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Journal articles on the topic 'Vascular contrast imaging'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Martin, Randolph P., and Stamatios Lerakis. "Contrast for vascular imaging." Cardiology Clinics 22, no. 2 (May 2004): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2004.02.010.

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2

Grant, Edward G. "Sonographic contrast agents in vascular imaging." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 22, no. 1 (February 2001): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-2171(01)90016-2.

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3

Forsberg, F., N. M. Rawool, D. A. Merton, J. B. Liu, and B. B. Goldberg. "Contrast enhanced vascular three-dimensional ultrasound imaging." Ultrasonics 40, no. 1-8 (May 2002): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-624x(02)00099-9.

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4

Mehta, Kunal S., Jake J. Lee, Ashraf A. Taha, Efthymios Avgerinos, and Rabih A. Chaer. "Vascular applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging." Journal of Vascular Surgery 66, no. 1 (July 2017): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2016.12.133.

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5

Mattrey, R. F., and Y. Kono. "Contrast-specific imaging and potential vascular applications." European Radiology 9, S3 (November 23, 1999): S353—S358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00014073.

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6

Hope, Michael D., Thomas A. Hope, Chengcheng Zhu, Farshid Faraji, Henrik Haraldsson, Karen G. Ordovas, and David Saloner. "Vascular Imaging With Ferumoxytol as a Contrast Agent." American Journal of Roentgenology 205, no. 3 (September 2015): W366—W373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.15.14534.

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7

Yang, Xiaoming, Hannu Manninen, and Seppo Soimakallio. "Carbon Dioxide in Vascular Imaging and Intervention." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 4-6 (July 1995): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600402.

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Angiography with iodinated contrast agents is bound up with the risks of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity and hypersensitivity, which led to the idea of using carbon dioxide (CO2) gas as a negative contrast medium to eliminate these drawbacks. During the last decade, refinements and experiences have proved carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography (CO2-DSA) to be an accurate, safe, and clinically promising vascular imaging modality, with the advantages of no hypersensitivity and no nephrotoxicity as well as minimal patient discomfort. In this article, we have reviewed the history, physical and chemical aspects, techniques, and pathophysiologic changes with the use of CO2-DSA as well as some clinical trials. Applications of CO2 gas in vascular interventions and other imagings, and the advantages and limitations of using CO2 gas in DSA are also discussed.
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8

Young, Victoria EL, Andrew J. Degnan, and Jonathan H. Gillard. "Advances in contrast media for vascular imaging of atherosclerosis." Imaging in Medicine 3, no. 3 (June 2011): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/iim.11.23.

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9

Jafari, Chakameh Z., Colin T. Sullender, David R. Miller, Samuel A. Mihelic, and Andrew K. Dunn. "Effect of vascular structure on laser speckle contrast imaging." Biomedical Optics Express 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 5826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.401235.

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10

Guldberg, Robert. "Contrast-enhanced MicroCT imaging of vascular and cartilaginous tissues." Journal of Orthopaedic Translation 2, no. 4 (October 2014): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2014.07.132.

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11

Butler, Mairead, Antonios Perperidis, Jean-Luc Matteo Zahra, Nadia Silva, Michalakis Averkiou, W. Colin Duncan, Alan McNeilly, and Vassilis Sboros. "Differentiation of Vascular Characteristics Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 45, no. 9 (September 2019): 2444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.05.015.

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12

Bruce, Matthew, Mike Averkiou, Klaus Tiemann, Stefan Lohmaier, Jeff Powers, and Kirk Beach. "Vascular flow and perfusion imaging with ultrasound contrast agents." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 30, no. 6 (June 2004): 735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.03.016.

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13

Du Le, V. N., Quanzeng Wang, Taylor Gould, Jessica C. Ramella-Roman, and T. Joshua Pfefer. "Vascular contrast in narrow-band and white light imaging." Applied Optics 53, no. 18 (June 19, 2014): 4061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.004061.

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14

Pannu, Harpreet K., Richard E. Thompson, John Phelps, Carolyn A. Magee, and Elliot K. Fishman. "Optimal Contrast Agents for Vascular Imaging on Computed Tomography." Academic Radiology 12, no. 5 (May 2005): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2005.01.015.

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15

Staub, Daniel, Sasan Partovi, Stephan Imfeld, Heiko Uthoff, Thomas Baldi, Markus Aschwanden, and Kurt A. Jaeger. "Novel applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging in vascular medicine." Vasa 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000244.

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The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for vascular imaging indications has increased dramatically during the last decade. Ultrasound contrast agents are gas-filled microbubbles that are injected into the bloodstream and serve as strict intravascular reflectors of ultrasound waves. Numerous studies have addressed the potential clinical use of CEUS in different vascular fields including the carotid arteries, the abdominal aorta, renal arteries and the kidneys. In this review article we discuss the clinical value of contrast agents in vascular ultrasound by enhancing the vascular lumen, and more important, their role as a tool to deliver high resolution, real-time images of microvascular perfusion. Specifically, CEUS imaging of the carotid artery provides a novel, non-invasive method not only to improve the delineation of the vessel wall, but also for the assessment of the vasa vasorum and the ectopic vascularization of the atherosclerotic plaque (intraplaque neovascularization); probably providing a “window” to risk stratify atherosclerotic lesions and individuals by identifying “vulnerable” plaques prone to rupture causing vascular events. CEUS imaging has also emerged as a novel diagnostic tool in various aortic pathologies and particularly for the detection of endoleaks following endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. It is also a valuable tool for the assessment of the tissue perfusion in native and transplanted kidneys providing information on perfusion deficits of the parenchyma. Furthermore, a real-time CEUS method has recently been developed to assess the skeletal muscle microcirculation which could be used to study patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease or diabetic microangiopathy. In the future, the use of targeted microbubbles could further enhance and expand the diagnostic capabilities of current vascular ultrasound imaging by detecting specific molecular processes that play a role in the pathophysiology of vascular disease.
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16

Tang, Rongbiao, Yongfang Li, Le Qin, Fuhua Yan, Guo‐Yuan Yang, and Ke‐Min Chen. "Phase retrieval‐based phase‐contrast CT for vascular imaging with microbubble contrast agent." Medical Physics 48, no. 7 (May 9, 2021): 3459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.14819.

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17

Burns, Stephen A., Ann E. Elsner, and Thomas J. Gast. "Imaging the Retinal Vasculature." Annual Review of Vision Science 7, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-093019-113719.

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Advances in retinal imaging are enabling researchers and clinicians to make precise noninvasive measurements of the retinal vasculature in vivo. This includes measurements of capillary blood flow, the regulation of blood flow, and the delivery of oxygen, as well as mapping of perfused blood vessels. These advances promise to revolutionize our understanding of vascular regulation, as well as the management of retinal vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of imaging and optical measurements of the function and structure of the ocular vasculature. We include general characteristics of vascular systems with an emphasis on the eye and its unique status. The functions of vascular systems are discussed, along with physical principles governing flow and its regulation. Vascular measurement techniques based on reflectance and absorption are briefly introduced, emphasizing ways of generating contrast. One of the prime ways to enhance contrast within vessels is to use techniques sensitive to the motion of cells, allowing precise measurements of perfusion and blood velocity. Finally, we provide a brief introduction to retinal vascular diseases.
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18

Jackson, Alan, James P. B. O'Connor, Geoff J. M. Parker, and Gordon C. Jayson. "Imaging Tumor Vascular Heterogeneity and Angiogenesis using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Clinical Cancer Research 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2007): 3449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0238.

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19

Wacker, Frank K., Robbert M. Maes, Jack A. Jesberger, Sherif G. Nour, Jeffrey L. Duerk, and Jonathan S. Lewin. "MR Imaging–Guided Vascular Procedures Using CO2as a Contrast Agent." American Journal of Roentgenology 181, no. 2 (August 2003): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.181.2.1810485.

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20

Goldberg, B. B., D. A. Merton, F. Forsberg, J. B. Liu, and N. Rawool. "Color amplitude imaging: preliminary results using vascular sonographic contrast agents." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 15, no. 2 (February 1996): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.1996.15.2.127.

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21

Ringold, D., S. Sikka, and B. Banerjee. "High-contrast imaging (FICE) improves visualization of gastrointestinal vascular ectasias." Endoscopy 40, S 02 (February 18, 2008): E26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-966963.

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22

Kazmi, S. M. Shams, Ehssan Faraji, Mitchell A. Davis, Yu-Yen Huang, Xiaojing J. Zhang, and Andrew K. Dunn. "Flux or speed? Examining speckle contrast imaging of vascular flows." Biomedical Optics Express 6, no. 7 (June 18, 2015): 2588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.6.002588.

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23

Annapragada, Ananth V., Eric Hoffman, Abhay Divekar, Efstathios Karathanasis, and Ketan B. Ghaghada. "High-Resolution CT Vascular Imaging Using Blood Pool Contrast Agents." Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal 8, no. 1 (January 2012): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14797/mdcj-8-1-18.

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24

Kálmán, Ferenc K., Viktória Nagy, Balázs Váradi, Zoltán Garda, Enikő Molnár, György Trencsényi, János Kiss, et al. "Mn(II)-Based MRI Contrast Agent Candidate for Vascular Imaging." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 63, no. 11 (May 6, 2020): 6057–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00197.

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25

Fusco, Roberta, Mario Sansone, Salvatore Filice, and Antonella Petrillo. "Breast contrast-enhanced MR imaging: semiautomatic detection of vascular map." Breast Cancer 23, no. 2 (September 20, 2014): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12282-014-0565-8.

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26

Du, E., Shuhao Shen, Anqi Qiu, and Nanguang Chen. "Line Scan Spatial Speckle Contrast Imaging and Its Application in Blood Flow Imaging." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 10969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210969.

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Laser speckle imaging has been an indispensable tool for visualizing blood flow in biomedical applications. We proposed a novel design of the laser speckle imaging system, which combines confocal illumination and detection with various speckle analysis methods. The system can be operated by three imaging modes. One is surface illumination laser speckle contrast imaging (SI-LSCI) and the other two are line scan temporal speckle contrast imaging (LS-TSCI) and line scan spatial speckle contrast imaging (LS-SSCI). The experimental results of flow phantoms have validated the mixture model, which combines the Lorentzian and Gaussian models to describe the simultaneous existence of both Brownian motions and ordered flow. Our experimental results of in vivo chick embryos demonstrate that LS-SSCI maintains high temporal resolution and is less affected by motion artifacts. LS-SSCI can provide better image quality for in vivo imaging blood chick embryos than LS-TSCI. Furthermore, the experiential results present that LS-SSCI can detect and quantify the blood flow change during vascular clipping, and shows great potential in diagnosing vascular diseases, such as angiosclerosis, angiostenosis, or angiemphraxis.
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27

Hingorani, Anil, and Enrico Ascher. "Dyeless Vascular Surgery." Cardiovascular Surgery 11, no. 1 (February 2003): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096721090301100103.

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Purpose The morbidity associated with contrast-based diagnostics performed for preoperative evaluation prior to vascular intervention ranges from 1 to 21%. These complications range from minor hematomas to death. However, these exams are commonly felt to be a necessary step to completely evaluate the arterial tree before intervention is undertaken. Since this has varied from our experience, we reviewed our experience with repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), carotid endartectomy (CEA). and lower extremity revascularization performed without preoperative contrast studies. Materials and methods During the last 10 years, we have performed 184 elective AAA repairs with abdominal-pelvis CAT scan without intravenous contrast as a preoperative study. During this same period of time. 903 CEAs were performed in 810 patients based solely on duplex ultrasonography or in combination with magnetic resonance angiography in cases where duplex ultrasonography was inconclusive (53 cases). Finally, over the last 30 months, we have performed 485 revascularizations in the lower extremity based solely on duplex ultrasonography mapping. Direct visualization of all major arteries from the distal aorta to the pedal vessels was performed using duplex imaging. Both the carotid duplex imaging and lower extremity duplex imaging were confirmed to have greater than 95 % positive predictive value during an initial phase of 50 cases confirmed with MRA and contrast angiography respectively. Results All cases of venous anomalies such as retrocaval left renal vein or left sided inferior vena cava in AAA patients were accurately identified and confirmed by intraoperative findings. No cases of horseshoe kidney were identified. Despite the presence of diminished femoral pulses in six patients, aortic reconstructions were performed with only duplex imaging. The 30 day mortality of AAA patients was 5% for elective repairs, in addition, no gross differences were appreciated with intraoperative findings of CEA as compared to preoperative duplex findings. However, in 5 cases CEA could not be performed due to extension of the lesion well above the available surgical exposure. The 30 day mortality of the CEA patients was 0.7% and the incidence of postoperative stroke or transient ischemic attack was 0.7%. Finally, in two early cases of lower extremity revascularization, the distal anastomosis was placed proximal to a lesion. This was appreciated during the procedure and corrected with a jump graft in each case. Conclusions These data suggest that AAA repair, CEA, and lower extremity revascularization can be performed without contrast based preoperative studies and without compromise to evaluation of disease, patient safety or patency of bypass grafts.
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28

Küker, Wilhelm. "Imaging of Cerebral Vasculitis." International Journal of Stroke 2, no. 3 (August 2007): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2007.00134.x.

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Background In young patients, vasculitic stenoses of cerebral blood vessels are an important cause of cerebral ischaemia. Diagnosis may prove very difficult. Summary of review The diagnostic process is usually initiated by the detection of brain lesions consistent with cerebral vasculitis. Multiple infarcts of various ages in more than one vascular territory are thought to be suggestive of a vascular inflammatory disease. The next step in the imaging of patients with suspected vasculitis is the search for an underlying vascular stenosis. Today, magnetic resonance angiography is the principal modality for the investigation of patients thought to have intracranial stenoses. At 1·5 T, only large brain arteries can be imaged with a high diagnostic accuracy. Intraarterial DSA remains an indispensable tool for the investigation of medium and small brain artery stenoses. Conclusions However, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may be able to demonstrate wall thickening and contrast uptake in large cerebral arteries, obviating biopsy in patients with basal vasculitis.
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29

Robinette, William B. "Ultrasound Contrast Agents." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 13, no. 5_suppl (September 1997): 29S—34S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875647939701300i505.

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The introduction of ultrasound contrast agents will bring new applications of this diagnostic imaging technology into clinical practice. Vascular, organ-specific, and oral agents are now in clinical trials and will soon be available. The development and properties of ultrasound contrast agents, most of which are based on gas-filled microbubbles, are reviewed. The first group of agents designed to overcome the limitations of free gas bubbles were of more uniform size but were either too large to cross the pulmonary capillary bed or lasted for only a short time in the circulation. The next group was able to produce enhancement over a period of minutes, but did not enhance the parenchyma of organs. The most recently developed intravenous agents exhibit parenchymal enhancement or are tissue-specific during B-mode imaging. Oral contrast agents may be used to reduce the artifacts created by gas in the gastrointestinal tract and to more clearly image the upper abdomen. Specific agents within each of the groups are described. The use of harmonic imaging is reviewed.
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30

Negrão de Figueiredo, Giovanna, Katharina Müller-Peltzer, Vincent Schwarze, Johannes Rübenthaler, and Dirk-André Clevert. "Ultrasound and contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of acute aortic pathologies." Vasa 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000758.

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Abstract. Conventional ultrasound is worldwide the first-line imaging modality for the prompt diagnosis in the daily practice because it is a cost-effective and easy to perform technique. The additional application of contrast media has been used to enhance the intravascular contrast and to improve the imaging diagnostic accuracy in the detection, classification and follow-up of vascular pathologies. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has the advantage of being a safe, fast and dynamic non-invasive imaging tool with excellent results in the diagnosis of acute aortic pathologies, especially the detection of endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair. This review describes the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging in the most common vascular pathologies such as aortic dissections, aneurysms and endoleaks. Keywords: Endoleak, contrast media, ultrasonography, aorta
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31

BEYNON, HUGH L. C., MARK J. WALPORT, and PETER DAWSON. "Vascular Endothelial Injury by Intravascular Contrast Agents." Investigative Radiology 29 (June 1994): S195—S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199406001-00064.

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32

Hernández-Torres, Enedino, Nora Kassner, Nils Daniel Forkert, Luxi Wei, Vanessa Wiggermann, Madeleine Daemen, Lindsay Machan, Anthony Traboulsee, David Li, and Alexander Rauscher. "Anisotropic cerebral vascular architecture causes orientation dependency in cerebral blood flow and volume measured with dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 37, no. 3 (July 21, 2016): 1108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16653134.

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Measurements of cerebral perfusion using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging rely on the assumption of isotropic vascular architecture. However, a considerable fraction of vessels runs in parallel with white matter tracts. Here, we investigate the effects of tissue orientation on dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Tissue orientation was measured using diffusion tensor imaging and dynamic susceptibility contrast was performed with gradient echo planar imaging. Perfusion parameters and the raw dynamic susceptibility contrast signals were correlated with tissue orientation. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed for a range of vascular volumes of both the isotropic vascular bed and anisotropic vessel components, as well as for a range of contrast agent concentrations. The effect of the contrast agent was much larger in white matter tissue perpendicular to the main magnetic field compared to white matter parallel to the main magnetic field. In addition, cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume were affected in the same way with angle-dependent variations of up to 130%. Mean transit time and time to maximum of the residual curve exhibited weak orientation dependency of 10%. Numerical simulations agreed with the measured data, showing that one-third of the white matter vascular volume is comprised of vessels running in parallel with the fibre tracts.
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33

Jonas, Svensson. "Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography." Acta Radiologica 44, suppl_429 (July 2003): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ard.44.s429.1.

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Svensson J. Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Development and optimization of techniques for paramagnetic and hyperpolarized contrast media. Stockholm 2001. ISBN 91-628-5322-8. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is a diagnostic method for imaging of vascular structures based on nuclear magnetic resonance. Vascular enhancement is achieved by injection of a contrast medium (CM). Studies were performed using two different types of CM: conventional paramagnetic CM, and a new type ofCMbased on hyperpolarized (HP) nuclei. The effects of varying CM concentration with time during image acquisition were studied by means of computer simulations using two different models. It was shown that a rapid concentration variation during encoding of the central parts of k-space could result in signal loss and severe image artifacts. The results were confirmed qualitatively with phantom experiments. A postprocessing method was developed to address problems with simultaneous enhancement of arteries and veins in CE-MRA of the lower extremities. The method was based on the difference in flow-induced phase in the two vessel types. Evaluation of the method was performed with flow phantom measurements and with CE-MRA in two volunteers using standard pulse sequences. The flow-induced phase in the vessels of interest was sufficient to distinguish arteries from veins in the superior-inferior direction. Using this method, the venous enhancement could be extinguished. The possibility of using HP nuclei as CM for CE-MRA was evaluated. Signal expressions for a flow of HP CMimaged with a gradient echo sequence were derived. These signal expressions were confirmed in phantom experiments using HP 129Xe dissolved in ethanol. Studies were also performed with a new CM based on HP 13C. The CM had very long relaxation times ( T1,in vivo/ T2,in vivo ≈ 38/1.3 s). The long relaxation times were utilized in imaging with a fully balanced steady-state free precession pulse sequence (trueFISP), where the optimal flip angle was found to be 180°. CE-MRA with the 13C-based CM in rats resulted in images with high vascular SNR (∼500). CE-MRA is a useful clinical tool for diagnosing vascular disease. With the development of new contrast media, based on hyperpolarized nuclei for example, there is a potential for further improvement in the signal levels that can be achieved, enabling a standard of imaging of vessels that is not possible today.
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34

Au, Joyce T., Gary Craig, Valerie Longo, Pat Zanzonico, Michael Mason, Yuman Fong, and Peter J. Allen. "Gold Nanoparticles Provide Bright Long-Lasting Vascular Contrast for CT Imaging." American Journal of Roentgenology 200, no. 6 (June 2013): 1347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.12.8933.

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35

AREF, MICHAEL, MARTIN BRECHBIEL, and ERIK C. WIENER. "Identifying Tumor Vascular Permeability Heterogeneity With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents." Investigative Radiology 37, no. 4 (April 2002): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-200204000-00003.

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36

Hawkins, Irvin F., Christopher S. Wilcox, Scott R. Kerns, and Frank W. Sabatelli. "CO2 Digital Angiography: A Safer Contrast Agent for Renal Vascular Imaging?" American Journal of Kidney Diseases 24, no. 4 (October 1994): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80232-0.

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37

Aspestrand, F., and A. Kolbenstvedt. "Vascular Mass Lesions and Hypervascular Tumors in the Head and Neck." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 2 (March 1995): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600205.

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A retrospective analysis of the findings at contrast-enhanced CT, MR imaging and angiography in 24 patients with vascular mass lesions and 11 patients with hypervascular tumors in the head and neck region was undertaken. We attempted to find criteria at CT and MR imaging that could aid in differentiating between different lesion categories. Parameters such as contrast enhancement at CT, signal intensities at MR imaging, phleboliths and peritumoral hypervascularity were correlated to clinical presentation, biopsies and angiography. MR imaging was superior to CT and far better than angiography in delineating cavernous hemangiomas. Contrast-enhanced CT may better differentiate between cavernous and capillary hemangiomas than MR. MR imaging clearly differentiated cavernous hemangiomas from hypervascular tumors, but was, like CT, inadequate for distinguishing between capillary hemangiomas and hypervascular tumors. Lymphangiomas and cavernous hemangiomas had similar appearances at CT and MR imaging.
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38

Needleman, L. "Vascular applications of ultrasound contrast agents." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 29, no. 5 (May 2003): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-5629(03)00229-1.

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39

Summerlin, David, Joseph Willis, Robert Boggs, Loretta M. Johnson, and Kristin K. Porter. "Radiation Dose Reduction Opportunities in Vascular Imaging." Tomography 8, no. 5 (October 21, 2022): 2618–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography8050219.

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Computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been the gold standard imaging modality for vascular imaging due to a variety of factors, including the widespread availability of computed tomography (CT) scanners, the ease and speed of image acquisition, and the high sensitivity of CTA for vascular pathology. However, the radiation dose experienced by the patient during imaging has long been a concern of this image acquisition method. Advancements in CT image acquisition techniques in combination with advancements in non-ionizing radiation imaging techniques including magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) present growing opportunities to reduce total radiation dose to patients. This review provides an overview of advancements in imaging technology and acquisition techniques that are helping to minimize radiation dose associated with vascular imaging.
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40

Zhou, Xinyi Y., Zhi Wei Tay, Prashant Chandrasekharan, Elaine Y. Yu, Daniel W. Hensley, Ryan Orendorff, Kenneth E. Jeffris, et al. "Magnetic particle imaging for radiation-free, sensitive and high-contrast vascular imaging and cell tracking." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 45 (August 2018): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.014.

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41

Leach, M. O., B. Morgan, P. S. Tofts, D. L. Buckley, W. Huang, M. A. Horsfield, T. L. Chenevert, et al. "Imaging vascular function for early stage clinical trials using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging." European Radiology 22, no. 7 (May 7, 2012): 1451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-012-2446-x.

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42

Xiang, Liang Zhong, and Fei Fan Zhou. "Photoacoustic Imaging Application in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 1100–1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.1100.

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Photoacoustic imaging (also called optoacoustic or thermoacoustic imaging) can image vascularity clearly with simultaneous high contrast and high spatial resolution, and has the potential to be an application for tumor diagnosis and treatment monitoring. In a unique photoacoustic system, a single pulse laser beam was used as the light source for both cancer treatment and for concurrently generating ultrasound signals for photoacoustic imaging. The photoacoustic system was used to detect early tumor on the rat back, and the vascular structure around the tumor could be imaged clearly with optimal contrast. This system was also used to monitoring damage of the vascular structures before, during and after photodynamic therapy of tumor. This work demonstrates that photoacoustic imaging can potentially be used to guide photodynamic therapy and other phototherapies using vascular changes during treatment. Prospective application of photoacoustic imaging is to characterize and monitor the accumulation of gold nanoshells in vivo to guide nanoshell-based thermal tumor therapy.
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43

Yim, Hyeona, Seogjin Seo, and Kun Na. "MRI Contrast Agent-Based Multifunctional Materials: Diagnosis and Therapy." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/747196.

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Various imaging technologies have become increasingly important in developing a better understanding of information on the biological and clinical phenomena associated with diseases of interest. Of these technologies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful for clinical diagnosis and in vivo imaging without the exposure to ionising radiation or radiotracers. Despite its many advantages, there are intrinsic limitations caused by MRI contrast agents, such as short vascular half-life circulation, which lead to unwanted side effects. In this review, we will focus on the multifunctional modification of MRI contrast agents for diagnosis and therapy.
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44

Licha, Kai, Niels Debus, Sonja Emig-Vollmer, Birte Hofmann, Michael Hasbach, Dietger Stibenz, Sabine Sydow, et al. "Optical molecular imaging of lymph nodes using a targeted vascular contrast agent." Journal of Biomedical Optics 10, no. 4 (2005): 041205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2007967.

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45

Bui, Tot, Jeff Stevenson, John Hoekman, Shanrong Zhang, Kenneth Maravilla, and Rodney J. Y. Ho. "Novel Gd Nanoparticles Enhance Vascular Contrast for High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging." PLoS ONE 5, no. 9 (September 30, 2010): e13082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013082.

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46

Anastasiadis, Pavlos, and John S. Allen. "High‐frequency imaging with targeted ultrasound contrast agents under vascular flow conditions." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4784406.

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47

Sikka, Sanjay, Daniel A. Ringold, and Bhaskar Banerjee. "High Contrast Imaging Improves the Visualization and Detection of Gastrointestinal Vascular Ectasias." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 65, no. 5 (April 2007): AB355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2007.03.913.

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48

Su, Hongying, Changqiang Wu, Jiang Zhu, Tianxin Miao, Dan Wang, Chunchao Xia, Xuna Zhao, Qiyong Gong, Bin Song, and Hua Ai. "Rigid Mn(ii) chelate as efficient MRI contrast agent for vascular imaging." Dalton Transactions 41, no. 48 (2012): 14480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2dt31696j.

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49

Patel, A. S., J. S. Kim, J. Courtier, and J. D. Mackenzie. "Blood pool MRI contrast agent use in pediatric patients for vascular imaging." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 24, no. 4 (April 2013): S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2013.01.362.

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50

Chen, Wei, David P. Cormode, Zahi A. Fayad, and Willem J. M. Mulder. "Nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for vascular and cardiac diseases." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology 3, no. 2 (October 21, 2010): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wnan.114.

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