Relevant bibliographies by topics / Variability of the surface salinity

Academic literature on the topic 'Variability of the surface salinity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Variability of the surface salinity.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Variability of the surface salinity"

Drushka, Kyla, William E. Asher, Janet Sprintall, Sarah T. Gille, and Clifford Hoang. "Global Patterns of Submesoscale Surface Salinity Variability." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 7 (July 2019): 1669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0018.1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSurface salinity variability on O(1–10) km lateral scales (the submesoscale) generates density variability and thus has implications for submesoscale dynamics. Satellite salinity measurements represent a spatial average over horizontal scales of approximately 40–100 km but are compared to point measurements for validation, so submesoscale salinity variability also complicates validation of satellite salinities. Here, we combine several databases of historical thermosalinograph (TSG) measurements made from ships to globally characterize surface submesoscale salinity, temperature, and density variability. In river plumes; regions affected by ice melt or upwelling; and the Gulf Stream, South Atlantic, and Agulhas Currents, submesoscale surface salinity variability is large. In these regions, horizontal salinity variability appears to explain some of the differences between surface salinities from the Aquarius and SMOS satellites and salinities measured with Argo floats. In other words, apparent satellite errors in highly variable regions in fact arise because Argo point measurements do not represent spatially averaged satellite data. Salinity dominates over temperature in generating submesoscale surface density variability throughout the tropical rainbands, in river plumes, and in polar regions. Horizontal density fronts on 10-km scales tend to be compensated (salinity and temperature have opposing effects on density) throughout most of the global oceans, with the exception of the south Indian and southwest Pacific Oceans between 20° and 30°S, where fronts tend to be anticompensated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Boutin, J., Y. Chao, W. E. Asher, T. Delcroix, R. Drucker, K. Drushka, N. Kolodziejczyk, et al. "Satellite and In Situ Salinity: Understanding Near-Surface Stratification and Subfootprint Variability." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1391–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-15-00032.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Remote sensing of salinity using satellite-mounted microwave radiometers provides new perspectives for studying ocean dynamics and the global hydrological cycle. Calibration and validation of these measurements is challenging because satellite and in situ methods measure salinity differently. Microwave radiometers measure the salinity in the top few centimeters of the ocean, whereas most in situ observations are reported below a depth of a few meters. Additionally, satellites measure salinity as a spatial average over an area of about 100 × 100 km2. In contrast, in situ sensors provide pointwise measurements at the location of the sensor. Thus, the presence of vertical gradients in, and horizontal variability of, sea surface salinity complicates comparison of satellite and in situ measurements. This paper synthesizes present knowledge of the magnitude and the processes that contribute to the formation and evolution of vertical and horizontal variability in near-surface salinity. Rainfall, freshwater plumes, and evaporation can generate vertical gradients of salinity, and in some cases these gradients can be large enough to affect validation of satellite measurements. Similarly, mesoscale to submesoscale processes can lead to horizontal variability that can also affect comparisons of satellite data to in situ data. Comparisons between satellite and in situ salinity measurements must take into account both vertical stratification and horizontal variability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Forget, Gaël, and Carl Wunsch. "Estimated Global Hydrographic Variability." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1997–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3072.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract An estimate is made of the three-dimensional global oceanic temperature and salinity variability, omitting the seasonal cycle, both as a major descriptive element of the ocean circulation and for use in the error estimates of state estimation. Historical hydrography, recent data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, and Argo profile data are all used. Root-mean-square vertical displacements in the upper 300 m of the ocean are generally smaller than 50 m, except in energetic boundary currents and in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. Variability in temperature and salinity is strongly correlated below the top 100 m. Salinity contributions to sea surface height variability appear more significant at low latitudes than expected, possibly resulting from advective and diffusive processes. Results are generally consistent with altimetric variability under two simple kinematic hypotheses, and much of the observed structure coincides with known dynamical features. A large fraction of the sea surface height variability is consistent with the hypothesis of dominance of the first baroclinic mode.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reverdin, G. "North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre Surface Variability (1895–2009)." Journal of Climate 23, no. 17 (September 1, 2010): 4571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3493.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Surface temperature, salinity, and density are examined in the northeastern part of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 115 years of measurements. This region presents coherent variability in space but also between different seasons, with relatively small trends and large multidecadal variability. The most significant trend is a lowering in surface density. Multidecadal variability in T and S is large and is usually similar, with the largest difference between the two in the 1920s and a tendency of T to lead S. Multidecadal T and S are correlated with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index at 0 or 1-yr lag for T and 0 to 3-yr lag for S. This suggests a strong contribution of advection. The lag between T and S is also suggestive of a contribution of air–sea fluxes of heat or freshwater, but probably more so at high frequencies than at the multidecadal time scales. Salinity higher frequency is correlated with NAO at a 2–3-yr lag, whereas T higher frequency variability presents no correlation with NAO at any lag. This suggests different relations between seasonal NAO indices and air–sea heat fluxes patterns in this region before and after 1960; also the advective signal is more clearly identified in salinity in this region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sharma, Rashmi, Neeraj Agarwal, Imran M. Momin, Sujit Basu, and Vijay K. Agarwal. "Simulated Sea Surface Salinity Variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean." Journal of Climate 23, no. 24 (December 15, 2010): 6542–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3721.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A long-period (15 yr) simulation of sea surface salinity (SSS) obtained from a hindcast run of an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) forced by the NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis product is analyzed in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). The objective of the study is twofold: assess the capability of the model to provide realistic simulations of SSS and characterize the SSS variability in view of upcoming satellite salinity missions. Model fields are evaluated in terms of mean, standard deviation, and characteristic temporal scales of SSS variability. Results show that the standard deviations range from 0.2 to 1.5 psu, with larger values in regions with strong seasonal transitions of surface currents (south of India) and along the coast in the Bay of Bengal (strong Kelvin-wave-induced currents). Comparison of simulated SSS with collocated SSS measurements from the National Oceanographic Data Center and Argo floats resulted in a high correlation of 0.85 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.4 psu. The correlations are quite high (>0.75) up to a depth of 300 m. Daily simulations of SSS compare well with a Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) buoy in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (1.5°S, 90°E) with an RMSE of 0.3 psu and a correlation better than 0.6. Model SSS compares well with observations at all time scales (intraseasonal, seasonal, and interannual). The decorrelation scales computed from model and buoy SSS suggest that the proposed 10-day sampling of future salinity sensors would be able to resolve much of the salinity variability at time scales longer than intraseasonal. This inference is significant in view of satellite salinity sensors, such as Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Subrahmanyam, Bulusu, V. S. N. Murty, and David M. Heffner. "Sea surface salinity variability in the tropical Indian Ocean." Remote Sensing of Environment 115, no. 3 (March 2011): 944–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.12.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bingham, Frederick M., Julius J. M. Busecke, and Arnold L. Gordon. "Variability of the South Pacific Subtropical Surface Salinity Maximum." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124, no. 8 (August 2019): 6050–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014598.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Spall, Michael A. "Variability of sea surface salinity in stochastically forced systems." Climate Dynamics 8, no. 3 (January 1993): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00208094.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Cherniavskaia, Ekaterina A., Ivan Sudakov, Kenneth M. Golden, Courtenay Strong, and Leonid A. Timokhov. "Observed winter salinity fields in the surface layer of the Arctic Ocean and statistical approaches to predicting large-scale anomalies and patterns." Annals of Glaciology 59, no. 76pt2 (April 23, 2018): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2018.10.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSignificant salinity anomalies have been observed in the Arctic Ocean surface layer during the last decade. Our study is based on an extensive gridded dataset of winter salinity in the upper 50 m layer of the Arctic Ocean for the periods 1950–1993 and 2007–2012, obtained from ~20 000 profiles. We investigate the interannual variability of the salinity fields, identify predominant patterns of anomalous behavior and leading modes of variability, and develop a statistical model for the prediction of surface-layer salinity. The statistical model is based on linear regression equations linking the principal components of surface-layer salinity obtained through empirical orthogonal function decomposition with environmental factors, such as atmospheric circulation, river runoff, ice processes and water exchange with neighboring oceans. Using this model, we obtain prognostic fields of the surface-layer salinity for the winter period 2013–2014. The prognostic fields generated by the model show tendencies of surface-layer salinification, which were also observed in previous years. Although the used data are proprietary and have gaps, they provide the most spatiotemporally detailed observational resource for studying multidecadal variations in basin-wide Arctic salinity. Thus, there is community value in the identification, dissemination and modeling of the principal modes of variability in this salinity record.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reverdin, G., S. Morisset, J. Boutin, N. Martin, M. Sena-Martins, F. Gaillard, P. Blouch, et al. "Validation of Salinity Data from Surface Drifters." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 967–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00158.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Salinity measurements from 119 surface drifters in 2007–12 were assessed; 80% [Surface Velocity Program with a barometer with a salinity sensor (SVP-BS)] and 75% [SVP with salinity (SVP-S)] of the salinity data were found to be usable, after editing out some spikes. Sudden salinity jumps are found in drifter salinity records that are not always associated with temperature jumps, in particular in the wet tropics. A method is proposed to decide whether and how to correct those jumps, and the uncertainty in the correction applied. Northeast of South America, in a region influenced by the Amazon plume and fresh coastal water, drifter salinity is very variable, but a comparison with data from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite suggests that this variability is usually reasonable. The drifter salinity accuracy is then explored based on comparisons with data from Argo floats and from thermosalinographs (TSGs) of ships of opportunity. SVP-S/SVP-BS drifter records do not usually present significant biases within the first 6 months, but afterward biases sometimes need to be corrected (altogether, 16% of the SVP-BS records). Biases start earlier after 3 months for drifters not protected by antifouling paint. For the few drifters for which large corrections were applied to portions of the record, the accuracy cannot be proven to be better than 0.1 psu, and it cannot be proven to be better than 0.5 psu for data in the largest variability area off northeast South America. Elsewhere, after excluding portions of the records with suspicious salinity jumps or when large corrections were applied, the comparisons rule out average biases in individual drifter salinity record larger than 0.02 psu (midlatitudes) and 0.05 psu (tropics).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Variability of the surface salinity"

Sommer, Anna. "Salinité de surface dans le gyre subtropical de l'Atlantique Nord (SPURS/SMOS/Mercator)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066436/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce travail a porté sur la variabilité de la salinité de surface (SSS) de l'océan dans le gyre subtropical Nord Atlantique. J'ai étudié la variabilité saisonnière de la SSS en lien avec les flux d'eau douce échangés avec l'atmosphère et la circulation océanique à méso échelle, au cours de plus de deux ans, d'août 2012 à décembre 2014. Les produits issus de la mission satellitaire soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) corrigés de biais systématiques aux grandes échelles ont été testés et utilisés pour restituer la variabilité méso-échelle de SSS. Nous avons de surcroit utilisé les simulations numériques à haute résolution PSY2V4R2-R4 de Mercator. Les champs issus de SMOS et des simulations ont été comparés aux données in situ de bouées dérivantes et de thermosalinographes recueillies pendant l'expérience SPURS, avec des résultats satisfaisants, en particulier en hiver, et des écarts-type de différences typiques de l'ordre de 0.15 pss. Le flux d’eau douce échangé avec l’atmosphère est le terme dominant dans le bilan saisonnier de la SSS. Ce sont des termes associés à la dynamique océanique qui le compensent partiellement. En particulier, l’entrainement des eaux sous-jacentes contribue fortement en début d’hiver. Il agit d’ordinaire à réduire la SSS, à l’exception de la région au sud du maximum de SSS, où c’est au contraire une augmentation qu’il induit. L’advection est une seconde contribution importante à la variabilité de la SSS. Elle transfert ainsi vers le nord les eaux ‘salinisées’ plus au sud dans la région du maximum de perte d’eau douce vers l’atmosphère. La contribution d'advection est fortement dépend du type de données utilisées et leur résolution spatiale
The focus of this work is on sea surface salinity (SSS) variability in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. We study seasonal SSS variability and its link to the atmospheric freshwater flux at the ocean surface and to ocean dynamics at meso-scales for the period August 2012 – December 2014. The products from the soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) satellite mission corrected from large scale systematic errors are tested and used to retrieve meso-scale salinity features. Furthermore, the PSY2V4R2-R4 simulation produced by Mercator with a high spatial resolution is also used. The comparison of corrected SMOS SSS data and Mercator simulation with drifter's in situ and TSG measurements from the SPURS experiment shows a reasonable agreement with RMS differences on the order of 0.15 pss.The freshwater seasonal flux is the leading term in the SSS seasonal budget. To balance its effect the ocean dynamics strongly contribute. The entrainment of deeper water is strong during the winter time. It usually acts to lower SSS, except in the south of the SSS–max region where it contributes to increase salinity. Advection is the second important component responsible for the SSS variability. It transfers further north the salty water from the evaporation maximum region. The contribution of advertion term is strongly dependent on the type of data used and their spatial resolution

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Tonin, Hemerson E., and hemer tonin@flinders edu au. "Atmospheric freshwater sources for eastern Pacific surface salinity." Flinders University. Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061031.080144.

Full text

Abstract:

The remarkable salinity difference between the upper Pacific and Atlantic Oceans is often explained through net export of water vapour across Central America. To investigate this mechanism a study of salinity signals in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean current system was made looking at responses to fresh water input from two sources (local versus remote - Atlantic Ocean) as well as a combination of the two. Statistical analyses (Empirical Orthogonal Functions, Single Value Decomposition and Wavelet analysis) were used to split the main sources of the atmospheric freshwater input into local and remote contributions and to quantify both contributions. The remote source was assumed to have been transported over Central America from the Atlantic Ocean as an atmospheric freshwater flux, whereas the local source originated in the Pacific Ocean itself. The analysis suggests that 74% of the total variance in precipitation over the tropical eastern Pacific is due to water vapour transport from the Atlantic. It also demonstrates strong influence of ENSO events, with maximum correlation at a two months time lag. During La Niï¿½a periods the precipitation variance is more closely related to water vapour transport across Central America (the remote source), while during El Niï¿½o periods it is more closely related to the water vapour transport by Southerly winds along the west coast of South America (the local source). The current and temperature fields provided by the Modular Ocean Model (version 2) were used to study the changes in the salinity field when freshwater was added to or removed from the model. ECMWF ERA-40 data taken from the ECMWF data server was used to determine the atmospheric flux of freshwater at the ocean surface, in the form of evaporation minus precipitation (E-P). The Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) computed from temperature and salinity fields determines to what depth the salinity's dilution/concentration takes place for every grid point. Each MLD was calculated from the results of the previous time step, and the water column was considered well mixed from the surface to this depth. The statistical relationships were used to reconstruct the precipitation over the tropical eastern Pacific. A numerical ocean model, which uses currents and temperature from a global ocean model and is forced by precipitation, was used to study the ocean's response to either the remote or the local source acting in isolation. Through time lag correlation analysis of the sea surface salinity anomalies produced by the variation in the reconstructed precipitation fields, it is found that the anomaly signals of salinity propagate westward along the Equator at a rate of approximately 0.25 m.s-1 (6.1 degrees per month).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Nurhati, Intan Suci. "Coral records of central tropical Pacific sea-surface temperature and salinity variability over the 20th century." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34775.

Full text

Abstract:

Accurate forecasts of future regional temperature and rainfall patterns in many regions largely depend on characterizing anthropogenic trends in tropical Pacific climate. However, strong interannual to decadal-scale tropical Pacific climate variability, combined with sparse spatial and temporal coverage of instrumental climate datasets in this region, have obscured potential anthropogenic climate signals in the tropical Pacific. In this dissertation, I present sea-surface temperature (SST) and salinity proxy records that span over the 20th century using living corals from several islands in the central tropical Pacific. I reconstruct the SST proxy records via coral Sr/Ca, that are combined with coral oxygen isotopic (d18O) records to quantify changes in seawater d18O (hereafter d18Osw) as a proxy for salinity. Chapter 2 investigates the spatial and temporal character of SST and d18Osw-based salinity trends in the central tropical Pacific from 1972-1998, as revealed by corals from Palmyra (6ºN, 162ºW), Fanning (4ºN, 159ºW) and Christmas (2ºN, 157ºW) Islands. The late 20th century SST proxy records exhibit warming trends that are larger towards the equator, in line with a weakening of equatorial Pacific upwelling over this period. Freshening trends revealed by the salinity proxy records are larger at those sites most affected by the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), suggesting a strengthening and/or an equatorward shift of the ITCZ. Taken together, the late 20th century SST and salinity proxy records document warming and freshening trends that are consistent with a trend towards a weakened tropical Pacific zonal SST gradient under continued anthropogenic forcing. Chapter 3 characterizes the signatures of natural and anthropogenic variability in central tropical Pacific SST and d18Osw-based salinity over the course of 20th century using century-long coral proxy records from Palmyra. On interannual timescales, the SST proxy record from Palmyra tracks El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. The salinity proxy record tracks eastern Pacific-centered ENSO events but is poorly correlated to central Pacific-centered ENSO events - the result of profound differences in precipitation and ocean advection that occur during the two types of ENSO. On decadal timescales, the coral SST proxy record is significantly correlated to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), suggesting that strong dynamical links exist between the central tropical Pacific and the North Pacific. The salinity proxy record is significantly correlated to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), but poorly correlated to the NPGO, suggesting that, as was the case with ENSO, these two modes of Pacific decadal climate variability have unique impacts on equatorial precipitation and ocean advection. However, the most striking feature of the salinity proxy record is a prominent late 20th century freshening trend that is likely related to anthropogenic climate change. Taken together, the coral data provide key constraints on tropical Pacific climate trends, and when used in combination with model simulations of 21st century climate, can be used to improve projections of regional climate in areas affected by tropical Pacific climate variability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Whitaker, Jessica L. "Orbital- to millennial-scale variability in Gulf of Mexico sea surface temperature and salinity during the late Pleistocene." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002550.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Köhler, Julia [Verfasser], and Detlef [Akademischer Betreuer] Stammer. "Sea Surface Salinity Variability and Underlying Mechanisms : an analysis and interpretation of satellite data / Julia Köhler. Betreuer: Detlef Stammer." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095766341/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Köhler, Julia Verfasser], and Detlef [Akademischer Betreuer] [Stammer. "Sea Surface Salinity Variability and Underlying Mechanisms : an analysis and interpretation of satellite data / Julia Köhler. Betreuer: Detlef Stammer." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095766341/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Nababan, Bisman. "Bio-optical variability of surface waters in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001104.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Korkmaz, Muhtesem Akif. "The Impact Of Climate Variability On The Physical Properties Of The Black Sea For The Period 1971." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613737/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Deep ventilation of the Black Sea is inhibited by a sharp salinity gradient within the upper water column, resulting in a shallow anoxic interface at around 100 &ndash
200 m depth. Understanding biological and chemical processes within the boundary region between oxic and anoxic waters is fundamental to comprehend the biogeochemical response of the Black Sea to climate forcing. The structure and depth of the chemocline is largely determined by the physical processes which transport surface waters to depth. Here we investigate how the structure and stability of the upper water column responds to changes in climatic forcing over interannual to multidecadal time-scales. We report results from two hydrodynamic model reanalysis. The first, extending from 1971-1993 assimilates CTD data. The second, extending from 1992-2001, assimilates altimetry data. Model results are validated against CTD and satellite data and consistency between modeled surface properties and observations is demonstrated. A problem with the data assimilation scheme of the 1992 -2001 model run is identified, which results in model drift and an unrealistic water column structure at intermediate depths. Model results indicate a warming trend of 0.7 °
C in sea surface temperature and a freshening trend of 0.4 in sea surface salinity between 1971 and 2001, with an associated increasing trend in the stability of the seasonal thermocline and a declining trend in surface mixed layer depth of 6.3 m. Trends are superimposed on a distinct multiannual variability characterized by relatively warm and saline conditions between 1971 and 1984, relatively cool and fresh conditions between 1985 and 1993 and warm and fresh conditions post-1993. The period between 1985 and 1993 corresponds to higher NAO and EA/WR index values although these indices do not exhibit a similar ~decadal scale variability. Higher frequency interannual variability in water column characteristics is related to the NAO and EA/WR atmospheric indices. Despite the cool conditions prevalent during the 1990s, the persistent freshening trend caused a reduction in the density of mixed layer waters throughout the study period. A positive feedback is proposed between increasing SSTs, reduced vertical mixing and freshening of the surface layer which further increases the stability of the upper water column. CIL characteristics typically mirrored surface temperature characteristics and varied considerably between the relatively warm period during the early part of the study and the subsequent cool period. The mean thickness and temperature of the CIL between 1971 and 1981 were ~39 m and ~7.5 °
C respectively, as compared to ~47 m and ~7.4 °
C between 1982 and 1993. Freshening of the upper water column also resulted in an increase in the stability maxima that exists at the base of the CIL, suggesting reduced ventilation of the upper water column during winter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Awo, Founi Mesmin. "Modes interannnuels de la variabilité climatique de l'Atlantique tropical, dynamiques oscillatoires et signatures en salinité de surface de la mer." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30171/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Dans cette thèse, nous avons abordé plusieurs thématiques liées aux modes de variabilité climatique dans l'Atlantique tropical à l'échelle interannuelle. Les analyses statistiques nous ont permis dans un premier temps de mettre en évidence les deux principaux modes dominants de cette variabilité interannuelle: un mode équatorial et un mode méridien. Le mode équatorial est responsable d'anomalies de température de surface de la mer (SST) principalement dans le Golfe de Guinée et est identifié par des variations de la pente du niveau de la mer dans la bande équatoriale. Il est dû à des rétroactions dynamiques entre le vent, le niveau de la mer et la SST. Quant au mode méridien, il se manifeste par des fluctuations inter-hémisphériques de SST et est contrôlé par des rétroactions dynamiques et thermodynamiques entre le vent, l'évaporation et la SST. L'évaluation du couplage de ces variables clés du mode méridien nous a permis de proposer un modèle conceptuel pour expliquer les principaux mécanismes responsables des oscillations du mode méridien. Le modèle a montré que le mode méridien résulte de la superposition d'un mécanisme auto-entretenu basé sur les rétroactions positives et négatives générant des oscillations régulières de haute fréquence (2-3 ans) et d'un autre mécanisme d'oscillation basse fréquence (4-9 ans) lié à l'influence d'ENSO du Pacifique Est. Comme l'évolution de ces deux modes est fortement liée au déplacement méridien de la zone de convergence intertropicale (ITCZ) qui transporte les pluies, nous avons ensuite identifié la signature de ces modes sur la salinité de la surface de la mer à l'aide observations in situ et d'une simulation numérique régionale. Les processus océaniques et/ou atmosphériques responsables de la signature de chaque mode ont été également identifiés grâce à un bilan de sel dans la couche de mélange du modèle validé. Le bilan de sel a révélé que le forçage atmosphérique, lié à la migration de l'ITCZ, contrôle la région équatoriale tandis que l'advection, due à la modulation des courants, du gradient vertical et le mélange à la base de la couche de mélange, explique les variations de SSS dans les régions sous l'influence des panaches. [...]
In this thesis, we investigate several topics related to the interannual climatic modes in the tropical Atlantic. Statistical analyses allows us to extract the two main dominant modes of interannual variability: an equatorial mode and a meridional mode. The equatorial mode is responsible for Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies mainly found in the Gulf of Guinea and is linked to variations of the sea-level slope in the equatorial band. It is due to dynamic feedbacks between zonal wind, sea level and SST. The meridional mode is characterised by inter-hemispheric SST fluctuations and is controlled by dynamic and thermodynamic feedbacks between the wind, evaporation and SST. After quantifying the coupling between key variables involved in the meridional mode, we develop a conceptual model to explain the main mechanisms responsible for meridional mode oscillations. The model shows that the meridional mode results from the superposition of a self-sustaining mechanism based on positive and negative feedbacks generating regular oscillations of high frequency (2-3 years) and another low frequency oscillation mechanism (4-9 years) related to the influence of ENSO. As the evolution of these two modes is strongly linked to the meridional shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and associated rainfall maximum, we identify the signature of these modes on Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) using in situ observations and a regional numerical simulation. Oceanic and/or atmospheric processes responsible for the signature of each mode are also identified through a mixed-layer salt budget in the validated model. The salt balance reveals that the atmospheric forcing, related to the ITCZ migration, controls the equatorial region while the advection, due to the modulation of current dynamics, the vertical gradient and mixing at the base of the mixed layer, explains SSS variations in regions under the influence of plumes. Finally, we study the Equatorial Kelvin wave characteristics and influences on the density that are involved in the meridional and equatorial mode connection processes, using a very simplified model of gravity wave propagation along the equator. After a brief description of this model, which was initially constructed to study dynamics in the equatorial Pacific, we apply it to the specific case of the equatorial Atlantic by validating its analytical and numerical solutions under adiabatic conditions. [...]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Michel, Sylvain. "Télédétection de la salinité à la surface des océans : variabilité de la salinité de surface d'après un modèle global de couche mélangée océanique." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077206.

Full text

Abstract:

En préparation du satellite SMOS de l'ESA, nous proposons une méthode pour estimer la salinité de surface des océans (SSS) à partir des observations satellitaires actuelles. Un modèle simplifié de couche mélangée océanique, basé sur la formulation "slab mixed layer" (Frankignoul et Hasselmann, 1977), est implémenté sur l'océan global avec une résolution proche de 100 km et intégré au cours d'une année climatologique. La profondeur de la couche mélangée (MLD), dérivée des observations de température de surface (SST) grâce à une technique d'inversion originale, est bien corrélée aux estimations basées sur des données in situ. Cette profondeur effective représente la pénétration des flux air-mer et assure la cohérence entre les flux, les courants et la SST. La simulation est d'abord validée en examinant le bilan de chaleur dans l'Atlantique Nord-Est, par comparaison aux mesures et aux modèles de l'expérience POMME. Puis le bilan de salinité est étudié dans le domaine global, en termes de distribution géographique et d'évolution saisonnière. L'équilibre entre les différents processus est généralement plus complexe que pour la température : le flux atmosphérique est moins prépondérant (22%), tandis que l'advection géostrophique (33%) et le mélange diapycnal (22%) contribuent fortement. Ce modèle restitue la variabilité de la SSS sur la majeure partie des océans et simule les variations journalières de SSS, qui ne sont pas représentées à l'échelle globale dans les observations actuelles. Grâce à sa simplicité et à sa rapidité, le modèle pourra aider à la calibration/validation de SMOS et fournir une estimation a priori pour l'algorithme de restitution de la SSS
To contribute to ESA's SMOS mission, we propose a method for estimating sea surface salinity (SSS) from current satellite observations and for studying the mechanisms governing ils variability. A simplified model of the ocean mixed layer, based on the "slab mixed layer" formulation (Frankignoul et Hasselmann, 1977), is implemented over the global ocean, using a near 100 km resolution, and integrated during a climatological year. The mixed layer depth (MLD), derived from surface temperature (SST) observations using an original inversion technique, is well correlated to in situ estimates. This effective depth represents the air-sea fluxes penetration and ensures consistency between fluxes, currents and SST. We first validate the simulation through examination of the heat budget in the north-eastern Atlantic, by comparing to measurements and models from the POMME experiment. Then we study the salinity budget in the global domain, in terms of its geographical distribution and seasonal evolution. The balance between the various processes appears generally more complex than for temperature: the role of atmospheric flux is less predominant (22%), while geostrophic advection (33%) and diapycnal mixing (22%) contribute more strongly. The model succeeds in reconstructing SSS variability over most of the oceans and simulates daily SSS variations, which are not represented in current observed data at a global scale. Owing to its simplicity and fast computation, the model will help for the calibration/validation of SMOS measurement and provide a first guess estimate to the SSS restitution algorithm

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Variability of the surface salinity"

Dowgiallo, Michael J. Chesapeake Bay surface salinities, 1951-88. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 1989.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Vossepoe, Femke Cathelijne. Sea-level data assimilation for estimating salinity variability in the Tropical Pacific. Delft: Delft University Press, 1999.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

James, Philip B. Interannual variability of Mars' south polar cap. St. Louis, Mo: Physics Dept., University of Missouri--St. Louis, 1987.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bowen, Melissa Marie. Mechanisms and variability of salt transport in partially-stratified estuaries. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Liebermann, Timothy D. User's manual for estimation of dissolved-solids concentrations and loads in surface water. Denver, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lieberman, Timothy D. User's manual for estimation of dissolved-solids concentrations and loads in surface water. Denver, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Fernandez, Mario. Surface-water hydrology and salinity of the Anclote River estuary, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Fernandez, Mario. Surface-water hydrology and salinity of the Anclote River estuary, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Fernandez, Mario. Surface-water hydrology and salinity of the Anclote River estuary, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Fernandez, Mario. Surface-water hydrology and salinity of the Anclote River estuary, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Variability of the surface salinity"

Supply, Alexandre, Jacqueline Boutin, Gilles Reverdin, Jean-Luc Vergely, and Hugo Bellenger. "Variability of Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Under Rainfall." In Advances in Global Change Research, 1155–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35798-6_34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lagerloef, Gary. "Sea Surface Salinity." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 747–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_165.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Saunders, Kim David, and David B. King. "Simulating Temperature, Salinity and Currents in the Ocean." In Ocean Variability & Acoustic Propagation, 561–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3312-8_43.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Phillips, J. D., and D. F. Dean. "Multichannel Acoustic Reflection Profiling of Ocean Watermass Temperature/Salinity Interfaces." In Ocean Variability & Acoustic Propagation, 199–214. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3312-8_15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Pozdnyakova, Larisa, and Renduo Zhang. "Estimating Spatial Variability of Soil Salinity using Geostatistical Methods." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Precision Agriculture, 79–89. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1999.precisionagproc4.c7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lahlou, Mouanis, Moulay Mohamed Ajerame, Patrick Bogaert, and Brahim Bousetta. "Spatiotemporal Variability and Mapping of Groundwater Salinity in Tadla: Geostatistical Approach." In Developments in Soil Salinity Assessment and Reclamation, 167–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5684-7_11.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Church, John A., Dean Roemmich, Catia M. Domingues, Josh K. Willis, Neil J. White, John E. Gilson, Detlef Stammer, et al. "Ocean Temperature and Salinity Contributions to Global and Regional Sea-Level Change." In Understanding Sea-Level Rise and Variability, 143–76. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444323276.ch6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kohfeld, Karen E., and Andy Ridgwell. "Glacial-interglacial variability in atmospheric CO2." In Surface Ocean—Lower Atmosphere Processes, 251–86. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008gm000845.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Smith, Roger E., and Gerald W. Buchleiter. "Variability Scales of Surface Soil Sorptivity." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Precision Agriculture, 215–23. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1999.precisionagproc4.c19.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Comiso, Josefino. "Variability of Surface Temperature and Albedo." In Polar Oceans from Space, 223–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Variability of the surface salinity"

Michel, S., B. Chapron, J. Tournadre, and N. Reul. "Global analysis of sea surface salinity variability from satellite data." In Oceans 2005 - Europe. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2005.1511676.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bingham, Frederick M., Joseph M. D'Addezio, Severine Fournier, Hong Zhang, and Karly Ulfsax. "Sea Surface Salinity Subfootprint Variability from a Global High-Resolution Model." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323566.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lv, Kebo, Hongping Li, Changjun Li, Hong Zhao, and Haihua Chen. "Horizontal and vertical sea surface salinity variability in South China sea area." In IGARSS 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7325926.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Boutin, J., N. Martin, X. Yin, and J. L. Vergely. "Large scale variability of SMOS sea surface salinity in 2010 and 2011: Ocean variability and other effects." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6352304.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Tang, Wenqing, Simon Yueh, Daqing Yang, Ellie Mcleod, Alexander Fore, Akiko Hayashi, Estrella Olmedo, Justino Martinez, and Carolina Gabarro. "Variability of Spacebased Sea Surface Salinity and Freshwater Contents in the Hudson Bay." In IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8898120.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Henocq, C., J. Boutin, F. Petitcolin, S. Arnault, and P. Lattes. "Vertical variability of Sea Surface Salinity and influence on L-band brightness temperature." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4422966.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sabia, Roberto, Adriano Camps, Christine Gommenginger, and Meric Srokosz. "Retrieved sea surface salinity spatial variability using high resolution data within the soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) mission." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423051.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ratnawati, H. I., E. Aldrian, and A. H. Soepardjo. "Variability of evaporation-precipitation (E-P) and sea surface salinity (SSS) over Indonesian maritime continent seas." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2017 (ISCPMS2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5064249.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Shafrova, Svetlana, and Per Olav Moslet. "In-Situ Uniaxial Compression Tests of Level Ice: Part I — Ice Strength Variability Versus Length Scale." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92450.

Full text

Abstract:

Field programs of the ice strength determination through the uniaxial compression tests were carried out on the landfast level ice both in the Van Mijenfjorden and in the Adventfjorden on Svalbard, Norway in 2004 and 2005. The ice strength was examined in relation to the different length scales. The step (horizontal distance) between the ice samples was continuously reduced in order to find out how the ice strength variability develops. The spatial variation of the physical properties of the ice such as temperature, salinity, density has been measured. The typical ice strength variability for the areas larger than 40 m2 is found about 20–30 % for the vertical ice cores of the certain depth from the ice cover surface. For the horizontal ones it is slightly less about 10–20 %.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bento, A. Rute, Henrique Coelho, and Chunxue Yang. "Evaluation of the Ocean Circulation for the Solomon Sea Using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96179.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is a free-surface, terrain-following, primitive equations ocean model and it was implemented to perform a high-resolution 10-year hindcast study of Solomon’s Sea circulation patterns. The model was executed with a resolution of 1/36°, initial conditions from HYCOM+NCODA Global 1/12° and was forced by CFSR/CFSV2 momentum, mass and heat fluxes. The model was validated by comparing the simulated temperatures, salinities and flow patterns with satellite data, Argo floats and Ship ADCP measurements. In general, the model captured the main circulation patterns and performed well for the Solomon Sea. The modelled Temperature and Salinity profiles were comparable with the observations, with some error variability in the thermocline layer, which agreed with previous studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Variability of the surface salinity"

Bigorre, Sebastien P., Benjamin Pietro, Alejandra Gubler, Francesca Search, Emerson Hasbrouck, Sergio Pezoa, and Robert A. Weller. Stratus 17 Seventeenth Setting of the Stratus Ocean Reference Station Cruise on Board RV Cabo de Hornos April 3 - 16, 2018 Valparaiso - Valparaiso, Chile. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27245.

Full text

Abstract:

The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with past cruises that have come between October and May. This cruise was conducted on the Chilean research vessel Cabo de Hornos. During the 2018 cruise on the Cabo de Hornos to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were the recovery of the previous (Stratus 16) WHOI surface mooring, deployment of the new Stratus 17 WHOI surface mooring, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation installed on the ship, CTD casts near the moorings. The Stratus 17 had parted from its anchor site on January 4 2018, so its recovery was done in two separate operations: first the drifting buoy with mooring line under it, then the bottom part still attached to the anchor. Surface drifters and ARGO floats were also launched along the track.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Plueddemann, Albert, Benjamin Pietro, and Emerson Hasbrouck. The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS): NTAS-19 Mooring Turnaround Cruise Report Cruise On Board RV Ronald H. Brown October 14 - November 1, 2020. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27012.

Full text

Abstract:

The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air–sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations will be used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. This report documents recovery of the NTAS-18 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-19 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 160 m of the mooring line were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, salinity and velocity. Deep ocean temperature and salinity are measured at approximately 38 m above the bottom. The mooring turnaround was done on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ship Ronald H. Brown, Cruise RB-20-06, by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The cruise took place between 14 October and 1 November 2020. The NTAS-19 mooring was deployed on 22 October, with an anchor position of about 14° 49.48° N, 51° 00.96° W in 4985 m of water. A 31-hour intercomparison period followed, during which satellite telemetry data from the NTAS-19 buoy and the ship’s meteorological sensors were monitored. The NTAS-18 buoy, which had gone adrift on 28 April 2020, was recovered on 20 October near 13° 41.96° N, 58° 38.67° W. This report describes these operations, as well as other work done on the cruise and some of the pre-cruise buoy preparations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Toole, John M., and Raymond W. Schmitt. A Moored Profiling Instrument for Observing Finescale Velocity, Temperature and Salinity Variability in the Coastal Environment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628614.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Oakey, Neil S. Horizontal Variability in Surface Mixing in Response to Wind Forcing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629422.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Poulain, Pierre-Marie. Variability of the Surface Circulation and Temperature in the Adriatic Sea. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628942.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lewis, Marlon R., and John J. Cullen. Variability in Surface Reflectance and the Attenuation of Solar Radiation in Coastal Marine Waters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626519.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Velichkova, Ts, and N. Kilifarska. Geomagnetic forcing of the lower stratospheric O3 and surface temperature short-term variability prior to earthquakes. Balkan, Black sea and Caspian sea Regional Network for Space Weather Studies, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31401/sandg.2018.01.01.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Chopra, O. K., and W. J. Shack. Review of the margins for ASME code fatigue design curve - effects of surface roughness and material variability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/925073.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Orange, Daniel L., and Ana Garcia-Garcia. Repeat Surveys to Evaluate Seasonal Variability in Seafloor and Shallow Sub-surface Acoustic Properties, Shallow Water Gulf of Mexico. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada515031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!