Journal articles: 'Variable practice'

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Yao, Wan X., William DeSola, and Zhong C. Bi. "Variable Practice versus Constant Practice in the Acquisition of Wheelchair Propulsive Speeds." Perceptual and Motor Skills 109, no. 1 (August 2009): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.109.1.133-139.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that varied practice (involving several versions of a skill) has advantage over constant practice (involving only one version of a skill) in learning a motor skill. However, the support for variable practice mainly came from studies using discrete motor skills. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess if variable practice was more effective than constant practice for the purpose of learning a continuous and real-life motor skill: wheelchair propulsion. A total of 36 able-bodied undergraduate students participated in this study. There were two constant-practice groups. One group practiced wheelchair propulsion on a roller system with a single speed, 30% of the maximum speed (30%-only group), and one group practiced using 55% of the maximum speed (55%-only group). One variable-practice group (variable group) practiced the propulsion with two different speeds, 30 and 55% of the maximum speed. In addition to retention tests, two transfer tests (i.e., tests on 40 and 70% of the maximum speeds) were performed by the three groups after the 10 weeks of training. The results were mixed. The variable-practice group produced significantly fewer absolute errors on both transfer tests than the 30%-only group. However, when compared to the 55%-only group, the variable-practice group only produced significantly fewer absolute errors on the transfer test at 70% speed, but not at 40% speed.

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Duff, Kevin, Catherine Callister, Kathryn Dennett, and Danielle Tometich. "Practice Effects: A Unique Cognitive Variable." Clinical Neuropsychologist 26, no. 7 (October 2012): 1117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2012.722685.

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Levene, Louis S., Richard Baker, John Bankart, Nicola Walker, Christopher Williams, and Andrew Wilson. "Practice funding and socioeconomic deprivation in English general practices: a longitudinal study 2013–2017." British Journal of General Practice 68, suppl 1 (June 2018): bjgp18X697397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x697397.

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BackgroundThe NHS general practice payment formula has no specific measures of socio-economic deprivation, an important health determinant. Variables related to population health needs are poor predictors of cross-sectional variations in practice payments. Additional years of payments data allow longitudinal analyses.AimDo deprivation scores predict variations in the slope over time of NHS practice payments, after adjusting for organisational and population factors?MethodThe sample was 6898 English practices with more than 500 patients, studied over 4 financial years, 2013–2014 to 2016–2017. The dependent variable was total NHS payments per registered patient (after deductions). The independent variable was the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2015 score for each practice (range: 3.2 to 66.5). 17 Confounders were selected for conceptual plausibility and data availability at practice level, and included organisational variables and population variables A random intercepts and random slopes model was fitted to adjust for clustering of measurements within practices. The linear effects of independent variables on payments over time were modelled by fitting interaction terms (product of variable with year). Descriptive statistics and univariable analyses were undertaken.ResultsPractice IMD scores were very weak predictors of longitudinal variations in total payments’ slopes (4.9p/patient/1 unit increase in IMD). We also found that our confounders had very small predictive effects, and payments and IMD were not correlated in any year (Spearman correlation coefficients ranging from 0.01 to 0.06). The median of payments increased from £102.77 (2013–2014) to £115.43 (2016–2017).ConclusionTotal payments increased very slightly more in practices with higher deprivation scores. This suggests that the NHS general practice payment formula may not adequately compensate practices whose populations have greater health needs.

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Shoenfelt, Elizabeth L., Leslie A. Snyder, Allison E. Maue, C. Patrick McDowell, and Christopher D. Woolard. "Comparison of Constant and Variable Practice Conditions on Free-Throw Shooting." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2002): 1113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.3c.1113.

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The proposition that variable practice may be superior to constant practice even for consistent transfer situations was tested on a prototypical consistently performed skill, the basketball free throw. 94 participants were matched on free-throw shooting, then randomly assigned to one of four practice conditions, a Constant condition, i.e., at the free-throw line, and three Variable conditions. Under supervision participants practiced shooting free throws four days a week for three weeks. Three substantially different variable practice conditions produced significant improvement similar to that of constant practice on tests during each week of practice and on a delayed retention test. Consistent with the proposition, the most variable practice group performed as well as the other groups on the retention test despite lower practice performance.

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Douvis, Stavros J. "Variable Practice in Learning the Forehand Drive in Tennis." Perceptual and Motor Skills 101, no. 2 (October 2005): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.2.531-545.

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One of the most important factors that has occupied researchers in motor learning is the method of practicing motor skills. This study examined the effect of variable practice in learning the forehand drive in tennis by children and adolescents. Variability of practice was achieved by the alternation of targets and the distance between the point of execution and the target. 40 male children ages 9 to 10 years and 40 male students ages 18 to 19 years were divided into eight equal groups according to age and training group (No Specific target, 1 target, 4 targets, and 5 targets). After 18 practice sessions over 40 days and similar teaching, the participants performed 60 transfer trials after a rest of 72 hours. The experimental design used was a 2 (age) × 4 (practice group) × 6 (block of trials) with repeated measures on the last factor for absolute and constant error scores. The analysis of variance showed that the children performed more poorly than the adolescents, and variable practice yielded better performance than constant and specialized practice. The results support the variability of practice hypothesis and indicate that the effect of variable and specialized practic was related to age of the groups of trainees.

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Yagudina, L. A., and D. M. Khakimova. "Common variable immune deficiency in clinical practice." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 2 (April 15, 2015): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-249.

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Primary immunodeficiencies are rare but severe diseases. Out of all primary immunodeficiencies, most commonly diagnosed conditions belong to the group of common variable immune deficiencies. According to criteria of European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) the diagnosis of common variable immune deficiency is extremely likely at considerable decrease (over 2 standard deviation values compared to median value) of two or three main isotypes of immunoglobulins (classes A, G, M). The mean prevalence of variable immune deficiency in general population ranges from 1:50 000 to 1:70 000. This disease has two age peaks of onset: the first peak is between the age of 6 and 10 years; the second peak - between the age of 26-30 years. Moreover, before the disease onset patients are considered as healthy. The range of clinical manifestations, which may help to suspect common variable immune deficiency, is very wide: some patients have repeated pneumonia, others have thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia or colitis. Low prevalence of primary immunodeficiency in population, a variety of its clinical forms, insufficient awareness of practical doctors dictate the need for detailed description of this pathology on a clinical example. The article presents a case of firstly diagnosed case of common variable immune deficiency in a 26 years old female. Issues of epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and diagnosis of this disease are described. It is necessary to draw the attention of doctors of various specialties to the fact that changes in the immune system, up to hereditary, genetically determined immunodeficiencies can often be the cause of recurrent inflammatory processes of different localization with a low response to conventional therapy.

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Neva, J., A. Siegel, and D. Henriques. "Equivalent visuomotor adaptation for variable reach practice." Journal of Vision 8, no. 6 (March 26, 2010): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.6.308.

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Clauss, Caroline Seay. "Language: The unspoken variable in psychotherapy practice." Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 35, no. 2 (1998): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0087677.

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Walter, Stefan, and Henning Tiemeier. "Variable selection: current practice in epidemiological studies." European Journal of Epidemiology 24, no. 12 (December 2009): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-009-9411-2.

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Thomas, Diane M., and Brenda Moretta Guerrero. "Terminal Restlessness in the Dying: Hospice Attitudes and Practice." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 46, no. 1 (February 2003): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/n2yb-104b-hke0-4rv8.

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An exploratory study was conducted to ascertain hospice attitudes and practices related to terminal restlessness, a syndrome found in an estimated 1 to 2 percent of dying patients (Kaye, 1997). Three hundred two participating hospices responded to survey questions. Chi-square analyses were conducted to explore frequency differences between the independent variable, utilization of a terminal restlessness tool, and each of the dependent variables: location, census, utilization of a treatment protocol, and number of cases of terminal restlessness reported. Chi-square analysis was also conducted to explore a frequency difference between the independent variable, average daily census, and the dependent variable, number of cases of terminal restlessness reported. With the exception of two predicted relationships, there were no significant differences in the proportion of responses between the independent and dependent variables. Implications of these results for hospice attitudes and practice are discussed. Suggestions are made for standardization of identification, assessment, and treatment of terminal restlessness.

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Kanode, Jacquelynn O., and V. Gregory Payne. "Effects of Variable Practice on Retention and Motor Schema Development in down Syndrome Subjects." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 1 (August 1989): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.1.211.

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Portions of Schmidt's schema theory, the effects of variable practice on retention and ability to learn a novel motor task, were tested using Down syndrome subjects. 23 subjects ranged in mental and chronological ages from 3.0 to 5.1 yr. and 4.6 to 22 yr., respectively. IQs ranged from 32 to 62. The two throwing tasks were closed, discrete movements requiring no feedback or error detection during movement. Subjects were randomly assigned to a specific-practice, variable-practice, or control group. Specific group subjects practiced 100 trials from the test-target location. Variable-practice subjects also practiced 100 trials but from four different practice locations. The control group practiced an unrelated kicking activity. All subjects participated in identical pretests, posttests, and retention tests to assess accuracy on these throwing tasks. A standard archery target was used to score tosses. To examine the effects of practice on a novel task, two target conditions, or tasks, were employed. On Task A the subject tossed a bean bag at the archery target placed flat on the floor. For Task B, the novel task, the target was placed upright on the wall. Subjects were assigned higher scores for tosses landing closer to the center of the target. Analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between groups on Task A pretest or posttest. Significance was detected for the main effect of group for Task B. However, the Scheffé post hoc test indicated that the simple main effects were nonsignificant. This research did not support Schmidt's schema theory. However, the lack of significant differences between variable- and specific-practice conditions supports the notion that variable practice may be no less effective than specific practice in the instruction of movement skills to subjects with Down syndrome.

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Chernecky, Cynthia, Julie Zadinsky, Denise Macklin, and M. Katherine Maeve. "The Healthcare and Technology Synergy (HATS) Framework for Comparative Effectiveness Research as Part of Evidence-Based Practice in Vascular Access." Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.java.2013.05.001.

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Abstract The development of frameworks for nursing research, practice, and education is in its infancy. The focus in clinical research has commonly been on the variables patient and practice, not on the significant variable, technology products. However, in interventional and medical cardiology and orthopedic surgery, for example, products used are significant variables that affect clinical outcomes and subsequent recalls. The purpose of this article is to introduce the Healthcare and Technology Synergy (HATS) framework and discuss its use in comparative effectiveness research on health care-associated infections as well as its usefulness in nursing practice, education, and policy. Research in nursing that focuses on product as a variable has examined intravenous connectors and their association with catheter-related bloodstream infections, but more research specific to technology products is needed. The significance of products in nursing has been underappreciated, and the variable has been underutilized in research. This is a study limitation that can significantly affect research outcomes. Use of the HATS framework in nursing research can facilitate the development of clinically relevant nursing curricula, practice interventions, and policy based on research results. Appropriate development and evaluation of research that uses the HATS framework also has implications for cost-benefit analyses, product evaluation, and implementation of evidence-based practices.

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Klaas, Zachary. "Varying the Variable." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2010100102.

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It is common practice in business geography to use gravity models such as the Reilly’s Retail Law of Gravitation model to gauge the extent of presumed trade areas for retail sites based on a variable that models the general demographic attractiveness of the site in question. In the Huff retail model, an exponent represents additional attractiveness factors that differentially affect certain sites; however, it is less common practice to vary the attractiveness of one site alone and to visually inspect in a series of maps the differences in other trade areas given the variation of assumptions about the attractiveness of that site. The idea behind this form of analysis is that business managers benefit from being able to visualize a range of possible contingencies to which they may have to respond. The city of New Britain, Connecticut, is used as a demonstration model in this article to provide these kinds of visualization maps.

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Kaipa, Ramesh, Michael Robb, and Richard Jones. "The Effectiveness of Constant, Variable, Random, and Blocked Practice in Speech-Motor Learning." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 5, no. 1 (June 2017): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2015-0044.

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In this experiment, we investigated the role of practice variability (constant versus variable practice) and practice schedule (random versus blocked practice) on spatial and temporal learning of a speech task as a function of aging. The participants were 80 healthy individuals (40–80 years) with no history of cognitive, sensory, or motor disorders. A median split was performed to divide the participants into older and younger groups. The median split was at 59 years of age, thus placing 40 participants in each age group. The participants were assigned to one of four practice groups and practiced a nonmeaningful phrase for two consecutive days. On the third day, the participants reproduced the speech phrase without practice. Data analysis revealed that older participants involved in constant practice demonstrated superior temporal learning of the speech task over participants on variable practice. Older participants on random practice demonstrated better spatial learning of the speech task than did participants on blocked practice. In contrast, there was no effect of practice conditions on spatial and temporal learning outcomes in the younger group. The findings indicate that practice variability and practice schedule influence different aspects of a complex speech-motor learning task among older adults but not among younger adults.

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Roller, Carrie A., Helen S. Cohen, Kay T. Kimball, and Jacob J. Bloomberg. "Variable practice with lenses improves visuo-motor plasticity." Cognitive Brain Research 12, no. 2 (October 2001): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-6410(01)00077-5.

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Carpin, Stefano, Derek Burch, Nicola Basilico, Timothy H. Chung, and Mathias Kölsch. "Variable Resolution Search with Quadrotors: Theory and Practice." Journal of Field Robotics 30, no. 5 (July 8, 2013): 685–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rob.21468.

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李, 宏亮. "Teaching Reform and Practice of Real Variable Function." Creative Education Studies 08, no. 06 (2020): 891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ces.2020.86147.

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Herlihy, Daniel P., and Shubulade Smith. "Variable practice complicates standard setting for PICU prescribing." Psychiatrist 34, no. 7 (July 2010): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.34.7.306a.

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Barrett, Caitlin, Jillian Glasser, Brooke Barrow, Dioscaris Garcia, and Valentin Antoci. "Acetabular Component Position Highly Variable in Early Practice." Acta Scientific Orthopaedics 4, no. 9 (August 21, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asor.2021.04.0360.

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Heitman, Robert J., Steven F. Pugh, John E. Kovaleski, Phillip M. Norell, and James R. Vicory. "Effects of Specific versus Variable Practice on the Retention and Transfer of a Continuous Motor Skill." Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, no. 3_suppl (June 2005): 1107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.3c.1107-1113.

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The effects of specific versus variable practice on retention and transfer was investigated. 30 participants were randomly assigned to one of three practice conditions. The variable speed group practiced on a pursuit rotor task at three different speeds (60, 45, 30 rpm) which were randomly distributed but equal in number for 30 10-sec. trials on Day 1. The Specific Practice group performed all 30 10-sec. trials at 45 rpm on Day 1. On Day 2, all groups performed 15 trials at the 45-rpm retention speed and 15 trials at the 75-rpm transfer speed. The Control group only performed on Day 2. Analysis showed the Specific Practice group had significantly higher scores on Day 1. On Day 2, the Specific Practice group had significantly higher retention scores and the Variable Practice group had higher transfer scores. Continuous motor skills might be practiced differently depending on the environmental context in which the skill may be used.

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Czyż, Stanisław H., Martin Zvonař, Zbigniew Borysiuk, Jiří Nykodým, and Piotr Oleśniewicz. "Gaze Behavior in Basketball Free Throws Developed in Constant and Variable Practice." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 12, 2019): 3875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203875.

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There are a limited number of studies focusing on the mechanisms explaining why variable practice gives an advantage in a novel situation and constant practice in performance in trained conditions. We hypothesized that this may be due to the different gaze behavior that is developed under different conditions. Twenty participants, randomly assigned to two different groups, practiced basketball free throws for three consecutive days, performing 100 throws per day. The constant group (n = 10) practiced at a free throw distance (4.57 m) only. The variable practice group (n = 10) randomly performed 20 shots per five throw distances (3.35, 3.96, 4.57, 5.18, and 5.79 m) on each day, also accumulating 100 shots per day. We analyzed the total gaze fixation duration, a number of fixations, and the average fixation duration on a basketball rim in a pretest and posttest at the 4.57 m distance. We computed a linear mixed model with test (pretest–posttest), group (constant–variable), and test × group interaction in order to analyze the total fixation duration and number of fixations. The average fixation duration was analyzed with a repeated measure two-way ANOVA, with practice conditions as a between-participants factor and test type as a within-participants factor. We found that the total fixation duration increased significantly in the posttest, regardless of the practice conditions (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.504). The number of fixations also increased significantly in the posttest (p = 0.037, effect size = 0.246). The average fixation duration increased in both groups; however, insignificantly. We also did not find any significant differences between groups. Our results suggest that variable and constant practice conditions may lead to the development of similar gaze behavior.

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Myori, Dwiprima Elvanny, and Mhd Irsan. "CORRELATION OF INTEREST IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIAL WORKING PRACTICE VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS." INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi 17, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v17i1.14.

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This study aims to determine whether there is a significant correlation between interest in entrepreneurship with the performance of industrial work practices in Vocational High School. There are two variables in this research, the student’s interest in entrepreneurship as a variable X and performance of the industry working practices as a variable Y. This research is a quantitative research, with research subjects are students of class XII TITL in SMK Muhammadiyah 1 enrolled in the academic year 2015/2016 which consists of two classes. This research examines the factors that are expected to serve as the cause of the present state, then these factors are investigated and analyzed. From the calculation of simple correlation analysis obtained correlation between interest in entrepreneurship with industry practice performance is 0.681. Analysis results also shows that there is a strong relationship between the interest in entrepreneurship with industrial practice performance.

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Whynes, David, and Darrin Baines. "Predicting Activity and Workload in General Practice from the Demographic Structure of the Practice Population." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 1, no. 3 (July 1996): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969600100303.

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Objectives: The managerial requirements of budget-setting and performance monitoring in general practice (primary care) in the UK require an understanding of the causal relationship between practice activities and the characteristics of both the practice and its patients. This study sought to model the determinants of three major components of general practice activities (consultations, prescribing costs and referrals to secondary care), paying particular attention to the influence of the demographic structure of the patient list. Methods: Stepwise regression analysis was carried out on data for 98 practices in the county of Lincolnshire using 12 independent variables pertaining to patient and practice characteristics plus 14 statistical measures derived from the demographic structure of the patients registered with the practice. Results: Robust statistical models were estimated for the three dependent variables, of which list size emerged as the most significant independent variable. In addition, six other independent variables, including the patients' unemployment rate, fundholding status and single-handed status, were statistically significant in one or more of the equations. Variables based on the demographic structure of the practice population also appeared in each model. The Jarman score and degree of urbanization did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusions: Activity and workload in general practice can be predicted from routine data. Such models are of particular value for planning and financial management when demographic change in practice populations is anticipated.

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Setiaman, Sobur, Syahfirin Abdullah, Kholil Kholil, and Kohar Sulistyadi. "Analysis of Factors Adherence to Safe Injection Practice Procedures among Nurses Healthcare Center Qatar." South East Asia Nursing Research 1, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/seanr.1.2.2019.61-66.

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Injection practices was common medical procedure done by nurses according doctor’s prescription. In nursing process, injection practice is part of nursing intervention, but injection practices was risky for the health care workers. Needle stick injury was happened to the nurses, 18% due disposal of the needle, and 15% while draw the blood for laboratory study. Adherence to the work procedure influence by few behavior factors. Aim of research of the research were to finding out of the factors influence of adherence to safe injection practice among the nurses at healthcare center X Qatar. Type of the research was observational analytic quantities of the analytic description, using cross sectional approach. 9 variable latent with 56 variable indicator. Size of sample were 114 nurses. Data analytic with using PLS-SEM. T-statistic value on variable culture 2.94; environment 1.99; work procedure 3.81 and supervisory 3.10. T-statistic of Individual characteristic, work facility, attitude, and knowledge bellow 1.96. R2 variable adherence were showed 96.05% with Q2 87.07%. Culture, environment, work procedure and supervisory influenced of the adherence safe injection practice among the nurses. (96.05%) variable independent influence of the adherence safe injection practice among the nurses, within 87.07% showed good predicted.

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Gallo de Puelles, P., and J. Gené Badia. "Retribución variable vinculada a la calidad asistencial." Atención Primaria 34, no. 4 (September 2004): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13065830.

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Gené Badia, J., and P. Gallo de Puelles. "Retribución variable vinculada a la calidad asistencial." Atención Primaria 34, no. 4 (2004): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0212-6567(04)78908-8.

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DOUVIS, STAVROS J. "VARIABLE PRACTICE IN LEARNING THE FOREHAND DRIVE IN TENNIS." Perceptual and Motor Skills 101, no. 6 (2005): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.6.531-545.

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Breslin, Gavin, Nicola J. Hodges, Andrew Steenson, and A. Mark Williams. "Constant or variable practice: Recreating the especial skill effect." Acta Psychologica 140, no. 2 (June 2012): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.04.002.

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Načinović Braje, Ivana. "The perspectives of variable pay in Croatia." Ekonomski pregled 72, no. 4 (2021): 550–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.72.4.3.

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Variable pay can have numerous benefits for the employee and the employer, however, the overall effect of variable pay will depend upon employee attitudes and preferences towards such form of compensation. Considering that reward systems in Croatia traditionally used the equality principle, the objective of this paper is to examine the role of variable pay from both employee and employer perspectives. Research results are based on a Delphi research of employee attitudes about variable pay and empirical investigation of actual employers’ variable pay practices. The Delphi study results indicate a lack of consensus about employees’ preferences for variable pay in Croatia. However, practice shows that some form of individual variable pay has been adopted by most examined companies. There is some gap between preferences for variable pay and actual compensation practices so this paper identifies conditions under which acceptance of variable pay can be improved.

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Ilic, Dusko B., Dragan M. Mirkov, and Slobodan Jaric. "Learning Transfer from Flexion to Extension Movements: Importance of the Final Position." Motor Control 2, no. 3 (July 1998): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.2.3.221.

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Nine subjects (experimental group) were tested on rapid elbow flexion and extension movements performed in the same final position, before and after extensive practice of the movements. Nine additional subjects (control group) were also tested, but without any practice between the tests. Comparison of the pretest and posttest results suggested that the experimental group decreased their variable error (i.e., standard deviation of the final movement position) in both practiced (elbow flexion) and nonpracticed (elbow extension) movements. The control group, however, did not improve in either of tested movements. The experimental group demonstrated lower variable error in the nonpracticed elbow extensions than the control group, while the same difference for practiced elbow flexion movements was slightly below the level of significance. The results support the importance of the final position in programming of rapid, self-terminated movements; however, they do not rule out the role of other kinetic and kinematic variables (such as movement distance).

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Abrar, Hasri Khumaerah, Irwandy Irwandy, and Atjo Wahyu. "The Effect of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Covid-19 on the Work Stress of Nurses in Emergency Installations of the General Hospital Center Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo." Interdisciplinary Journal Papier Human Review 1, no. 2 (November 22, 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47667/ijphr.v1i2.48.

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Disease transmission among health workers is associated with overcrowding, absence of isolation facilities, and environmental contamination. Knowledge of disease will influence the attitude and practice of medical staff. Wrong attitudes and practices directly increase the risk of infection. This study aims to analyze the influence of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) nurses who handle the COVID-19 pandemic in the Emergency Room of the General Hospital Center (RSUP) Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. This research is a quantitative research. The design used was analytic observational with a cross-sectional study approach. A sample of 83 nurses was selected using purposive sampling technique with the criteria of nurses on duty in the hospital. Data were analyzed using the Logistic Regression test. The results of multivariate analysis obtained p-value below 0.05 (p <0.05), meaning that the attitude and practice variables had an influence on the dependent variable (job stress). For the most dominant variable that affects work stress, it can be seen from the largest OR value, namely practice with OR = 4.484. The high OR value obtained means that practice is the most dominant variable affecting the dependent variable, namely work stress. The hospital management identifies the behavior of each employee in an effort to adjust their needs, provides training programs to maintain and protect themselves while working, and the incentives obtained. So that employees can work calmly and be confident in their work. It is suggested for further research to be able to use other research designs, so that we can find out factors other than KAP that can affect work stress, either directly or indirectly.

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Wallace, L. "Patients' Health Literacy Skills: The Missing Demographic Variable in Primary Care Research." Annals of Family Medicine 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.501.

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Chowdhury, Mohammad Ziaul Islam, and Tanvir C. Turin. "Variable selection strategies and its importance in clinical prediction modelling." Family Medicine and Community Health 8, no. 1 (February 2020): e000262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2019-000262.

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Clinical prediction models are used frequently in clinical practice to identify patients who are at risk of developing an adverse outcome so that preventive measures can be initiated. A prediction model can be developed in a number of ways; however, an appropriate variable selection strategy needs to be followed in all cases. Our purpose is to introduce readers to the concept of variable selection in prediction modelling, including the importance of variable selection and variable reduction strategies. We will discuss the various variable selection techniques that can be applied during prediction model building (backward elimination, forward selection, stepwise selection and all possible subset selection), and the stopping rule/selection criteria in variable selection (p values, Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion and Mallows’ Cp statistic). This paper focuses on the importance of including appropriate variables, following the proper steps, and adopting the proper methods when selecting variables for prediction models.

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Logofet, Dmitrii O. "Projection matrices in variable environments: λ1 in theory and practice." Ecological Modelling 251 (February 2013): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.12.028.

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Banks, Taylor A., Julia Savitz, and Michael R. Nelson. "A Variable Compass: Practice Parameters and Strength of Recommendation Data." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 131, no. 2 (February 2013): AB35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.807.

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Banks, Taylor, Julia Savitz, and Michael R. Nelson. "Practice parameters and strength of recommendation data: a variable compass." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 113, no. 2 (August 2014): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2014.04.019.

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Taheri, Hamidreza, Davoud Fazeli, and Sogand Poureghbali. "The Effect of Variability of Practice at Execution Redundancy Level in Skilled and Novice Basketball Players." Perceptual and Motor Skills 124, no. 2 (December 26, 2016): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512516684078.

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We investigated the effect of practice variability through execution redundancy in skilled and novice basketball players on free throw skills. Twelve skilled basketball players and 12 novices (mean age = 25.4 years, SD = 4.3) were divided into four groups (skilled constant, skilled variable, novice constant, and novice variable). After a pretest, participants practiced free throw action. The variable groups threw the ball over an obstacle of varying heights on each trial in random order, whereas the obstacle’s height was fixed for the constant groups. After 7 and 14 consecutive days of practice, participants performed two posttests with constant and variable distances from the basket. The results showed that practicing different solutions of a task did not affect the performance of skilled players but had an immediate negative effect on the performance of novice players. Learning a complex task is the result of learning task-related parameters, and practice variability can create a mismatch between task difficulty and new learner skill levels.

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Weldeargeawi, Gebrehiwot Gebremariam, Zenawi Negash, Alemayehu Bayray Kahsay, Yemane Gebremariam, and Kidanemaryam Berhe Tekola. "Community-Based Essential Newborn Care Practices and Associated Factors among Women of Enderta, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2020 (January 21, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2590705.

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Introduction. Neonatal mortality contributes a higher percentage of infant mortality, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia where the rate of institutional delivery is low. In Ethiopia, scientific evidences on the level of community-based essential newborn care practice were scanty and inconclusive. Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess community-based essential newborn care practices and associated factors among women who have infant<12 months. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 634 randomly selected women who have infant<12 months from June 23, 2017, to August 29, 2017, at Enderta district. Data was collected by a face-to-face interview through structured questionnaires, and it was coded, entered, and cleaned using EpiData version 3.1. Then, the data was exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Odds ratios and p value were computed to know the association between the independent variables with the dependent variable. Finally, a variable at p values of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant with the outcome variable. Result. The overall community-based essential newborn care practice was found 40.7%. Educational status (AOR=6.6, 95% CI, 2.49-11.97), previous ANC follow-up (AOR=1.7, 95% CI, 1.2-3.80), weight of the child during birth (AOR=1.3, 95% CI, 1.12-2.98), and place of delivery (AOR=2.1, 95% CI, 1.50-4.63) were found to be significantly associated with community-based essential newborn care. Even though overall newborn practice was found to be good, the cord care practices were found to be poor that indicated there is a need to rise community awareness.

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Goodwin, Jeff E., Joan M. Eckerson, Charles R. Grimes, and Paul M. Gordon. "Effect of Different Quantities of Variable Practice on Acquisition, Retention, and Transfer of An Applied Motor Skill." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 1 (August 1998): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.1.147.

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This investigation examined the effect of manipulating different quantities of variable practice in the acquisition phase on the retention and transfer performance of a dart throw. Participants in the Specific condition practiced a total of 75 acquisition trials from a distance of 2.39 m. Participants in the Specific + Variable condition practiced a total of 75 acquisition trials with 25 trials from distances of 1.47 m, 2.39 m, and 3.30 m. Participants in the Specific + Varplus condition practiced a total of 75 acquisition trials with 15 trials from distances of 1.47 m, 1.93 m, 2.39 m, 2.84 m, and 3.30 m. Results of the one-way analysis of variance on the 24-hr. retention test from 2.39 m yielded no significant differences among practice conditions for mean radial error. A one-way analysis of variance on the 24-hr. transfer test from 3.76 m indicated that the Specific + Variable and Specific + Varplus conditions performed with significantly smaller mean radial error than the Specific condition. The results are discussed in regard to recent research and applicability to instructional settings.

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Nasution, Muhammad Darwis Meyandie. "Pengaruh Proses Rekrutmen dan Seleksi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan : Studi pada PT. Dian Bahari Sejati." Jurnal Riset Inspirasi Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35130/jrimk.v3i2.66.

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Based on the data processing hasi it is known that the selection in which the company has an influence on employee performance partially . The most dominant variable affecting the performance of employees, especially in PT. Dian Bahari Sejati is the selection , the reason for the selection of variables having the largest value of the regression coefficient when compared with variable recruitment , so that the second hypothesis can be said to be proven . Simultaneously, it is known that the process of recruitment and selection simultaneously have an influence on the performance of employees at PT. Dian Bahari Sejati.The influence of variables X1 ( recruitment ) to variable Y ( company performance ) indicated by the value of the correlation coefficient ( r xy ) of 0.727 . While the R -square is 0.528 or 52.80 % , showing approximately 52.80 % variable Y ( the performance of the company's employees ) can be explained by the recruitment process variable ( X1 ) , or in practice it can be said that the contribution of the recruitment process ( X1 ) to variable Y ( performance of employees ) is 52.80 % . The rest is influenced by other variables not examined . The influence of X2 ( selection) to variable Y ( the performance of employees ) indicated by the value of the correlation coefficient ( r xy ) of 0.655 . While the R -square is 0.429 or 42.90 % , showing approximately 42.90 % variable Y ( the performance of the employee ) can be explained by the selection of variables ( X2 ) , or in practice it can be said that the contribution of selection (X2 ) to variable Y ( employee performance ) is 42.90 % . The rest is influenced by other variables not examined .The influence of variables X1 ( recruitment ) and X2 ( selection) to variable Y ( the performance of employees ) indicated by the multiple correlation coefficient of 0.565 , while the R -square value is 0.319 or 31.90 % , showing approximately 31.90 % variable Y can be explained by the recruitment process variable ( X1 ) and selection (X2 ) to variable Y ( the performance of the employee ) is 31.90 % . The rest is influenced by other variables not examined . Or proposed hypothesis can be accepted or recruitment process and se ; of selection has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees at PT. Dian Bahari Sejati.

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Malavige (MBBS, MSc, MBA), K. K., Dr Sathasivam Sridharan (MBBS, MD-Medical administration), MBA, Dr G. S. K. Dharmaratne (MBBS, MD-Medical Administration), Dr Samiddhi Samarakoon (MBBS, MD-Medical administration), Dr Nelum Samaruthilake (MBBS, MD -Community Medicine), and I. R. Malawige (B.Sc. (Hons.) in MIT, MBA). "Accident and Emergency Care Made High Reliable: Perception of Staff on Factors Affecting Application of High-Reliability Organization Principles in Accident Emergency Units." Research in Economics and Management 6, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): p20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v6n3p20.

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There is a growing concern regarding patient safety and high reliability which made more intense with this ongoing pandemic.Aim of this study is to assess the organizational factors affecting the practice of High-Reliability Organization (HRO) Principles as perceived by staff in selected Accident and Emergency Units. Methodology: A hospital based cross-sectional study in three Accident and Emergency care setting, among healthcare staff, conducted using a self-administered questionnaire.Results: Out of the five factors affecting HRO practices as perceived by staff, “Organizational Safety Culture” (Mean-4.27., SD-0.49) has the highest mean value followed by Leadership (Mean: 3.96, SD: 0.44) and Teamwork (Mean: 3.95, SD: 0.5). “Work Environment” (Mean: 3.94, SD: 0.46) has the lowest score. All independent and dependent variables have a significant positive correlation with HRO principles (Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level-1-tailed). Multivariate analysis was carried out to assess the proportion variability of the dependent variable. The linear regression model explains 22% of the variability of the HRO practices (dependent variable) by factors affecting HRO practices (independent variables) if all the factors operate together.The distribution of Coefficients, Standardized B value is 0.29 (significant at the 0.01 level), showing if “Organizational Safety Culture” operates together with the other four independent variables 29% of the variability of the HRO practices (dependent variable) can be explained by Organizational Safety Culture.Conclusion: Organizational safety culture shows significant (< 0.01) effect on determining HRO practices.

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Diebel, Penelope L., Daniel B. Taylor, and Sandra S. Batie. "Barriers to low-input agriculture adoption: A case study of Richmond County, Virginia." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 8, no. 3 (September 1993): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300005166.

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AbstractWe coupled a nonlinear mathematical programming model with sensitivity analysis and evaluated some economic barriers to adoption of low-input agriculture by farmers in Richmond County, Virginia. Collection of primary data made the model more realistic. We analyzed potential barriers to adoption, including poultry litter price, yields, labor requirements, and variable input costs. We found the adoption of low-input practices to be sensitive to the price of poultry litter and relatively insensitive to yields, labor requirements, and variable costs. However, when several of these barriers are combined, the model predicts that farmers would use conventional practices. Therefore analysis of the farm as a system rather than practice by practice is important when identifying the effects of economic barriers.

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Burris, Mark, and Chris Swenson. "Planning Lee County’s Variable-Pricing Program." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1617, no. 1 (January 1998): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1617-09.

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Congestion (or variable) pricing can be described as the charging of more for goods or services during periods of peak demand. In theory, this practice would prove beneficial as a travel demand management tool when setting fares on toll roads and bridges. However, in practice, it has proven extremely difficult to implement in the United States. Many of the planning issues and solutions found during the early phases of a variablepricing pilot study currently being conducted in Lee County, Florida, are examined. Also examined is the electronic toll collection system being implemented in conjunction with variable pricing. The planned variablepricing scheme is detailed, along with how this publicly and politically palatable pricing scheme was derived. Data collection efforts, which include origin-destination surveys, focus groups, mail-back surveys, videotaping of traffic, and detailed traffic counts are described to emphasize the substantial effort undertaken to obtain accurate and meaningful variable-pricing traffic behavioral data that can be applied across the country. A summary of work to date and an overview of the next steps toward implementation of the variable-pricing program in Lee County are presented.

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GOODE, M. K., L. GERACI, and H. L. ROEDIGER. "Superiority of variable to repeated practice in transfer on anagram solution." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pbr.15.3.662.

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SHOENFELT, ELIZABETH L. "COMPARISON OF CONSTANT AND VARIABLE PRACTICE CONDITIONS ON FREE-THROW SHOOTING." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94 (2002): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.94.2.1113-1123.

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SHOENFELT, ELIZABETH L. "COMPARISON OF CONSTANT AND VARIABLE PRACTICE CONDITIONS ON FREE-THROW SHOOTING." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 3 (2002): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.94.3.1113-1123.

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Pacey, Fiona. "Schema Theory and the Effect of Variable Practice in String Teaching." British Journal of Music Education 10, no. 2 (July 1993): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051700001558.

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Schmidt (1975) postulates that motor skills are learned as schemas, which should be better learned if built up from experiencing a wide variety of actions. This variable practice hypothesis is tested in teaching string pupils selected skills, namely the ability to control loudness, tempo and intonation. Results suggest a positive conclusion in the first two instances, but are more ambivalent in the third. There is some discussion of the implications for developing effective practising skills, to help learning become more productive and interesting, and in the application of such skills to the goal of musical and expressive performance.

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Fuertes, Julia García, Veronica Hernandez Garcia, Francisco Javier Ribas Solis, L. Tomas Lopez, P. Sodradillo Ecenarro, M. Azpiazu Blocona, C. Egea Santaolalla, et al. "Controlled Oxygen Therapy in Clinical Practice: Fixed or Variable Venturi Mask?" Chest 145, no. 3 (March 2014): 550A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.1788695.

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Latto, Richard. "Consciousness as an experimental variable: Problems of definition, practice, and interpretation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8, no. 4 (December 1985): 545–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00044988.

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Bernerth, Jeremy B., and Herman Aguinis. "A Critical Review and Best-Practice Recommendations for Control Variable Usage." Personnel Psychology 69, no. 1 (June 4, 2015): 229–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/peps.12103.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Variable practice'

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