Relevant bibliographies by topics / Variable-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage

Academic literature on the topic 'Variable-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Variable-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage"

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LUFT, WERNER. "High-temperature Solar Thermal Energy Storage." International Journal of Solar Energy 3, no. 1 (January 1985): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425918408914381.

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Bisio, G. "Exergy Analysis of Thermal Energy Storage With Specific Remarks on the Variation of the Environmental Temperature." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2848020.

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Energy storage is a key technology for many purposes and in particular for air conditioning plants and a successful exploitation of solar energy. Thermal storage devices are usually classified as either variable temperature (“sensible heat”) or constant temperature (“latent heat”) devices. For both models a basic question is to determine the efficiency suitably: Only exergy efficiency appears a proper way. The aim of this paper is to examine exergy efficiency in both variable and constant temperature systems. From a general statement of exergy efficiency by the present author, two types of actual definitions are proposed, depending on the fact that the exergy of the fluid leaving the thermal storage during the charge phase can be either totally lost or utilized elsewhere. In addition, specific remarks are made about the exergy of a system in a periodically varying temperature environment.
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Nayan, Kamal, Abhishek Anand, Amritanshu Shukla, Dharam Buddhi, and Atul Sharma. "Development of phase change materials for low-temperature thermal energy storage application." F1000Research 11 (November 11, 2022): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127093.1.

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Background: Energy storage is very critical for reducing the mismatch between demand and supply thus offering better management capabilities. It reduces the peak energy demand and increases efficiency, security, and reliability. There is unavailability of low-cost phase change materials (PCMs) in the lower temperature range. Methods: This study discusses the creation of eutectic from capric acid and paraffin wax. A series of blending of capric acid/paraffin wax (CA/PW) were prepared, having variable weight-composition. The thermophysical properties were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry, Further, thermal cycle testing was done to understand the thermal stability and reliability of the prepared eutectics. Results: The area underneath the peak is used to calculate the latent heat of fusion, and the tangent of the steepest slope at the peak of the crest is used to calculate the melting temperature (Tm). Differential scanning calorimetry results showed the developed eutectic had an appropriate melting temperature and adequate latent heat of fusion of 29.86 °C - 30.60 °C and 154.15–198.62 kJ/kg respectively, and can be used for various thermal energy storage applications in buildings, solar absorption chillers, surgical dress/clinical bed, and photovoltaic systems. Conclusions: The accelerated thermal cycle of the same confirmed its thermal stability up to 500 heating and cooling cycles. It was discovered that variable heating and cooling speeds had no significant influence on the melting temperature and latent heat of fusion of PW/CA eutectics. Further, the economic study revealed that the created PCM is inexpensive and readily available in the Indian market.
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Jotshi, C. K., D. Y. Goswami, J. F. Klausner, and S. Malakar. "A water heater using very high-temperature storage and variable thermal contact resistance." International Journal of Energy Research 25, no. 10 (2001): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.727.

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Li, Kecen, Jie Chen, Xueqin Tian, and Yujing He. "Study on the Performance of Variable Density Multilayer Insulation in Liquid Hydrogen Temperature Region." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 9267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249267.

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The storage of hydrogen is important for the development of hydrogen energy, especially for the storage of liquid hydrogen, which has been receiving more and more attention recently. In order to study the thermal insulation performance of variable-density multilayer insulation (VDMLI) structures under different working conditions at liquid hydrogen temperatures without incorporating a composite structure, we established a heat transfer model based on a layer-by-layer calculation method. Then, we carried out numerical calculations to analyze the influence of the total number of layers, the thermal boundary temperature, and vacuums on the performance of MLI at liquid hydrogen temperatures. To investigate the optimization of variable-density configurations on the thermal insulation performance of VDMLI and to obtain accurate variable-density configurations, we proposed a variable-density configuration method based on the control variable method and the insertion by region method. The results indicate that the optimal variable-density configuration is the insertion of 4 layers of radiation shields in the low-density region, 15 layers in the medium-density region and 38 layers in the high-density region. Compared with a uniform-density structure, the heat flux is reduced by 8.6%.
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Adebiyi, G. A., B. K. Hodge, W. G. Steele, A. Jalalzadeh-Azar, and E. C. Nsofor. "Computer Simulation of a High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage System Employing Multiple Families of Phase-Change Storage Materials." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 118, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2792700.

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Previous work by one of the authors entailed modeling of a packed bed thermal energy storage system utilizing phase-change materials (PCM). A principal conclusion reached is that the use of a single family of phase-change storage material may not in fact produce a thermodynamically superior system relative to one utilizing sensible heat storage material. This paper describes the model constructed for the high-temperature thermal energy storage system utilizing multiple families of phasechange materials and presents results obtained in the exercise of the model. Other factors investigated include the effect on system performance due to the thermal mass of the containment vessel wall and variable temperature of the flue gas entering the packed bed during the storage process. The results obtained indicate efficiencies for the system utilizing the five PCM families exceeding those for the single PCM family by as much as 13 to 26 percent. It was also found that the heat transfer to the containment vessel wall could have a significant detrimental effect on system performance.
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Demchenko, Vladimir, Alina Konyk, and Vladimir Falko. "Mobile Thermal Energy Storage." NTU "KhPI" Bulletin: Power and heat engineering processes and equipment, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-774x.2021.03.06.

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The article is devoted to topical issues related to the storage, accumulation and transportation of heat by stationary and mobile heat storage. Analysis of the current state of the district heating system indicates significant heat losses at all stages of providing the consumer with heat. The use of heat storage in heat supply systems leads to balancing the heat supply system, namely, the peak load is reduced; heat production schedules are optimized by accumulating excess energy and using it during emergency outages; heat losses caused by uneven operation of thermal equipment during heat generation are reduced; the need for primary energy and fuel consumption is reduced, as well as the amount of harmful emissions into the environment. The main focus is on mobile thermal batteries (M-TES). The use of M-TES makes it possible to build a completely new discrete heat supply system without the traditional pipeline transport of the heat carrier. The defining parameters affecting the efficiency of the M-TES are the reliability and convenience of the design, the efficiency and volume of the “working fluid”, the operating temperature of the MTA recharging and the distance of transportation from the heat source to the consumer. The article contains examples of the implementation of mobile heat accumulators in the world and in Ukraine, their technical and technological characteristics, scope and degree of efficiency. The technical indicators of the implemented project for the creation of a mobile heat accumulator located in a 20-foot container and intended for transportation by any available means of transport are given.
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Adinberg, R., A. Yogev, and D. Kaftori. "High temperature thermal energy storage an experimental study." Le Journal de Physique IV 09, PR3 (March 1999): Pr3–89—Pr3–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1999314.

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Mojiri, Ahmad, Nikola Grbac, Brendan Bourke, and Gary Rosengarten. "D-mannitol for medium temperature thermal energy storage." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 176 (March 2018): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.11.028.

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Otto, Henning, Christian Resagk, and Christian Cierpka. "Optical Measurements on Thermal Convection Processes inside Thermal Energy Storages during Stand-By Periods." Optics 1, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt1010011.

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Thermal energy storages (TES) are increasingly important for storing energy from renewable energy sources. TES that work with liquid storage materials are used in their most efficient way by stratifying the storage fluid by its thermal density gradient. Mixing of the stratification layers during stand-by periods decreases the thermal efficiency of the TES. Tank sidewalls, unlike the often poorly heat-conducting storage fluids, promote a heat flux from the hot to the cold layer and lead to thermal convection. In this experimental study planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and background-oriented schlieren (BOS) temperature measurements are performed in a model experiment of a TES to characterise the influence of the thermal convection on the stratification and thus the storage efficiency. The PIV results show two vertical, counter-directed wall jets that approach in the thermocline between the stratification layers. The wall jet in the hot part of the thermal stratification shows compared to the wall jet in the cold region strong fluctuations in the vertical velocity, that promote mixing of the two layers. The BOS measurements have proven that the technique is capable of measuring temperature fields in thermally stratified storage tanks. The density gradient field as an intermediate result during the evaluation of the temperature field can be used to indicate convective structures that are in good agreement to the measured velocity fields.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Variable-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage"

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Oliver, David Elliot. "Phase-change materials for thermal energy storage." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17910.

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There is a current requirement for technologies that store heat for both domestic and industrial applications. Phase-change materials (PCMs) represent an important class of materials that offer potential for heat storage. Heat-storage systems are required to undergo multiple melt/freeze cycles without any change in melting-crystallisation point and heat output. Salt hydrates are attractive candidates on account of their high energy densities, but there are issues associated with potential crystallisation of lower-hydrates, long-term stability, and reliable nucleation. An extensive review of the PCMs in the literature, combined with an evaluation of commercially available PCMs led to the conclusion that many of the reported PCMs, lack at least one of the key requirements required for use as a heat-storage medium. The focus of this research was therefore to identify and characterise new PCM compositions with tailored properties. New PCM compositions based of sodium acetate trihydrate were developed, which showed improved properties through the use of selective polymers that retard the nucleation of undesirable anhydrous sodium acetate. Furthermore, the mechanism of nucleation of sodium acetate trihydrate by heterogeneous additives has been investigated using variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction. This study showed that when anhydrous Na2HPO4 was introduced to molten sodium acetate trihydrate at 58°C the hydrogenphosphate salt is present as the dihydrate. On heating to temperatures in the range 75-90°C the dihydrate was observed to dehydrate to form anhydrous Na₂HPO4. This result explains the prior observation that the nucleator is deactivated on heating. The depression of melting point of sodium acetate trihydrate caused by the addition of lithium acetate dihydrate has also been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. It has been possible to tune the melting point of sodium acetate trihydrate thereby modifying its thermal properties. Studies of the nucleation of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, a potential PCM, led to the structural characterisation of six new hydrates using single crystal Xray diffraction. All of these hydrates can exist in samples with the pentahydrate composition at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 45°C. These hydrates are: α-Na₂S₂O₃·2H₂O, which formed during the melting of α-Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O; two new pentahydrates, β-Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O and γ-Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O; Na₂S₂O₃·1.33 H₂O, β-Na₂S₂O₃·2H₂O and Na₂S₂O₃·3.67 H₂O, which formed during the melting of β- Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O. Furthermore, new PCMs in the 75-90°C range were identified. The commercial impact and route to market of several of the PCMs are discussed in the final chapter.
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Hinke, Themba D. "Hot thermal storage in a variable power, renewable energy system." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42645.

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This thesis outlines the design of a renewable energy heat generation system with thermal storage for DOD facilities. The DOD is seeking to implement an increased percentage of renewable energy systems at its facilities in order to improve energy security and reduce energy costs. The intermittent nature of renewable energy generation, however, presents a major challenge to full implementation. This shortfall can be overcome by targeted facility-scale energy storage that allows for increased use of renewable-only systems. Since a large percentage of the electric energy used in both residential and commercial facilities is for space and water heating, thermal storage is a viable solution. Presented in this thesis is a method for designing, analyzing, and sizing a facility-scale thermal storage system. The results demonstrate thermal storage is a more cost-effective option when compared to alternatives like battery storage. In addition to being cheaper, thermal storage systems are safer, more reliable, and have a longer life cycle.
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Boonyobhas, Rex A. "Control strategy: wind energy powered variable chiller with thermal ice storage." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44525.

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This study commissioned a variable speed chiller system powered by renewable energy with ice thermal storage. A control strategy was also developed that matched the chiller load to any available renewable power. These solutions will allow the Department of Defense to move away from the traditional, electrical-focused, energy storage methods such as batteries to targeted solutions for large energy uses, specifically cooling. This research required developing a SOFtware program to extract data from a micro-grid. In order to effectively use intermittent renewable power, the researcher created a control algorithm for operating the variable speed chiller, and used a monitoring system to match the load to the power production. The data demonstrated that wind energy at the Turbopropulsion Laboratory was intermittent and decreased from summer to fall. The study also created a model to simulate a three-blade vertical-axis wind turbine and compared the results to similar published data. The ANSYS CFX simulation results showed that the NACA0018 blade profile best matched the published result, and was thus selected for additional turbulence modeling. At speeds less than or equal to 10 m/s, the best turbulence for modeling the turbine was the shear stress transport model; at speeds greater than 10 m/s, standard k-epsilon provided the closer correlation.
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Gilpin, Matthew R. "High temperature latent heat thermal energy storage to augment solar thermal propulsion for microsatellites." Thesis, University of Southern California, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10160163.

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Solar thermal propulsion (STP) offers an unique combination of thrust and efficiency, providing greater total ΔV capability than chemical propulsion systems without the order of magnitude increase in total mission duration associated with electric propulsion. Despite an over 50 year development history, no STP spacecraft has flown to-date as both perceived and actual complexity have overshadowed the potential performance benefit in relation to conventional technologies. The trend in solar thermal research over the past two decades has been towards simplification and miniaturization to overcome this complexity barrier in an effort finally mount an in-flight test.

A review of micro-propulsion technologies recently conducted by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has identified solar thermal propulsion as a promising configuration for microsatellite missions requiring a substantial Δ V and recommended further study. A STP system provides performance which cannot be matched by conventional propulsion technologies in the context of the proposed microsatellite ''inspector" requiring rapid delivery of greater than 1500 m/s ΔV. With this mission profile as the target, the development of an effective STP architecture goes beyond incremental improvements and enables a new class of microsatellite missions.

Here, it is proposed that a bi-modal solar thermal propulsion system on a microsatellite platform can provide a greater than 50% increase in Δ V vs. chemical systems while maintaining delivery times measured in days. The realization of a microsatellite scale bi-modal STP system requires the integration of multiple new technologies, and with the exception of high performance thermal energy storage, the long history of STP development has provided "ready" solutions.

For the target bi-modal STP microsatellite, sensible heat thermal energy storage is insufficient and the development of high temperature latent heat thermal energy storage is an enabling technology for the platform. The use of silicon and boron as high temperature latent heat thermal energy storage materials has been in the background of solar thermal research for decades without a substantial investigation. This is despite a broad agreement in the literature about the performance benefits obtainable from a latent heat mechanisms which provides a high energy storage density and quasi-isothermal heat release at high temperature.

In this work, an experimental approach was taken to uncover the practical concerns associated specifically with applying silicon as an energy storage material. A new solar furnace was built and characterized enabling the creation of molten silicon in the laboratory. These tests have demonstrated the basic feasibility of a molten silicon based thermal energy storage system and have highlighted asymmetric heat transfer as well as silicon expansion damage to be the primary engineering concerns for the technology. For cylindrical geometries, it has been shown that reduced fill factors can prevent damage to graphite walled silicon containers at the expense of decreased energy storage density.

Concurrent with experimental testing, a cooling model was written using the "enthalpy method" to calculate the phase change process and predict test section performance. Despite a simplistic phase change model, and experimentally demonstrated complexities of the freezing process, results coincided with experimental data. It is thus possible to capture essential system behaviors of a latent heat thermal energy storage system even with low fidelity freezing kinetics modeling allowing the use of standard tools to obtain reasonable results.

Finally, a technological road map is provided listing extant technological concerns and potential solutions. Improvements in container design and an increased understanding of convective coupling efficiency will ultimately enable both high temperature latent heat thermal energy storage and a new class of high performance bi-modal solar thermal spacecraft.

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Nath, Rupa. "Encapsulation of High Temperature Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4180.

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Thermal energy storage is a major contributor to bridge the gap between energy demand (consumption) and energy production (supply) by concentrating solar power. The utilization of high latent heat storage capability of phase change materials is one of the keys to an efficient way to store thermal energy. However, some of the limitations of the existing technology are the high volumetric expansion and low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs), low energy density, low operation temperatures and high cost. The present work deals with encapsulated PCM system, which operates at temperatures above 500°C and takes advantage of the heat transfer modes at such high temperatures to overcome the aforementioned limitations of PCMs. Encapsulation with sodium silicate coating on preformed PCM pellets were investigated. A low cost, high temperature metal, carbon steel has been used as a capsule for PCMs with a melting point above 500° C. Sodium silicate and high temperature paints were used for oxidation protection of steel at high temperatures. The emissivity of the coatings to enhance heat transfer was investigated.
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Agyenim, Francis Boateng. "The development of medium temperature thermal energy storage for cooling applications." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436852.

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Wickramaratne, Chatura. "Experimental Study of High-Temperature Range Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7451.

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Among all thermal energy storage (TES) systems, latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) attracts high interest due to its high energy density and high exergetic efficiency. Due to the high enthalpy of fusion and low cost, inorganic salts are becoming popular as phase change materials and are used as the storage media in LHTES systems. The main drawbacks for the inorganic salts are their low thermal conductivity and high reactivity above 500°C. Therefore, designing a cost-effective containment at these conditions with longevity is a challenge. Macro-encapsulation of the PCM is one way to solve both the PCM containment issue as well as the low thermal conductivity problem. However, finding a practically viable encapsulation technique is a challenge especially for temperatures above 500°C. In the present study, encapsulation techniques were investigated for two temperature ranges; 500°C – 600°C and 600°C above. Metallic encapsulation was adopted for the 500°C – 600°C temperature. Commercially available, low-cost carbon-steel tubes were used, and the encapsulation shape was cylindrical. A 200µm coating of Ni was applied to strengthen the corrosion resistance. For temperatures above 600°C, a novel approach involving the use of ceramic materials was investigated for encapsulating chloride based PCMs. Low-cost ceramics with excellent thermal and chemical stability under molten-salt conditions were identified as the encapsulants. The influence of sintering temperature on the reactivity of feldspar, ball clay, kaolin and the mixture thereof with molten sodium chloride was investigated. The results were used to develop an optimum ceramic capsule fabrication procedure, using a green ceramic body followed by sintering at 1190°C. An innovative sealing process of in-situ layered eutectic formation was introduced. Sealing was performed at a temperature above the eutectic melting point of the salt mixture but below the individual melting points of each salt. The fabricated capsule survived more than 500 thermal cycles without showing degradation in its thermo-physical properties. Alumina (99%) based capsule containing NaCl-KCl was tested successfully for 1000 thermal cycles with a PCM weight loss of less than 5%. A lab-scale setup was designed and constructed to test an industry scalable LHTES system suitable for supplementing heat to a steam-powered cycle. Metallic cylindrical capsules were used with a eutectic of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and potassium chloride (KCl), which melts at 515°C, as the PCM for energy storage. This system was modeled and validated with experimental measurements. The calculated ratio of exergy to energy efficiency was around 89% (for 380-535°C). Flow irregularities were found due to a bend in the flow channel. Therefore, flow conditioners were investigated. A modified system with the flow conditioners and radiation shields showed 98% exergy to energy efficiency ratio (for 495-535°C). The overall efficiency of the system, however, was found to be low due to the heat losses from the storage tank. Finally, a novel design of a TES system using spherical capsules is proposed with additional enhancement gained from the experimental work on the lab-scale LHTES system. The innovation of this design lies in the manufacturing process to forms multiple spherical capsules using sheet metals. The adoptability of this technique for higher or lower temperature LHTES applications depends on the properties of the selected sheet metal. Any formable sheet metal can be used depending on the compatibility with PCM and HTF.
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Bhardwaj, Abhinav. "Metallic Encapsulation for High Temperature (>500 °C) Thermal Energy Storage Applications." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5843.

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Deployment of high temperature (>500 °C) thermal energy storage in solar power plants will make solar power more cost competitive and pave the way towards a sustainable future. In this research, a unique metallic encapsulation has been presented for thermal energy storage at high temperatures, capable of operation in aerobic conditions. This goal was achieved by employing low cost materials like carbon steel. The research work presents the unique encapsulation procedure adopted, as well as various coatings evaluated and optimized for corrosion protection. Experimental testing favored the use of 150 μm of nickel on carbon steel for corrosion protection in these conditions. These metallic encapsulations survived several thermal cycles at temperatures from 580 °C to 680 °C with one encapsulation surviving for 1700 thermal cycles.
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Augood, P. C. "Low-Temperature Thermal-Energy Storage and Transmission Systems Employing Hydrophilic Polymeric Materials." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4517.

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The wide fluctuations that occur in the aggregate electrical demand of a generating utility are punitive with respect to total system efficiency. Demand side management techniques have been applied to reduce such fluctuations including the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy during periods of low demand for use during peak demand periods. For thermal processes requiring energy above ambient temperature it is feasible to use sensible heat due to the existence of stable storage mediums and efficient methods of heating at the high temperatures required. However where energy is required below ambient temperatures, efficiency of cooling limits the use of sensible heat, hence latent heat storage has been adopted. Conventional cold storage systems use ice banks to store cooling energy at 0°C in order to capture the high latent heat of fusion of water. The rate of discharge for such stores is limited by thermal resistance in the store and the thermal capacity of secondary coolants (such as glycol solutions). This investigated the use of hydrophilic materials to overcome the limitations of current cold-storage technology. Such materials have the capacity to absorb and retain up to 95% by mass of water (or other aqueous solutions) regardless of how the materials is subdivided. Furthermore the thermal properties of the polymers in their hydrated state resemble those of the free hydration fluid, including any phase transitions. By supporting the hydrated materials in a non-freeing, non-aqueous fluid the resultant mixture provides a medium for cold storage that can be pumped and used at the point of load, and is not limited by the thermal resistance of an encapsulating material. Three aspects concerning the utilisation of hydrophilic materials for thermal engineering applications have been investigated; (i) the physical properties of the materials in their hydrated state, (ii) methods of fluidising material in a high density store, and (iii) the heat transfer properties of hydrophilic based slurries while undergoing phase transition. Material tests have shown that currently available hydrophilic materials have thermo- physical properties that depend principally upon the hydrating fluid, regardless of particle size, and are stable over long periods (>3years). Suitable hydration fluids can lower the temperature of the phase transition thus extending their potential as storage mediums beyond those of ice-based technologies. Novel materials, of very high water content (95%) have been produced and investigated. These appear to be very suitable for thermal storage because they increase the maximum achievable energy densities of a fluidised storage system and potentially reduce cost. A number of thermal storage devices to utilise hydrophilic based slurries have been designed and evaluated. The resultant devices has been shown to provide a means of taking hydrophilic materials to, and from, a packed bed and feeding them at a controlled rate into a fluid stream. The thermal charge/discharge rates of such a device are limited only by the choice of external heat exchange systems. An experimental apparatus has been designed to investigate the effects of phase change particles on the heat transfer properties of flowing mixtures. The results have shown that (i) at temperatures above the phase transition temperature the presence of the particles causes an increase in the measured heat transfer coefficient for concentrations above 10% by volume, (ii) there is a significant interaction of particles at the heat transfer surface, and (iii) that under high flow rate conditions, with phase change occurring, heat transfer coefficients are considerably enhanced (ie 80%) above those of the support fluid when used alone or with non-active particles. Further work is recommended to extend this study to produce an engineering prototype storage system for trial evaluation.
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Myska, Martin. "Possibilities with Stirling Engine and High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage in Multi-Energy Carrier System : An analysis of key factors influencing techno-economic perspective of Stirling engine and high-temperature thermal energy storage." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53407.

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Small and medium-scale companies are trying to minimise their carbon footprint and improve their cash flow, renewable installations are increasing all over the Europe and are expected to do so in following years. However, their dependency on the weather cause pressure on matching the production with demand. An option how to challenge this problem is by using energy storage. The aim of this project is to determine techno-economic benefits of Stirling engine and high temperature thermal energy storage for installation in energy user system and identify key factors that affect the operation of such system. In order to determine these factors simulations in Matlab were conducted. The Matlab linear programming tool Optisolve using dual-simplex algorithm was used. The sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the energy system behaviour. Economic evaluation was done calculating discounted savings. From the results, it can be seen the significant benefit of SE-HT-TES installation is the increased self-consumption of the electricity from PV installation. While the self-consumption in cases when there was no energy storage implemented was around 67 % and in one case as low as 50 % with the SE-HT-TES the value has increased up to 100 %. Energy cost savings are 4.7 % of the cost for the original data set and go up to 6.2 % when simulation with load shift was executed. Simulations have also shown that energy customer with predictable energy demand pattern can achieve higher savings with the very same system. It was also confirmed that for users whose private renewable production does not match load potential savings are 30 % higher compared to the system where energy load peak is matching the PV production peak. Simulations also shown that the customers located in areas with higher electricity price volatility can benefit from such system greatly.
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Books on the topic "Variable-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage"

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Bruckner, A. P. High Temperature Integrated Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Applications. Amer Solar Energy Society, 1985.

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Ultra-High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage, Transfer and Conversion. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2020.

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Ultra-High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage, Transfer and Conversion. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2019-0-00964-8.

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Burkhard, Sanner, Germany. Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie., and IEA Programme for Energy Conservation through Energy Storage., eds. High temperature underground thermal energy storage: State-of-the-art and prospects. Giessen: Lenz-Verlag, 1999.

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E, Coles-Hamilton Carolyn, Juhasz Albert J, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Selection of high temperature thermal energy storage materials for advanced solar dynamic space power systems. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Daniel, Whittenberger J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Fluoride salts and container materials for thermal energy storage applications in the temperature range 973 to 1400 K. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Metabolism, homeostasis and growth. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0007.

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Metabolism consists of the sum of anabolism (construction) and catabolism (destruction) with the release of energy, and achieving a fairly constant internal environment (homeostasis). The aquatic external environment favours differences from mammalian pathways of excretion and requires osmoregulatory adjustments for fresh water and seawater though some taxa, notably marine elasmobranchs, avoid osmoregulatory problems by retaining osmotically active substances such as urea, and molecules protecting tissues from urea damage. Ion regulation may occur through chloride cells of the gills. Most fish are not temperature regulators but a few are regional heterotherms, conserving heat internally. The liver has many roles in metabolism, including in some fish the synthesis of antifreeze seasonally. Maturing females synthesize yolk proteins in the liver. Energy storage may include the liver and, surprisingly, white muscle. Fish growth can be indeterminate and highly variable, with very short (annual) life cycles or extremely long cycles with late and/or intermittent reproduction.
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Book chapters on the topic "Variable-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage"

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Wettermark, Gunnar. "High Temperature Thermal Storage." In Energy Storage Systems, 539–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2350-8_24.

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Garg, H. P., S. C. Mullick, and A. K. Bhargava. "High Temperature Heat Storage." In Solar Thermal Energy Storage, 547–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5301-7_7.

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Swet, C. J. "New Directions in Low Temperature Solar Thermal Storage." In Physics and Technology of Solar Energy, 365–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3941-7_13.

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Swet, C. J. "New Directions in High Temperature Solar Thermal Storage." In Physics and Technology of Solar Energy, 389–411. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3941-7_14.

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Bohn, Th J., K. Werner, W. Bitterlich, and F. J. Josfeld. "Expert Opinion and Co-Operation in the Development Program High-Temperature-Storage-Tank." In Solar Thermal Energy Utilization, 211–317. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01628-2_4.

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Kant, Karunesh, Amritanshu Shukla, and Atul Sharma. "Phase Change Materials for Temperature Regulation of Photovoltaic Cells." In Latent Heat-Based Thermal Energy Storage Systems, 157–70. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429328640-7.

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Sharma, Madhu, and Debajyoti Bose. "High Temperature Energy Storage and Phase Change Materials: A Review." In Latent Heat-Based Thermal Energy Storage Systems, 51–95. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429328640-3.

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Anand, Abhishek, Navendu Mishra, Amritanshu Shukla, and Atul Sharma. "Application of High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Materials for Power Plants." In Clean Energy Production Technologies, 111–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4505-1_6.

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Fernández, Ángel G., Laura Boquera, and Luisa F. Cabeza. "Characterization of Materials for Sensible Thermal Energy Storage at High Temperature." In Recent Advancements in Materials and Systems for Thermal Energy Storage, 69–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96640-3_6.

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Hrifech, Soukaina, Hassan Agalit, El Ghali Bennouna, and Abdelaziz Mimet. "Potential Sensible Filler Materials Thermal Energy Storage for Medium Range Temperature." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 755–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1405-6_87.

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Conference papers on the topic "Variable-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage"

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Fernandes Farias, Caroline, and Guilherme Ribeiro. "HIGH TEMPERATURE ENERGY STORAGE WITH NANOFLUIDS." In 18th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0089.

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Garcia, Pierre, and Jérôme Pouvreau. "High temperature combined sensible-latent thermal energy storage." In SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5117735.

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Ma, Zhiwen, Patrick Davenport, and Janna Martinek. "Thermal Energy Storage Using Solid Particles for Long-Duration Energy Storage." In ASME 2020 14th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2020-1693.

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Abstract The rapid growth of renewable energy increases the importance of economically firming the electricity supply from variable solar photovoltaic- and wind-power generators. Energy storage will be the key to manage variability and to bridge the generation gap over time scales of hours or days for high renewable grid integration. The integration of renewable power and storage of excess electricity has several significant and positive impacts including: 1) expanding the renewable energy portion of total electricity generation, 2) improving the peak-load response, and 3) coordinating the electricity supply and demand over the grid. Long-duration energy storage can potentially complement the reduction of fossil-fuel baseload generation that otherwise would risk grid security when a large portion of grid power comes from variable renewable sources. Several energy storage methods are deployed or under development, including mechanical, chemical or electrochemical, and thermal energy storage (TES). Comparing their economic potential for different scales and applications helps identify suitable technology to support high renewable grid integration. Despite the progress of TES technologies developed and deployed with concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, TES has been undervalued for its potential role in electric energy storage. This paper introduces TES methods applicable to grid energy storage and particularly focuses on solid-particle-based TES to serve the purpose of long-duration energy storage (LDES). The objective of this paper is to present a standalone particle-based TES system for electric storage and to show the potential of TES systems for LDES applications over other energy storage methods such as batteries, compressed-air energy storage, or pumped-storage hydropower.
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Nikoosokhan, S., H. Nowamooz, and C. Chazallon. "Seasonal Heat Storage in Unsaturated Soils with Variable Thermal Properties." In International Workshop on Geomechanics and Energy. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131962.

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Ponnappan, Rengasamy, and Jerry E. Beam. "Vacuum thermal cycle life testing of high temperature thermal energy storage." In Proceedings of the eighth symposium on space nuclear power systems. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40143.

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Boies, A. M., K. O. Homan, J. H. Davidson, and Wei Liu. "A Variable Effectiveness Model for Indirect Thermal Storage Devices." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72711.

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The performance of indirect thermal storage systems is critically dependent on the degree of thermal contact between the energy storage medium and the energy transfer medium. For liquid-liquid systems, the energy transfer occurs across a heat exchanger for which the overall effectiveness is determined by both tube-side and storage-side convection coefficients. While the tube-side convection is essentially constant throughout a draw at a constant flow rate, the storage-side convection process depends intimately on the natural convection flow driven by the temperature difference between the two fluids. This temperature difference is inherently transient during the discharge process. In the present work, analytical models are developed which predict system behavior for constant and variable heat exchanger effectiveness. The accuracy of each model is quantified in relation to empirical data obtained by Liu et al. [1, 2] in a physical system motivated by application to integral collector storage (ICS) solar water heating devices. From analysis of the empirical data, discharge-averaged values in the constant effectiveness model and in the variable effectiveness model are determined for a range of empirical conditions. The results show that the initial flow transients generated by the start of the discharge process are flow rate dependent and have a significant impact on the observed overall heat transfer coefficients.
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Malmberg, Malin, Willem Mazzotti, José Acuña, Henrik Lindståhl, and Alberto Lazzarotto. "High temperature borehole thermal energy storage - A case study." In International Ground Source Heat Pump Association. International Ground Source Heat Pump Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22488/okstate.18.000036.

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Medrano, Marc, Eduard Oró, Antoni Gil, Ingrid Martorell, and Luisa F. Cabeza. "High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Cooling Applications." In EuroSun 2010. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2010.16.19.

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Roop, Jonathan, Sheldon Jeter, Hany Al-Ansary, Abdelrahman El-Leathy, and Said I. Abdel-Khalik. "Computational Analysis of Particulate Storage Bin for High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6503.

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The Riyadh Techno Valley Solar Tower, an innovative type of concentrator solar power plant, is being developed by King Saud University (KSU) and Georgia Tech (GT). The facility is being constructed at the Riyadh Techno Valley development near the KSU campus and will store thermal energy collected from the sun in solid particles, which can be heated to higher temperatures than is currently possible using molten salts. The particles must be well insulated to stop energy loss to the environment. Hence, GT and KSU have incorporated an insulated storage bin into the plant design. The bin will be constructed in several layers: an inner layer of firebrick, which can endure direct exposure to the heated particles; a specially prepared refractory insulating concrete, which maintains good insulating value at high temperatures; and a conventional structural concrete shell surrounding the entire bin. This paper presents a thermal analysis of this storage device and discusses structural analyses. Simplified analytical solutions are compared with the finite element results from a 3D ANSYS model of the entire bin. A temperature distribution is obtained, and heat loss through the bin is also evaluated. Modeling of rebar and concrete cracking are described, and methods of reducing stress on the outer concrete shell are considered. Structural support for an access tunnel into the bin is also explored. The current tunnel design involves a material with a relatively high thermal conductivity, necessitating modifications to the bin. Finally, material selection is considered, particularly with regard to the insulating concrete layer. Limitations on the use of Portland cement based insulating concretes are discussed, and alternative base materials are evaluated.
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Mahmud, Roohany, Mustafa Erguvan, and David W. MacPhee. "Underground CSP Thermal Energy Storage." In ASME 2019 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1879.

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Abstract Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is one of the most promising ways to generate electricity from solar thermal sources. In this situation, large tracking mirrors focus sunlight on a receiver and provide energy input to a heat engine. Inside the receiver the temperature can be well above 1000°C, and molten salts or oils are typically used as heat transfer fluid (HTF). However, since the sun does not shine at night, a remaining concern is how to store thermal energy to avoid the use of fossil fuels to provide baseline electricity demand, especially in the late evenings when electricity demand peaks. In this study, a new method will be investigated to store thermal energy underground using a borehole energy storage system. Numerical simulations are undertaken to assess the suitability and design constraints of such systems using both molten salt as HTF.
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Reports on the topic "Variable-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage"

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Kirchstetter, Thomas. High-temperature thermal energy storage with thermophotovoltaic energy conversion (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1881904.

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Gomez, J. C. High-Temperature Phase Change Materials (PCM) Candidates for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024524.

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R. Panneer Selvam, Micah Hale, and Matt Strasser. Development and Performance Evaluation of High Temperature Concrete for Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Power Generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1072014.

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Barowy, Adam, Alex Klieger, Jack Regan, and Mark McKinnon. UL 9540A Installation Level Tests with Outdoor Lithium-ion Energy Storage System Mockups. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/jemy9731.

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This report covers results of experiments conducted to obtain data on the fire and deflagration hazards from thermal runaway and its propagation through energy storage systems (ESS). The UL 9540A test standard provides a systematic evaluation of thermal runaway and propagation in energy storage system at cell, module, unit, and installation levels. The data from this testing may be used to design fire and explosion protection systems needed for safe siting and installation of ESS. In addition to temperature, pressure, and gas measurement instruments installed inside of the container, fire service portable gas monitors were placed at locations inside and outside the storage container during the experiments to assess their ability to detect products of thermal runaway and inform fire service size-up decisions. Review section 2.2.3 Fire Service Size-up Equipment to learn more. This research demonstrates a clear need for responding firefighters to have early access to data from instrumentation installed within an ESS, particularly gas measurement instrumentation, available through a monitoring panel. Additionally, it highlights the importance of communication between responding firefighters and personnel responsible for management of the ESS, who can aid in complete evaluation of system data to develop a more clear picture of system status and potential hazards.
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Ehrhart, Brian, and David Gill. Evaluation of annual efficiencies of high temperature central receiver concentrated solar power plants with thermal energy storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1090218.

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Gomez, Judith C. Degradation Mechanisms and Development of Protective Coatings for Thermal Energy Storage and High Temperature Fluid Containment Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1504919.

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Sun, Xiaodong, Xiaoqin Zhang, Inhun Kim, James O'Brien, and Piyush Sabharwall. The Development of an INL Capability for High Temperature Flow, Heat Transfer, and Thermal Energy Storage with Applications in Advanced Small Modular Reactors, High Temperature Heat Exchangers, Hybrid Energy Systems, and Dynamic Grid Energy Storage C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1237324.

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Montoya, Miguel A., Daniela Betancourt-Jiminez, Mohammad Notani, Reyhaneh Rahbar-Rastegar, Jeffrey P. Youngblood, Carlos J. Martinez, and John E. Haddock. Environmentally Tuning Asphalt Pavements Using Phase Change Materials. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317369.

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Environmental conditions are considered an important factor influencing asphalt pavement performance. The addition of modifiers, both to the asphalt binder and the asphalt mixture, has attracted considerable attention in potentially alleviating environmentally induced pavement performance issues. Although many solutions have been developed, and some deployed, many asphalt pavements continue to prematurely fail due to environmental loading. The research reported herein investigates the synthetization and characterization of biobased Phase Change Materials (PCMs) and inclusion of Microencapsulated PCM (μPCM) in asphalt binders and mixtures to help reduce environmental damage to asphalt pavements. In general, PCM substances are formulated to absorb and release thermal energy as the material liquify and solidify, depending on pavement temperature. As a result, PCMs can provide asphalt pavements with thermal energy storage capacities to reduce the impacts of drastic ambient temperature scenarios and minimize the appearance of critical temperatures within the pavement structure. By modifying asphalt pavement materials with PCMs, it may be possible to "tune" the pavement to the environment.
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Pag, F., M. Jesper, U. Jordan, W. Gruber-Glatzl, and J. Fluch. Reference applications for renewable heat. IEA SHC Task 64, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2021-0002.

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There is a high degree of freedom and flexibility in the way to integrate renewable process heat in industrial processes. Nearly in every industrial or commercial application various heat sinks can be found, which are suitable to be supplied by renewable heat, e.g. from solar thermal, heat pumps, biomass or others. But in contrast to conventional fossil fuel powered heating systems, most renewable heating technologies are more sensitive to the requirements defined by the specific demand of the industrial company. Fossil fuel-based systems benefit from their indifference to process temperatures in terms of energy efficiency, their flexibility with respect to part-load as well as on-off operation, and the fuel as a (unlimited) chemical storage. In contrast, the required temperature and the temporal course of the heat demand over the year determine whether a certain regenerative heat generator is technically feasible at all or at least significantly influence parameters like efficiency or coverage rate.
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Hawsey, R. A., B. B. Banerjee, and P. M. Grant. Power applications of high-temperature superconductivity: Variable speed motors, current switches, and energy storage for end use. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/383678.

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