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Academic literature on the topic 'Variabilita interannuale'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Variabilita interannuale"

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Navarro-Pérez, E., and E. D. Barton. "Seasonal and interannual variability of the Canary Current." Scientia Marina 65, S1 (July 30, 2001): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2001.65s1205.

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Grandey, Benjamin S., Hsiang-He Lee, and Chien Wang. "Radiative effects of interannually varying vs. interannually invariant aerosol emissions from fires." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 22 (November 23, 2016): 14495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14495-2016.

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Abstract. Open-burning fires play an important role in the earth's climate system. In addition to contributing a substantial fraction of global emissions of carbon dioxide, they are a major source of atmospheric aerosols containing organic carbon, black carbon, and sulfate. These “fire aerosols” can influence the climate via direct and indirect radiative effects. In this study, we investigate these radiative effects and the hydrological fast response using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5). Emissions of fire aerosols exert a global mean net radiative effect of −1.0 W m−2, dominated by the cloud shortwave response to organic carbon aerosol. The net radiative effect is particularly strong over boreal regions. Conventionally, many climate modelling studies have used an interannually invariant monthly climatology of emissions of fire aerosols. However, by comparing simulations using interannually varying emissions vs. interannually invariant emissions, we find that ignoring the interannual variability of the emissions can lead to systematic overestimation of the strength of the net radiative effect of the fire aerosols. Globally, the overestimation is +23 % (−0.2 W m−2). Regionally, the overestimation can be substantially larger. For example, over Australia and New Zealand the overestimation is +58 % (−1.2 W m−2), while over Boreal Asia the overestimation is +43 % (−1.9 W m−2). The systematic overestimation of the net radiative effect of the fire aerosols is likely due to the non-linear influence of aerosols on clouds. However, ignoring interannual variability in the emissions does not appear to significantly impact the hydrological fast response. In order to improve understanding of the climate system, we need to take into account the interannual variability of aerosol emissions.
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Labitzke, K., B. Naujokat, and J. J. Barnett. "Interannual variability." Advances in Space Research 10, no. 12 (January 1990): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(90)90395-g.

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Cravatte, Sophie, Guillaume Serazin, Thierry Penduff, and Christophe Menkes. "Imprint of chaotic ocean variability on transports in the southwestern Pacific at interannual timescales." Ocean Science 17, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 487–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-487-2021.

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Abstract. The southwestern Pacific Ocean sits at a bifurcation where southern subtropical waters are redistributed equatorward and poleward by different ocean currents. The processes governing the interannual variability of these currents are not completely understood. This issue is investigated using a probabilistic modeling strategy that allows disentangling the atmospherically forced deterministic ocean variability and the chaotic intrinsic ocean variability. A large ensemble of 50 simulations performed with the same ocean general circulation model (OGCM) driven by the same realistic atmospheric forcing and only differing by a small initial perturbation is analyzed over 1980–2015. Our results show that, in the southwestern Pacific, the interannual variability of the transports is strongly dominated by chaotic ocean variability south of 20∘ S. In the tropics, while the interannual variability of transports and eddy kinetic energy modulation are largely deterministic and explained by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), ocean nonlinear processes still explain 10 % to 20 % of their interannual variance at large scale. Regions of strong chaotic variance generally coincide with regions of high mesoscale activity, suggesting that a spontaneous inverse cascade is at work from the mesoscale toward lower frequencies and larger scales. The spatiotemporal features of the low-frequency oceanic chaotic variability are complex but spatially coherent within certain regions. In the Subtropical Countercurrent area, they appear as interannually varying, zonally elongated alternating current structures, while in the EAC (East Australian Current) region, they are eddy-shaped. Given this strong imprint of large-scale chaotic oceanic fluctuations, our results question the attribution of interannual variability to the atmospheric forcing in the region from pointwise observations and one-member simulations.
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Katsura, Shota, Eitarou Oka, Bo Qiu, and Niklas Schneider. "Formation and Subduction of North Pacific Tropical Water and Their Interannual Variability." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 2400–2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-031.1.

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Abstract Formation and subduction of the North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW), its interannual variability, and its associated mechanisms were investigated by using gridded Argo-profiling float data and various surface flux data in 2003–11. The NPTW has two formation sites in the center of the North Pacific subtropical gyre, corresponding to two regional sea surface salinity maxima. Mixed layer salinity variations in these two NPTW formation sites were found to be significantly different. While seasonal variation was prominent in the eastern formation site, interannual variation was dominant in the western site. The mixed layer salinity variation in the eastern site was controlled mainly by evaporation, precipitation, and entrainment of fresher water below the mixed layer and was closely related to the seasonal variation of the mixed layer depth. In the western site, the effect of entrainment is small due to a small vertical difference in salinity across the mixed layer base, and excess evaporation over precipitation that tended to be balanced by eddy diffusion, whose strength varied interannually in association with the Pacific decadal oscillation. After subduction, denser NPTW that formed in the eastern site dissipated quickly, while the lighter one that formed in the western site was advected westward as far as the Philippine Sea, transmitting the interannual variation of salinity away from its formation region.
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Li, Feili, M. Susan Lozier, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Naomi P. Holliday, Young-Oh Kwon, Anastasia Romanou, Steve G. Yeager, and Rong Zhang. "Local and Downstream Relationships between Labrador Sea Water Volume and North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Variability." Journal of Climate 32, no. 13 (June 11, 2019): 3883–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0735.1.

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Abstract While it has generally been understood that the production of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) impacts the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC), this relationship has not been explored extensively or validated against observations. To explore this relationship, a suite of global ocean–sea ice models forced by the same interannually varying atmospheric dataset, varying in resolution from non-eddy-permitting to eddy-permitting (1°–1/4°), is analyzed to investigate the local and downstream relationships between LSW formation and the MOC on interannual to decadal time scales. While all models display a strong relationship between changes in the LSW volume and the MOC in the Labrador Sea, this relationship degrades considerably downstream of the Labrador Sea. In particular, there is no consistent pattern among the models in the North Atlantic subtropical basin over interannual to decadal time scales. Furthermore, the strong response of the MOC in the Labrador Sea to LSW volume changes in that basin may be biased by the overproduction of LSW in many models compared to observations. This analysis shows that changes in LSW volume in the Labrador Sea cannot be clearly and consistently linked to a coherent MOC response across latitudes over interannual to decadal time scales in ocean hindcast simulations of the last half century. Similarly, no coherent relationships are identified between the MOC and the Labrador Sea mixed layer depth or the density of newly formed LSW across latitudes or across models over interannual to decadal time scales.
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Hess, P., D. Kinnison, and Q. Tang. "Ensemble simulations of the role of the stratosphere in the attribution of northern extratropical tropospheric ozone variability." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 5 (March 4, 2015): 2341–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2341-2015.

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Abstract. Despite the need to understand the impact of changes in emissions and climate on tropospheric ozone, the attribution of tropospheric interannual ozone variability to specific processes has proven difficult. Here, we analyze the stratospheric contribution to tropospheric ozone variability and trends from 1953 to 2005 in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes using four ensemble simulations of the free running (FR) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). The simulations are externally forced with observed time-varying (1) sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), (2) greenhouse gases (GHGs), (3) ozone depleting substances (ODS), (4) quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), (5) solar variability (SV) and (6) stratospheric sulfate surface area density (SAD). A detailed representation of stratospheric chemistry is simulated, including the ozone loss due to volcanic eruptions and polar stratospheric clouds. In the troposphere, ozone production is represented by CH4–NOx smog chemistry, where surface chemical emissions remain interannually constant. Despite the simplicity of its tropospheric chemistry, at many NH measurement locations, the interannual ozone variability in the FR WACCM simulations is significantly correlated with the measured interannual variability. This suggests the importance of the external forcing applied in these simulations in driving interannual ozone variability. The variability and trend in the simulated 1953–2005 tropospheric ozone from 30 to 90° N at background surface measurement sites, 500 hPa measurement sites and in the area average are largely explained on interannual timescales by changes in the 30–90° N area averaged flux of ozone across the 100 hPa surface and changes in tropospheric methane concentrations. The average sensitivity of tropospheric ozone to methane (percent change in ozone to a percent change in methane) from 30 to 90° N is 0.17 at 500 hPa and 0.21 at the surface; the average sensitivity of tropospheric ozone to the 100 hPa ozone flux (percent change in ozone to a percent change in the ozone flux) from 30 to 90° N is 0.19 at 500 hPa and 0.11 at the surface. The 30–90° N simulated downward residual velocity at 100 hPa increased by 15% between 1953 and 2005. However, the impact of this on the 30–90° N 100 hPa ozone flux is modulated by the long-term changes in stratospheric ozone. The ozone flux decreases from 1965 to 1990 due to stratospheric ozone depletion, but increases again by approximately 7% from 1990 to 2005. The first empirical orthogonal function of interannual ozone variability explains from 40% (at the surface) to over 80% (at 150 hPa) of the simulated ozone interannual variability from 30 to 90° N. This identified mode of ozone variability shows strong stratosphere–troposphere coupling, demonstrating the importance of the stratosphere in an attribution of tropospheric ozone variability. The simulations, with no change in emissions, capture almost 50% of the measured ozone change during the 1990s at a variety of locations. This suggests that a large portion of the measured change is not due to changes in emissions, but can be traced to changes in large-scale modes of ozone variability. This emphasizes the difficulty in the attribution of ozone changes, and the importance of natural variability in understanding the trends and variability of ozone. We find little relation between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index and large-scale tropospheric ozone variability over the long-term record.
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Hess, P., D. Kinnison, and Q. Tang. "Ensemble simulations of the role of the stratosphere in the attribution of tropospheric ozone variability." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 14 (August 8, 2014): 20461–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-20461-2014.

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Abstract. Despite the need to understand the impact of changes in emissions and climate on tropospheric ozone, attribution of tropospheric interannual ozone variability to specific processes has proved difficult. Here we analyze the stratospheric contribution to tropospheric ozone variability and trends from 1953–2005 in the Northern Hemisphere (N.~H.) mid-latitudes using four ensemble simulations of the Free Running (FR) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). The simulations are forced with observed time varying: (1) sea surface temperatures (SSTs), (2) greenhouse gases (GHGs), (3) ozone depleting substances (ODS), (4) Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO); (5) solar variability (SV) and (6) stratospheric sulfate surface area density (SAD). Detailed representation of stratospheric chemistry is simulated including the ozone loss processes due to volcanic eruptions and polar stratospheric clouds. In the troposphere ozone production is represented by CH4-NOx smog chemistry, where surface chemical emissions remain interannually constant. Despite the simplicity of the tropospheric chemistry, the FR WACCM simulations capture the measured N. H. background interannual tropospheric ozone variability in many locations to a surprising extent, suggesting the importance of external forcing in driving interannual ozone variability. The variability and trend in the simulated 1953–2005 tropospheric ozone record from 30–90° N at background surface measurement sites, 500 hPa measurement sites and in the area average is largely explained on interannual timescales by changes in the 150 hPa 30–90° N ozone flux and changes in tropospheric methane concentrations. The average sensitivity of tropospheric ozone to methane (percent change in ozone to a percent change in methane) from 30–90° N is 0.17 at 500 hPa and 0.21 at the surface; the average sensitivity of tropospheric ozone to the 150 hPa ozone flux (percent change in ozone to a percent change in the ozone flux) from 30–90° N is 0.19 at 500 hPa and 0.11 at the surface. The 30–90° N simulated downward residual velocity at 150 hPa increased by 15% between 1953 and 2005. However, the impact of this on the 30–90° N 150 hPa ozone flux is modulated by the long-term changes in stratospheric ozone. The ozone flux decreases from 1965 to 1990 due to stratospheric ozone depletion, but increases again by approximately 7% from 1990–2005. The first empirical orthogonal function of interannual ozone variability explains from 40% (at the surface) to over 80% (at 150 hPa) of the simulated ozone interannual variability from 30–90° N. This identified mode of ozone variability shows strong stratosphere–troposphere coupling, demonstrating the importance of the stratosphere in an attribution of tropospheric ozone variability. The simulations, with no change in emissions, capture almost 50% of the measured ozone change during the 1990s at a variety of locations. This suggests that a large portion of the measured change is not due to changes in emissions, but can be traced to changes in large-scale modes of ozone variability. This emphasizes the difficulty in the attribution of ozone changes, and the importance of natural variability in understanding the trends and variability of ozone. We find little relation between the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index and large-scale tropospheric ozone variability over the long-term record.
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Tandon, Neil F., Oleg A. Saenko, Mark A. Cane, and Paul J. Kushner. "Interannual Variability of the Global Meridional Overturning Circulation Dominated by Pacific Variability." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 3 (March 2020): 559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0129.1.

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AbstractThe most prominent feature of the time-mean global meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is the Atlantic MOC (AMOC). However, interannual variability of the global MOC is shown here to be dominated by Pacific MOC (PMOC) variability over the full depth of the ocean at most latitudes. This dominance of interannual PMOC variability is robust across modern climate models and an observational state estimate. PMOC interannual variability has large-scale organization, its most prominent feature being a cross-equatorial cell spanning the tropics. Idealized experiments show that this variability is almost entirely wind driven. Interannual anomalies of zonal mean zonal wind stress produce zonally integrated Ekman transport anomalies that are larger in the Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic Ocean, simply because the Pacific is wider than the Atlantic at most latitudes. This contrast in Ekman transport variability implies greater variability in the near-surface branch of the PMOC when compared with the near-surface branch of the AMOC. These near-surface variations in turn drive compensating flow anomalies below the Ekman layer. Because the baroclinic adjustment time is longer than a year at most latitudes, these compensating flow anomalies have baroclinic structure spanning the full depth of the ocean. Additional analysis reveals that interannual PMOC variations are the dominant contribution to interannual variations of the global meridional heat transport. There is also evidence of interaction between interannual PMOC variability and El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
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Qiu, Bo, and Shuiming Chen. "Interannual Variability of the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent and Its Associated Mesoscale Eddy Field." Journal of Physical Oceanography 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4285.1.

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Abstract Interannual changes in the mesoscale eddy field along the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) band of 18°–25°N in the western North Pacific Ocean are investigated with 16 yr of satellite altimeter data. Enhanced eddy activities were observed in 1996–98 and 2003–08, whereas the eddy activities were below average in 1993–95 and 1999–2002. Analysis of repeat hydrographic data along 137°E reveals that the vertical shear between the surface eastward-flowing STCC and the subsurface westward-flowing North Equatorial Current (NEC) was larger in the eddy-rich years than in the eddy-weak years. By adopting a 2½-layer reduced-gravity model, it is shown that the increased eddy kinetic energy level in 1996–98 and 2003–08 is because of enhanced baroclinic instability resulting from the larger vertical shear in the STCC–NEC’s background flow. The cause for the STCC–NEC’s interannually varying vertical shear can be sought in the forcing by surface Ekman temperature gradient convergence within the STCC band. Rather than El Niño–Southern Oscillation signals as previously hypothesized, interannual changes in this Ekman forcing field, and hence the STCC–NEC’s vertical shear, are more related to the negative western Pacific index signals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Variabilita interannuale"

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Schmitt, Carolin. "Interannual variability in antarctic sea ice motion = Interannuelle Variabilität antarktischer Meereis-Drift /." Karlsruhe : Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014885627&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Mayot, Nicolas. "La saisonnalité du phytoplancton en Mer Méditerranée." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066440/document.

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Le phytoplancton est un élément primordial dans les réseaux trophiques marins et il est un acteur principal dans les cycles biogéochimiques de la planète. Cependant, des incertitudes subsistent autour des facteurs environnementaux influençant sa saisonnalité ainsi que sa capacité à se développer. L’objectif majeur de cette thèse est d’étudier la réponse du phytoplancton à la variabilité interannuelle des facteurs environnementaux en Mer Méditerranée. Plus précisément, il s’agit de déterminer l’influence de ces derniers sur la saisonnalité du phytoplancton.Dans un premier temps, la variabilité interannuelle des cycles annuels de biomasses phytoplanctoniques observables en Méditerranée a été analysée. Certaines régions, tel que les zones de formation d’eau dense, présentent une variabilité interannuelle importante. L’une des régions les plus variables est la zone de formation d’eau dense en Méditerranée Nord-Occidentale. Une approche multi-outils basée sur des observations a été mise en place pour l’étude des variations spatiale et temporelle de la saisonnalité du phytoplancton dans cette région. Le rôle crucial du mélange vertical et de la disponibilité en lumière sur la saisonnalité du phytoplancton a été évalué. Il est démontré qu’une couche de mélange profonde pendant l’hiver augmente l’intensité du bloom phytoplanctonique printanier, due à une présence plus importante dans la communauté phytoplanctonique de micro-phytoplancton. En conséquence, le taux de production primaire printanier augmente. Enfin, ces modifications de la communauté phytoplanctonique et de la production provoquent une augmentation du stock de carbone organique produit au printemps
The phytoplankton are essential for the oceanic trophic webs and for biogeochemical cycles on Earth. However, uncertainties remain about the environmental factors influencing its seasonality, and its growing efficiency. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the responses of the phytoplankton to the interannual variability of the environmental factors, in the Mediterranean Sea. More precisely, we aim to assess the influence of the environmental factors on phytoplankton seasonality. The interannual variability of the phytoplankton annual cycles are analyzed in the Mediterranean Sea, thus highlighting the regions associated with annual cycle variability, like the ones where deep-water formation events occur recurrently. One of these regions is the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. A multiplatform approach based on in situ observations is implemented to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of the phytoplankton seasonality in this particular region. The influences of mixed layer depth and the light availability on phytoplankton seasonality are assessed. An intense deepening of the mixed layer (related to the deep convection) increases the magnitude of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Moreover, the strong deepening of mixed layer seems to induce favorable conditions for an important accumulation of micro-phytoplankton (composed of diatoms mainly). In turn, the phytoplankton production rate increases, mostly, the primary production rate of diatoms. Finally, at the scale of the North-Western Mediterranean Sea, the shift in the phytoplankton community structure and in production induces an increase of the organic carbon stock produced during spring
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Scaife, Adam A. "Interannual variability of the stratosphere." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284451.

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James, Paul Martin. "Interannual variability in a baroclinic atmosphere." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290299.

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Washington, Richard. "Interannual and interdecadal variability of African rainfall." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396138.

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Sinclair, James A. "Seasonal and interannual variability in Saturn's stratosphere." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1ae2289b-a615-4d16-8f01-b13ea10f3bbe.

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The stratosphere of Saturn is highly variable. With an axial tilt of 26.7°, Saturn experiences seasons like Earth and is currently approaching northern summer solstice in 2017. In addition to general seasonal change, previous studies have highlighted that Saturn's stratosphere is host to a range of dynamical phenomena. These processes have an observable effect on the vertical temperature profile and stratospheric concentrations of acetylene (C2H2) and ethane (C2H6), which may be determined or retrieved from thermal infrared observations of Saturn. This thesis presents an analysis of observations of Saturn acquired by Voyager's IRIS (Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer, 180 - 2500 cm-1, Hanel et al.,[1980]) instrument in 1980, Cassini's CIRS (Composite Infrared Spectrometer, 10 - 1400 cm-1, Flasar et al.,[2004]) instrument from 2005 to 2012 and the Celeste spectrometer (400 - 2000 cm-1, Moran et al.,[2007]) on NASA's IRTF (Infrared Telescope Facility) in 2012 in order to track seasonal and interannual changes in Saturn's stratosphere. The concentrations of C2H2 and C2H6 were seen to decrease at 15°S and increase at 25°N from 2005 to 2009/2010. These changes at 15°S and 25°N respectively indicate upward and downward branches associated with cross-equatorial seasonally-reversing Hadley circulation that has been predicted by a general circulation model [Friedson and Moses, 2012]. Strong cooling of up to 17 K at high-southern latitudes from 2005 to 2010 suggests an autumnal weakening of a vortex that appears to form at the pole of the summer hemisphere [Fletcher et al., 2008]. The emergence of a similar northern polar vortex as northern summer solstice approaches was yet to be observed in 2012. Interannual differences in the equatorial temperature structure between 1980 and 2009/2010 suggest Saturn's semiannual oscillation (or SSAO, Fouchet et al. [2008]; Orton et al. [2008]) has been captured in a different phase from one year to the next. This is puzzling since the oscillation would be expected to have undergone two cycles assuming its period is half a Saturn year (14.7 years). This contrast is suggestive that the period of the SSAO is more quasisemiannual.
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Spadone, Aurélie. "Variabilité interannuelle du courant des Malouines." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066226.

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Le courant des Malouines est une émanation de la branche nord du courant circumpolaire Antarctique en Atlantique Sud Ouest. Une série temporelle de transport sur les 1500 premiers m de la colonne d’eau de plus de 15 ans a été construite en utilisant les données altimétriques et les informations sur la structure verticale du courant apportées par deux jeux de mesures in situ obtenues à 8 ans d'intervalle. Bien qu’aucune tendance n’ait été révélée par le jeu de données de 2001-2003, les variations interannuelles sont importantes. Un changement marqué dans la composition spectrale de la série de transport est noté : pendant la période de 1992 à 1997, les variations du transport du courant des Malouines ont des périodes relativement courtes (50-90 jours et autour de 180 jours) alors qu’après 2000, elles sont dominées par des périodes plus longues (autour de la période annuelle). Les variations du transport aux échelles de temps supérieures à 120 jours suivent le rotationnel de la tension de vent dans le Pacifique Sud Est (~40-50°S ; 80-110°W) (retards de phase ≤ 20 jours).
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Nortley, Fay. "Interannual variability in a seasonally varying simple GCM." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294613.

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Grignon, Laure. "Causes of the interannual variability of deep convection." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72147/.

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Deep water formation in the Labrador Sea and the Gulf of Lion, for example, results from convection. A cyclonic circulation leads to a doming of the isopycnals at its centre, where stratification is then completely eroded by high surface winter buoyancy loss. This thesis assesses the causes of the interannual variability of deep convection. We first aim to quantify the relative importance of preconditioning, defined as the temperature and salinity structures and contents of the water column before the onset of convection, and of the buoyancy forcing (averaged over one winter) on the final convective mixed layer depth and on the temperature and salinity of the water mass formed. This study focuses on the Mediterranean and uses data from the Medar/Medatlas and Dyfamed data sets. The heat fluxes are studied and characterised. It is shown the the preconditioning is as important as the winter buoyancy fluxes in setting the final depth of convection. At the Dyfamed site (Corsica Strait), the seasonal cycle shows that the stratification frequency reaches a maximum in the intermediate layer in winter. This winter maximum is thought to be of critical importance. The second (and main) part focuses on the effect of the short-term (O(day)) variability of the surface forcing on convection, using an idealised model. The MIT model is integrated over a square box of size 64km x 64 km x 2km initialised with homogeneous salinity and a linear vertical temperature gradient. The configuration of the model is described and validated. A time-periodic cooling is then applied over a disc of radius 20km at the centre of the surface of the box. It is shown that the final mixed layer depth depends little on this short-term time variability because the lateral buoyancy fluxes are very responsive to the surface ones. Our results are compared with traditional parameterisation of the lateral buoyancy fluxes. General characteristics of the patch are also looked at, such as the rim current, the location of the angular momentum surfaces, the potential vorticity and the residual stratification in the mixed layer. The characteristics of the final water mass in each experiment are studied, showing that the short-term time variability of the forcing has an impact on the characteristics of the water mass formed. The last part compares the modelling study to gliders data for the Labrador Sea obtained by Peter Rhines and Charlie Eriksen of the University of Washington, WA, USA, in winter 2004-05. In that part of the real ocean, the variability of the boundary current seems more important than the variability in the surface forcing.
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Price, Martin R. "Processes governing interannual variabililty in Drake Passage." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426986.

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Books on the topic "Variabilita interannuale"

1

James, Philip B. Interannual variability of Mars' south polar cap. St. Louis, Mo: Physics Dept., University of Missouri--St. Louis, 1987.

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2

Bell, Gerald D. Interseasonal and interannual variability--1986 to 1993. Camp Springs, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, 1995.

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Nicholson, Sharon E. Atlas of African rainfall and its interannual variability. Tallahasee, Fla: Florida State University, Department of Meteorology, 1988.

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4

La Viollette, Paul E., ed. Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the Western Mediterranean Sea. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce046.

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E, La Violette Paul, ed. Seasonal and interannual variability of the western Mediterranean Sea. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 1994.

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Chiodi, Andrew M. Characterizing the interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific: An OLR perspective. Seattle, WA: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 2008.

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V, Ramesh K. Time-mean oceanic response and interannual variability in a global ocean GCM simulation. Pune: Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, 2003.

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L, Stanford J., ed. Spectral analyses, climatology and interannual variability of Nimbus-7 TOMS version 6 total column ozone. Washington D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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1938-, Stanford John L., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch, eds. Spectral analyses, climatology, and interannual variability of Nimbus-7 TOMS version 6 total column ozone. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1995.

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C, Bridger Alison F., Haberle Robert M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Intraseasonal and interannual variability of Mars' present climate: A NASA Ames Research Center joint research interchange, final report : University Consortium Agreement: NCC2-5094, project duration: 25 August 1994-24 February 1996. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Variabilita interannuale"

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Harris, Graham P. "Interannual variability." In Phytoplankton Ecology, 291–327. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4081-9_12.

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Harris, Graham P. "Interannual variability." In Phytoplankton Ecology, 291–327. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3165-7_12.

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Steele, John H., and Eric W. Henderson. "The Significance of Interannual Variability." In Towards a Model of Ocean Biogeochemical Processes, 237–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84602-1_12.

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Martyn, I. A., Y. A. Petrov, S. Y. Stepanov, and A. Y. Sidorenko. "Interannual Variability of El Nino." In Springer Geology, 123–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76328-2_14.

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Liu, Weihang, Shuo Chen, Qingyang Mu, Tao Ye, and Peijun Shi. "Mapping Global Risk of Crop Yield Under Climate Change." In Atlas of Global Change Risk of Population and Economic Systems, 211–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6691-9_17.

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Tibaldi, Stefano. "Low-Frequency Variability and Blocking as Diagnostic Tools for Global Climate Models." In Prediction of Interannual Climate Variations, 173–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76960-3_9.

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Hastenrath, Stefan. "Interannual Variability of the Atmosphere-Ocean System." In Climate and circulation of the tropics, 253–329. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5388-8_8.

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Peña, Malaquias, L. Gwen Chen, and Huug van den Dool. "Intraseasonal to Interannual Climate Variability and Prediction." In Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting, 1–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40457-3_12-1.

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Hastenrath, Stefan. "Interannual Variability of the Atmosphere-Ocean System." In Climate Dynamics of the Tropics, 264–346. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3156-8_8.

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Macías, Jorge, David Stephenson, Laurent Terray, and Sophie Belamari. "Interannual variability simulated in the Tropical Pacific." In The Mathematics of Models for Climatology and Environment, 395–408. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60603-8_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Variabilita interannuale"

1

Kane*, R. P. "Interannual variability of some atmospheric temperatures." In 10th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 19-23 November 2007. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2007-382.

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P. Kane, R. "Interannual variability of some atmospheric temperatures." In 10th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.172.sbgf0370_07.

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Russell, Catherine A., Kenneth W. Fischer, Robert A. Shuchman, and Edward G. Josberger. "Greenland Sea Odden: intra- and interannual variability." In Satellite Remote Sensing III, edited by Giovanna Cecchi, Guido D'Urso, Edwin T. Engman, and Preben Gudmandsen. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.264274.

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Andreas Prokoph, Jan Franklin Adamowski, and Kaz Adamowski. "Patterns of Interannual Temperature Variability in Northwestern Canada." In 2012 Dallas, Texas, July 29 - August 1, 2012. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.42149.

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Cotton, David P., and David J. Carter. "Interannual variability in global wave climate from satellite data." In Satellite Remote Sensing, edited by Johnny A. Johannessen and Trevor H. Guymer. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.197283.

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FREDERIKSEN, CARSTEN S., and X. ZHENG. "COHERENT PATTERNS OF INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION: THE ROLE OF INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY." In Proceedings of the COSNet/CSIRO Workshop on Turbulence and Coherent Structures in Fluids, Plasmas and Nonlinear Media. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812771025_0004.

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Drinkwater, M. R., Xiang Liu, and D. Low. "Interannual variability in Weddell Sea ice from ERS Wind Scatterometer." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.703715.

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Graham, N. E. "Variability in the wave climate of the North Pacific: links to interannual and interdecadal variability." In Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178459.

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Zheng, Xiaoshen, and Hao Wei. "Seasonal and interannual variability of chlorophyll in the East China Sea." In 3rd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2010.5646213.

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Young, N. W., and G. Hyland. "Interannual variability of Antarctic snow melt events derived from scatterometer data." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.703806.

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Reports on the topic "Variabilita interannuale"

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Ryberg, David Severin, Janine Freeman, and Nate Blair. Quantifying Interannual Variability for Photovoltaic Systems in PVWatts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1226165.

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Raich, J. W. Interannual Variability in Global Soil Respiration on a 0.5 Degree Grid Cell Basis (1980-1994). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885610.

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Lai, Chung-Chieng A. Coupled ocean-atmosphere model system for studies of interannual-to-decadal climate variability over the North Pacific Basin and precipitation over the Southwestern United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/534525.

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Bigorre, Sebastien P., and Raymond Graham. The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS): NTAS-20 Mooring Turnaround Cruise Report Cruise On Board RV Pisces November 4-28, 2021 Newport, RI - Pascagoula, MS. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/29647.

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The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air–sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations are used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. The NTAS Ocean Reference Station (ORS NTAS) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program (formerly Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division). This report documents recovery of the NTAS-19 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-20 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 160 m of the mooring line were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, salinity and velocity. The mooring turnaround was done by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), onboard R/V Pisces, Cruise PC-21-07. The cruise took place from November 4 to 28, 2021. The NTAS-20 mooring was deployed on November 12, and the NTAS-19 mooring was recovered on November 13. Limited inter-comparison between ship and buoys were performed on this cruise. This report describes these operations and the pre-cruise buoy preparations. Other operations during PC-21-07 consisted of one CTD cast near the Meridional Overturning Variability Experiment (MOVE) subsurface mooring array MOVE 1-14. MOVE is designed to monitor the integrated deep meridional flow in the tropical North Atlantic.
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Leis, Sherry, and Lloyd Morrison. Plant community trends at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve: 1998–2018. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294512.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network monitors plant communities at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve and evaluates a variety of environmental variables that affect vegetation patterns, including climate and ecological disturbances such as fire and grazing. Here we report on 2002–2018 trends in management actions (fire and grazing) and key plant community indicators. Temperature has increased over the past 50 years in the region. Precipitation and a standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index included a high degree of interannual variability and did not demonstrate directional change. We documented a decline in disturbance intensity (i.e., less frequent prescribed fire and lower stocking rates) since 2006. A preserve goal is to maintain 30 to 60% of the area as bare ground (soil and rock) for ideal greater prairie-chicken habitat. Bare areas have been in decline and minimally meet the goal preserve wide. Bare areas vary by pasture and year, with bare areas exceeding the threshold in earlier years and Big Pasture and Red House Pasture falling short in some recent years. Although the preserve-scale mean minimally met the objective, there was a great deal of heterogeneity across monitoring sites. Litter cover and depth were greater than ecological recommendations for the greater prairie-chicken, especially in 2018. Litter depth demonstrated a great deal of variability and included deep litter. Woody plants were targeted to remain below 5% cover. Preserve- and pasture-scale cover means were well below this threshold but are increasing. Species richness on a per site basis (alpha diversity) and preserve-wide richness (gamma diversity) showed no apparent directional change when corrected for differences in sample size. Comparison of native species composition between 2002 and 2018 revealed a 36.9% difference in the Sørensen Index, although observer error accounted for almost 2/3 of this apparent change. The preserve continues to have characteristic tallgrass prairie species, and nonnative species continue to be low. Similar to targeted invasive plant monitoring, we found the target species Kentucky bluegrass to be below park thresholds. Continued evaluation of fire frequency and grazing intensity will be critical to achieving ecological goals including conserving the greater prairie-chicken. Development of a grazing plan may assist with prescribing stocking rates that are consistent with the preserve’s ecological and cultural objectives and could include alternative herbivores, such as goats or expansion of bison.
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Plueddemann, Albert, Benjamin Pietro, and Emerson Hasbrouck. The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS): NTAS-19 Mooring Turnaround Cruise Report Cruise On Board RV Ronald H. Brown October 14 - November 1, 2020. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27012.

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The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air–sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations will be used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. This report documents recovery of the NTAS-18 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-19 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 160 m of the mooring line were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, salinity and velocity. Deep ocean temperature and salinity are measured at approximately 38 m above the bottom. The mooring turnaround was done on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ship Ronald H. Brown, Cruise RB-20-06, by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The cruise took place between 14 October and 1 November 2020. The NTAS-19 mooring was deployed on 22 October, with an anchor position of about 14° 49.48° N, 51° 00.96° W in 4985 m of water. A 31-hour intercomparison period followed, during which satellite telemetry data from the NTAS-19 buoy and the ship’s meteorological sensors were monitored. The NTAS-18 buoy, which had gone adrift on 28 April 2020, was recovered on 20 October near 13° 41.96° N, 58° 38.67° W. This report describes these operations, as well as other work done on the cruise and some of the pre-cruise buoy preparations.
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