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Journal articles on the topic 'Variable flux memory machines'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

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1

Zhou, Zicheng, Hao Hua, and Ziqiang Zhu. "Flux-Adjustable Permanent Magnet Machines in Traction Applications." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13040060.

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This paper overviews the recent advances in flux-adjustable permanent magnet (PM) machines for traction applications. The flux-adjustable PM machines benefit from the synergies of the high torque density and high efficiency in conventional PM machines as well as the controllable air-gap field in wound-field machines, which are attractive for the traction applications requiring enhanced capabilities of speed regulation and uncontrolled voltage mitigation. In general, three solutions have been presented, namely the hybrid excited (HE), the mechanically regulated (MR), and the variable flux memory (VFM) machines. Numerous innovations were proposed on these topics during the last two decades, while each machine topology has its own merits and demerits. The purpose of this paper is to review the development history and trend of the flux-adjustable PM machines, with particular reference to their topologies, working mechanism, and electromagnetic performance.

2

Yang, Hui, Heyun Lin, Erxing Zhuang, Shuhua Fang, and Yunkai Huang. "Investigation of design methodology for non‐rare‐earth variable‐flux switched‐flux memory machines." IET Electric Power Applications 10, no. 8 (September 2016): 744–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2015.0427.

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3

Yang, Hui, Heyun Lin, and Z. Q. Zhu. "Recent advances in variable flux memory machines for traction applications: A review." CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2, no. 1 (March 2018): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/tems.2018.8326450.

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4

Zhong, Yuxiang, Heyun Lin, Zhiyong Chen, Shukang Lyu, and Hui Yang. "Online-Parameter-Estimation-Based Control Strategy Combining MTPA and Flux-Weakening for Variable Flux Memory Machines." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 37, no. 4 (April 2022): 4080–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3126581.

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5

Zhu, Z. Q., Hao Hua, Adam Pride, Rajesh Deodhar, and Toshinori Sasaki. "Analysis and Reduction of Unipolar Leakage Flux in Series Hybrid Permanent-Magnet Variable Flux Memory Machines." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 53, no. 11 (November 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2017.2706764.

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6

Xie, Ying, Zhaoyang Ning, and Zexin Ma. "Comparative Study on Variable Flux Memory Machines With Different Arrangements of Permanent Magnets." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 164304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022595.

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7

Yang, Hui, Z. Q. Zhu, Heyun Lin, Shuhua Fang, and Yunkai Huang. "Comparative Study of Novel Variable-Flux Memory Machines Having Stator Permanent Magnet Topologies." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 11 (November 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2015.2451642.

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8

Hua, Hao, Z. Q. Zhu, Adam Pride, Rajesh Deodhar, and Toshinori Sasaki. "Comparative Study on Variable Flux Memory Machines With Parallel or Series Hybrid Magnets." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, no. 2 (March 2019): 1408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2018.2879858.

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9

Huang, Yunrui, Hui Yang, Hao Zheng, Heyun Lin, and Z. Q. Zhu. "Analysis of flux barrier effect of LCF PM in series hybrid magnet variable flux memory machine." AIP Advances 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 025230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000611.

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Variable flux memory machines (VFMMs) with series hybrid magnets using both low coercive force (LCF) and high coercive force (HCF) permanent magnets (PMs) have been recognized as a viable candidate for wide-speed-range industrial applications due to the advantages of high torque density and wide speed range. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of LCF PM on the HCF PM in series-type VFMM under different magnetization states (MSs) are still unreported. In this paper, the flux barrier effect (FBE) of the LCF PM existing in series hybrid magnet VFMM is first revealed, and its causes are discussed as well as analyzed in depth on the basis of the equivalent magnetic circuit method and finite-element (FE) analyses. A topology of VFMM with dual-layer PMs is further developed to alleviate the FBE induced from LCF PMs. It can be found that the FBE can be effectively suppressed by employing the dual-layer (DL) PM arrangement and additional leakage flux paths. A prototype of the proposed design is built, and the theoretical and FE results are experimentally verified.

10

Yang, Hui, Hao Zheng, Heyun Lin, Zi-Qiang Zhu, Weinong Fu, Wei Liu, Jiaxing Lei, and Shukang Lyu. "Investigation of Hybrid-Magnet-Circuit Variable Flux Memory Machines With Different Hybrid Magnet Configurations." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 57, no. 1 (January 2021): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.3033836.

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11

Lyu, Shukang, Hui Yang, and Heyun Lin. "Magnetization State Selection Method for Uncontrolled Generator Fault Prevention on Variable Flux Memory Machines." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 12 (December 2020): 13270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.2992250.

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12

Yang, Hui, Shukang Lyu, Heyun Lin, Zi-qiang Zhu, Hao Zheng, and Tiangang Wang. "A Novel Hybrid-Magnetic-Circuit Variable Flux Memory Machine." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, no. 7 (July 2020): 5258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2931494.

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13

Yang, Hui, Heyun Lin, Z. Q. Zhu, Shukang Lyu, and Keyi Wang. "A Novel Dual-Sided PM Variable Flux Memory Machine." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 54, no. 11 (November 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2018.2845870.

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14

Yang, Hui, Heyun Lin, Z. Q. Zhu, Dong Wang, Shuhua Fang, and Yunkai Huang. "A Variable-Flux Hybrid-PM Switched-Flux Memory Machine for EV/HEV Applications." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 52, no. 3 (May 2016): 2203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2016.2524400.

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15

Hua, Hao, Z. Q. Zhu, Adam Pride, Rajesh P. Deodhar, and Toshinori Sasaki. "Comparison of End Effect in Series and Parallel Hybrid Permanent-Magnet Variable-Flux Memory Machines." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, no. 3 (May 2019): 2529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2018.2889979.

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16

Cui, Yingjie, Munawar Faizan, and Zhongxian Chen. "Back EMF Waveform Comparison and Analysis of Two Kinds of Electrical Machines." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 3 (September 8, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030149.

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In this study, the back electromotive force (EMF) waveforms of a flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine and variable flux memory permanent magnet (VFMPM) machine with same main dimension were researched. Firstly, the simulation result showed that the maximum amplitude of phase back EMF waveform of FSPM machine was 245% larger than that of the VFMPM machine, and this was verified by the experimental result (243%). Secondly, the phase back EMF harmonics of the FSPM machine and VFMPM machine were compared, including the enhance flux condition and weaken flux condition of VFMPM machine. At last, the mutual demagnetization effect, which led to the difference amplitudes of maximum back EMF waveform between FSPM machine and VFMPM machine was analyzed. The comparison and analysis of the back EMF waveform will provide some qualitative advice for the future application research of the FSPM machine and VFMPM machine, such as application selection, optimization control method and so on.

17

Hua, Hao, Z. Q. Zhu, Adam Pride, Rajesh P. Deodhar, and Toshinori Sasaki. "A Novel Variable Flux Memory Machine With Series Hybrid Magnets." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53, no. 5 (September 2017): 4396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2709261.

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18

Lyu, Shukang, Hui Yang, Heyun Lin, and Yuan Ren. "A Magnetization State Initialization Control Scheme for Variable Flux Memory Machines Without Requiring Position Sensor Information." IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 6, no. 3 (September 2020): 1157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tte.2020.3004734.

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19

Wei, Qiang, Z. Q. Zhu, Yan Jia, Jianghua Feng, Shuying Guo, Yifeng Li, and Shouzhi Feng. "Electromagnetic Performance Analysis of Variable Flux Memory Machines with Series-magnetic-circuit and Different Rotor Topologies." CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 8, no. 1 (March 2024): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30941/cestems.2024.00012.

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20

Hu, Yusheng, Junhua Chen, Ronghai Qu, Bin Chen, Yong Xiao, and Xia Li. "Closed-Loop Magnetization State Control for a Variable-Flux Memory Machine." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 146983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014976.

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21

Guo, Liyan, Qiang Geng, Wei Chen, and Huimin Wang. "Optimal design for low iron-loss variable flux permanent magnet memory machine." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 63, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-190073.

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22

Wang, Wei, Heyun Lin, Hui Yang, Shukang Lyv, Wei Liu, and Shuhua Fang. "Mode recognition and coordinated magnetisation control method for variable flux memory machine." Electronics Letters 57, no. 15 (May 11, 2021): 570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ell2.12194.

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23

Zhang, Chenguang, and Xu Liu. "Comparative Study of Electromagnetic Performance of Double-tooth Variable Flux Memory Machine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1549 (June 2020): 052050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1549/5/052050.

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24

Wang, Wei, Heyun Lin, Hui Yang, Wei Liu, and Shukang Lyu. "Second-Order Sliding Mode-Based Direct Torque Control of Variable-Flux Memory Machine." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 34981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974238.

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25

Yang, Hui, Heyun Lin, Z. Q. Zhu, and Shukang Lyu. "Influence of magnet eddy current on magnetization characteristics of variable flux memory machine." AIP Advances 8, no. 5 (May 2018): 056602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5007785.

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26

Wang, Dong, Heyun Lin, Hui Yang, Yang Zhang, and Xiaoquan Lu. "Design and Analysis of a Variable-Flux Pole-Changing Permanent Magnet Memory Machine." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 11 (November 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2015.2448118.

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27

Zheng, Yuting, Lijian Wu, Youtong Fang, Xiaoyan Huang, and Qinfen Lu. "A Hybrid Interior Permanent Magnet Variable Flux Memory Machine Using Two-Part Rotor." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 55, no. 7 (July 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2019.2901938.

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28

Li, Nian, Da Xu, Xiangjun Hao, and Jianhui Li. "Design and Analysis of a Series-Type Permanent Magnet Axial Flux-Switching Memory Machine." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 8954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238954.

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This paper presents a new topology of an axial flux-switching memory machine with series-type permanent magnets (SPMs) to improve the flux regulation capability. The key idea was to combine low coercive force (LCF) PMs, which can be magnetized and demagnetized readily, with high coercive force (HCF) PMs in series to provide a variable air-gap magnetic flux. The flux regulating principle and the forward magnetization effect of HCF PMs on LCF PMs are presented and discussed. Based on 3D finite element analysis (FEA), the magnetization variation of LCF PMs and the electromagnetic performances of the machine under different magnetization states were investigated. Simulation results showed that the air-gap magnetic flux could be weakened by up to 45% by using a magnetization current impulse, significantly extending the PM motor’s flux-weakening speed range. Finally, a prototype machine was built, and experiments were performed to validate the predictions. The basic experimental validation shows that the measured back-EMF and the flux regulating characteristic matched the 3D FEA results well.

29

Cui, Yingjie, Fei Zhang, Lei Huang, and Zhongxian Chen. "Analysis and Verification of a Cogging Torque Reduction Method for Variable Flux Memory Permanent Magnet Machine." Electronics 10, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161913.

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In this paper, an analytical method based on the series transform and skewed slot structure of rotor is adopted to reduce the cogging torque of the variable flux memory permanent magnet (VFMPM) machine. Firstly, the theory analysis of the cogging torque of the VFMPM machine was completed. Secondly, a simulation model of the VFMPM machine was established, aiming at calculating the cogging torque of the VFMPM machine and verifying the correctness of the above analytical method. Thirdly, a prototype of 14 rotor slots and 12 stator slots of the VFMPM machine was manufactured, and the experimental results of the cogging torque of the VFMPM machine further verified the effectiveness of the above mentioned theory analysis. Besides, the load force of the VFMPM machine including the cogging torque was also tested and analyzed in this paper.

30

Liu, Yulong, Xiaodong Zhang, Shuangxia Niu, Weinong Fu, and Xinhua Guo. "Design and Analysis of a Linear Memory Machine for Ocean Wave Power Generation." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 5216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195216.

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In this paper, a permanent magnet (PM) linear memory machine is proposed for ocean wave power generation. A notable feature of this machine is its online tunable mnemonic flux. This enables it to operate efficiently in a wide speed range and makes it suitable for the variable-speed wave-power generation. Moreover, this machine has both the PMs and the windings arranged in its stator so that it does not need slip rings or brushes. The proposed machine is also robust and cost-effective because it has a simple translator of slotted steel. In this paper, the configuration and working principle of the linear memory machine are firstly introduced. The results of a parametric analysis are presented to investigate the effects of the proposed machine’s geometric parameters. The performance of the proposed machine is then analyzed using time-stepping finite element method (TS-FEM).

31

Wu, Lingxiao, Tianlu Chen, Nima Ciren, Dui Wang, Huimei Meng, Ming Li, Wei Zhao, et al. "Development of a Machine Learning Forecast Model for Global Horizontal Irradiation Adapted to Tibet Based on Visible All-Sky Imaging." Remote Sensing 15, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092340.

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The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is rich in renewable solar energy resources. Under the background of China’s “dual-carbon” strategy, it is of great significance to develop a global horizontal irradiation (GHI) prediction model suitable for Tibet. In the radiation balance budget process of the Earth-atmosphere system, clouds, aerosols, air molecules, water vapor, ozone, CO2 and other components have a direct influence on the solar radiation flux received at the surface. For the descending solar shortwave radiation flux in Tibet, the attenuation effect of clouds is the key variable of the first order. Previous studies have shown that using Artificial intelligence (AI) models to build GHI prediction models is an advanced and effective research method. However, regional localization optimization of model parameters is required according to radiation characteristics in different regions. This study established a set of AI prediction models suitable for Tibet based on ground-based solar shortwave radiation flux observation and cloud cover observation data of whole sky imaging in the Yangbajing area, with the key parameters sensitively tested and optimized. The results show that using the cloud cover as a model input variable can significantly improve the prediction accuracy, and the RMSE of the prediction accuracy is reduced by more than 20% when the forecast horizon is 1 h compared with a model without the cloud cover input. This conclusion is applicable to a scenario with a forecast horizon of less than 4 h. In addition, when the forecast horizon is 1 h, the RMSE of the random forest and long short-term memory models with a 10-min step decreases by 46.1% and 55.8%, respectively, compared with a 1-h step. These conclusions provide a reference for studying GHI prediction models based on ground-based cloud images and machine learning.

32

Zhao, Xifang, Heyun Lin, Wei Liu, and Xianxian Zeng. "Magnetic stability of low corrective force PM in series hybrid magnet memory machine under inverter open-circuit fault." AIP Advances 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 025103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000399.

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Variable flux memory machine (VFMM) can dynamically adjust its air-gap magnetic field by changing the magnetization states of the employed low corrective force (LCF) permanent magnets (PMs). Due to the demagnetization risk of LCF PMs under armature current, it is necessary to analyze their magnetic stability in various operation states. The magnetic stability of LCF PMs in series hybrid magnet VFMM (SHM-VFMM) under inverter open-circuit (IOC) fault is studied in this article. Firstly, the topology of the investigated SHM-VFMM is introduced, and the field-circuit coupled model of the machine under IOC fault is established. Then, the magnetic stabilities of LCF PMs during the normal and fault operations are analyzed and compared by using the finite element method. The effects of LCF PM demagnetization and fault current on torque are also studied. Afterward, the influence mechanism of the fault armature magnetomotive force (MMF) on LCF PM demagnetization is revealed by using the synthetic MMF graphic method. Finally, the main factor affecting the LCF PM demagnetization under IOC fault is highlighted and an effective method for recovering the magnetic stability of LCF PM is proposed.

33

Wang, Qingsong, and Shuangxia Niu. "Overview of flux-controllable machines: Electrically excited machines, hybrid excited machines and memory machines." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 68 (February 2017): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.098.

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34

Owen, R. L., Z. Q. Zhu, J. B. Wang, D. A. Stone, and I. Urquhart. "Review of Variable-flux Permanent Magnet Machines." Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11142/jicems.2012.1.1.023.

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35

Yang, Hui, Z. Q. Zhu, Heyun Lin, H. L. Zhan, H. Hua, Erxing Zhuang, Shuhua Fang, and Yunkai Huang. "Hybrid-Excited Switched-Flux Hybrid Magnet Memory Machines." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 52, no. 6 (June 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2015.2513045.

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36

Huang, L. R., J. H. Feng, S. Y. Guo, J. X. Shi, W. Q. Chu, and Z. Q. Zhu. "Fast design method of variable flux reluctance machines." CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2, no. 1 (March 2018): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/tems.2018.8326462.

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37

Vansompel, Hendrik, Peter Sergeant, Luc Dupre, and Alex Van den Bossche. "Axial-Flux PM Machines With Variable Air Gap." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 61, no. 2 (February 2014): 730–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2013.2253068.

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38

Yang, Hui, Heyun Lin, Z. Q. Zhu, Kaikai Guo, Dong Wang, Shuhua Fang, and Yunkai Huang. "Flux-Concentrated External-Rotor Switched Flux Memory Machines for Direct-Drive Applications." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 26, no. 7 (October 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2016.2600589.

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39

Basnet, Bigyan, and Pragasen Pillay. "Torque Pulsation Reduction During Magnetization in Variable Flux Machines." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 10, no. 2 (April 2022): 1703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2021.3135363.

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40

Huang, L. R., J. H. Feng, S. Y. Guo, J. X. Shi, W. Q. Chu, and Z. Q. Zhu. "Analysis of Torque Production in Variable Flux Reluctance Machines." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 32, no. 4 (December 2017): 1297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2017.2698836.

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41

Yang, Hui, Z. Q. Zhu, Heyun Lin, Shuhua Fang, Yunkai Huang, and Zhike Xu. "Novel Dual-Stator Switched-Flux Memory Machines With Hybrid Magnets." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54, no. 3 (May 2018): 2129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2018.2794960.

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42

Yang, Hui, Z. Q. Zhu, Heyun Lin, Pelin L. Xu, Hanlin L. Zhan, Shuhua Fang, and Yunkai Huang. "Design Synthesis of Switched Flux Hybrid-Permanent Magnet Memory Machines." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 32, no. 1 (March 2017): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2016.2631239.

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43

Liu, X., and Z. Q. Zhu. "Comparative Study of Novel Variable Flux Reluctance Machines With Doubly Fed Doubly Salient Machines." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 49, no. 7 (July 2013): 3838–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2013.2242047.

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44

Ibrahim, Maged, Lesedi Masisi, and Pragasen Pillay. "Design of Variable-Flux Permanent-Magnet Machines Using Alnico Magnets." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51, no. 6 (November 2015): 4482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2015.2461621.

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45

Fernandez, Daniel, Maria Martinez, David Reigosa, Juan M. Guerrero, Carlos Manuel Suarez Alvarez, and Fernando Briz. "Permanent Magnets Aging in Variable Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 3 (May 2020): 2462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.2968872.

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46

Shen, Yiming, and Qinfen Lu. "Investigation of Novel Multi-Tooth Linear Variable Flux Reluctance Machines." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 54, no. 11 (November 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2018.2839662.

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47

Hanene, Hleli, Flah Aymen, and Tounsi Souhir. "Variable reluctance synchronous machines in saturated mode." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp662-673.

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Electric vehicle seems largely based on electrical machines. Finding the best motor type seems be important for having more performances and a transport system robustness. In this work, we present an analytical model of the synchronous machine with variable reluctances in linear and saturated modes. The angular position of the rotor (θ) and the phase current (i) will beused as parameters. The analytical model of this machine will allow us to determinate its magnetic characteristics such inductors, magnetic flux and electromagnetic torque. The results obtained by the analytical model are compared with those obtained by the finite element method. So, basing on Matlab/Simulink tool and by working with finite element method, these results are depicted and the paper objective is illustrated.

48

Mörée, Gustav, and Mats Leijon. "Overview of Hybrid Excitation in Electrical Machines." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 2, 2022): 7254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197254.

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Hybrid excitation is a technology that combines the advantages of field windings and permanent magnets for inducing magnetic flux. This article studies the benefits of hybrid excitation and provides an outlook on their possible applications, such as wind power generators and electric vehicle motors. Compared to permanent magnet-based machines, hybrid excitation gives a variable flux while still using the advantage of the permanent magnets for a portion of the flux. This article also looks into some different categories of machines developed for hybrid excitation. The categories are based on the reluctance circuit, the relative geometrical location of the field windings relative to the permanent magnets, or the placement of the excitation system.

49

Feng, Jingjing, Hui Yang, Yongsheng Ge, and Wei Zhang. "On Unintentional Demagnetization Effect of Switched Flux Hybrid Magnet Memory Machine." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13040066.

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This paper investigates the unintentional demagnetization (UD) characteristics of low-coercive-force (LCF) permanent magnets (PMs), in switched flux hybrid magnet memory machines (SF-HMMMs). Although the LCF PM field is magnetically in parallel to the magnetic fields produced by the NdFeB PM, as well as the armature reaction in the investigated machines, the UD phenomenon of LCF PMs still possibly occurs, particularly, under on-load operation due to the magnetic saturation effect. First, the UD effect is revealed by the frozen permeability method (FPM), and analytically explained via a magnetic circuit model. Various UD types are then identified with the finite-element (FE) method, coupled with a virtual linear hysteresis curve (VLHC) of LCF PM and FPM. In addition, the dimension and grade of the LCF PM are designed with the aid of VLHC, in order to prevent the UD effect. Finally, a fabricated SF-HMMM prototype is tested to verify the theoretical analyses.

50

Hwang, Young Jin, Jae Young Jang, and SangGap Lee. "A Flux-Controllable NI HTS Flux-Switching Machine for Electric Vehicle Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051564.

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Abstract:

This paper deals with a flux-controllable NI HTS flux-switching machine (FSM) for electric vehicle (EV) applications. In a variable-speed rotating machine for EVs, such as electric buses, electric aircraft and electric ships, an electric motor capable of regulating the flux offers the advantage of constant output operation. In general, conventional HTS rotating machines have excellent flux-regulation performance, because they excite an HTS field coil. However, it is difficult to ensure any flux-regulation capabilities in HTS rotating machines using HTS field coils that apply the no-insulation (NI) winding technique, due to the inherent charge and discharge delays in these machines. Nevertheless, the NI winding technique is being actively researched as a key technology for the successful development of HTS rotating machines, because it can dramatically improve the operational stability of HTS field coils. Therefore, research to implement an HTS rotating machine with flux-regulation capabilities, while improving the operating stability of the HTS field coil using the NI winding technique, is required for EV applications. In this paper, we propose an HTS rotating machine with a flux switching structure, a type of topology of a rotating machine that is being actively studied for application to the electric motors used in EVs. The proposed HTS flux-switching machine (FSM) uses NI field coils, but additional field windings are applied for flux regulation, which enables flux control. In this study, an NI HTS field coil was also fabricated and tested because the characteristic resistance value should be used for the design and characteristic analyses of machines which utilize an NI coil. The simulation model used to analyze the flux-regulation performance capabilities of the NI HTS FSM were devised based on the characteristic resistance values obtained from a charging test of the fabricated NI HTS field coil. This study can provide a good reference for further research, including work on the manufacturing of a prototype NI HTS FSM for EV applications, and it can be used as a reference for the development of other HTS rotating machines, such as those used in large-scale wind power generation, where flux-regulation capabilities are required.