Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / VARYING LENGTH

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'VARYING LENGTH'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'VARYING LENGTH.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "VARYING LENGTH"

1

Schonfelder, J. L. "Varying length strings in Fortran." ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum 11, no. 2 (June 1992): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/140947.140949.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Kappert, Chuck. "Closed Tube with Varying Length." Physics Teacher 44, no. 9 (December 2006): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2396765.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Bogatyrjov, V. A., M. M. Bubnov, S. L. Semenov, and A. A. Sysoliatin. "Length-varying computer-controlled fibre drawing." Measurement Science and Technology 5, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 1370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/5/11/009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Atar, Rami, Isaac Keslassy, and Gal Mendelson. "Subdiffusive Load Balancing in Time-Varying Queueing Systems." Operations Research 67, no. 6 (November 2019): 1678–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2019.1851.

Full text

Abstract:

The degree to which delays or queue lengths equalize under load-balancing algorithms gives a good indication of their performance. Some of the most well-known results in this context are concerned with the asymptotic behavior of the delay or queue length at the diffusion scale under a critical load condition, where arrival and service rates do not vary with time. For example, under the join-the-shortest-queue policy, the queue length deviation process, defined as the difference between the greatest and smallest queue length as it varies over time, is at a smaller scale (subdiffusive) than that of queue lengths (diffusive).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Jeon, Yoontae, and Thomas McCurdy. "Time-Varying Window Length for Correlation Forecasts." Econometrics 5, no. 4 (December 11, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics5040054.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Kanayama, Tadashi, and Tadashi Kotera. "Vibration of String with Time-Varying Length." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 59, no. 564 (1993): 2415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.59.2415.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kuliev, A., V. Kumar, R. Schwindt, D. Selvanathan, A. M. Dabiran, P. Chow, and I. Adesida. "0.15 μm gate-length AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with varying gate recess length." Solid-State Electronics 47, no. 1 (January 2003): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1101(02)00258-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Mayolo, Patrick, Kristin L. Kress, Paul Kang, and David E. Jaffe. "Hammertoe Correction with Wire Fixation of Varying Length." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00357.

Full text

Abstract:

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Lesser Toes Introduction/Purpose: Hammertoe deformities are commonly encountered and frequently require surgical intervention for pain relief and shoewear accommodation. Various techniques exist for surgical management, but proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint fusion with Kirschner (K) -wire fixation remains an inexpensive, popular treatment. The decision to place a K wire that spans the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint versus only fixating the digit through the proximal phalanx is entirely dependent on provider preference and situational context. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of length of wire fixation on clinical outcomes after hammertoe reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective review of all hammertoe reconstructions by a single fellowship trained foot and ankle surgeon from 2017-2021 was performed. Hammertoe reconstructions involved PIP arthrodesis with double wire fixation and other supplemental balancing procedures as indicated. Pins were routinely removed at between 5-6 weeks and protected heel weightbearing was generally advised. Wire length was chosen at the discretion of the surgeon intraoperatively. Patients were excluded if no radiographic follow-up was available after pin removal. Patient outcomes were evaluated with radiographs and clinic notes to assess pin length, pin complications/breakage, return to the OR, MTP congruency, and PIP union rate. A logistic regression was performed to determine the odds ratio for digit congruency and non-union status. Results: 88 toes (45 patients) underwent hammertoe reconstruction with K wire fixation. Of these toes, 47 had wires that spanned the MTP and 41 that did not. There were 65 congruent MTP joints and 23 incongruent joints. 16 of the incongruent joints were pinned across the MTP while 31 in the congruent group were pinned. One toe in the MTP group required return to the OR for removal of a broken wire, compared to zero in the phalanx group (p=1.0). No pins broke in the phalanx group, compared to 3 in the MTP group (p=0.25). One toe in the proximal phalanx group had their pins pull out early but no return to the OR was needed. There were 26 (63.4%) PIP radiographic nonunions, compared to 21 (44.7%) in the MTP group (p=0.12). Conclusion: Wire failure was a rare occurrence in either group. Breakage only occurred in the MTP group, but only required one surgical intervention for removal. Pinning the MTP may allow for improved deformity correction and increased stability of the hammertoe reconstruction. Pin breakage can occur, but it may be of little clinical significance. The increased stability and control of MTP correction may be worth the potential risk of pin breakage. Pin breakage may be avoided potentially by using thicker wires, earlier removal, and protected weightbearing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Alava, M. J., and R. K. Ritala. "Fracture of Fibrous Networks with Varying Fibre Length." Physica Scripta T33 (January 1, 1990): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1990/t33/028.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

HASHIMOTO, Yoshio. "Free Vibration of String with Time-Varying Length." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 57, no. 539 (1991): 2167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.57.2167.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "VARYING LENGTH"

1

Södermann, Olle, and Daniel Topgaard. "Varying the gradient pulse length gives valuable information in NMR diffusometry." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-197077.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Södermann, Olle, and Daniel Topgaard. "Varying the gradient pulse length gives valuable information in NMR diffusometry." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 133, S. 1-2, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14476.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

St, Pierre Taunya Allyson. "Modelling the muscles of the lower extremity: The effect of varying joint angles on muscle length." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6241.

Full text

Abstract:

Polynomial regression was used to describe the relationship between lengths of the five muscles of interest and lower extremity joint angle(s). A difference between the genders was observed, so the male and female data were separated and five regression equations (one per muscle) were fitted to each data set. In an attempt to build general regression equations normalization and transformation of the data was performed, but these manipulations of the data did not lead to predictive equations. Addition of leg segment length, for the monoarticular muscles, and height, for the biarticular muscles, as independent variables did significantly increase model fit. The general regression model was quantitatively compared to the leg segment lengths and the actual observed values. It was also qualitatively compared to two other models. Results showed that while the general regression model is good at predicting muscle function, it is not a very accurate predictor of muscle length.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Gittens, Shaun. "Neural network generation of temporal sequences from single static vector inputs using varying length distal target sequences." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6710.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Tempel, Philipp [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Pott. "Dynamics of cable-driven parallel robots with elastic and flexible, time-varying length cables / Philipp Tempel ; Betreuer: Andreas Pott." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1207836842/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Bauer, Michael. "Dynamical characterization of Markov processes with varying order." Master's thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200900153.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Gavit, Sarah A. "Varying tether lengths for modifying orbital eccentricities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15236.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND AERO.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Sarah K. Gavit.
M.S.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Tenny, Joseph S. "Numerical Simulations in Electro-osmotic Flow." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/186.

Full text

Abstract:

The developing flow field in a parallel plate microchannel, induced by wall motion, has been modeled numerically. This type of flow simulates the physical driving mechanism that exists in electro-osmotically generated flow with large channel diameter-to-Debye length ratios (Z). The physics of the flow field were compared between the moving wall model (MWM) and electro-osmotic flow (EOF) at Reynolds numbers of 1 and 1800, and Z > 2500. Also, Z-values between 50 and 500 were studied to investigate the accuracy of the MWM. Results show that for Z-values greater than 100 the MWM shows good agreement with EOF. The dynamics of the developing flow field for the MWM were explored for channel length-to-hydraulic diameter ratios (aspect ratio) of 5, 10, 20 and 40 at ten Reynolds numbers, Re (based on the wall velocity), below Re < 2000. The results show that far from the inlet the maximum fluid velocity occurs at the walls, as is expected, and the minimum velocity occurs at the channel center. Near the channel inlet, however, the centerline velocity is not a minimum but reaches a local maximum due to a resulting pressure imbalance generated by the wall motion. As the aspect ratio increases, the centerline velocity tends to approach the wall velocity far downstream from the inlet. Increases in the Reynolds number have the opposite effect on the centerline velocity. The hydrodynamic developing region, defined by that section of the channel where the wall shear stress is changing, also depends on the channel aspect ratio and Re, and is greater than the developing region for classical pressure-driven flow of a parallel plate channel. Also, the flow field physics was analyzed for a process called electro-mobility focusing (EMF). EMF is a process that separates and detects species of like charge with the use of electro-phoresis and EOF utilizing a varying voltage gradient. The velocity distribution and the effective diffusion were solved for analytically, for both a linear and non-linear voltage gradient, using the MWM and the creeping flow approximations. The resulting equations aid in optimizing the detection system by forcing the lowest effective diffusion (uniform velocity profile) to the detection location.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Boonprasit, Wimonrat. "A study of producing smoother gradients in the flexographic process on oriented polypropylene with UV ink by varying screening techniques, gradient lengths and the surrounding /." Link to online version, 2006. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/2289.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kaczmarczyk, Stefan. "Non-stationary responses on hoisting cables with slowly varying length." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6875.

Full text

Abstract:

Cables in hoisting installations, due to their flexibility, are susceptible to vibrations. A common arrangement in industrial hoisting systems comprises a driving winder drum, a steel wire cable, a sheave mounted in headgear, a vertical shaft and a conveyance. This system can be treated as an assemblage of two connected interactive, continuous substructures, namely of the catenary and of the vertical rope, with the sheave acting as a coupling member, and with the winder drum regarded as an ideal energy source. The length of the vertical rope is varying during the wind so that the mean catenary tension is continuously varying. Therefore, the natural frequencies of both subsystems are time-dependent and the entire structure represents a non-stationary dynamic system. The main dynamic response, namely lateral vibrations of the catenary and longitudinal vibrations of the vertical rope, are caused by various sources of excitation present in the system. The most significant sources are loads due to the winding cycle acceleration/deceleration profile and a mechanism applied on the winder drum surface in order to achieve a uniform coiling pattern. The classical moving frame approach is used to derive a mathematical model describing the non-stationary response of the system. First the longitudinal response and passage through primary resonance is examined. The response is analyzed using a combined perturbation and numerical technique. The method of multiple scales is used to formulate a uniformly valid perturbation expansion for the response near the resonance, and a system of first order ordinary differential equations for the slowly varying amplitude and phase of the response results. This system is integrated numerically on a slow time scale. A model example is discussed, and the behaviour of the essential dynamic properties of the system during the transition through resonance is examined. Interactions between various types of vibration within the system exist. The sheave inertial coupling between the catenary and the vertical rope subsystems facilitates extensive interactions between the catenary and the vertical rope motions. The nature of these interactions is strongly non-linear. The lateral vibration of the catenary induces the longitudinal oscillations in the vertical system and vice-versa. In order to analyze dynamic phenomena arising due these interactions the nonlinear partial-differential equations of motion are discretised by writing the deflections in terms of the linear, free-vibration modes of the system, which result in a non-linear set of coupled, second order ordinary differential equations with slowly varying coefficients. Using this formulation, the dynamic response of an existing hoisting installation, where problematic dynamic behaviour was observed, is simulated numerically. The simulation predicts strong modal interactions during passage through external, parametric and internal resonances, confirming the autoparametric and non-stationary nature of the system recorded during its operation. The results of this research demonstrate the non-stationary and non-linear behaviour of hoisting cables with slowly varying length. It is shown that during passage through resonance a large response may lead to high oscillations in the cables' tensions, which in turn contribute directly to fatigue damage effects. The results obtained show also that the non-linear coupling in the system promotes significant modal interactions during the passage through the instability regions. The analysis techniques presented in the study form a useful tool that can be employed in determining the design parameters of hoisting systems, as well as in developing a careful winding strategy, to ensure that the regions of excessive dynamic response are avoided during the normal operating regimes.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1999.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "VARYING LENGTH"

1

To be hung from the ceiling by strings of varying length. New York: Akashic Books, 2009.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Reid, Rick. To be hung from the ceiling by strings of varying length. New York: Akashic Books, 2009.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Shen, Dong, and Xuefang Li. Iterative Learning Control for Systems with Iteration-Varying Trial Lengths. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6136-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hyland-Russell, Tara. Indigenous Novels in Canada. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0026.

Full text

Abstract:

Canadian Indigenous novels emerged as a specific genre within the last thirty years, rooted in a deep, thousands-year-old ‘performance art and poetic tradition’ of oratory, oral story, poetry, and drama. In addition to these oral and performance traditions are the ‘unique and varying methods of written communication’ that flourished long before contact with Europeans. The chapter considers Canadian novels by Indigenous writers. It shows that Indigenous fiction is deeply intertwined with history, politics, and a belief in the power of story to name, resist, and heal; that novel-length Aboriginal fiction in Canada built on a growing body of other forms of Indigenous literature; and that many Indigenous novels foreground their relationship with place and identity as key features of the resistance against systemic and institutional racism. It also examines coming-of-age novels of the 1980s and 1990s that are grounded in realism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Shen, Dong, and Xuefang Li. Iterative Learning Control for Systems with Iteration-Varying Trial Lengths: Synthesis and Analysis. Springer, 2019.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Cardiovascular and body composition responses to aerobic dance training of varying frequencies and total program lengths. 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Cardiovascular and body composition responses to aerobic dance training of varying frequencies and total program lengths. 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

1928-, Roundy Elmo Smith, ed. Cardiovascular and body composition responses to aerobic dance training of varying frequencies and total program lengths. 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.

Full text

Abstract:

The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Olivér, Gábor. CRITIQUE OF THE ASILOMAR AI PRINCIPLES = AZ ASILOMARI ELVEK KRITIKÁJA. GeniaNet Bt., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/cotaap-2022.

Full text

Abstract:

The intelligent man with consciousness is the pinnacle of the evolution of matter that we know. So far. We know, however, that evolution will not stop. Although with sections and dead ends of varying lengths, it is moving towards the increasing complexity of organizations, so it is probably not the human in today's sense is its end point. The development of artificial intelligences that we are planning, for example, may meet both our intentions and the criteria of evolution, but as a novelty it also holds the possibility of a future without us. The latter, in turn, creates tension between the species-maintainer desires of homo sapiens and the unknown future course of evolution. The Asilomar principles seek to alleviate this tension by limiting the development of artificial intelligences. However, as technological advances lead to an increase in autonomy, this is at most a plan for time-gaining. In addition to the Asilomar program, then, there is a need for a “Second Foundation” that can reconcile the future of man not only with artificial intelligences but also with evolution. If we want to survive, the evolutionary adaptation of homo sapiens could really ease the pressure of technological determinism on us. At the 2017 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Safety Technology in Asilomar, participants signed an agreement.[1] They were of the opinion that the development of artificial intelligences should be controlled. More specifically, to limit the future development of algorithms in a way that suits for homo sapiens. In doing so, they sought to meet the future challenges posed by autonomous technologies.[2] The question is whether the Asilomar goal is a real possibility or just a formulation of desires? In the following, after a brief introduction to the ability or get know and formability of the future, I examine the truthfulness of the Asilomar program.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "VARYING LENGTH"

1

Streett, C. L., and M. Y. Hussaini. "Finite Length Taylor Couette Flow." In Stability of Time Dependent and Spatially Varying Flows, 312–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4724-1_17.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Söffker, D. "Dynamics of Elastic Robot Arms with Varying Length." In Theory and Practice of Robots and Manipulators, 65–70. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2698-1_7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Van der Kindere, Jacques W., and Bharathram Ganapathisubramani. "Characteristics of Recirculation Regions on Ribs of Varying Length." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 213–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30602-5_27.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Biswas, Bidisha, Durjoy Roy, and Manotosh Biswas. "Investigation of Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Varying Probe Length." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 487–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3812-9_51.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Chandrakala, S., and C. Chandra Sekhar. "Classification of Multi-variate Varying Length Time Series Using Descriptive Statistical Features." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 13–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11164-8_3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ziv-Ukelson, Michal, and Aaron Kershenbaum. "A dictionary matching algorithm fast on the average for terms of varying length." In Combinatorial Pattern Matching, 34–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0030779.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sun, Hao, and Xiaojun Zheng. "Tandem Workshop Scheduling Based on Sectional Coding and Varying Length Crossover Genetic Algorithm." In Intelligent Computing and Internet of Things, 34–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2384-3_4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Tempel, Philipp, Dongwon Lee, Felix Trautwein, and Andreas Pott. "Modeling of Elastic-Flexible Cables with Time-Varying Length for Cable-Driven Parallel Robots." In Mechanisms and Machine Science, 295–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20751-9_25.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kudo, Kenko, and Yoshiaki Terumichi. "Numerical Analysis Method for Flexible Tether with Time-Varying Length Across a Variable Boundary." In Vibration Engineering for a Sustainable Future, 59–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46466-0_9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Brunet, James, Athanasios Demetri Pananos, and Aleksander Essex. "Review Your Choices: When Confirmation Pages Break Ballot Secrecy in Online Elections." In Electronic Voting, 36–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15911-4_3.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractOnline voting systems typically display a confirmation screen allowing voters to confirm their selections before casting. This paper considers whether a network-based observer can extract information about voter selections from the length of the exchanged network data.We conducted a detailed analysis of the Simply Voting implementation, which had randomly varying lengths of exchanged data due to dynamic page content and gzip compression. We demonstrated that we could correctly guess a voter’s selection with accuracy values ranging up to 100% in some instances. Even on more complex ballots, we generally could still rule out some combinations of candidates. We conducted a coordinated disclosure with the vendor and worked with them to roll out a mitigation.To their credit, this discovery (and therefore its fix) was made possible by their willingness to provide a publicly accessible demo, which, as we will show, remains a rarity in the industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "VARYING LENGTH"

1

Buttigieg, Victor, and Johann A. Briffa. "Time-Varying Variable-Length Error-Correcting Codes." In 2018 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/isita.2018.8664247.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Schröder, Christoph, Sahar Mahdie Klim Al Zaidawi, Martin H. U. Prinzler, Sebastian Maneth, and Gabriel Zachmann. "Robustness of Eye Movement Biometrics Against Varying Stimuli and Varying Trajectory Length." In CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376534.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Fogel, Sharon, Hadar Averbuch-Elor, Sarel Cohen, Shai Mazor, and Roee Litman. "ScrabbleGAN: Semi-Supervised Varying Length Handwritten Text Generation." In 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00438.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Btoush, Mohammad Hjouj, Jawed Siddiqi, Babak Akhgar, and Ziad Dawahdeh. "Observations on Compressing Text Files of Varying Length." In 2008 Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itng.2008.61.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Zhang, Xuchao, Bo Zong, Wei Cheng, Jingchao Ni, Yanchi Liu, and Haifeng Chen. "Unsupervised Concept Representation Learning for Length-Varying Text Similarity." In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.445.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ni, J., W. D. Zhu, and J. Huang. "Active control of a traveling medium with varying length." In Proceedings of the 1998 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.1998.703372.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Schüler, Nadine, Kay Dornich, and Jürgen R. Niklas. "Injection dependent lifetime spectroscopy with a varying pulse length." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS 2013: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors, ICDS-2013. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4865637.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Clarke, Shaun D., Mark M. Bourne, and Sara A. Pozzi. "Fast Neutron Detection with Varying-Length Trans-Stilbene Scintillators." In 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic42101.2019.9059809.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kenji Iwana, Brian. "On Mini-Batch Training with Varying Length Time Series." In ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746542.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Song, Hongzhi, Yi Fu, Yu Qi, Liang Zhang, and Xiaolong Luke Zhang. "A length compensation method to eliminate the varying length defect in one dimensional fisheye views." In 2010 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2010.5512457.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "VARYING LENGTH"

1

Broschat, Susan R. Patient Outcomes in Varying Length Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Programs at the Denver VA Medical Center. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada372273.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

OKAY, ERHAN, KORHAN OZKAN, Keith Baldwin, Alexandre Arkader, and Souroush Baghdadi. The clinical outcomes and current evidence in the surgical treatment of extremity-located fibrous dysplasia. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0020.

Full text

Abstract:

Review question / Objective: What are clinical outcomes and current evidence in the surgical treatment of extremity-located fibrous dysplasia? Condition being studied: Fibrous dysplasia is the fibro-osseous lesion of tissue where normal bone tissue is replaced by collagen fibroblast and varying amounts of osteoid cells which is caused by GNAS gene mutation. Surgery aims to correct deformities and avoid limb length discrepancies in symptomatic cases. Available options include curettage, grafting, corrective osteotomies, and using fixation materials. There is a need for an optimal surgical treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Guppy, Babur, and Remezani. L51555 Estimation of Average Reservoir Pressure in Underground Storage Reservoirs. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011302.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to examine different methods available for estimating the average reservoir pressure of an underground storage reservoir and to determine the relative accuracy of each technique under varying conditions. Three techniques were reviewed, including a new procedure developed as a part of this research project. Approach 1: Shutting-in all wells and monitoring several wells or one representative well upstructure after a selected length of time. Either the arithmetic or weighted average of the final pressure for all the wells is used to determine the average reservoir pressure. Approach 2: Pressure build-up analysis was performed on several wells and the average reservoir pressure for that drainage area was determined from the Horner plots. The average reservoir pressure for the entire reservoir was found by computing the weighted average of average drainage pressures for the individual wells. Approach 3: All data collected from Approach 2 was combined into one composite Horner plot from which the average reservoir pressure could be determined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Fourie and Tullmin. L51912 Corrosion-CP Monitoring of Locations Remote from a Test Station. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010624.

Full text

Abstract:

It is accepted that many situations exist on pipelines where a significant length of the pipeline (typically 2000 ft to 5 miles) is either totally inaccessible or access is so difficult or expensive that monitoring is not done at the required frequency. The need for finding a technique to allow the corrosion engineer to monitor CP levels of inaccessible locations from an accessible remote location has therefore been identified. A study to investigate all possible techniques available to achieve the above objective and to analyze typical scenarios requiring this approach has therefore been undertaken. Numerous techniques varying from pipe-to-soil type measurements, above ground current attenuation measurements, direct measurement of pipeline current, and measurement of the AC impedance response of the inaccessible section of pipeline were identified. In addition, some novel remote monitoring methods applicable to hostile inaccessible locations were identified. Analysis of these techniques in relation to the problem lead to the development of an algorithm to facilitate the choice of possible techniques under specific conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Hart, James, Nasir Zulfiqar, and Carl Popelar. L52289 Use of Pipeline Geometry Monitoring to Assess Pipeline Condition. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010254.

Full text

Abstract:

Describes an algorithm is developed for deducing the longitudinal or axial strain from geometry pig measurements of a laterally displaced pipeline; often caused by geohazards. The development is limited to those lateral displacements of the pipeline that results in a predominantly transverse loading; i.e., the induced transverse component of the loading is much greater than its axial component. The emphasis is upon evaluating inelastic straining that accompanies large lateral displacement of the pipeline. The induced extensional strain is found to vary linearly with the change in curvature of the pipeline. The validity of the approach is established through favorable comparisons of the predictions for the extensional strains with those determined from buried pipeline finite element simulations of various displaced pipe configurations, pipe geometries, and loading amplitudes. Since the algorithm relies only upon measurements of the geometry of the displaced pipeline, it is independent of the pipe's and soil's material properties, pipe-soil interaction, and the loading conditions. Benefit: The efficacy of the algorithm is demonstrated by performing a large matrix of finite element simulations of displaced pipelines of different geometries subjected to block subsidence, landslides intersecting the pipeline at varying angles, fault crossings at different angles and different loading states, and comparing the analytical strains with the strains deduced from digital pig measurements of the curvature of the deformed pipeline. In this regard, the finite element simulations serve the role of surrogate geometry pig measurements. These comparisons are used to establish the resolution of the change in curvature measurement required of a geometry pig to produce a reliable estimate for the longitudinal strain in a displaced pipeline. An error analysis is also performed to establish the relative error as a function of the curvature measurement gage length, a characteristic feature-length, and the abruptness of the displaced shape of the pipeline.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hart, Carl, and Gregory Lyons. A tutorial on the rapid distortion theory model for unidirectional, plane shearing of homogeneous turbulence. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44766.

Full text

Abstract:

The theory of near-surface atmospheric wind noise is largely predicated on assuming turbulence is homogeneous and isotropic. For high turbulent wavenumbers, this is a fairly reasonable approximation, though it can introduce non-negligible errors in shear flows. Recent near-surface measurements of atmospheric turbulence suggest that anisotropic turbulence can be adequately modeled by rapid-distortion theory (RDT), which can serve as a natural extension of wind noise theory. Here, a solution for the RDT equations of unidirectional plane shearing of homogeneous turbulence is reproduced. It is assumed that the time-varying velocity spectral tensor can be made stationary by substituting an eddy-lifetime parameter in place of time. General and particular RDT evolution equations for stochastic increments are derived in detail. Analytical solutions for the RDT evolution equation, with and without an effective eddy viscosity, are given. An alternative expression for the eddy-lifetime parameter is shown. The turbulence kinetic energy budget is examined for RDT. Predictions by RDT are shown for velocity (co)variances, one-dimensional streamwise spectra, length scales, and the second invariant of the anisotropy tensor of the moments of velocity. The RDT prediction of the second invariant for the velocity anisotropy tensor is shown to agree better with direct numerical simulations than previously reported.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Elbaum, Michael, and Peter J. Christie. Type IV Secretion System of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Components and Structures. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699848.bard.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives: The overall goal of the project was to build an ultrastructural model of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens type IV secretion system (T4SS) based on electron microscopy, genetics, and immunolocalization of its components. There were four original aims: Aim 1: Define the contributions of contact-dependent and -independent plant signals to formation of novel morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 2: Genetic basis for morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 3: Immuno-localization of VirB proteins Aim 4: Structural definition of the substrate translocation route. There were no major revisions to the aims, and the work focused on the above questions. Background: Agrobacterium presents a unique example of inter-kingdom gene transfer. The process involves cell to cell transfer of both protein and DNA substrates via a contact-dependent mechanism akin to bacterial conjugation. Transfer is mediated by a T4SS. Intensive study of the Agrobacterium T4SS has made it an archetypal model for the genetics and biochemistry. The channel is assembled from eleven protein components encoded on the B operon in the virulence region of the tumor-inducing plasmid, plus an additional coupling protein, VirD4. During the course of our project two structural studies were published presenting X-ray crystallography and three-dimensional reconstruction from electron microscopy of a core complex of the channel assembled in vitro from homologous proteins of E. coli, representing VirB7, VirB9, and VirB10. Another study was published claiming that the secretion channels in Agrobacterium appear on helical arrays around the membrane perimeter and along the entire length of the bacterium. Helical arrangements in bacterial membranes have since fallen from favor however, and that finding was partially retracted in a second publication. Overall, the localization of the T4SS within the bacterial membranes remains enigmatic in the literature, and we believe that our results from this project make a significant advance. Summary of achievements : We found that polar inflations and other membrane disturbances relate to the activation conditions rather than to virulence protein expression. Activation requires low pH and nutrient-poor medium. These stress conditions are also reflected in DNA condensation to varying degrees. Nonetheless, they must be considered in modeling the T4SS as they represent the relevant conditions for its expression and activity. We identified the T4SS core component VirB7 at native expression levels using state of the art super-resolution light microscopy. This marker of the secretion system was found almost exclusively at the cell poles, and typically one pole. Immuno-electron microscopy identified the protein at the inner membrane, rather than at bridges across the inner and outer membranes. This suggests a rare or transient assembly of the secretion-competent channel, or alternatively a two-step secretion involving an intermediate step in the periplasmic space. We followed the expression of the major secreted effector, VirE2. This is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that forms a capsid around the transferred oligonucleotide, adapting the bacterial conjugation to the eukaryotic host. We found that over-expressed VirE2 forms filamentous complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm that could be observed both by conventional fluorescence microscopy and by correlative electron cryo-tomography. Using a non-retentive mutant we observed secretion of VirE2 from bacterial poles. We labeled the secreted substrates in vivo in order detect their secretion and appearance in the plant cells. However the low transfer efficiency and significant background signal have so far hampered this approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Horvit, Andrew, and Donald Molony. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mortality and Kidney Function in Uranium – Exposed Individuals. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0122.

Full text

Abstract:

Review question / Objective: 1) In humans, how does environmental and/or occupational exposure to uranium affect the risk of mortality due to primary kidney disease compared to unexposed individuals? (2) In humans, how does environmental and/or occupational exposure to uranium affect the risk of developing kidney failure compared to unexposed individuals? Eligibility criteria: We included cohort studies that evaluate the risk of CKD/ESKD due to uranium exposure. We also included cohort studies that evaluate standardized mortality due to all-cause mortality, kidney cancer, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in humans with exposure to uranium. We also included cross sectional studies that evaluate renal function in humans exposed to uranium via biomarkers and hard clinical measures (such as creatinine clearance) compared to humans with low/no uranium exposure. In order to not include the same cohort multiple times in the statistical analyses, we selected studies that evaluated an outcome of interest for a given cohort for the longest follow-up period. When this was not possible (due to multiple studies using different combinations of cohorts with varying lengths of follow up), the study with the largest study population size was selected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Gelb, Jr., Jack, Yoram Weisman, Brian Ladman, and Rosie Meir. Identification of Avian Infectious Brochitis Virus Variant Serotypes and Subtypes by PCR Product Cycle Sequencing for the Rational Selection of Effective Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586470.bard.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives 1. Determine the serotypic identities of 40 recent IBV isolates from commercial chickens raised in the USA and Israel. 2. Sequence all IBV field isolates using PCR product cycle sequencing and analyze their S 1 sequence to detennine their homology to other strains in the Genbank and EMBL databases. 3. Select vaccinal strains with the highest S 1 sequence homology to the field isolates and perform challenge of immunity studies in chickens in laboratory trials to detennine level of protection afforded by the vaccines. Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, economically important disease of the chicken. IB occurs as a respiratory form, associated with airsacculitis, condemnation, and mortality of meat-type broilers, a reproductive form responsible for egg production losses in layers and breeders, and a renal form causing high mortality in broilers and pullets. The causative agent is avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Replication of the virus' RNA genome is error-prone and mutations commonly result. A major target for mutation is the gene encoding the spike (S) envelope protein used by the virus to attach and infect the host cell. Mutations in the S gene result in antigenic changes that can lead to the emergence of variant serotypes. The S gene is able to tolerate numerous mutations without compromising the virus' ability to replicate and cause disease. An end result of the virus' "flexibility" is that many strains of IBV are capable of existing in nature. Once formed, new mutant strains, often referred to as variants, are soon subjected to immunological selection so that only the most antigenically novel variants survive in poultry populations. Many novel antigenic variant serotypes and genotypes have been isolated from commercial poultry flocks. Identification of the field isolates of IBV responsible for outbreaks is critical for selecting the appropriate strain(s) for vaccination. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the Sl subunit of the envelope spike glycoprotein gene has been a common method used to identify field strains, replacing other time-consuming or less precise tests. Two PCR approaches have been used for identification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct automated cycle sequence analysis of a diagnostically relevant hypervariab1e region were compared in our BARD research. Vaccination for IB, although practiced routinely in commercial flocks, is often not protective. Field isolates responsible for outbreaks may be unrelated to the strain(s) used in the vaccination program. However, vaccines may provide varying degrees of cross- protection vs. unrelated field strains so vaccination studies should be performed. Conclusions RFLP and S1 sequence analysis methods were successfully performed using the field isolates from the USA and Israel. Importantly, the S1 sequence analysis method enabled a direct comparison of the genotypes of the field strains by aligning them to sequences in public databases e.g. GenBank. Novel S1 gene sequences were identified in both USA and Israel IBVs but greater diversity was observed in the field isolates from the USA. One novel genotype, characterized in this project, Israel/720/99, is currently being considered for development as an inactivated vaccine. Vaccination with IBV strains in the US (Massachusetts, Arkansas, Delaware 072) or in Israel (Massachusetts, Holland strain) provided higher degrees of cross-protection vs. homologous than heterologous strain challenge. In many cases however, vaccination with two strains (only studies with US strains) produced reasonable cross-protection against heterologous field isolate challenge. Implications S1 sequence analysis provides numerical similarity values and phylogenetic information that can be useful, although by no means conclusive, in developing vaccine control strategies. Identification of many novel S1 genotypes of IBV in the USA is evidence that commercial flocks will be challenged today and in the future with strains unrelated to vaccines. In Israel, monitoring flocks for novel IBV field isolates should continue given the identification of Israel/720/99, and perhaps others in the future. Strains selected for vaccination of commercial flocks should induce cross- protection against unrelated genotypes. Using diverse genotypes for vaccination may result in immunity against unrelated field strains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Parsons, Helen M. Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer260.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. To understand the evidence base for nutrition interventions delivered prior to or during cancer treatment for preventing and treating negative cancer and cancer treatment–related outcomes among individuals with or at risk for malnutrition. The primary purpose was to inform the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pathways to Prevention workshop Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes, held July 26–28, 2022. Data sources. We searched Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies from 2000 through July 2022. We conducted grey literature searches to identify additional resources relevant to the associated costs or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) of nutrition interventions. Review methods. The review was guided by a set of Key Questions established by the NIH planning committee for the Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes workshop. We searched for studies that evaluated a broad range of nutrition interventions (e.g., dietary supplements, nutrition support, nutrition counseling) for preventing and treating negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with enrollment ≥50 participants. We extracted basic study information from all eligible studies, then grouped studies by broad intervention and cancer types. We provide a detailed evidence map for all included studies, but conducted risk of bias and additional qualitative descriptions of outcomes for only those intervention and cancer types with a larger volume of literature. Results. We identified 9,798 unique references, with 206 studies from 219 publications reporting RCTs of nutrition interventions to potentially improve negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Two decades of randomized trial evidence on nutrition interventions for adults prior to and/or during cancer treatment primarily focused on dietary supplements, nutrition support (including oral nutrition supplements), and the route or timing of nutrition interventions for gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in the inpatient setting. Most studies evaluated changes in body weight/composition, adverse events, length of hospital stay, and quality of life. Few studies were conducted within the U.S. setting. Among intervention and cancer types with a high volume of literature (n=114), which predominantly included studies in dietary supplements and nutrition support in gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers, 11 percent (n=12) were rated as low risk of bias (higher quality), 40 percent (n=46) medium risk of bias, and 49 percent (n=56) high risk of bias (lower quality). Low and medium risk-of-bias studies reported mixed results on the effect of nutrition interventions across cancer and treatment-related outcomes. Although the evidence map shows a large volume of studies evaluating nutrition interventions and outcomes, these studies showed high heterogeneity across study populations, interventions, and outcomes (measure definitions, timing of measurements), even within nutrition intervention categories; as a result, we could not aggregate results. While studies enrolled individuals from multiple cancer types, treatments, and stages, across the lifespan, with varying degrees of muscle wasting, and in those with a range of comorbid conditions, no eligible studies specifically evaluated whether the effects of nutrition interventions on preventing negative outcomes varied across these characteristics. Among studies included in our Key Questions, we found that few (4%, n=8) published cost or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) information related to the intervention. In our grey literature search of additional studies examining cost or value of nutrition interventions, we found few studies that conducted cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analyses; among those that did, we found the studies were conducted in non-U.S. health systems and demonstrated mixed results on the value of nutrition interventions. Conclusions. Although overall RCT evidence focused on a wide range of nutrition interventions, studies were concentrated in use of dietary supplements, nutrition support, and the route or timing of nutrition interventions within gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in inpatient settings. Among interventions with the highest volume of literature, the majority of studies were rated as high risk of bias. Our findings point to the need for rigorous new research to bolster the evidence base. Specifically, the field needs a more detailed future evaluation of a subset of nutrition interventions contained in this evidence map that focuses on priorities most relevant to specific stakeholders (e.g., oncologists, patients, dietitians, researchers, policymakers). Further, studies should be specifically designed to evaluate the main outcomes of interest for clinical practice. Future research would also benefit from creation of standardized taxonomies for interventions and outcomes as well as more rigorous design and reporting of nutrition interventions. As mentioned, heterogeneity of populations, interventions, comparators, and outcomes precluded aggregation. Currently, the quality and heterogeneity of the studies limit translation of findings into clinical practice or guidelines. In order to inform development of these guidelines, coordinated efforts are required to develop detailed conceptual frameworks for mechanisms of nutrition interventions most relevant to clinical care providers and patients. Such frameworks would help inform priorities for future research as well as guide practice and policy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!