Academic literature on the topic 'Variabilità somaclonale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Variabilità somaclonale"
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Shyam, Chitralekha, Manoj Kumar Tripathi, Sushma Tiwari, Niraj Tripathi, Ravindra Singh Solanki, Swapnil Sapre, Ashok Ahuja, and Sharad Tiwari. "In Vitro Production of Somaclones with Decreased Erucic Acid Content in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern&Coss]." Plants 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071297.
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Brassica juncea is a crucial cultivated mustard species and principal oilseed crop of India and Madhya Pradesh, grown for diverse vegetables, condiments, and oilseeds. Somaclonal variation was explored as a probable source of additional variability for the manipulation of fatty acids, especially low erucic acid contents that may be valuable for this commercially important plant species. The plantlets regenerated from tissue cultures (R0), their R1 generation and respective parental lines were compared for morpho-physiological traits and fatty acid profile for the probable existence of somaclonal variations. The first putative somaclone derived from genotype CS54 contained 5.48% and 5.52% erucic acid in R0 and R1 regenerants, respectively, compared to the mother plant (41.36%). In comparison, the second somaclone acquired from PM30 exhibited a complete absence of erucic acid corresponding to its mother plant (1.07%). These putative somaclones present a source of variation for exploitation in the development of future mustard crops with low erucic acid content.
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Adly, Walaa M. R. M., Gniewko Niedbała, Mohammad E. EL-Denary, Mahasen A. Mohamed, Magdalena Piekutowska, Tomasz Wojciechowski, El-Sayed T. Abd El-Salam, and Ahmed S. Fouad. "Somaclonal Variation for Genetic Improvement of Starch Accumulation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tubers." Plants 12, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12020232.
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Starch content is one of the major quality criteria targeted by potato breeding programs. Traditional potato breeding is a laborious duty due to the tetraploid nature and immense heterozygosity of potato genomes. In addition, screening for functional genetic variations in wild relatives is slow and strenuous. Moreover, genetic diversity, which is the raw material for breeding programs, is limited due to vegetative propagation used in the potato industry. Somaclonal variation provides a time-efficient tool to breeders for obtaining genetic variability, which is essential for breeding programs, at a reasonable cost and independent of sophisticated technology. The present investigation aimed to create potato somaclones with an improved potential for starch accumulation. Based on the weight and starch content of tubers, the somaclonal variant Ros 119, among 105 callus-sourced clones, recorded a higher tuberization potential than the parent cv Lady Rosetta in a field experiment. Although this somaclone was similar to the parent in the number of tubers produced, it exhibited tubers with 42 and 61% higher fresh and dry weights, respectively. Additionally, this clone recorded 10 and 75% increases in starch content based on the dry weight and average content per plant, respectively. The enhanced starch accumulation was associated with the upregulation of six starch-synthesis-related genes, namely, the AGPase, GBSS I, SBE I, SBE II, SS II and SS III genes. AGPase affords the glycosyl moieties required for the synthesis of amylose and amylopectin. GBSS is required for amylose elongation, while SBE I, SBE II, SS II and SS III are responsible for amylopectin.
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Bridgen, Mark. "Development of Insect-tolerant Plants with Somaclonal Variation." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 695c—695. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.695c.
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The potential value of somaclonal variation for economically important plants is well-documented. The process of somaclonal variation can arise from a controlled or a random source of variation. Variability can be obtained by applying cellular pressures and selection. Valuable resistance to diseases and nematodes has already been accomplished with somaclonal variation; now, plant tolerance to pests has been realized. Tetranychus urticae, the two-spotted spidermite, and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, the greenhouse whitefly, were disinfected and introduced to aseptic shoot cultures of Torenia fournieri. These pests were allowed to feed until such time that their populations decreased due to the absence of food. The plant cells that remained after feeding were induced to form adventitious shoots and plantlets. These regenerated plantlets were acclimated to greenhouse conditions and evaluated for tolerance to the pest to which they were subjected in vitro. Highly significant differences were found in somaclones for both the two-spotted spidermite and greenhouse whitefly when compared to control plants. A wide range of variability was observed among the somaclonal population. There were significantly fewer mite eggs laid on plants regenerated from in vitro cultures screened with two-spotted spidermites than on seed-sown controls. Regenerants from cultures screened with whiteflies in vitro had fewer eggs, immatures and live adults than controls. The potential for somaclonal variation to be used as a method to develop insect resistant plants will be discussed.
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Ermini, J. L., G. C. Tenaglia, C. Parisod, and Guillermo R. Pratta. "Banana somaclonal variation assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism profiles at early cycles of in vitro culture." AgriScientia 38, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v38.n2.33260.
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Banana micropropagation for obtaining free-virus plants frequently provokes somaclonal variation that could increase useful genetic variability in this asexually propagated crop. Both exploring the cycle of in vitro culture in which somaclonal variation occurs and the amount of generated polymorphism, are necessary. In this work, preliminary results of somaclonal variation during early cycles of banana in vitro culture are reported. Four randomly selected regenerated plants from the fifth cycle and two samples from the mother plant were analyzed. A total of 36 AFLP primer combinations were assayed, and 24 of them produced amplicons varying among 50- 500 bp. The mother plant presented a total of 125 different amplicons while the regenerated plants jointly showed 131 different amplicons with a mean of 119.75 ± 3.97 per individual. High level of DNA polymorphism (24.43 %) was found among micropropagated plants and, additionally, the occurrence of somaclonal variation at earlier cycles was suggested by multivariate analysis of Principal Coordinates. In this study, somaclonal variation at early cycles of banana micropropagation was validated and the adequacy of AFLP technique to assess it at the molecular level was verified. The phenotypic effects of the detected somaclonal variations remain to be evaluated.
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Dahab, A. A., A. Amin, Y. V. R. Ibrahim, and G. Safwat. "Genetic variability of somaclonal variation in micropropagatedJatropha curcasL." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1187 (November 2017): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1187.24.
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Damiano, C., S. Monticelli, A. Frattarelli, S. Nicolini, and L. Corazza. "SOMACLONAL VARIABILITY AND IN VITRO REGENERATION OF STRAWBERRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 447 (October 1997): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.447.8.
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Lestari, Endang G., Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih, Muhammad Syukur, and Rosa Yunita. "Keragaman Somaklonal untuk Perbaikan Tanaman Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) melalui Kultur In Vitro." Jurnal AgroBiogen 6, no. 1 (August 4, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v6n1.2010.p26-32.
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<p>Somaclonal Variability for the Improvement of Plants<br />Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) by In Vitro Culture.<br />Endang G. Lestari, Rosa Yunita, and Ali Husni. Artemisia<br />annua L., a family member of Asteraceae, is medicinal<br />plants originated from China. The plant has been widely<br />used by the local people for malaria remedy. Its active substance,<br />artemisine, has been proved to hamper the malaria<br />bacteria incubation, Plasmodium sp. In accordance with the<br />WHO recomendation, the Department of Health of Indonesia<br />is now in the attempt of developing this plant as the<br />subtitute of chloroquin because of the malaria bacteria<br />resistance to this antidote. In Indonesia, the artemisine<br />content of the plant less than 0,5% is the crucial problem<br />leading no investors are interested in its economic value.<br />Therefore, Indonesian Medicinal and Spice Crops Research<br />Institute; BPTO Tawangmangu, Indonesian Institute of<br />Sciences; and PT Kimia Farma cooperate for obtaining the<br />prime clone by breeding, selection, as well as environmental<br />adaptation. In coping with the problem, ICABIOGRAD in the<br />collaboration with Bogor Agricultural University have<br />conducted the research for genetic improvement through<br />mutative induction and field selection. This research on<br />somaclonal variation. was conducted from Januari 2006 to<br />Juni 2008. Eksplan used for experiment were shoots radiated<br />with 10-100 Gy gamma ray. The result showed that the shoot<br />radiated with the dosage of 70-100 Gy was unable to grow.<br />On the other hand, the high level of multiplication was<br />acquired in the one radiated with 10-30 Gy. The optimum<br />radiation for somaclonal radiation was eventually gained<br />with 40-60 Gy. The somaclone lines with 10-60 Gy radiation<br />have been aclimatized and planted in Gunung Putri plot in<br />the elevation of 1545 asl. Artemisinin content at the high<br />biomases genotype is 0,49-0,52%.</p>
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Kokina, Inese, Ilona Mickeviča, Marija Jermaļonoka, Linda Bankovska, Vjačeslavs Gerbreders, Andrejs Ogurcovs, and Inese Jahundoviča. "Case Study of Somaclonal Variation in Resistance GenesMloandPme3in Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimumL.) Induced by Nanoparticles." International Journal of Genomics 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1676874.
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Nanoparticles influence on genome is investigated worldwide. The appearance of somaclonal variation is a cause of great concern for any micropropagation system. Somaclonal variation describes the tissue-culture-induced phenotypic and genotypic variations. This paper shows the results of somaclonal variation in two resistance genes pectin methylesterase and Mlo-like protein in all tissue culture development stages, as donor plant, calluses, and regenerants ofLinum usitatissimuminduced by gold and silver nanoparticles. In this paper, it was essential to obtain DNA material from all tissue culture development stages from one donor plant to record changes in each nucleotide sequence. Gene region specific primers were developed for resistance genes such asMloandPme3to define the genetic variability in tissue culture ofL. usitatissimum. In recent years, utilization of gold and silver nanoparticles in tissue culture is increased and the mechanisms of changes in genome induced by nanoparticles still remain unclear. Obtained data show the somaclonal variation increase in calluses obtained from one donor plant and grown on medium supplemented by gold nanoparticles (Mlo14.68±0.98;Pme32.07±0.87) or silver nanoparticles (Mlo12.01±0.43;Pme310.04±0.46) and decrease in regenerants. Morphological parameters of calluses showed a number of differences between each investigated culture group.
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Mikelsone, Andra, Dace Grauda, Veneranda Stramkale, and Isaak Rashal. "Breeding For Organic Farming : Obtaining And Evaluation Of Flax Somaclonal Families." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 5, 2015): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol2.990.
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Plant calli culture could be used as a source of genetic changes (somaclonal variation). There are known several flax varieties, bred on the basis of somaclonal variation, with improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant height, seed yield and other traits. This method is useful for obtaining the new initial material for flax breeding, including for intensification of breeding for organic farming. Goal of the study was to obtain plants-regenerants from the calli culture of the fibre flax variety ‘Vega 2’ and to evaluate their agronomical traits and resistance to powdery mildew. For obtaining plants-regenerants was used early elaborated protocol of somatic calli cultivation. Agronomically important traits, such as total and technical plant height, number of seed vessels, number of seeds in a seed vessel, and resistance to diseases were evaluated. Most of somaclonal families had higher total and technical plant height in comparison with the initial variety ‘Vega 2’. In the opposite, number of seed vessels and number of seeds in a seed vessel had a tendency to decrease. It was concluded that even changes in not desirable direction may be recognised as an indirect indicator of the rather high level of induced somaclonal variation, which can occurred also in traits, which were not evaluated during this experiment, therefore there is a potential to exploit flax somaclonal variation in applied breeding programs as an additional source of variability.
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Kochevenko, A. S., Y. I. Ratushnyak, and Y. Y. Gleba. "Protoplast culture and somaclonal variability of species of series Juglandifolia." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 44, no. 2 (February 1996): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00048186.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Variabilità somaclonale"
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Morère-Le, Paven Marie-Christine. "Contribution a l'etude moleculaire de la variabilite somaclonale chez le ble." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112130.
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L'organisation du genome mitochondrial de cultures in vitro de tissus somatiques de ble tendre a pu etre etudiee a partir d'adn total, grace a des hybridations moleculaires realisees avec des sondes specifiques. Ces cultures subissent une importante reorganisation de la structure de leur genome mitochondrial qui est sous controle d'informations nucleaires et depend a la fois du type d'explant utilise pour initier les cultures et de la duree de la culture in vitro. Une etude analogue a ete realisee a partir de plantes regenerees issues de ces cultures. Ces plantes regenerees presentent des types de reorganisations de leur genome mitochondrial deja rencontres dans les cultures in vitro correspondantes mais egalement d'autres types de reorganisations qui leur sont specifiques. Nous avons alors entrepris une etude des mecanismes moleculaires a l'origine des organisations du genome mitochondrial en utilisant la technique pcr. Il s'est avere qu'une molecule subgenomique detectee uniquement chez une plante regeneree par hybridation moleculaire est presente en quantite subliminale chez la variete parentale et chez les cals. Enfin, nous avons analyse des plantes issues de croisements reciproques entre differentes plantes regenerees a partir d'embryons immatures. S'il s'avere qu'elles ont toutes une organisation de leur genome mitochondrial heritee maternellement, certaines plantes presentent cependant des modifications par rapport a l'organisation du genome mitochondrial du parent femelle
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Petit-Paly, Geneviève. "Les Alcaloïdes quaternaires dihydrofuroquinoléiques à activité cytotoxique de Ptelea trifoliata L. (Rutacee) : comparaison de la variabilité intraspécifique (in vivo) et la variabilité somaclonale (in vitro) : mise en évidence de molécules nouvelles." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR3803.
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Pawlicki, Nathalie. "Contributions à l'amélioration de la Carotte (Daucus carota l. ) en vue d'augmenter sa richesse en carotènes et en fibres alimentaires : variabilité somaclonale et transformation génétique par agrobacterium tumefaciens." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD336.
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Afin de rechercher des plantes de carotte plus riches en carotènes et en fibre alimentaires, l'embryogenèse somatique est optimisée chez 14 variétés. Les teneurs en carotènes et en acide galacturonique dans les pivots de plantes régénérées a partir d'embryons somatiques sont analysées et comparées a celles de plantes issues de semis. Pour 6 variétés sur les 9 étudiées, des plantes surproductrices en carotènes sont obtenues. En revanche, aucune variation n'est observée pour les teneurs en acide galacturonique. Le rôle de l'embryogenèse somatique comme une source de variabilités est discute. Pour provoquer des mutations, des germinations stériles sont irradiées (rayons gamma). Les teneurs en carotènes des quelques plantes régénérées a partir d'embryons somatiques ne montrent pas de différences significatives avec celles des plantes témoins non irradiées. De plus, après une dose d'irradiation de 5000 rads, des cals hyperpigmentés sont observes. Aussi, dans un but d'introduire plusieurs gènes modifiant le métabolisme des carotènes chez la carotte, les conditions optimales pour la transformation génétique par agrobacterium tumefaciens sont définies. Il apparait que les fragments de pétioles, prélèves sur des germinations stériles âgées de 3 ou 4 semaines, sont les explants les plus favorables a la transformation. Une coculture de 48 ou 72h est la durée la plus adéquate. Une préculture des explants avant la coculture, ainsi que l'addition de composes phénoliques, comme l'acetosyringone, ne sont pas primordiaux. Différents tests ont confirme l'état transgénique des plantes.
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Simard, Marie-Hélène. "Méthodologies de révélation de la variabilité préexistante ou induite chez l'oeillet (Dianthus caryophyllus L. )." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112018.
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En vue d'une intégration dans un programme de sélection, des méthodes basées sur l'emploi d'un agent mutagène physique (rayons gamma) ou d'une technique de culture in vitro (organogenèse) sont utilisées séparément ou associées pour révéler ou créer une variabilité chez l'oeillet. Parmi les diverses modalités d'applicatioon d'un rayonnement ionisant, l'exposition de boutures racinées à une dose de 60 Gray a été retenue. 200 boutures permettent une diversificatioon importante du coloris floral. L'aptitude à l'organogenèse directe a eté testée sur plusieurs explants. Le pétale de jeune bouton floral présente les meilleures capapcités caulogènes. La zone organogène est limitée à la base de l'onglet. L'approche histologique révèle que les néoformations proviennent des assises épidermiques et sous-épidermiques. Divers programmes morphogénéntiques sont possibles en fonctioon des équilibres hormonaux. Après isolement, les tigelles s'orientent soit vers la voie végétative (phénotype vitreux) soit vers un développement floral (structure pétaloïde). Des modifications des conditions de culture permettant l'inhibition et la réversion de la vitrification ont été associées pour induire un développement normal des tiges. L'étude histologique montre que ces dernières sont identiques à celle d'une plantule issue de micropropagation. Les modalités d'association d'un traitment mutagène à la technique de régénération directe on été détinies. Afin d'éviter les chimères, le pétale doit être irradié avant le deuxième jour de culture (cellules différenciées). Des doses de 20 à 40 Gray oeuvent être appliquées.
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Hartmann, Caroline. "Étude comparée des effets de la culture in vitro de cellules somatiques et sexuelles de blé sur l'organisation des génomes nucléaires et cytoplasmiques." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112353.
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La variabilité génomique consécutive à la culture in vitro de cellules somatiques et sexuelles de différentes variétés de blé a été étudiée au niveau des compartiments nucléaires et cytoplasmiques. Génome nucléaire : un sous-clone de l'unité répétée de l'ADN ribosomal nucléaire du blé, contenant toute la région espaceur non transcrit, a été utilisé comme sonde moléculaire pour détecter une éventuelle variabilité génomique chez plusieurs lignées haploïdes doublées androgénétiques (variation gamétoclonale) ainsi que chez des cultures de cals embryogènes et non embryogènes initiées à partir d'embryons immatures et chez des plantes régénérées à partir des cals embryogènes (variation somaclonale). Nous avons montré qu'une variabilité existait dans la longueur de la région espaceur non transcrit de certaines lignées androgénétiques mais, à l'inverse, aucune variation n'a pu être détectée chez les cultures de tissus somatiques et chez les plantes régénérées. De plus, nos expériences tendent à montrer que la région espaceur non transcrit de l'ADN ribosomal du blé représente une sonde tout à fait appropriée au contrôle du bon déroulement d'un processus conduisant à l'obtention de régénérant androgénétiques. Génomes cytoplasmiques : nous n'avons pu détecter une variation de l'organisation des génomes chloroplastiques et mitochondriaux des lignées androgénétiques étudiées. La réponse est différente, pour le génome mitochondrial, lorsque les cultures in vitro sont initiées à partir de cellules somatiques. Nous avons tout d'abord montré que les cultures de cals embryogènes et non embryogènes différaient, entre elles et par rapport à leur cultivar parental, dans l'organisation de leur génome mitochondrial. Ces différences se manifestent soit par la perte de certains fragments de restriction ou par la variation de la stœchiométrie relative de certains autres fragments. Ces variations apparaissent très tôt après l'initiation des cultures in vitro et sont rapidement stabilisées. De plus, la variation détectée chez les cals embryogènes est retrouvée chez des plantes régénérées ayant subi 2 autofécondations : cette variation est donc transmise sexuellement. Enfin, nous avons montré que la spécificité de la variation du génome mitochondrial ne dépendait pas du cultivar parental utilisé mais était corrélée à la potentialité embryogène des cellules en culture.
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Li, Xiu-Qing. "Variabilité après culture in vitro : étude génétique à partir de culture de protoplastes chez Nicotiana sylvestris : description des plantes régénérées chez Medicago lupulina." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112187.
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Medicago tuputina et Nicotiana sytvestris ont été utilisées pour essayer d'améliorer la capacité de régénération grâce à des cycles successifs de culture in vitro, et pour étudier la manifestation de la variabilité chez les plantes régénérées. I. RESULTATS CHEZ MEDICAGO LUPULINA: Les conditions régénération des plantes après culture de tissus en utilisant un choc hormonal, ainsi que les facteurs conditionnant la régénération ont été mis au point. Les bourgeons régénérés sont observés sur l'extrémité basale des explants mis en culture. Un second cycle de culture provoque une légère augmentation de la capacité régénération. Les plantes régénérées sans passage par cal et certaines des leurs descendances en autofécondation montrent des anomalies morphologiques II. RESULTATS CHEZ NICOTIANA SYLVESTRIS: Trois cycles successifs de culture de protoplastes et de régénération de plantes ont été effectués (PR1, PR2, PR3), au cours desquels une augmentation de la capacité de régénération a été constatée. L'hétérogénéité des caractères quantitatifs et des mutations qualitatives des plantes régénérées et de leur descendance augmente avec le nombre de cycles de culture. Pratiquement toutes les plantes PR3 présentent des anomalies chromosomiques. Une trentaine de mutants diploïdes ont été obtenus, parmi lesquels: Un mutant chlorophyllien PR2 qui présente une déficience en chlorophylle b à hérédité semi-dominant nucléare. Les plantes régénérées avec ou sans passage par cal à partir de cultures de tissu de ce mutant manifestent des variations somatiques. D'autre part, parmi les trois plantes (PR2) régénérées à partir d'un même cal, 2 se sont révélées mâles stériles cytoplasmiques (CMS), et la troisième fertile. L'ADN chloroplastique de ces 3 plantes est identique à celui de la plante sauvage. Des variations de l'ADN mitochondrial de ces 3 lignées ont été mises en évidence, les CMS présentant notamment des délétions. L'étude d'un croisement réciproque entre une plante témoin et la plante régénérée fertile mais possédant des variations de l'ADNmt montre qu'un effet cytoplasmique joue sur 11 caractères quantitatifsMedicago lupulina and Nicotiana sylvestris were used to attempt improvement of regenerating capacity after successive cycles of in vitro culture, and to study variability among regenerated plants. I. RESULTS CONCERNING MEDICAGO LUPULINA:Plants were regenerated from tissue culture after a hormonal shock and the factors affecting regeneration were determined. Regenerated buds were observed on the basal extremity of cultured explants. A second culture cycle produced a slight increase in regeneration capacity. Plants regenerated without going through a callus stage and some of their selfed progeny showed morphological abnormalities. II. RESULTS CONCERNING NICOTIANA SYLVESTRIS: Three successive cycles of protoplast culture and plant regeneration were performed (PR1, PR2, PR3) during which an increase in regeneration capacity was observed. Heterogeneity of both quantitative characters and qualitative mutations in regenerated plants and their progeny was shown to increase with the number of culture cycles. Nearly all PR3 plants showed chromosomic abnormalities. About thirty diploid mutants were obtained, one of which was a chlorophylian PR2 mutant showing a chlorophyl b deficiency with semi-dominant nuclear heredity. Plants regenerated from this mutant showed somatic variations wether or not they had gone through a callus stage. Three other plants were regenerated from a single callus, two of which were shown to be cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS), the third being fertile. Chloroplastic DNA from these three plants was identical to wild type. Mitochondrial DNA variations appeared in these three lines with deletions in the two CMS. By studying a reciprocal cross between a wild plant and the fertile mitochondrial DNA variant the cytoplasmic variation was shown to affect eleven quantitative characters
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Herbreteau-Lemonnier, Catherine. "Recherche dans un but de sélection des mécanismes impliqués dans la production de solasodine : utilisation de la variabilité observée in vitro (des cultures peu différenciées à la plante néoformée) chez Solanum laciniatum Ait. et Solanum khasianum C.B. Clarke." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112446.
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Solanum laciniatum Ait. Et Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke ont été utilisés pour établir des cultures de tissus et des clones néoformés à partir de ces cultures. Une méthode d'analyse chromatographique (chromatographie liquide sous haute pression) a été mise au point pour déterminer et quantifier les glycoalcaloïdes de la solasodine synthétisés par les différents tissus de ces Solanacées. La variabilité des cultures de tissus, suspensions de cellules et plantes néoformées sur cals a été mise en évidence pour des caractères morphologiques, physiologiques et biochimiques (contenu alcaloïdique et pigmentaire). Un modèle du développement, de la synthèse et de l'accumulation des alcaloïdes a pu être décrit chez cette espèce. Des caractères de sélection variétale ont été définis. L'hybridation somatique par électrofusion entre protoplastes de S. Khasianum et S. Melongena a été suivie de la régénération de plantes. L'une d'entre elles a été identifiée comme un hybride somatique après une étude morphologique et une analyse des isozymes. Solanum laciniatum Ait. And Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke were used to establish tissue cultures and to regenerate plant clones. H. P. L. C. (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) method for solasodine glycoalkaloids analysis was applied to our material. Morphological, physiological and biochemical (Glycoalkaloids and pigments content) variabilities were studies on callus suspensions and regenerated plants of S·laciniatum. A model of developmental stages of the plant and the pathway of alkaloid synthesis and accumulation can be defined in this species. Breeding characters are established. The somatic hybridization of S·khasianum and S·melongena by electrofusion of protoplasts permitted the regeneration of plants. One of the plants regenerated after the fusion was identified as a somatic hybrid by morphological and isozyme analysisSolanum laciniatum Ait. And Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke were used to establish tissue cultures and to regenerate plant clones. H. P. L. C. (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) method for solasodine glycoalkaloïds analysis was applied to our material. Morphological, physiological and biochemical (Glycoalkaloïds and pigments content) variabilities were studied on callus suspensions and regenerated plants of S. Laciniatum. A model of developmental stages of the plant and the pathway of alkaloid synthesis and accumulation can be defined in this species. Breeding characters are established. The somatic hybridization of S. Khasianum and S. Melongena by electrofusion of protoplasts permitted the regeneration of plants. One of the plants regenerated after the fusion was identified as a somatic hybrid by morphological and isozyme analysis
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Bouderrah, Mohamed. "Comparaison de deux modes de vitropropagation à partir de vitrosemis d'eucalyptus camaldulensis provenance lake albacutya : Micropropagation à partir de bourgeons axillaires, micropropagation à partir de bourgeons adventifs, et étude de la variabilité." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10002.
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Microbouturage à partir de vitrosemis : multiplication par fragmentation-élongation. Multiplication par hyper-ramification de bourgeons adventifs induits par caulogénèse sur des vitroplants. Variabilité clonale au cours des différentes phases de la multiplication par bourgeons adventifs
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BETTINI, PRISCILLA PAOLA. "Analisi della variabilità somaclonale in presenza ed assenza di pressione selettiva in Nicotiana tabacum e Chenopodium album." Doctoral thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/650742.
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Somaclones both selected and not selected for tolerance to the triazine herbicide atrazine were used to compare tissue culture-induced variability in the presence or absence of stress. Two types of repeated sequences (rDNA and a randomly cloned, anonymous sequence) were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively, and overall genome variation was assessed by RAPDs. Multiplicity differences were found for the two sequences both between the tolerant and susceptible group and within each group with respect to leaf DNA, but no qualitative differences were detected with either RFLPs orRAPDs. Moreover, we investigated whether stress-induced variation in the atrazine target gene, the chloroplast psbA gene, was responsible for herbicide tolerance by analysing two possible resistance mechanisms: the presence of a specfic point mutation in the gene and its amplification and/or increased expression. Some somaclones were shown to be a mosaic for psbA gene mutation, but the number of cells or plastid genomes involved seemed too low to account for tolerance in the whole tissue. Atrazine tolerance could then be due to an increase in the number of plastids/plastid genomes or/and to a permanent response to respiration inhibition whose basis is, up to now, unknown.
Book chapters on the topic "Variabilità somaclonale"
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Buiatti, M., F. Gimelli, R. Venturo, P. Bogani, and T. Picconi. "Interclonal Variability Induced by in vitro and in vivo Propagation in a Vegetatively Propagated Plant, the Carnation." In Somaclonal Variations and Crop Improvement, 251–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7733-5_27.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Variabilità somaclonale"
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Kritskaya, T. A., A. S. Kashin, and M. Yu Kasatkin. "The prospect of using clonal micropropagation to conserve the gene pool of natural Tulipa suaveolens (Liliaceae) populations." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.130.
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Stupko, V. Yu, and A. V. Sidorov. "Grain yield stability of wheat varieties, developed by sell selection method." In All-Russian Scientific Conference "Russian Science, Innovation, Education - 2022". Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/rosnio.2022.3.29-35.
Full textAbstract:
The agronomic stability of the variety, along with high yields, is an indispensable condition for its zoning in risky farming areas, which include also the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The technology of cell selection under inducted stress in vitro (salinity, low pH) may produce genetic diversity based on the somaclonal variations. A comparative assessment of the yield stability of the regenerate varieties obtained by this method and of their donor genotypes was carried out. Field experiments were carried out for three years differing by moisture at the experimental production farm “Minino” near Krasnoyarsk city. The linear regression coefficient (bi) and squared deviation (s2 d) had suggested by S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell were used for the evaluation of varieties. A significant difference in phenotypic stability was revealed between donor varieties and regenerate ones. The regenerate varieties appeared to be better adapted to low-yielding locations (bi<0,7). However, the presence of a number of regenerate varieties, demonstrating, in comparison with the donor genotype, greater yield stability (bi → 1; s2 d → 0) with an average yield close to the original genotype, is to be noted. This shows the potential of cell selection for the stability increase of high yield varieties. In general, high variability of regenerate varieties deviation from their donor