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Academic literature on the topic 'Varying temperature hardness'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Varying temperature hardness"

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Joshua, T. O., O. S. I. Fayomi, F. H. Olatuja, and A. O. Inegbenebor. "Hardness and Microstructural Behavior of Normalized Steel-Welded Joint under Varying Temperature." Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019): 1375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.09.006.

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Pazur, Richard J., and T. Mengistu. "ACTIVATION ENERGIES OF THERMO-OXIDIZED NITRILE RUBBER COMPOUNDS OF VARYING ACRYLONITRILE CONTENT." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.18.82592.

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ABSTRACT The thermo-oxidative behavior of carbon black–reinforced sulfur-cured nitrile rubber compounds with varying acrylonitrile (ACN) content (18–49 wt%) was investigated. Accelerated heat aging was carried out from 40 °C to 115 °C for various aging times. Ambient aging was also included. Samples were tested for hardness, 10% tensile stress, tensile strength, elongation at break, network chain density by equilibrium solvent swell, and toluene-soluble fraction. Diffusion-limited oxidation affected data at high temperatures and was eliminated for time-temperature superposition. Linear Arrhenius kinetic behavior was confirmed throughout the whole temperature range, and calculated activation energies varied from 75 to 93 kJ/mol. Activation energies calculated through the hardness data were found to increase steadily with ACN concentration, whereas the other test responses showed less direct correlation, likely because of the influence of the underlying NBR microstructure, which changes as a function of ACN content. The high-temperature thermo-oxidative process consists of both oxidative crosslinking and chain scission reactions. Sulfur reversion and alkyl radical recombination reactions are likely prevalent at low temperatures during the buildup of hydroperoxides up to 60 °C. The shelf life of nitrile rubbers strongly depends on their ACN level, with lower ACN nitriles being more susceptible to degradation, leading to shorter shelf lives, than higher ACN-containing nitriles.
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Mahathanabodee, S., Tippaban Palathai, S. Raadnui, Ruangdaj Tongsri, and Narongrit Sombatsompop. "Effect of h-BN Content on the Sintering of SS316L/h-BN Composites." Advanced Materials Research 410 (November 2011): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.410.216.

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In this work, the three compositions of hexagonal boron nitride (10, 15 and 20 vol. %)-embedded 316L stainless steel (SS316L/h-BN) composites were prepared by a conventional powder metallurgy technique and then sintered at varying temperatures of 1100 to 1250°C for 60 min in H2 atmosphere. The h-BN content and sintering temperature were found to affect the microstructure and hardness of the composites. The hardness decreased with increasing h-BN content and was improved by increasing the sintering temperature. Microstructure results revealed that the boride phase was formed at the grain boundary at the sintering temperature higher than 1150°C and the boride phase formation was observed to transform the h-BN in the composites.
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Gurumurthy, B. M., Sathya Shankar Sharma, and U. Achutha Kini. "Ferrite-Martensite Dual Phase Treatment of AISI 1040 Steel and Mechanical Characterization." Key Engineering Materials 748 (August 2017): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.748.280.

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The present work is focused on the characteristics of dual phase (Ferrite-Martensite) medium carbon steel (AISI1040) austenized at different inter critical temperatures (750,770, and 790°C). AISI1040 is plain carbon steel with moderate strength and hardness. The machinability of the steel depends upon the balanced properties obtained by preferential control of phases (wt. % and type) by altering the room temperature structure. In this view, the dual phase is obtained by varying wt. % of ferrite and martensite structure in the steel and then subjected to bulk mechanical property (tensile, hardness, impact resistance and microstructure) analysis. As bought steel is subjected to normalizing treatment which is taken as datum for analysis. The dual phase structure obtained is then tempered to enhance the balanced properties. It was observed that hardness and tensile strength increases with low temperature tempering (260°C) compared to high temperature tempering (425°C) and impact resistance is excellent in high tempering temperature.
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Landgraf, Pierre, Peter Birnbaum, Enrique Meza-García, Thomas Grund, Verena Kräusel, and Thomas Lampke. "Jominy End Quench Test of Martensitic Stainless Steel X30Cr13." Metals 11, no. 7 (July 3, 2021): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071071.

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In this study, the influence of thermal treatments on the properties of the martensitic stainless steel X30Cr13 (EN 10088-3: 1.4028) were investigated. These steels are characterized by a high hardness as well as corrosion resistance and can be specifically adjusted by heat treatment. In particular, the austenitizing temperature ϑA and cooling rate T˙ affect the hardness and corrosion properties of martensitic stainless steels. In order to investigate these influences, the Jominy end quench tests were performed at varying austenitizing temperatures. The aim is to determine the hardness and corrosion properties as a function of the austenitizing temperature and the cooling rate. The austenitizing temperature strongly influences the solubility of alloying elements within the austenitic lattice as well as the grain size, and thus affects both precipitation and phase transformation kinetics. In consequence, different austenitizing temperatures lead to different macroscopic material properties, like hardness and pitting corrosion potential. The heat treatment was simulated using finite element (FE) method and compared with time-temperature sequences measured at different locations of the Jominy end quench sample using thermocouples. That allows determining the cooling rate T˙ between 800 ∘C and 500 ∘C and to assign it to each location of the Jominy end quench sample. The numerical estimations were in close conformity with the experimental values. By assigning the hardness and pitting corrosion potentials to the respective cooling rates as a function of the austenitizing temperature, it is possible to determine optimum process windows for the required properties.
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Rotich, Sammy Kiplangat, Ngetich Gilbert Kipkirui, Tzu-Tang Lin, and Shih-Hsun Chen. "Effect of Varying Plasma Powers on High-Temperature Applications of Plasma-Sprayed Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5 Coatings." Materials 15, no. 20 (October 15, 2022): 7198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207198.

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In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of atmospheric plasma-sprayed coatings of Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5, prepared using gas-atomized powders at varying spray powers, are studied in as-sprayed and heat-treated conditions. Gas-atomized powders had spherical shapes and uniform element distributions, with major FCC phases and metastable BCC phases. The metastable BCC phase transformed to ordered and disordered BCC phases when sufficient energy was applied during the plasma-spraying process. During the heat treatment process for 2 hrs, disordered BCCs transformed into ordered BCCs, while the intensity of the FCC peaks increased. Spraying power plays a significant role in the microstructure and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed because at a high power, coatings exhibit better mechanical properties due to their dense microstructures resulting in less defects. As the plasma current was increased from 500 A to 700 A, the coatings’ hardness increased by approximately 21%, which is directly proportional to the decreased wear rate of the coatings at high spraying powers. As the coatings experienced heat treatments, the coatings sprayed with a higher spraying power showed higher hardness and wear resistances. Precipitation strengthening played a significant role in the hardness and wear resistances of the coatings due to the addition of the titanium element.
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Ren, Junzhao, Hongyan Wu, Lu Wang, Zhehang Fan, Yanzhao Qiu, Lu Yu, and Enxi Shi. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanoindentation of Nb-Zr Alloys with Different Zr Content." Metals 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111820.

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To understand the nanomechanical behaviors of the Nb-based alloys with Zr addition at room/high temperature, the molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation are conducted. In this work, the load-unload displacement curve, hardness, and dislocation characteristics of Nb-Zr alloys with varying Zr content ranging from 0 to 5 wt.% are studied. The simulation results are found to closely agree with the experimental one at 1 wt.%, therefore showing the reliability of the simulation. Moreover, considering distinct responses of alloys to different service temperature, the high-temperature nanoindentation are performed. The effects of Zr addition on the mechanical deformation under both temperatures are compared. The same phenomenon is found such that the optimum concentration range yielding the greatest hardness is 1–3 wt.%. The elastic modulus of NbZr alloy improves with elevated concentration at room temperature, while the hardness at higher temperature exhibits the opposite trend. This is attributed to the higher amplitude of atomic vibrations at high temperatures, which is more likely to deviate atoms from their equilibrium positions and weaken the pinning effect under external loading. Therefore, we believe that our studies on the nanomechanical mechanisms of materials at room/high temperature will provide an effective way for the alloying optimization design.
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Cai, Gang Yi, Xiao Ting Huang, and Peng Hui Deng. "Effects of Thermomechanical Treatment Process on the Microstructure and Properties of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.354.

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Thermomechanical treatment was adopted to improve the comprehensive performance of AZ80 magnesium alloys in this paper. The influence of varying the thermal processing parameters and deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy was studied, and the optimal process of themomechanical treatment was obtained. The experimental results show that the hardness increased with the increasing of deformation and the hardness is up to the peak value with 30% deformation. After aging, the hardness measurements and microstructure analysis results show that the hardness increased with increasing aging temperature, and reached the peak value at temperature 170°C, while the hardness decreased sharply when the temperature goes beyond 170°C. After thermomechanical treatment, the grains of AZ80 magnesium alloy became uniform and fine. The roles of both deformation strengthening and dispersion strengthening were to improve the mechanical property of AZ80 magnesium alloy.
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Huang, Xiao Ting, Gang Yi Cai, and Wen Biao Qiu. "Effects of Hot Deformation Process on the Microstructure and Hardness of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.46.

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AZ80 magnesium alloys were deformed at different temperature (270°C, 300°Cand 330°C)with different deformation ratio from 10% to 50%. The influence of varying the deformation temperature and ratio on the microstructure and hardness of AZ80 magnesium alloy was studied. The experimental results show that the hardness increased with the increasing of deformation and the hardness is up to the peak value with 40% deformation at 300°C. The microstructure was homogeneous and the grain was refined after hot deformation.The roles of both deformation strengthening and dispersition strengthening were to im prove the mechanical property of AZ80 magnesium alloy.
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Oktadinata, Herry, M. Sa'ban Dafi, and Djoko Hadi Prajitno. "Microstructure Evolution and Hardness Properties of Nodular Cast Iron for Varying Tempering Time." Key Engineering Materials 935 (November 30, 2022): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-h1ao57.

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Nodular cast iron is usually used for components that require good mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, and ductility. Heat treatment is applied to the components made from the nodular cast iron to improve their mechanical properties. This study aimed to investigate the influence of tempering time on the microstructure, hardness, and wear rate of nodular cast iron. The heat treatment was performed by austenitizing to 850 °C with a holding time of 1 hour and quenched in the oil medium. After quenching, it was tempered at a temperature of 450 °C by varying the tempering time to 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. The investigation consists of microstructure observation, hardness, and wear rate measurements. The results show that the highest hardness was 55.3 HRC at a tempering time of 15 min, and the lowest hardness was 54 HRC at a tempering time of 60 min. The lowest wear rate was 0.00476 g/min at a tempering time of 15 min, and the highest wear rate was 0.00574 g/min at a tempering time of 60 min. It can be concluded that the longer the holding time of tempering, the lower the hardness and the higher the wear rate.
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Book chapters on the topic "Varying temperature hardness"

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Yuvaraj N. and Pradeep Kumar M. "Performance and Surface Evaluation Characteristics on Cryogenic-Assisted Abrasive Water Jet Machining of AISI D2 Steel." In Non-Conventional Machining in Modern Manufacturing Systems, 202–31. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6161-3.ch010.

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The chapter reports on the investigation of cryogenic-assisted abrasive water jet (CAAWJ) machining of AISI D2 steel with varying the jet impact angles and abrasive mesh sizes. The performance measurement is considered in this study such as depth of penetration and taper ratio. Also, the surface integrity characteristics are considered in the present study such as abrasive contamination, surface topography, XRD peaks, residual stress, and micro hardness. The CAAWJ machining process improves the performance measurement such as higher depth of penetration and lower taper ratio for the machining of D2 steel. Also, the CAAWJ cut surface consists of better surface integrity features over the AWJ cut surface. The phase transformation effect of target material under cryogenic cooling helps to turn the mode of the material removal mechanism from ductile to brittle erosion process and yield a better performance. The results also indicate that the oblique jet impact angles have been produced better performance characteristics than the jet impact angle of 90o at room temperature.
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Pollard, W. A., D. M. Fegredo, F. Desabrais, and A. F. Crawley. "THE USE OF A FLUIDIZED BED TO CONTROL TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE AND PRODUCE HIGH HARDNESS IN ALLOYED EUTECTOID RAIL STEELS OF VARYING COMPOSITION." In Proceedings of the Metallurgical Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 345–58. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-035770-6.50029-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Varying temperature hardness"

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Summers, P. T., R. D. Matulich, Scott W. Case, and Brian Lattimer. "Post-Fire Mechanical Properties and Hardness of 5083 and 6082 Aluminum Alloys." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88175.

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Aluminum alloys are being increasingly used in lightweight transportation applications such as naval vessels and passenger rail. The primary aluminum alloys considered are Al-Mg (5xxx) and Al-Mg-Si (6xxx) due to their mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability. A major concern in the use of aluminum alloys for lightweight structural applications is fire exposure. Aluminum mechanical properties begin to significantly degrade at temperatures above 300°C. After fire exposure, structural integrity will be governed by the residual, post-fire strength of the aluminum. However, scarce data is available regarding the post-fire mechanical response. The post-fire mechanical properties were characterized for several aluminum alloys: 5083-H116, 6082-T651 plate, and 6082-T6 extrusion. The alloys were exposed to elevated temperatures in a furnace to simulate a fire environment. Tension tests were performed to determine the mechanical response of the alloys. Vickers hardness measurements were also performed on specimens exposed for varying durations and temperatures to quantify the time and temperature-dependent behavior. The observed behaviors were explained in relation to the microstructural strengthening mechanisms for each alloy. Correlations were developed between the mechanical properties and Vickers hardness indentations.
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Shin, S. H., T. S. Fisher, D. G. Walker, A. M. Strauss, W. P. Kang, and J. L. Davidson. "High-Temperature Electron Emission From Diamond Films." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24277.

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Abstract This work examines the electron field emission characteristics of polycrystalline diamond films at high temperatures. Diamond is an excellent material as a field emitter because its high mechanical hardness and chemical inertness enable robust reliability. Diamond is also a wide-band gap semiconductor, increasing the probability for selective emission of higher-energy electrons. In recent years, considerable interest has developed in energy conversion applications of polycrystalline diamond films. However, little work has been considered for the field emission characteristics of diamond at elevated temperatures. The motivation behind this study involves direct energy conversion applications in power generation systems, where high temperatures exist. N-doped polycrystalline diamond films were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD). To investigate the effect of increased temperatures on field emission, current-voltage measurements were taken from the same diamond film at varying temperatures. Results from these measurements indicate a decrease in the turn-on voltage with increasing temperature. Further analysis of the temperature dependency of diamond was achieved through the parameter estimation of the effective emitting area, field enhancement factor, and work function. These results suggest that high-energy electrons are responsible for improved emission at high temperature. The resulting possibilities for direct energy conversion via diamond field emission are considered and discussed.
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Tan, CheeFai, Md Radzai Said, and Wei Chen. "The Tensile Strength Effects on Precipitation Heat Treatment of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87164.

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The paper presents an experimental study on precipitation of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy to determine the effects of artificial ageing on the effect of strength. The precipitation hardening usually undergoes a thermal treatment, which consists of a solution heat treatment (550°C for 1 hour), quenching (water, at room temperature) and artificial ageing. The experimental study is focused on artificial ageing upon which the temperature is varying between 175°C to 420°C at different period of time. The Vickers hardness test was carried out to evaluate the hardness before and after ageing. The optimum ageing time and temperature were also determined at the end of this experiment to obtain reductions in energy and total cost. The study leads to the conclusion that the optimum aged can be achieve within 175°C to 195°C with 2 to 6 hours of ageing time.
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Wuthrich, Z., T. Shrestha, I. Charit, K. Rink, M. Basirat, and G. P. Potirniche. "Studies of the Effect of Heat Treatment on Hardness and Creep Behavior of a Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63182.

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In this study, heat treatment was carried out on modified 9Cr-1Mo steel specimens to determine the microstructural evolution for various normalizing temperature/time and tempering temperature/time combinations. Normalization was carried out in the temperature range of 1020–1100°C and time range of 2–8 hours, while tempering was performed in the temperature range of 690–790°C and time range of 2–20 hours. Optical microscopy was then used to visualize and chronicle the microstructural characteristics at varying levels of heat treatment. Vickers micro-hardness measurements were performed on each sample to obtain hardness values as a function of normalizing and tempering temperature/time. Creep tests have also been performed on as-received and welded specimens of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel, in the temperature range of 500–700°C and stress range of 50–200 MPa. Microstructural analysis was carried out on the specimens before and after creep deformation using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The microstructural evolution during the heat treatment and creep tests provided useful information to understand and characterize the creep deformation mechanisms of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel.
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Shao, Shanshan, Guodong Jia, Luowei Cao, and Guide Deng. "Research on Post-Fire Metallographic Structure and Hardness of Quenched and Tempered High Strength Steel 07MnMoVR." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93423.

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Abstract Quenched and tempered high strength steel 07MnMoVR provides an excellent combination of strength and toughness potentially providing significant cost savings in petrochemical industry. Exposure to fire will subject steel to thermal conditions that may alter the material’s microstructure and properties. The extent of the fire damage and the potential reusability of the components can be evaluated by fitness-for-service (FFS) assessment after a fire event. According to API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, metallurgical investigation and mechanical testing are the chief means for the assessment of fire damage. This paper presents the details of an experimental investigation on the post-fire metallographic structure and hardness of 07MnMoVR steel. Metallographic analyses and hardness testing were performed on coupons exposed to elevated temperatures varying from 550°C to 850°C for half an hour to 8 hours and then naturally cooled in air or cooled by water. The results show that the microstructure of as-received 07MnMoVR steel consisted of tempered sorbite and bainite. With increasing heat exposure temperature, bainite disappeared gradually. The recovery and recrystallization of ferrite began to occur after heat exposure at 650°C for 5hrs. When the heat exposure temperature exceeded 750°C, the effects of duration time and cooling rate on microstructure were both significant. A linear correlation is indicated by fitting the ultimate tensile strength and hardness. Due to the drastically degradation of impact toughness of 07MnMoVR steel after heat exposure exceeded 650°C, it is suggested that the removal and testing of material samples shall be utilized to evaluate the fire damage of components, besides replication or in-situ field metallography and hardness testing. This study can provide basis data and guidelines for the fitness-for-service assessment of 07MnMoVR steel suffered from a fire event.
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Shimizu, Y., K. Sugiura, K. Sakaki, and A. Devasanapathi. "An Attempt to Improve the Deposition Efficiency of AI2O3 Coating by HVOF Spraying." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0181.

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Abstract High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) method using propylene as a fuel gas was employed to spray alumina particles. In order to improve the coating characteristics such as the deposition efficiency and the hardness, three HVOF gun nozzles of varying geometry were designed and tested experimentally. The spraying process was also simulated numerically for each of the nozzle geometries to understand their effectiveness in influencing the velocity and temperature of the sprayed particles. The coating was characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-vickers hardness test and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Results showed that with the use of a convergent and divergent type gun nozzle, similar to that of a Laval nozzle, the extent of melting of the alumina particles could be increased. This was exhibited by an increase in the deposition efficiency to the extent of 45%. However, the sharp changes in the convergent and divergent nozzle geometry, resulted in fusion and agglomeration of alumina particles leading to spitting during the spraying process. The results clearly showed that alumina coatings of excellent hardness in the range of 920-1290 HV, with a relatively dense microstructure could be obtained in HVOF method irrespective of the gun nozzle geometry, provided the spraying parameters are properly controlled.
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Yoshida, Mitsuru, Yutaka Tateishi, Tadashi Osako, Motoyuki Kondo, and Yasushi Nomura. "Development of Plasma Spray Gun for Inner Diameter Suspension and Fabrication of Thermal Spray Coating." In ITSC2019, edited by F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Koivuluoto, Y. Lau, H. Li, K. Shinoda, F. Toma, J. Veilleux, and C. Widener. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2019p0241.

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Abstract This study compares the performance of an ordinary plasma spray gun with that of recently developed gun designed for spraying feedstock suspensions on inner diameter surfaces. To evaluate the guns, yttrium oxide was deposited on 304 stainless steel while varying supply pressure, spraying distance, and gun traverse speed. Different methods of delivering suspension spray material to the gun were also investigated. Although Y2O3 inner-diameter coatings were successfully formed, hardness and cross-sectional porosity need improvement. Based on the findings, it may be necessary to increase substrate temperature, readjust spraying parameters, and optimize feedstock materials.
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Sarker, Pratik, and Uttam K. Chakravarty. "Analysis of the Residual Stress and Deformation in a Steel Tube due to Quenching Process Using Different Media." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38701.

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Steel tubes are widely used in industries as machine components and are most common in heavily loaded mechanisms subjected to high dynamic torsional and compressive stress. Hence, they should have higher strength than that of the conventional mechanisms to resist failure. Quenching, an industrial heat treatment process, can improve the microstructure, hardness, toughness, and corrosion and wear resistance of materials. Steel tubes, if quenched, would have desired properties to serve the purposes. However, besides improving material properties, quenching generates some residual stress and deformation in the material due to rapid temperature drop and phase transformation. Therefore, to estimate the temperature distribution, residual stress, and deformation computationally; a three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction model is developed for the steel tube with different quenchants. The quenching characteristics by water, brine, and propylene glycol are estimated and compared with each other. The time-varying nodal temperature distributions in the tube are observed and the critical regions are identified having maximum residual stress and deformation. The time-varying residual stress and deformation at a particular point and along the axial and radial directions of the tube are studied. The convergence of the model is checked and validation of the model is done.
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Oberste Berghaus, J., B. Marple, and C. Moreau. "Suspension Plasma Spraying of Nanostructured WC-12 Co Coatings." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0709.

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Abstract Nanostructured WC-12%Co coatings were deposited by suspension plasma spraying of submicron feedstock powders, using an internal injection plasma torch. The liquid carrier employed in this approach allows for controlled injection of much finer particles than in conventional thermal spraying, leading to thin coatings with a fine surface finish. A PEI (polyethylene-imine) dispersant was used to stabilize the colloidal suspension in an ethanol carrier. In-flight particle states were measured for a number of operating conditions of varying plasma gas flow rates, feed rates and standoff distances, and related to the resulting microstructure, phase composition (EDS, SEM, XRD) and Vickers hardness. High in-flight particle velocities, in excess of 800 m/sec, were generated, leading to dense coatings. It was observed that the coating quality was generally compromised by the high temperature and reactivity of the small particles. To compensate for this shortcoming, the suspension feed rate was adjusted, thereby varying the thermal load on the plasma. Results showed that a slightly larger agglomerate size, in conjunction with low particle jet temperatures, could somewhat limit the decomposition of WC into brittle W2C/W3C and amorphous cobalt containing binder phases.
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Xavior, M. Anthony, P. Ashwath, and R. Rajendran. "Effect of Precipitation Hardening on Particle Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50103.

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In this research work two different composites are manufactured using Aluminum Alloy (AA) 2900 and 2024 as matrix with SiC and Al2O3 as reinforcement material through powder metallurgy technique. The objectives of this research work are to determine the influence of the sintering duration on the properties of composites and to understand the effect of different aging time on the properties of the composites. The weight percentage of reinforcement materials, sintering duration and aging duration were considered as variable parameters in this experimental work. The metal powder and the reinforcement are blended in high energy ball mill and compacted in Universal Testing Machine at a constant load of 500Mpa to fabricate green compacts. The green compacts were subjected to microwave sintering at 500°C for 60 minutes as per the design of experiments. The sintered samples are quenched in water till it reaches the temperature close to room temperature and loaded again into the sintering furnace for artificial aging (for a varying duration of 60 & 120 minutes). This will allow the samples to form CuAl2 and CuMgAl2 precipitates which are confirmed using SEM and X-ray diffraction studies. Hardness studies are carried out using Rockwell and Brinell hardness tester respectively.
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