Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vazimba (Peuple de Madagascar)'
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Ratrimoarivony, Mialy Nirina. "La Lémurie, Terre des Esprits : les enjeux spatio-culturels d'une réappropriation de l'identité autochtone à Madagascar : étude sur des sites sacrés naturels de Kalanoro, Zazavavindrano et Vazimba." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30065.
Full textThe spirit of Lemuria is based on the respect of life under all its expressions : spirit, human, nature. In Madagascar, those values are best embodied by the natural sacred sites, territories of the Manankasina, spirits of the nature. The forest and caves of the Kalanoro, streams, lakes and springs of the Zazavavindrano, aquatic and ground spaces of the Vazimba, are then protected and governed by taboos and rituals. But this “land of the spirits” is also a “land of the ancestors”. The Manankasina, maintain relations with their descendants, the Malagasy people, and organize indigenous communities between tompon-drano, managers of the water, and tompon-tany, managers of the land. This study tries to redefine the spatial and cultural bases of the Malagasy Mother-Land, and analyses their evolution, facing centralist and profaner colonial migrations. It specifies the functioning of the indigenous territory, by using a methodology of approach based on oral tradition (myths, tales, proverbs) and the study of the rites and the spiritual structures, connected with the natural space. It is a comparative work which evokes ancient submerged continents as Lemuria, and arouses reflections about the preservation of a cultural foundation of Gondwana
Elli, Luigi. "Une civilisation du boeuf : les Bara de Madagascar : difficultés et perspectives d'une évangélisation /." Fianarantsoa : Ambozontany, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39143767j.
Full textJaovelo-Dzao, Robert. "Les Rites d'invocation et de possession chez les Sakalava du nord de Madagascar." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594825k.
Full textMauro, Didier. "Madagascar, le theatre du peuple : l'art hira gasy entre rebellion et tradition." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030089.
Full textJaovelo-Dzao, Robert. "Mythes, rites et transes à Madagascar : Angano, Joro et Tromba, Sakalava /." Antananarivo : Paris : Ed. Ambozontany ; Karthala, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358337868.
Full textBibliogr. p. 377-382.
Charles, Clément Séverin. "Les Mahafale de l'Onilahy : des clans au Royaume, du XVIe siècle à la conquête coloniale (Sud-Ouest de Madagascar)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010516.
Full textTaillade, Jean-Jacques. "Les dynamiques dans la gestion de l'espace et des ressources naturelles sur les interfluves de l'Ouest malgache : Cas des éleveurs Sakalava du Menabé." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30064.
Full textThe problems linked to the preservation of the natural vegetation in the west of madagascar can be seen in many different ways. Forms of made-man degradation, most visible in some sectors, tend to demonstrate that the environment/society interface corresponds to man's aggressive action and leads to the progressive disappearance of sylvan areas. However, the dry forest, despite several centuries of human occupation, still occupies vast surfaces. Arboroginal societies, sakalava and pre-sakalava, are known to have made great use of the forest. The value of this environment was undoubtedly acknowledged by these populations who had enforced rules enabling them to define limits to lumbering. Several external factors (colonisation, migrations, appearance of free market) have contribued to the evolution of human behaviours towards more aggressiveness and less respect for the natural vegetation. Although this trend is general, there is also a resistance from big sakalava graziers, anxious to avoid redistribution of prosperity, who regards themselves as the supporters of a traditiona and "ecological" management of the forest, and develop new strategies to use space in order to appropriate the main forest-clad mountains in the area
Gros, Le. "Guérir chez les Antemoro de Matatana." Paris, INALCO, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INAL0010.
Full textRéau, Bertrand. "Dégradation de l'environnement forestier et réactions paysannes : les migrants tandroy sur la côte ouest de Madagascar." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30002.
Full textThe dry, deciduous primeval forest along the western coast of madagascar is today a vegetable patrimony on the brink of extinction. The confirmed degradation of the primeval forests of central menabe, particularly south of the kabatomena is mostly due to the tandroy migrants clearers from the south of the island who practise the migratory culture of corn on burnt-out clearings. The reports are alarming : out of the 153 250 acres of the 1960 forest there only remained in 1994, 62 250 acres that is a bare 40% of the amount. South of the mangoky river, the situation is just as serious : 45% of the whole mikea forest area have already been destroyed. The stalled economy resulting from the nation's crisis is in fact the context of the tandroy migrants clearers' habits end behaviour. For the resourceless migrants, access to the land stands as one of the major challenges to take up and the only land available can only be claimed from the burnt-out forest. The whole land policy of the country is what is actually to be blamed for this process. The chief purpose of the tandroy migrants is the purchase od zebus, a downright cultural aspiration. The sacrifice of the forest is for them the sole means to ensure the ritual sacrifice of the ox. Burning for cattle, such is the basic justification of the destructive customs of the tandroy clearers. Hence the deliberate strategy of alliances and compromises with the "tompontany" even if it is bound to generate a few cultural distortions as far as customs and age-old rituals are concerned. There is no eradicating the roots of the evil without, first and foremost, dealing with the real prospects for a lasting development of the barren lands of androy, which is the starting point of the galeful migrations. This is the only way to combine the possession of cattle, the reward of the funeral and the preservation of the forest environment
Randriamananoro-Rabesahala, Charlotte Liliane. "Le site d'Ambohimanga-Rova : approche anthropologique de la civilisation merina, Madagascar." La Réunion, 2002. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/02_15_Rabesahala.pdf.
Full textNativel, Didier. "Maisons royales, demeures des grands à Madagascar : l'inscription de la réussite sociale dans l'espace urbain de Tananarive au XIXe siècle." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070144.
Full textMerina and domestic architecture has known deep changes throughout the nineteenth century. The shape and conceiving of the places dans houses of those who belonged to the tananarive elite was mostly breaking with the past. The buildings of a bigger and bigger size started being erected in more varied and resistant materials (brick and stone at the end of the century). Those technical dans cultural breaks were decided more than undergone by the sovereigns dans the powerful, strenthening their power indeed by increasing the mobilization of the population, the merina craftsmen, but also of the european architects, to the advantage of the latter-besides, palaces and spacious dwellings have displayed the mastery of higher prestigious techniques and aesthetics from abroad, i. E the indian ocean, the west. Standing out in 1895, france has had to manage with those various contributions which make the capital of the colony a truly original place where tradition and modernity mix
Rejela, Michel. "La pêche traditionnelle Vezo du sud-ouest de Madagascar : un système d'exploitation depassé ?" Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30037.
Full textThe traditional vezo fishing activity, the main one for this half-nomad fishermen population, who live on the exploitation of the fishing resources of the coastal sea (enriched by the presence of mangroves and of corallian reefs), must develop to face a growing demand of local, national and international origin. Changes of the alimentary habits among some social groups within the country, are due to the general demographic boom, and also to the increasing meat prices ; this partly explains this growth of demand that is hardly satisfied by offer. Yet, the fishing resources of the zee are far from being over exploited because traditional fishermen are unable to go very far from the coast. To this one must add old techniques and methods, the absence of sailing equipment, captures techniques reminding ancient periods, the lack of technical training for the vezo traditional fishermen, who stick to empirism. Is the existing type of fishing is an obsolete exploitation system? we would answer : "far from it", since it retains a major importance insomuch as concurrence from a more efficient industrial system cannot be effective, owing to the lack of large fish concentration to be exploited, and also because the national consumers only have very low incomes. In such conditions, traditional fishing, providing the local populations with marine and fresh water products, must be developped. This qualitative and quantitative development will not take place without
Thomas, Auguste. "Jeux traditionnels et éducation des enfants Tésaka." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H039.
Full textWhen observing our pupils of the school of Manasoa, two facts have drawn our attention. 1- The children stay inactive during the beaks because they haven't any games. 2- After their study, whatever the issue leave their region to live elsewhere. That is why we're trying to introduce in the old pratices in school to re-establish traditional culture which would enable to have a better understanding of teaching programme and a better appreciation of their environment
Ratrimoarivony-Rakotondrainibe, Mamy. "Relation entre la société et l'éducation avant la colonisation dans la province de l'Imérina à Madagascar." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H031.
Full textRazanatsoazaka, Olga. "L'éducation en pays Betsimisaraka." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H103.
Full textGoedefroit, Sophie. "La société Sakalava du Menabe : approche anthropologique d'un ensemble régional de Madagascar." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010569.
Full textThe sakalava society of Menabe, the remains of an ancient kingdom, has not been spared from the deep upheavals which have weakened the foundations of the island of Madagascar since the begining of the century. This work is a study of one micro-region located in the heart of the central menabe. Firstly, the various stages in the changes of this society will be studied. Secondly, I will try to define the characteristics of the "logics" which exist in the organization of the socio-territorial groups. These "logics" give a particular structure to these groups. Relics of an ancient order and ideology or the resugence of past ways once superseded, reordered, adapted through a century ? This work, through the ethnographical microclimate and through the words of the locals, poses a number of questions concerning the regional particularism. I will then give a critical opinion on the recurrence of the social structures and the ideological forms that exist throughout Menabe. The comparison with the other societies of madagascar strengthens the relevance of the concept of a micro-region in madagascar
Andrianarison, Nirina F. "Le royaume de Madagascar sous le ministériat de Rainilaiarivony (1864-1895) : modernisation de l'Etat, clientélisme exploitation du peuple et réactions d'opposition." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070119.
Full textThroughout the nineteenth century. Madagascar has been marked by the existence of a unitarian state implanted in Imerina around 1817 with the help of the british. Having concluded an alliance with the reigning dynasty, a few representatives of the free men from the north eastern part of the Imerina managed to reach the highest ranks in the political hierarchy, monopolizing gradually the wheels of an administration in the process of modernization, following relationships, the politics class, headed by Rainilaiarivony, reinforced its control over the kingdom's economic and political affairs from 1864 onwards. The merina government managed to establish its authority by reorganizing the administration and by adopting a set of institutions inherited from the past (duty-army) or inspired by foreign models (schools and churches). Getting weaker and weaker, particularly vis-a-vis France, the merina government was cut off from its own people; those in power were more worried about their position as a dominant class and they neglected the proper functioning of the administration. As a result, the governmental system became even more oppressive and thus widened the gap between the state and the society. The latent violent reactions (banditry and vandalism) were due to the intensification of the duty and the. .
Razafindralambo, Lolona Nathalie. "La notion d'esclave en Imerina (Madagascar) : ancienne servitude et aspects actuels de la dépendance." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100183.
Full textThe old merina society was divided into four hierarchical groups. The andevo ("slaves") formed the lowest rank. Despite the 1896 abolition of slavery, the term "andevo" is still used in present-day Imerina along with the other terms which designated the former masters. The former slaves who did not leave the villages of their masters alter abolition, had to legitimize their presence. They adopted former master criteria of identity: ancestors, tomb and land. In spite of this newly acquired identity former slave descendants do not obtain the same position as former master descendants. The latter keep the former in their ancient position of dependants in order to maintain their own position as ancient dominants
Noiret, François. "Les chants "zafindraony" du Sud-Betsileo (Madagascar)." Paris, INALCO, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INAL0004.
Full textThe region of Betsileo is famous throughout the island of Madagascar for its Zafindraony songs. These christian songs, a creation of the people which arise without clerical control, reflect the cultural and social history of the region during the last century. The thesis dedicates, to begin with, five chapters to the history of the genre zafindraony : to its birth (I), to its performance today (II), to its place in Betsileo literature whence it has emerged (III), to its complex position within a bi-polarised society (IV and V). The second part, a literary analysis examines 180 songs gleaned from their context. The approach is in part ethnological, in part literary, the performance of the songs allowing the effect of their oral nature to be grasped. The corpus is arranged according to the citerea : oral (traditional) and written (imported). Whilst protestantism, attached to the written word, rejects narrativity in favour of prayer and wisdom, the action of a few jesuit missionaries (H. Dubois) has released amongst the catholics a powerful current of creation of song tales (above a biblical) in which the oral character seeks to reemerge, particularly in songs of the death and resurrection of the great hero Rajeso (Jesus). The common inspiration of these tantara (stories) is the strength of the aina, the malagasy life-force current that is expressed in the emulation of rival groups, the alternation of choirs and of voices, the theme of the stories (the reversal of a situation, sacrifices, fights) and the circumstances of their performance (song competitions, evening gatherings, funerals). All these together have as their end the anatra, the advice, in which the traditional objectives of malagasy wisdom : the socio-cosmic integration of the individual and the maintenance of social cohesion (fihavanana), are expressed in christian terms. An authentically malagasy fruit of the meeting of cultures, these songs show that in Betsileo "to sing is to conquer death. "
Tisseau, Violaine. "Le pain et le riz : métis et métissage, entre "Européens" et Malgaches, dans les Hautes Terres centrales de Madagascar aux 19e et 20e siècles." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070063.
Full textThe purpose of our work is to show how metis in the Central Highlands of Madagascar were able to reclassify relatively easily thanks to a sociality partly free from the control of colonial authorities and to Merina society organization. In the first part, we show how miscegenation emerges as a source of concern for the colonial authorities. Merina society, considered a closed one, bas built itself in connection with foreigners. Métis only become a threat - although more fantasized than real - after identities crystallize at the dawn of official colonization and after the foundations of the colony are set up. In a second part, we explain how the various actors of the colonization try to contain the "question des metis". First they regard it as a social problem that needs to be addressed by taking care of the metis, then as a legal problem which leads to establish the "metis" category as a legal one. Parents of metis and metis evolve in a colonial space that is strongly structured by these two actions, but they take advantage of it by developing strategies to acquire French citizenship. Finally, while the authorities see the metis group as homogeneous, we show that this view is partly wrong by studying their matrimonial strategies, living standards and lifestyles. The way they live day-to-day is indeed representative of their reclassifying into one or another of the existing communities, and their mobilizing of their various identities depending upon the situations
Razafindratiana, Isabelle. "Enquête sur l'alternance codique Antakarana-Français à Antsiranana (Madagascar) : aspects morpho-syntaxiques et sociolinguistiques." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21015.
Full textThis research focuses on the linguistic community of Antsiranana (northeast of Madagascar) and the code-switching between the Antakarana dialects and French which is frequently practiced in this community. Basing her investigations on a corpus of authentic recordings, the author begins with a morph syntactic analysis in which she attempts to establish an exhaustive typology of code-switching (inter-and intra-utterance; short stretches of alternation based on the verb, the nominal group or on other categories of discourse, etc. ) in order to determine the conditions and the functional rationales of their occurrence, and to set up zones of compatibility and incompatibility between the two languages. The sociolinguistic analysis of the corpus draws on a questionnaire aimed at determining the competence of the informants, their degree of awareness of switching, and the goals of this practice. An analysis of the discourse strategies employed and of their various communicative functions, (speaker involvement, message adjustment, affirmation of an identity, etc) is presented. This makes it possible to appreciate the sociolinguistic value of the corpus and its shortcomings
Rakotovao, Roland. "Anarandray et Tanindrazana à Madagascar : l'identité des migrants Betsileo en Imerina pendant la période coloniale (1895-1960)." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070002.
Full textThis study tries to analyse the northern Betsileo's identity, group of migrant from the Central part of Madagascar (Fisakana and Ambositra) during the colonial period. From their Tanindrazana ( ancestor's land or home village), they are different from the other groups' population thanks to the importance they gave to the Anarandray ( inheritance linked to the paternal descendants). When they arrived in the welcoming land ( Imerina), they bear out their northern Betsileo's identity within association. This affection to their Tanindrazana was testify by there periodic corne back and the enhancement of the value of the Anarandray. To show these affections they build new constructions and organise huge feast. The definitive migrant create new identity by getting marriage with the members of the welcoming group and the foundation of a new Anarandray. In Depth, Colonisation changed deeply the Betsileo's society because the lands' licence number foundation of the identity and the economy monetarization lead to a society sentencing upon the individual requirements. The definition on the Identity is anymore define as physical inheritance only, but also by reputation leads by success
Raharison, Lucien. "Héritage foncier, évolution du paysage agraire et de la paysannerie en Imenina (hautes terres centrales de Madagascar) de la fin du 19e siècle aux années 1990." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070018.
Full textIn this study, we would to show clearly, on the one hand, the predominance of the succession over the landownership in Imerina(high land in Central Madagascar), in spite of, on the other hand, the development of the sale of land. The two most practiced modes of access to landownership in Imerina seem to be contradictory whereas in fact they are complementary. The sale of land seems at first sight, contrary to patriony of inheritance principles. The sale of land is one of adaptations to customary principles in order to preserve the social bond despite the economic difficulties in the sense that the sale of lands is not allowed except by local people's agreement. There is endo-transferability but not exo-transferability. In that sense the land is not (or not entirely) a property, therefore we can't talk about land market. Seing an integral part of standards a value System, centuries old practice, the inheritance has evolved with the time. Until when will the rule of endo-transferability resist to the pressure of market and to the obligation of the permanent revival of social bonds ? Problems of ration evolution between inheritance, sales of land and other mode of access to landownership involve in having interest both in customary right and in contemporary one on its every aspect. Other factors have also to be taken into account within a entire scope of the custom. In our methodology, we have worked on source of documents such as: Land registry Lists and records of local delegates, monographies. All those things have been examined and completed by the investigations
Rolland, Dominique. "Matitanana : anthropologie historique du royaume Antemoro." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0084.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the evolution of the antemoro kingdom of the matitanana (madagascar) the state has been crated by different waves of emigration that came probably from islamic indonesia around the xvth century the first part of the thesis is an historical account of the organisation of the differant hierarchical categories (nobles, specialists of ritual, peasants, parias) wich are strongly interdependant. After the xixth century lower-classes riot, the categories became impermeable ; but, nowadays, the field work reveals that lower classes are, though free from the domination of upper classes, have difficulties in form a new position in society. They continue to perpetuate former relationship at the symbolical level. This thesis proposes an historiccal and anthropological vision of this syncretic society, and poses the question of the diffusioin of political patterns on the east ern malagasy coast. The antemoro were not the only islamic people who attempted to settle on that coast ; the thesis suggest why they where so successful where others were not
Marikandia, Louis. "Contribution à la connaissance des Vezo du Sud-Ouest de Madagascar : histoire et société de l'espace littoral du Fiherena au dix-huitième et au dix-neuvième siècles." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010545.
Full textRasoamampionona, Clarisse. "Les mpitantara locaux dans le sud Betsileo Madagascar : Approche ethnographique de la philosophie et de la pratique des gardiens de la tradition." Paris, INALCO, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAL0029.
Full textBallarin, Marie-Pierre. "Les reliques royales sakalava : source de légitimation et enjeu de pouvoir : (Madagascar, XVIIIème-XXème)." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070094.
Full textThe sakalava royal symbolic is expressed in the conservation of deceased kings remains. These regalia are probably a typical example of the ever present relationship to ancestors in western malagasy societies. In the sakalava societies, the cult of relics was practised by the inhabitants of the west of madagascar before the formation of dynasties. This cult will be promoted as a royal culte in the course of the constitution of the kingdoms. As medieval saints in europe, the royal ancestor, through his relics, protects not only the royal descent but also the subjects as a whole. The agricultural protection provided by the relics cult becomes an instrument of political legitimisation for the dynasties. From then onwards, the remains of the royal body are kept in a reliquary and play a fundamental role in the practice of power. Source of legitimisation or legitimising source, what role will the relics play after the lose of souvereignty that follows the merina and frenh conquests ? by 1882, the french and the merina have entered into a bitter struggle for the keeping of the relics, a useful to maintain the submission of the sakalava population. At last, in the wake of independence, the legitimising role of these regalia again applies again in the context of the new stakes of power. In moments of political crisis, the relics of the sakalava kings, and more globally, the royal symbolic, constitute the main reference of in-fights and alliances. Stressing the ambivalence between power and religion, still a relevant topic today, we will see the lasting efficiency of these ancien ideological principles in today's local context. Today, the possession of relics remains locally a major stake and a force of legitimisation. It is therefore in a broad historical context that this attempt to understand the relationship with ancestors is located
Ratsimbazafy, Ernest. "Deux pratiques traditionnelles de combat à Madagascar : Savika du Betsiléo et Moraingy du Menabe : significations historiques, sociales et culturelles." La Réunion, 2006. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/06_12-ratsimbasafi-2.pdf.
Full textOur study is centered upon very specifie traditional fight practices called « savika » which is a form of fight between a rnan and a bull in the region of Amoron'i Mania, and the one called « moraingy » in the region of Menace. The analysis of practices components enlightens much more on malagasy cultures and traditions and take part in the conservation of national heritage. It enhances the existence of hierarchy in thé social organization, forms a means of educating and will contribute to the increase of value of the national culture which is a condition for a better regional, continental and Worldwide insertion. The study of thèse physical practices can't now be separated from medical and supernatural rituals which go with them, The roles and functions of thé "ombiasa" - a mindreader and/or a healer who is a magic being and ancestors messenger are enlightened with the rituals related to them, such as "fady" or taboo. The historical popularity and longevity of these practices are to be related to their ability of rallying the collective identifies in condensing a maximum of values and symbolic stakes. They evoluated through the process of oral transmission and rituals, and in the present moment their evolution indicates the paroxysmal keen interest for these forms of traditionnal fight, their expansion and their national and international popularity
Delcroix, Françoise. "Les cérémonies lignagères et la crise de l'élevage bovin extensif en pays Sakalava Menabe, Madagascar." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0005.
Full textFor centuries, extensive pastoral activities amongst the sakalava from menabe aimed at hoarding zebus for ceremonial killing. Zebus sacrifice is the core of sakalava's social organisation. Today pastoral crisis gives way to a new social hierarchy. The zebu's high value in ceremonial ideology was not affected by the decreasing number of herds. This thesis explores the sakalava's social organisation, pastoral activities, nad lineage ceremonial cycle. It draws a comparison between rituals and their transformations in crisis time. It thesis examines the bases of patronage relationship, the importance of ancestors as keepers of a social order, and the development of rice growing as an alternative to accumulate zebus. Fieldwork was carried in three areas, each of which representative of a different level of socioeconomic change in the menabe. Comparative data are used to show that development programs are successfully undermined by local power holders for their own purpose. This thesis was part of research done by l'equipe de recherche associee from tulear,it selects ceremonies as the key element of lineage systems in order to analyze social change, as the necessary step prior to any development project
Raison-Jourde, Françoise. "Construction nationale, idéntité chrétienne et modernité : Le premier XIXè siècle malgache." Lyon 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO31006.
Full textThis work is a reassesment of precolonial history during the xixth century when the malagasy kingdom became christian. First concerned by technological and intellectual improvements (1817-1835), then offensed by their religious teaching, the power became christian in 1869 at the end of a process which is still mysterious. The approach also concerns minor groups of christians like the catholics. The purpose is to understand the evolution of the state, of the elites, of the peasants and of the conquered territories. After 1869 the work focuses on the territorial and social progression of protestantism which owes much to the pattern of the parish and to the lively interactions between town and country life. It compares the new means of communication : primary schools, secondary schools, books and reviews, with the traditional means, mainly kabary (speeches) and singing which are far more important in their impact. The last part of the work is devoted to the reactions of the rural population. Everybody wants to be baptised like the queen, but the blow of several epudemics leads the crowds to an interpretation in terms of punishment by the ancestors. The famadihana is a ceremony more and more practised to please the ancestors
Lannuzel, Pascale. "La place des activités de pêche dans l'aménagement de la côte orientale de Madagascar : Etude de la région Betsimisaraka entre Toamasina et Antalaha." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES1003.
Full textIn the first part of the dissertation, the customs and activities of local communities are described in relation to their environment, the eastern coast of Madagascar. The North Betsimisaraka appears to be a potentially rich region. In this region, during the period of french colonisation, inhabitants were encouraged to grow products for exportation (e. G. Vanilla) rather than eating products for self-sufficiency. Since independance, this agricultural pattern persists; while road circulation conditions deteriorate in the region, an increase in sea transport compensates for road deficiencies. The second part of the dissertation describes the three sectors of sea fishing. Traditionnal fishing progressively developed in the coastal areas during the sixties and is most of the time complementary to agriculture practises. Traditional fishing can be considered as a solution to the pauperisation of local communities. More recently, local fishing and industrial shrimp fishing target extra-regional and export markets as a priority. Finally, the three fishing sectrors are at the origin of a tangle of sea products distribution networks from the North Betsimsaraka. The third part of the dissertation attempts to emphasize assets and liabilities of the studied area, considering its future. The sixth and final chapter broadens the examination of country planning for the eastern coast of Madagascar to the whole country. Relating the history of the development policies imposed on Madagascar since colonisation allows a better understanding of the actual situation and helps to define the complexity of the task still to be done for malagasy people, of whom a large majority live under the poverty level, before they are able to simply enjoy well-being
Somda, Dominique. "Le réel serait passé. Le secret de l’esclavage et l’imagination de la société (Anôsy, Madagacar)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100199/document.
Full textThis thesis main concern is the obsession for slavery in an otherwise egalitarian society. The Tanôsy of South Madagascar are constantly working to build a social world in which no differences between people of free descent and people of slave descent would remain. This is obvious in their zealous democratic and Christian practices. Christianity and Democracy may be considered as a true scene of equality. Tanôsy egalitarianism is somewhat tempered by a pervasive ethic of honour. Lineage autonomy, for that reason, is more seek about than modern equality. A constant fear of shame justifies some group differences and the hierarchy between these groups. But the hierarchy is not perceived as persistent anymore. Tanôsy also share a secret of slavery which is here seen as a relational setting as well as a knowledge configuration. Identity of the former slaves is transmitted in spite of restrictive constraints and protocol. Kings, in the other hand, are forgotten, merely seen nowadays as heroes of fairy tales without genealogy. No place of memory could be found here; a landscape of suspicion, instead, may be experimented. This landscape is expressive of a specific ontology. The secret of slavery should be considered as a way to recreate the original foundation and to imagine the future of society
Tsaboto, Jean. "Mutation sociale et politique de la société antemoro au XIXe siècle (Sud-Est de Madagascar)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0179.
Full textIn the South-East of Madagascar, in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries, a political balance was established between nobles and commoners, in the Antemoro kingdom, founded by descendants of islamized immigrants, and in the Antesaka kingdom built up by Maroseràña who came from the West Coast. The violent irruption of the Merina power, whose administration controlles foreign trade, set up taxes and fatigues (after 1824), and introduced chritianity and schooling (1878), disrupted these societies. Internal elements added to these external factors, connected with balance of power between social strata and with fights in order to control men and rice-fields. The policy of the Merina government, which chose to get support from the nobles in the Antemoro and Antesaka countries, and from the Zafisoro in the Farafangana, worsened the gap between social groups. Tensions gave birth to conflicts that population mobility and influence of Christian ideology turned into revolutionary wars. The Antemoro (in 1851, 1883, 1894, periods of crisis between Madagascar and France) and Antesaka commoners (in 1895) managed to break up hierarchies of their kingdoms and set free their slaves with whom they formed new social groups. These groups built up "royal" structures in the Antesaka (1895) and Antemoro (1937) regions. In the Frafangana area, since 1852, tension between Antefasy and Zafisoro has benn permanent. The afternath of these conflicts still affects the whole region today; they are worsened by demographic presure on arable land
Mangalaza, Eugène Régis. "Vie et mort chez les Betsimisaraka : rupture et continuité." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR21003.
Full textWhen our body has breathed its final breath and has became first a "living corpse" (tambelon-paty), then "scattered bones" (taholam-balo) and finally "dust" (vovo-draha) what do we ourselves become? Far from this being the end, death is for the Betsimisaraka just step towards ancestrality. In their thanatic myths, funeral rites and proverbs, the Betsimisaraka try to show the creative dimension of death as a source of initiatic renewal. Death, which is inseparable from life is the final event around which all human activity revolves, just as the earth is structured from the ancestral tomb. It is therefore by invoking millenary traditions, such as their funeral rites, that the Betsimisaraka hope to resist the challenge of both the modern world and ideological and technological upheavals of all kinds
Sylla, Yvette. "L'expérience catholique en terre Betsimisaraka (1933-1950) : les débuts de l'implantation montfortaine." Paris 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA01A005.
Full textRahamefy-Ramarolaly, Adolphe. ""Le Roi ne meurt pas" : étude des rites funéraires d'Isandra, d'après le manuscrit de l'anonyme Betsileo." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120017.
Full textThis thesis describes funerals rites of the betsileo's king; and unveils unknown power, and new relations between two kingdoms: merina and betsileo
Becquet, Delphine. "Devenir parent au 21e siècle, quelles perceptions et quels enjeux ? : étude comparative France-Madagascar." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0031.
Full textThe impact of individualism, greater equality in marriage, and a refusal of the restrictiveness of traditional marriage have led to a redefinition of the parental role in Western society, and have impacted children's expectations and their relationship to their surroundings. In this context, we have attempted to define the points of reference which orient and define the parent's role and their expectations towards their children. We interviewed parents in France and Madagascar (from the Tsimihety ethnic group) of children aged 0-6 years on various topics, including family life, experience as a couple, child development and educational methods employed on a daily basis. Due to the lack of available documentation on the Tsimihety culture, the project has provided monographical insight into the culture, ranging from psychology to anthropology
Randriamamonjy, Nivo. "Elevage bovin et exploitation d'un espace agropastoral dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar (région de Sakaraha)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR1GEO2.
Full textSambo, Clément. "Oralité et tradition des enfants malgaches : enquêtes chez les Tanosy des régions de Tolanaro et de Bezaha." Paris, INALCO, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INAL0011.
Full textThe study is based on a bilingual Malagasy and French corpus. Principal categories: children's bieliefs, puzzles, stories, mysteries, counting stories, singing with musical transcription, lexical. From these texts, I tried to show the basis of Tanosy area children's folklore inside the ethnological area. The civilization of the children is richer than is thought. The child is not the small person but the person in power. All the facets of the adult life can be retraced in form of games activities or oralities. In the first category, children initiale themselves without understanding the realities of society. The only way to seize those realities is to bielieve in them. These texts form positive and negative prescriptions which rule all the children's life. The second category forms among children a recreative, oral literature. Children are throwing coarse languages, exagerating the adults' clumsiness. But the more they grow up, the less the obscenities are interesting them. Sexual education is developing inside the children's society itself. There is a verbal liberty upon tabboo subjects.
Razafindrakoto, Jobonina. "La valiha de Madagascar : tradition et modernité en Imerina de 1820 à 1995 (études organologique, acoustique et socio-historique)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040049.
Full textEthnomusicology, as a scientific project, was, from the beginning, interested in similarities between spoken and musical languages. As a matter of fact, we may consider the musical instrument as a part of the musical production. So, we established a possible approach of the Malagasy culture based upon the acoustic object itself (organology allowed us to study its structure). Widespread in Madagascar, under different names, valiha is a secular instrument which came to us through many organologic and sociologic transformations. Made in Imerina, central highlands of the island, today very occidentalised, this study reveals a surprising paradox between tradition and modernity. That way, our monography on valiha tries to enlighten evolution of musical practices reported in Imerina from 1820 to 1995. On the one hand, we emphasized the historical point of view to point out how Merina people adapt themselves to change. On the other hand, we choosed specialities related to ethnomusicology like musical acoustics (which explains how the instrument and their sonorities are built) and semiology (which explains how the instrument can be symbolized). This wide set of descriptive and analytic tools had to be used to achieve this synthetic work on valiha. This synthesis gave us a thorough knowledge of Malagasy culture authenticity
Razafiarison, Aina Andrianavalona. "Apports des traditions particulières dans la compréhension des successions royales merina (XVIe-XIXe siècle) Madagascar." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010539.
Full textMichel-Andrianarahinjaka, Lucien Xavier. "Le système littéraire betsileo /." Fianarantsoa [Madagascar] : Éd. Ambozontany, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357654809.
Full textHerimanitra, Lyla. "Anthropologie de la filière Raphia : de la Brousse Malgache à Paris : acheter et vendre aux risques de la tradition et du fihavanana." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070020.
Full textThis thesis ams at studying raffia, from its extraction to its transformation into commercial goods of world standard, at raismg the human issues it creates and at bringing out the socio cultural heritages it embodies, through the real-life experience and the look of the men and women who earn their living thanks to the work raffia generates. Concretely speaking, this thesis is about trying, from an anthropologic point of view, to specify the links existing between the techniques used in the different stages for the transformation of raffia on the one hand and family, social and religious organisation on the other hand ; and to unveil the narrow and strong correlations linking the livings, their ancestors and raffia. Further than the mere description of observed situations and comportments, i consider bringing to light the direction peuple « social players » give to their lives and the symbols through which the» lives are lived concerning raffia. This work wants to reproduce the dynamics of the raffia network and to highlight the interactions of the different aspects of the social spaces touched by the exploitation of this plant fibre and its commerce. This process drives me to take the raffia path and to go back along this network. The only door to the rest of the world for these regions, and at the same time, to understand the meaning the commerce of raffia reveals concerning the madagascan traditional conception of economy. The production of raffia fibre, the inhabitants' unique source of income as well as its prints on daily life, such as life and death, are studied from the inside in their deepest recesses and subtleties
Legrip, Olivia. "(Dé)loger le mal : spatialité et pratiques religieuses de guérison en région betsileo (Madagascar)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22017/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to understand the modalities and the logics of arrangements in religious healing practices in Betsileo region, in the central highlands of Madagascar. In this context, the ritual treatments are offered by soothsayers-healers and possessed by family ancestors, royal ancestors and/or spirits of the nature, but also the exorcists of the lutheran protestant movement of Revival (fifohazana), who appeared in the Betsileo village of Soatanàna, in 1894. This research was principally conducted in the regional capital, Fianarantsoa, and its surroundings. This study aims, by examining religio-therapeutic process, to investigate the juxtaposition of healing methods in spite of impervious discourses. Therapeutic itineraries lead patients to treatment rooms in soothsayers-healers’ homes, to reception rooms of the Revival movement, to public places of worship (in the city of Fianarantsoa and surrounding forest areas), to herbalist market stalls in urban areas, or tohospitals and dispensaries. Thus, the central dimension of religious territoriality appears as central to these cumulative logics in the Betsileo region, in Madagascar, but also in Malagasy Protestant Church abroad (FPMA). In this sense, the relation to religious-therapeutic is constructed in a globalized world and is negociated with the codes of biomedicine
Monginot, Pauline. "Artiste ou mpanakanto ? : construction sociale et stylistique de la figure du peintre dans les villes des Hautes Terres malgaches : l'exemple de Tananarive (1880-1972)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC104.
Full textThis dissertation proposes to analyze the processes at work in the making of the painter identity in the Malagasy society, between the 1880s (when Europeans settle in Antananarivo) and 1972 (end of the first Republic of Madagascar). Painting is a recent activity in Madagascar: introduced in 1826 by Europeans, its history is deeply connected to colonization. However, painting becomes, for the merina society, an issue of defining social hierarchies and identities. Neither colonial artists, nor traditional craftsmen, Malagasy painters need yet to conform themselves to the norms imposed by colonial cultural policies, on the one hand, and by the usages granted to art in the merina society, on the other hand. They proceed between incarnating the figure of the estern artist and being mpanakanto, maker of beauty. It is a matter of analyzing the strategies established by these artists to make the most of the European and Malagasy resources in order to have a career and invent their own artistic identity. The study of the processes leading to the choices of such a career reveals the stakes and needs to which paint answers. These same processes contribute to defining the norms and models that the young discipline adopts. The history of painters questions also the role of art in the Malagasy society, whether it is on an economical (art market) or patrimonial level; the function they serve allows them to fit in society. It is also a question of considering the notions of group and individuality within a genuine “art world” [Becker ; 1988] characterized by intense transnational and regional flows. Thus, this reticular approach authorizes to rethink Malagasy Art History as pertaining to a more global perspective
Razanamanana, Marie Jeanne. "La littérature traditionnelle sakalava du Boina à travers les genres chantés /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35415719h.
Full textRazanamanana, Marie Jeanne. "La littérature traditionnelle sakalava du Boina à travers les genres chantés." Paris, INALCO, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INAL0014.
Full textRafidimalala, Isabelle Odette. "Logiques migratoires sur les hautes terres centrales de Madagascar : le cas des Zanakantitra de Ramainandro, depuis le début du XIXème siècle." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0025.
Full textThe degree of mobility within the Merina region is showed by the first agrarian reform leaded by the King Andrianampoinimerina in order to ensure the limits of the kingdom and organize its expansion in the 18th century. Territories, called lohombitany are at that time allotted to some groups by way of reward for the loyalty and service towards the sovereign. The Ramainandro, part of the Merina tribe are an excellent topic for a study about the contribution of migration. Their grouping in the west of the Ankaratra massif, due to the acquisition of a lohombitany under Radama I, conferred them a distinct status, confirmed by the emergence of the Christian intelligentsia and monks. Two main reasons can explain the exceptional rise of this tribe: on one hand, the catalyst role of the Christian missionary who chose Ramainandro as one of its favorite field; on the second hand, the French recognition resulting from the support given by a fraction of the group which helped to weaken the anti-French insurrection of the Menalamba, on the beginning of colonization. Currently, they continue to migrate without breaking with the territory assigned to them, retaining their identity in a remarkable way. The attachment to ancestral shrine and ancestral lands is an irrefutable proof of territorial belonging and group identity. In addition, the group carried out a detailed genealogy in order to justify their right to the lohombitany in question. Moreover, powerful networks of associations are founded to claim the status of Ramainandro. The genealogical study, biographical and life stories help to discover the portrait of Ramainandro tribe as formerly belonging to the groups of Ambodirano and Imerina
Esposito, La Rossa Maurizio. "L'or et l'argent : identifications dynastiques et relations hiérarchiques dans les royautés sakalava de Madagascar." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0159.
Full textHistory is often told by the victors. Even the history of the defeated is recounted either by the victors or by those survivors amongst the defeated who find themselves seated on the victor’s throne. Such is the case with the history of the Zafinifotsy, or "descendants of silver", to whom this study is dedicated. Identified, by a historiographical tradition, as belonging to a minor branch of Sakalava royalty, defeated by the "descendants of gold", these descendants of silver founded a new kingdom to the north of Madagascar in the middle of the 18th century: the Antankaraña kingdom. However, a number of these descendants of silver committed suicide by drowning themselves in a bay on the northwestern coast of the island. In this region, currently ruled by a monarchy of the descendants of gold (Zafinimena), a cult of possession is practiced to honour the spirits of these drowned nobles of the silver, former rivals of the rulers of gold. Faced with the political and economic crisis that Madagascar has undergone for the last several years, clan groups and political actors negotiate their legitimacy and current position in the post-colonial context of the Malagasy republican state through these dynastic categories of gold and silver. In carrying out royal rituals, the descendants of slaves and the servants of Sakalava royalty claim a conception of loyalty and work that differs from that imposed first by colonisation and then by the postcolonial state. National government representatives, on the other hand, draw on their aristocratic origins, and more generally on the history of kings, to legitimise their controversial power amongst the population. It is the ideology of royal power and social hierarchy mobilised by these actors that this thesis examines.Through the study of oral traditions and ritual activities in the different villages where this cult is performed, I analyse the historical and ritual relations between the dynastic or clan groups participants belong to. In visiting these different sites and, more broadly, the main historical capitals of the Sakalava royalty, I have realised a regressive history of the royal dynasties in question. The regressive history, inspired by the work of Marc Bloch and Nathan Wachtel, has revealed, on the basis of the contradictions emerging from oral traditions and ritual interactions, that these royal dynasties were originally functional and relative categories used to organise royal succession. This framework grants the descendants of gold the power to reign, and the descendants of silver that of legitimising the power of the former. This ambivalent hierarchy between these two categories of nobles is, moreover, shaped by the joking relationships that link the stranger kings of gold to the masters of the earth. It is at particular historical junctures that these structural and contextual categories crystallised into dynastic designations. This process of dynastisation was primarily driven by the descendants of silver who founded the Antankaraña kingdom, i.e. those who, defeated in ancient times, took to the throne of the victor. This ethnographic example therefore represents a concrete case of the "structure of the conjuncture" theorised by Marshall Sahlins.In conclusion, this study shines a new light on the founding and organisational mechanisms of Sakalava royal power, as well as the functional and structural character of these categories of "gold" and "silver", reified into effective dynastic groups in particular historical conjunctures. More generally, this thesis provides insight into the relational and contextual nature of hierarchy and individual and collective identities in Madagascar
Neposteri, Silvia. "Memoria e potere in Madagascar : tracce di storia nella tradizione arabico-malgascia (XV-XIX secolo)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF020/document.
Full textThe thesis presents some historical episodes concerning the Malagasy antemoro group from a privileged source: the Arabico-Malagasy manuscripts or sorabe from talily genre. The aim is to rediscover the historiographical and anthropological value of a native written tradition often confined to the margins of literature. Taking into consideration the functional details to understand antemoro social organization, and the introduction of writing in Madagascar and Arabico-Malagasy alphabet, three episodes are introduced: the settlement of antemoro ancestors on the banks of the lower Matitanana through the unpublished manuscript HB-6 ( Académie des Sciences d'Outre Mer) in the fifteenth century; the wars of the French general La Case (1659-1663) through the manuscripts published by Gallieni and 61.60.212 of the Musée de l'Homme; the use of writing by antemoro nobles in the merina court service (1790 ca.1828) through diplomatic documents written by the king Radama I (1810-1828) and his collaborators. The episodes are examined in depth thanks to the European archival records, oral traditions and ethnographic reports, to communicate the micro-history of sorabe texts with general historical processes, in the long term (XV-XIX century). This allows the highlighting of historiographical value of the manuscripts and the unique historical information contained therein. At the same time, the anthropological attention permits the pointing out of the social role of the Arabico-Malagasy writing: it has been used by antemoro noble groups as a connecting tool for past, present and future to create a memory aimed at keeping political and cultural dynamics in their favor