to enter a viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state in response to environmental stresses. VBNC cells cannot be detected by standard laboratory culture techniques, presenting a problem for the food industry, which uses these techniques to detect pathogen contaminants. This study found that chlorine, a sanitizer commonly used for fresh produce, induces a VBNC state in the food-borne pathogensListeria monocytogenesandSalmonella enterica. It was also found that chlorine is ineffective at killing total populations of the pathogens. A life span reduction was observed inCaenorhabditis elegansthat ingested these VBNC pathogens, with VBNCL. monocytogenesas infectious as its culturable counterpart. These data show that VBNC food-borne pathogens can both be generated and avoid detection by industrial practices while potentially retaining the ability to cause disease.

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Абдуллаева, Асият Мухтаровна, Лариса Петровна Блинкова, Борис Вениаминович Уша, Румия Камилевна Валитова, Юрий Дмитриевич Пахомов, and Дарья Борисовна Митрофанова. "Detection of Viable but Nonculturable Microbial Cells in Chicken Mince." Health, Food & Biotechnology 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36107/hfb.2019.i4.s281.

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The relevance of the study and the presence of gaps in the relevant knowledge on the topic. Potential existence of hazardous viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells of pathogenic microorganisms in foodstuffs that can be formed under the influence of various factors, their detection and determination of conditions for formation of VBNC cells of various contaminant bacteria are relevant for preventing contamination of meats.Methods. In the study, a search was conducted for VBNC cells in chicken mince in real time and during experimental infection of it by Staphylococcus aureus 209P. In order to detect VBNC cells in chicken mince, total number of microbes, number of bacterial colonies (CFU), and the portion of living (dead) cells were determined in 1g of the product using a commercial set of fluorescent dyes. A second study was carried out after 5 h of incubation of tested samples at room temperature.Results and discussion. In samples of minced meat on the 4th day after production, more than 99% of all detected living cells were VBNC. After 5-hour incubation of the sample, the number of CFU/g increased by 22.5 times, but the portion of VBNC cells remained higher than 99% of viable bacteria. During artificial infection of the same batch of mince with S. aureus in broth culture at the stage of logarithmic growth, the amount of VBNC cells for 0 hours was 97.3%. After 5 hours their number increased to 99.99%. Probably, in the introduced culture of Staphylococcus at the stage of active reproduction, formation of VBNC bacteria did not occur, which initially reduced their number in the sample. After 5-h incubation, transition of bacteria to VBNC state was accelerated, possibly due to unfavorable conditions for the cell population (changes in trophic substrate, temperature, pH, etc.).Conclusions. Experimental data confirm presence of VBNC bacteria in chicken products that don’t grow on traditional nutrient media, and showing a false negative result in traditional microbiological expertise. Because of the biohazard of such dormant cells, it is advisable to provide regulated testing of foodstuffs for presence of VBNC cells.

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Toohill, Jocelyn, Jenny Gamble, and Debra K. Creedy. "A critical review of vaginal birth rates after a primary Caesarean in Queensland hospitals." Australian Health Review 37, no. 5 (2013): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13044.

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Introduction For women with a lower uterine incision without indication for repeat Caesarean section (CS), vaginal birth for their next pregnancy is a safe option. Although these women should be encouraged to consider vaginal birth after a Caesarean section (VBAC) it is not consistently supported in practice. There is relatively little information on the extent to which maternal preference, birthing decisions and outcomes match best available evidence. Aim To describe current VBAC rates for women in Queensland, Australia and compare this to safe, achievable VBAC rates reported in national and international studies. Method Perinatal data from 2004 to 2011 were reviewed to determine current VBAC rates following a primary CS for women birthing in Queensland. These were compared with VBAC rates reported in the literature. Results Queensland has a high overall CS rate and high repeat CS rate compared with the national average. In 2010, Queensland VBAC rates for next birth following primary CS were 14% (range 13–21% public sector, 7–11% private hospitals). This is substantially lower than achievable Australian rates of 24% and international rates. Conclusion Low VBAC rates reflect low numbers of women commencing labour in a pregnancy subsequent to a primary CS. There is unexplained variation in VBAC rates between maternity facilities. Clinical reviews to support evidence-based practice are warranted. What is known about the topic? Repeat CS is a major contributor to high CS rates in industrialised countries. What does this paper add? Following a primary CS, women in Queensland are less likely to commence labour and achieve a vaginal birth compared with rates reported in national and international VBAC studies. What are the implications for practitioners? Maternity clinicians need to be aware of best practice and contextualise the evidence for individual women to improve VBAC rates.

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Adewole, Adebayo, Adegboyega Fawole, Munirdeen Ijaiya, Abiodun Adeniran, Adeshina Kikelomo, and Abiodun Aboyeji. "Delivery outcome and predictors of successful vaginal birth after primary cesarean delivery: A comparative study." Babcock University Medical Journal 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/bumj.v5i1.99.

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Objectives: This study aimed to determine the rate and predictive factors for successful vaginal birth after cesarean delivery, and measure maternal and neonatal outcomes of VBAC following one previous cesarean delivery. Methods: In this hospital-based prospective study, sixty women with one previous CD (subjects) who attempted VBAC and another sixty without previous CD (controls) carrying singleton cephalic fetuses matched for maternal age, parity, and gestational age were compared. The primary outcome measures were successful vaginal delivery and its predictors. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22.0), and p<0.05 was significant. Results: Out of 1768 deliveries, 105 (5.9%) had one previous CD; 57.1% (60/105) attempted while 61.7% (37/60) had successful VBAC; 23 (38.3%) had failed VBAC and repeat CD, while 14 (23.3%) of the control group had CD. The significant predictors of successful VBAC were cervical dilatation ≥4cm on admission (p=0.003), maternal age >35 years (p=0.019); and augmentation of labor (p=0.020); while previous vaginal delivery (p=0.108), parity (p=0.706), BMI (0.240), and inter-delivery interval (p=0.265) were not statistically significant. The maternal and neonatal outcomes were not statistically different among women who had successful VBAC after one CD compared to women without previous CD. Important morbidities following VBAC included uterine rupture (3.3%) and primary postpartum hemorrhage (6.7%). There was no peripartum hysterectomy or maternal death; the perinatal mortality rate was 16.7/1,000 live births for women who attempted VBAC while no perinatal death was recorded among the controls. Conclusion: VBAC is safe, and its outcome is comparable to women without previous CD.

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Nguyen, Michelle T., Teodocia Maria Hayes-Bautista, Paul Hsu, Christina Bragg, Irving Chopin, and Kathryn J. Shaw. "Applying a Prediction Model for Vaginal Birth after Cesarean to a Latina Inner-City Population." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 10, no. 02 (April 2020): e148-e154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708493.

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Abstract Background The Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network developed a prediction model for calculating the likelihood of successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in patients undergoing a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). In this prediction model, Latina ethnicity is considered a negative predictive factor for successful VBAC. Subsequent studies have found mixed results regarding VBAC success in Latina ethnicity. Objective Our aim was to compare the predicted chance of successful VBAC (as calculated using the MFMU prediction model) to actual TOLAC outcomes in a large Latina sample. Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of Latinas who underwent TOLAC at our institution from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016. The MFMU prediction model was used to calculate each participant's predicted success, and the participants were then categorized into three groups based on predicted success: low (<35%), moderate (35–65%), and high (>65%). The predicted success rates versus actual outcomes were compared among the three groups. Results A total of 567 Latinas met inclusion criteria. Successful VBAC occurred in 476 patients (84%). VBAC was achieved in 65.3% of the low predicted success group, 84.4% of the moderate predicted success group, and 91.7% of the predicted high success group. Actual VBAC success rates exceeded the predicted success rates for the low and moderate groups. Conclusion Our results question whether Latina ethnicity should continue to be considered a negative predictive factor for VBAC success. Our results also suggest that Latinas with a low predicted VBAC success should not necessarily be discouraged from attempting TOLAC.

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Heim, Sabina, Maria Del Mar Lleo, Barbara Bonato, Carlos A. Guzman, and Pietro Canepari. "The Viable but Nonculturable State and Starvation Are Different Stress Responses of Enterococcus faecalis, as Determined by Proteome Analysis." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 23 (December 1, 2002): 6739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.23.6739-6745.2002.

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ABSTRACT The protein expression patterns of exponentially growing, starved, and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Enterococcus faecalis cells were analyzed to establish whether differences exist between the VBNC state and other stress responses. The results indicate that the protein profile of VBNC cells differs from that of either starved or exponentially growing bacteria. This demonstrates that the VBNC state is a distinct physiological phase within the life cycle of E. faecalis, which is activated in response to multiple environmental stresses.

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Cappelier, J. M., J. Minet, C. Magras, R. R. Colwell, and M. Federighi. "Recovery in Embryonated Eggs of Viable but Nonculturable Campylobacter jejuni Cells and Maintenance of Ability To Adhere to HeLa Cells after Resuscitation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 5154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.11.5154-5157.1999.

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ABSTRACT The existence of a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state has been described for Campylobacter jejuni as it had been for a number pathogenic bacteria. Three C. jejuni human isolates were suspended in surface water and subsequently entered the VBNC state. After starvation for 30 days, VBNC cells were inoculated in the yolk sacs of embryonated eggs. Culturable cells were detected in a large proportion of the embryonated eggs inoculated with VBNC C. jejuni cells. Recovered cells kept their adhesion properties.

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Arshoff, Larry, Gordon Hoag, Craig Ivany, and David Kinniburgh. "Laboratory medicine: The exemplar for value-based healthcare." Healthcare Management Forum 34, no. 3 (February 23, 2021): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470421990041.

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Value-Based Healthcare (VBHC) aims to improve the overall quality, safety, and sustainability of healthcare while reducing delivery costs of more effective care. Despite advantages associated with VBHC transformation, the road to its adoption has been lengthy. Laboratory Medicine (LM) is in a prime position to lead the transition to VBHC because of its key role in diagnosis and treatment of patients. Laboratory medicine results inform/influence 50% to 70% of all clinical decisions. This article summarizes some issues associated with adoption of VBHC and related healthcare innovations and suggests potential approaches using LM-specific examples to help accelerate adoption. Laboratory medicine is both a useful model for VBHC implementation and facilitator for related innovation adoption by helping to target patient populations that would benefit most from specific interventions. The critical value of rapidly adopted diagnostic technologies used during the COVID-19 pandemic and economic recovery provide important insights about the need to embrace and accelerate VBHC implementation.

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Pan, Hanxu, and Qing Ren. "Wake Up! Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Bacteria: Mechanism and Potential Application." Foods 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010082.

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The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy for bacteria when encountered with unfavorable conditions. Under favorable environments such as nutrient supplementation, external stress elimination, or supplementation with resuscitation-promoting substances, bacteria will recover from the VBNC state, which is termed “resuscitation”. The resuscitation phenomenon is necessary for proof of VBNC existence, which has been confirmed in different ways to exclude the possibility of culturable-cell regrowth. The resuscitation of VBNC cells has been widely studied for the purpose of risk control of recovered pathogenic or spoilage bacteria. From another aspect, the resuscitation of functional bacteria can also be considered a promising field to explore. To support this point, the resuscitation mechanisms were comprehensively reviewed, which could provide the theoretical foundations for the application of resuscitated VBNC cells. In addition, the proposed applications, as well as the prospects for further applications of resuscitated VBNC bacteria in the food industry are discussed in this review.

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Grey, Brian, and Todd R. Steck. "Concentrations of Copper Thought To Be Toxic toEscherichia coli Can Induce the Viable but Nonculturable Condition." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 5325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.11.5325-5327.2001.

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ABSTRACT We have determined that concentrations of copper considered to be toxic can induce a fraction of a population of Escherichia coli to enter the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) condition. Copper-induced VBNC cells could be resuscitated for up to 2 weeks after entering the VBNC state.

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Wijaya, Made Indra, Abd Rahim Mohamad, and Muhammad Hafizurrachman. "Improving patient satisfaction: the virtual breakthrough series collaborative." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 32, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-01-2018-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to improve the Siloam Hospitals’ (SHs) patient satisfaction index (PSI) and overcome Indonesia’s geographical barriers. Design/methodology/approach The topic was selected for reasons guided by the Institute of Healthcare Improvement virtual breakthrough series collaborative (VBSC). Subject matter experts came from existing global quality development in collaboration with sales and marketing, and talent management agencies/departments. Patient satisfaction (PS) was measured using the SH Customer Feedback Form. Data were analysed using Friedman’s test. Findings The in-patient (IP) department PSI repeated measures comparison during VBSC, performed using Friedman’s test, showed a statistically significant increase in the PSI, χ2 = 44.00, p<0.001. Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted with a Bonferroni correction applied, which resulted in a significant increase between the baseline and action phases (Z=3.317, p=0.003) between the baseline and continuous improvement phases (Z=6.633, p<0.001), and between the action and continuous improvement phases (Z=3.317, p=0.003), suggesting that IP PSI was continuously increasing during all VBSC phases. Like IP PSI, the out-patient department PSI was also continuously increasing during all VBSC phases. Research limitations/implications The VBSC was not implemented using a control group. Factors other than the VBSC may have contributed to increased PS. Practical implications The VBSC was conducted using virtual telecommunication. Although conventional breakthrough series might result in better cohesiveness and commitment, Indonesian geographical barriers forced an alternative strategy, which is much more cost-effective. Originality/value The VBSC, designed to improve PS, has never been implemented in any Indonesian private hospital group. Other hospital groups might also appreciate knowing about the VBSC to improve their PSI.

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Zhang, Jiawen, Haoqing Yang, Jing Li, Jiamiao Hu, Guanyuan Lin, Bee K. Tan, and Shaoling Lin. "Current Perspectives on Viable but Non-Culturable Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria: A Review." Foods 12, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061179.

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Foodborne diseases caused by foodborne pathogens pose risks to food safety. Effective detection and efficient inactivation of pathogenic bacteria has always been a research hotspot in the field of food safety. Complicating these goals, bacteria can be induced to adopt a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under adverse external environmental stresses. When in the VBNC state, pathogens cannot form visible colonies during traditional culture but remain metabolically active and toxic. The resulting false negative results in growth-related assays can jeopardize food safety. This review summarizes the latest research on VBNC foodborne pathogens, including induction conditions, detection methods, mechanism of VBNC formation, and possible control strategies. It is hoped that this review can provide ideas and methods for future research on VBNC foodborne pathogenic bacteria.

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Löffler, Maximilian T., Alina Jacob, Andreas Scharr, Nico Sollmann, Egon Burian, Malek El Husseini, Anjany Sekuboyina, et al. "Automatic opportunistic osteoporosis screening in routine CT: improved prediction of patients with prevalent vertebral fractures compared to DXA." European Radiology 31, no. 8 (January 28, 2021): 6069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07655-2.

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Abstract Objectives To compare spinal bone measures derived from automatic and manual assessment in routine CT with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in their association with prevalent osteoporotic vertebral fractures using our fully automated framework (https://anduin.bonescreen.de) to assess various bone measures in clinical CT. Methods We included 192 patients (141 women, 51 men; age 70.2 ± 9.7 years) who had lumbar DXA and CT available (within 1 year). Automatic assessment of spinal bone measures in CT included segmentation of vertebrae using a convolutional neural network (CNN), reduction to the vertebral body, and extraction of bone mineral content (BMC), trabecular and integral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and CT-based areal BMD (aBMD) using asynchronous calibration. Moreover, trabecular bone was manually sampled (manual vBMD). Results A total of 148 patients (77%) had vertebral fractures and significantly lower values in all bone measures compared to patients without fractures (p ≤ 0.001). Except for BMC, all CT-based measures performed significantly better as predictors for vertebral fractures compared to DXA (e.g., AUC = 0.885 for trabecular vBMD and AUC = 0.86 for integral vBMD vs. AUC = 0.668 for DXA aBMD, respectively; both p < 0.001). Age- and sex-adjusted associations with fracture status were strongest for manual vBMD (OR = 7.3, [95%] CI 3.8–14.3) followed by automatically assessed trabecular vBMD (OR = 6.9, CI 3.5–13.4) and integral vBMD (OR = 4.3, CI 2.5–7.6). Diagnostic cutoffs of integral vBMD for osteoporosis (< 160 mg/cm3) or low bone mass (160 ≤ BMD < 190 mg/cm3) had sensitivity (84%/41%) and specificity (78%/95%) similar to trabecular vBMD. Conclusions Fully automatic osteoporosis screening in routine CT of the spine is feasible. CT-based measures can better identify individuals with reduced bone mass who suffered from vertebral fractures than DXA. Key Points • Opportunistic osteoporosis screening of spinal bone measures derived from clinical routine CT is feasible in a fully automatic fashion using a deep learning-driven framework (https://anduin.bonescreen.de). • Manually sampled volumetric BMD (vBMD) and automatically assessed trabecular and integral vBMD were the best predictors for prevalent vertebral fractures. • Except for bone mineral content, all CT-based bone measures performed significantly better than DXA-based measures. • We introduce diagnostic thresholds of integral vBMD for osteoporosis (< 160 mg/cm3) and low bone mass (160 ≤ BMD < 190 mg/cm3) with almost equal sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional thresholds of quantitative CT as proposed by the American College of Radiology (osteoporosis < 80 mg/cm3).

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Nazarenko, L. G., and K. M. Nedorezov. "Optimization of clinical approach to women with a history of caesarean section." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(113) (September 30, 2016): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2016.113.62.

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The artikle presents study allowance reducing the frequency of cesarean delivery (CD) by implementing practices vaginal birth in women after caesarean section (VBAC), with improved functional test for status uterine scar. The objective: to determine the influence of the number VBAC the overall level of the CD, the opportunity to refine prognosis for success VBAC based functional evaluation of the uterus and fetal at full-term pregnancy. Patients and methods. Was held cohort study material for hospital of 2 lewel of perinatal care for 2008-2015., in terms of introducing VBAC practices, and (2) a investigation of two groups of women for assessing perfusion in cervix and low segment of uterine Doppler influenced by contraction test. Results. Implementation VBAC institution 2 of perinatal care resulting in lower frequency in 25%. Successful attempt of VBAC have 51.6%, unsuccessful in 9.3% of the women with a uterine scar, elective repeat the CD performed in 39.1%. There is increasing lewel in the percentage of women with a history of the CD in the study cohort - from 4.1% in 2008 to 6.5% in 2014. Posted pathogenetic base for hemodynamic assessment cervics and low segment of uterine areas in contracting test as adequate modern approach to prognosis successful attempt successful attempts for the mother and fetus. Conclusions. The proposed test can objectively assess the chances of successful attempt VBAC to form arguments to try VBAC or repeat CD. Key words: cesarean section, uterine cervix, vaginal delivery, prognosos.

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WONG, HIN-CHUNG, CHI-TSUNG SHEN, CHIA-NI CHANG, YEONG-SHENG LEE, and JAMES D. OLIVER. "Biochemical and Virulence Characterization of Viable but Nonculturable Cells of Vibrio parahaemolyticus." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 2430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.11.2430.

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne pathogen frequently causing outbreaks in summer. Maintenance of virulence by the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state of this pathogen would allow its threat to human health to persist. This study reports on the change in virulence and concomitant changes in activity of two enzymes and fatty acid profiles when V. parahaemolyticus ST550 entered the VBNC state in the modified Morita mineral salt–0.5% NaCl medium incubated at 4°C. The major change in fatty acid composition occurred in the first week, with a rapid increase in C15:0 fatty acid and saturated/unsaturated ratio while a rapid decrease in C16:1 was observed. The activity level of the inducible protective enzyme superoxide dismutase became undetectable in the VBNC state, whereas that of constitutive glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase did not change in either the exponential phase or the VBNC state. Cytotoxicity against HEp-2 cells and a suckling mouse assay showed that virulence was lowered in the VBNC state compared with exponential-phase cells. Longer incubation times were required by the VBNC cells to achieve the same level of virulence as seen in exponential-phase cells. Culturable cells were recovered on selective agar medium from the VBNC cultures injected into suckling mice, probably as the result of in vivo resuscitation. Results of this study add to our understanding of the biochemical and physiological changes that have not been reported when V. parahaemolyticus enters into the VBNC state.

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Journal articles on the topic 'VBMC'

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