Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vapour pressure deficit'
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Wahid, Zabri Abdul. "The effect of low vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on growth of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267941.
Full textPrayag, Kervin D. "The effects of elevated [CO₂] and decreased vapour pressure deficit on the nutrient status of maize and wheat plants under well-watered conditions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32525.
Full textCarneiro, Rafaela Lorenzato. "Caracterização da capacidade fotossintética e da condutância estomática em árvores de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis e de Pinus taeda em Itatinga, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-10092013-170745/.
Full textThe campaigns were conducted in trees with five years old of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and Pinus taeda in control plots (no fertilization and no irrigation) and fertilized and irrigated plots during summer and winter of 2012 to characterize the physiological variables: i) maximum photosynthetic capacity (Amax), ii) Photosynthesis throughout the day (A); iii) Changes in stomatal conductance (gs) in relation to the increase in vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and iv) Maximum rates of carboxilization (Vcmax) and maximum rates of electron transport (Jmax) based on A/Ci curves. The study was conducted in the project Potential Productivity of Pinus in Brazil, located at the Experimental Station of ESALQ/USP in Itatinga-SP. Three average trees per plot were chosen for physiological evaluations, performed with the LiCor 6400XT. The Amax measurement was performed in the middle third of the crown, in two branches per tree and two positions per branch, taken from 8 to 10am. To get the response of A and gs with increasing VPD, the measurements continued every hour, from 11 am to 3 pm. At the end of the measurements, the needles were collected for determination of specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen (N). The A/Ci curves were performed in three trees, one branch per tree and two positions per branch were taken from 8 am to 12 pm. At five years, the Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis showed two-fold the wood volume of Pinus taeda. Both physiological measurements showed similar results between treatments for each species. Amax values were higher during summer, and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis shower greater sensitivity compared to Pinus taeda. A and gs throughout the day showed higher variation in Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis. The average values of Amax for summer and winter were 8.2, 4.8 ?mol m-2 s-1 and 6.75, 6.3 ?mol m-2 s-1 for Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and Pinus taeda, respectively. There was a reduction of A and gs with the increasing of DPV, for both campaigns for the Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and only in winter campaign for Pinus taeda. Thus, the two species have different behaviors in response to climatic changes. The two species showed a positive relationship between photosynthesis and transpiration, with Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis showing greater water use efficiency. The average SLA and needle nitrogen were 9.6 m² kg-1, 10.1g kg-1 and 10 m² kg-1, 13.4g kg-1 for Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and Pinus taeda, respectively. Photosynthetic parameters in Pinus taeda was higher in both campaigns, with average values of Vcmax and Jmax greater than in Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, related to higher concentration of needle nitrogen. There was no relationship between tree biomass growth and leaf-level measurements of photosynthesis, indicating that other processes at crown level, use and allocation of photosynthates should be investigated to explain the difference in growth.
Pilloni, Raphael. "AGRONOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE RESPONSE OF SORGHUM AND PEARL MILLET CROPS TO HIGHER SOWING DENSITY IN THE SEMI-ARID TROPICS. ASSESSEMNT OF THE OPPORTUNITY FOR SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION AND CONSEQUENCE FOR THE TRANSPIRATION RESPONSE TO EVAPORATIVE DEMAND OF THE CROPS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG051.
Full textIn the semi-arid tropics, sorghum and pearl millet or key source of income and calories. Sustainable intensification is therefore needed to ensure food security. These two cereals are largely grown in smallholder farming system and cultivated at low density, opening an avenue to increase yield through this agronomic management. Through field and lysimetric trials carried out in India and Senegal this work showed the possibility to increase significantly, the biomass and grain yield in both species, with the same irrigation regime and fertilization. We highlighted a lowering of the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in the canopies of high density, resulting in an increase in water use efficiency of the crops. While both crops responded positively to increased density, there were also large specie differences in the genotypic variation of the response to density, namely a strong genotype x density interaction in sorghum for biomass and WUE, but none in pearl millet. The genotypic variation in the degree of WUE response found in sorghum and its link with biomass accumulation led to investigate putative differences in the transpiration response of the crops to the evaporative demand. We tested this hypothesis outdoors with canopy-grown sorghum plants in field and lysimeter experiments. The response of the evapotranspiration was measured against the evaporative demand. This response was linear and, with WUE, showed large genetic variation. WUE was surprisingly higher in genotypes with the highest transpiration response to the evaporative demand (Penman-Monteith). These genotypes were also those that allowed maximum light penetration into the canopy. This work opens the door to intensification, in the short term by increasing sowing density in drylands using sorghum and pearl millet cultivars that show a strong response to density, and in the medium term by selecting sorghum cultivars adapted to high density
DePauli, Arianne. "Small Scale Vapor Pressure Deficit Changes Influence on Transpiration." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613834.
Full textAdelman, Jonathan D. "Using temporal patterns in vapor pressure deficit to explain spatial autocorrelation dynamics in tree transpiration." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313909961&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAffeld, Kathrin. "Spatial complexity and microclimatic responses of epiphyte communities and their invertebrate fauna in the canopy of northern rata (Metrosideros robusta A. Cunn.: Myrtaceae) on the West Coast of the South Island, New Zealand." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/771.
Full textRenda, da Costa Paula MR. "A Quantified Approach to Tomato Plant Growth Status for Greenhouse Production in a Semi Arid Climate." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194440.
Full textRaczka, B., S. C. Biraud, J. R. Ehleringer, C. T. Lai, J. B. Miller, D. E. Pataki, S. R. Saleska, et al. "Does vapor pressure deficit drive the seasonality of δ 13C of the net land-atmosphere CO2 exchange across the United States?" AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625792.
Full textSzejner, Paul, William E. Wright, Flurin Babst, Soumaya Belmecheri, Valerie Trouet, Steven W. Leavitt, James R. Ehleringer, and Russell K. Monson. "Latitudinal gradients in tree ring stable carbon and oxygen isotopes reveal differential climate influences of the North American Monsoon System." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621424.
Full textMarrichi, Ana Heloisa Carnaval. "Caracterização da capacidade fotossintética e da condutância estomática em sete clones comerciais de Eucalyptus e seus padrões de resposta ao déficit de pressão de vapor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-13042009-144513/.
Full textThis study aimed to characterize the physiological variables related to photosynthesis, in seven commercial Eucalyptus clones with high productivity, by evaluating maximum photosynthetic capacity (Amax), and the response of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) to Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD). A trial was installed in 2004, at ESALQ/USP, with the clones that were part of BEPP Project (Brazil Eucalyptus Potential Productivity), and each plot had 49 plants (7x7) in a 3 m x 2.7m spacing. We measured tree height or DBHs and three average trees were selected for measurements, at 16 and 36 months. The sample to estimate Amax was: two crown positions (2 and 3), two branches per tree and two leaves per branch. The measurements which were taken from 8 to 10 am (low VPD). To get the response of A and gs to VPD measurements continued hourly, from 11 am to 3 pm, on the leaves from the first branch and position 2. At the end of the measurements leaves were collected for specific leaf area (SLA) and nitrogen (N) determination. Additionally, at 16 months, A/Ci curves were established, and parameters Vcmax, Jmax and VTPU were estimated through the program Photosyn Assistant. The curves were done for 2 trees per clone, at superior crown positions (2 and 3) and inferior ones (4 and 5). The physiological measurements and A/Ci curves were made using LiCor-6400. The results showed that Amax was similar for positions 2 and 3. There was variation among clones, but not consistent between ages, and all the clones had high Amax at 16 months (between 26 and 31 µmol m-2s-1, with an average of 29 µmol m-2s-1), decreasing at 36 months (between 19 and 26 µmol m-2s-1, with an average of 22 µmol m-2s-1). SLA and N were also similar between positions 2 and 3 and higher at younger age (11,1 versus 8,3 m²kg-1, 29,6 versus 21,1 gN kg-1;), what may be associate with Amax decrease. A, gs and E also showed lower values at age 36, for all the clones (23 versus 18 µmol m-2s-1; 0,41 versus 0,26 mol m-2s-1; 9,2 versus 6,1 mmol m-2s-1). All clones showed sensitivity to VPD, reducing gs and A with increasing VPD. However, the clones showed different sensitivities and all of them were less sensitive to VPD at age 36, highlighting a selection potential of genetic materials for water stress. In general, higher photosynthesis values were associated with higher transpiration, showing the necessity to know the water conditions of sites when planting genetic materials with high productivity. Vcmax, Jmax and VTPU were greater for superior positions compared to inferior ones, and were not different among clones. Due to a similarity in SLA, N and physiological and biochemical traits between positions 2 and 3, no distinction on future photosynthesis measurements between these positions is needed. Finally, there was not a direct relation between stem growth and photosynthesis, at both ages, showing that photosynthesis at crown level by itself can not capture all the ecophysiological processes related to wood productivity, being necessary the integration with studies related to carbon allocation inside the plant.
Vu, Duy Hoang [Verfasser], and Folkard [Akademischer Betreuer] Asch. "Effects of temperature and vapor pressure deficit on genotypic responses to nitrogen nutrition and weed competition in lowland rice / Duy Hoang Vu ; Betreuer: Folkard Asch." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240761198/34.
Full textBatista, Karine Dias. "Variações diurnas da fotossíntese e efeitos do anelamento de ramos sobre a fotossíntese e o metabolismo do carbono em café arábica." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2008. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4292.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study was carried out in order to examine (i) the diurnal changes in photosynthesis rates under low atmospheric evaporative demand, and (ii) the relationship between the rate of net photosynthesis (A) and carbon (C) metabolism in experimentally-manipulated branches through girdling. Two experiments were separately conducted and so analyzed. In both experiments, plants of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) were grown in 12-L pots during approximately eight months. Then, gas exchanges (measured using an infrared gas analyzer), the rate of uptake of 14CO2 and the partitioning of the recently fixed 14C through the major photosynthetic routes were analyzed; leaf material was also harvested for biochemical assays. In Experiment I, plants were grown in a greenhouse under semi-controlled conditions (diurnal values of vapor pressure deficit, VPD, ranging from 1.0 to 1.6 kPa). There was a decrease (20%) in A paralleling a reduction (35%) in stomatal conductance (gs) at 16:00 h as compared with the values of these traits obtained at 08:00 and 12:00 h. The narrow diurnal fluctuations in A were apparently coupled with the maintenance of low VPD throughout the day. Simple and canonical correlations evidenced a lack of feedback inhibition to photosynthesis, a fact further supported by the (i) lack of diurnal changes in carbohydrate and amino acid levels and (ii) unchanging rate of 14CO2 uptake and the partitioning of the recently fixed 14C during the day. In addition, the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and the initial and total activities of Rubisco (as well as its activation state) did not change during the day. In fact, diurnal variations in A were largely explained by diffusive limitations. In Experiment II, gas exchange was measured at 08:00 h during 11 days in girdled and non-girdled (control) branches. There was a remarkable decrease in A and especially in gs. In girdled branches, starch levels increased by 271% and 203%, respectively at the 4th and 10th days after applying the treatments. The hexose-to-amino acid ratio increased in girdled branches at the 10th day of girdling, but the concentrations of other soluble sugars and amino acids did no change in response to the treatments, as also did the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and the initial and total activities of Rubisco. Moreover, the potential photosynthetic capacity also remained unchanged after girdling, suggesting that changes in A were marginally affected, if so, by biochemical constraints to the photosynthetic machinery. As in Experiment I, changes in A were largely explained by diffusive limitations. In summary, it is proposed that diurnal oscillations in A during the day, as well as between leaves from girdled and non-girdled branches were merely a consequence from diffusive, rather than from biochemical, limitations to photosynthesis.
O presente estudo foi conduzido procurando-se analisar (i) as variações diurnas da fotossíntese numa condição de baixa demanda evaporativa e (ii) as relações entre A e o metabolismo do carbono em ramos experimentalmente manipulados, via anelamento. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos isoladamente e analisados como tal. Em ambos, plantas de café arábica (Coffea arabica L.) foram cultivadas em vasos de doze litros, por aproximadamente oito meses, quando, então, foram avaliadas as trocas gasosas (usando-se de um analisador de gases a infravermelho), a taxa de fixação de 14CO2 e a partição de [14C]-assimilados entre as principais rotas biossintéticas associadas à fotossíntese; adicionalmente, foi coletado material foliar para análises bioquímicas posteriores. No primeiro experimento, as plantas foram cultivadas em uma casa de vegetação sob condições semi-controladas, com valores diurnos do déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV) variando de 1,0 a 1,6 kPa. Houve uma redução (20%) da taxa de fotossíntese líquida (A) em paralelo a um decréscimo (35%) na condutância estomática (gs), às 16:00 h, em comparação com os valores dessas variáveis obtidos às 08:00 e 12:00 h. As pequenas flutuações diurnas de A parecem ter sido resultantes da manutenção artificial do DPV em níveis relativamente baixos. As correlações simples e canônicas sugeriram que não houve retroinibição da fotossíntese, fato suportado pela ausência de variações diurnas nas concentrações de carboidratos e aminoácidos e pela constância da taxa de absorção de 14CO2 e da partição de [14C]-assimilados, ao longo do dia. Em adição, não se observou aumento na atividade da AGPase, tampouco decréscimo nas atividades inicial e total e no estado de ativação da Rubisco ao final da tarde. Com efeito, as variações diurnas em A foram largamente explicáveis por limitações difusivas à fotossíntese. No segundo experimento, as trocas gasosas foram analisadas ao longo de onze dias após o anelamento dos ramos, às 08:00 h, observando-se um acentuado decréscimo em A e, principalmente, em gs. Nos ramos anelados, os teores de amido aumentaram 271% e 203%, respectivamente, no quarto e no décimo dias após o anelamento, enquanto a razão hexoses:aminoácidos aumentou no décimo dia após a implantação dos tratamentos, em relação aos ramos-controle. Os teores dos demais carboidratos e dos aminoácidos mantiveram-se inalterados. As atividades inicial e total e o estado de ativação da Rubisco, bem como a atividade da AGPase, não foram alteradas com o anelamento. Adicionalmente, a capacidade fotossintética potencial não variou, em resposta ao anelamento, provendo, por conseguinte, forte evidência de que as variações em A foram pouco afetadas por limitações bioquímicas à maquinaria fotossintética. Os decréscimos em A foram explicados principalmente por alterações em gs e não por alterações no metabolismo do carbono, conforme sugere a análise de correlações canônicas. Conclui-se, pois, que as variações nas trocas gasosas ao longo do dia, bem como as variações entre folhas de ramos anelados e não anelados, em café, foram decorrentes meramente de limitações difusivas, e não de possíveis alterações no metabolismo do carbono.
Filho, Celso Luís de Oliveira. "Prognóstico das variáveis meteorológicas e da evapotranspiração de referência com o modelo de previsão do tempo GFS/NCEP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-21082007-111326/.
Full textThe performance of a numeric weather forecast model (GFS- Forecast System, former AVN - AvatioN model, National Center for Environmental Prediction-NCEP) was evaluated for predicting weather variables, like air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, net radiation and wind speed, as well as reference evapotranspiration calculated by Thornthwaite (1948) and Penman-Monteith (Allen et al., 1948) methods, by the comparison with data obtained by an automatic weather station, in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Temperature and vapor pressure deficit were the variables predicted with the best accuracy, with a "very good" and "good" performance, according to the index of confidence proposed by Camargo and Sentelhas (1997), for the maximum of four and three days in advance, respectively, during the dry season. For the wet season, only vapor pressure deficit was predicted with a "good" performance of the model. The predictions of net radiation and wind speed were very poor for both seasons. As the weather forecast model predicted temperature well, ETo estimated by Thornthwaite method showed a good agreement with ETo values estimated by observed data from the weather station, with till three days in advance for the dry season. For the wet season, such agreement was observed just for one day in advance. When ETo estimated by Penman-Monteith method with data from the weather forecast model and from weather station were compared any agreement was observed, which was caused by the poor performance of the numeric weather forecast model to predict net radiation and wind speed.
Liu, Haitao [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Schnyder, and Thorsten [Gutachter] Grams. "Effects of vapor pressure deficit, nitrogen fertilizer and leaf turnover on the oxygen isotope composition of cellulose in leaves of a perennial C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa) / Haitao Liu ; Gutachter: Thorsten Grams, Johannes Schnyder ; Betreuer: Johannes Schnyder." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1128819406/34.
Full textBryant, Kelsey N. "Determining and Comparing Hydraulic Behavior among Trees with Differing Wood Types in a Temperate Deciduous Forest." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1617026904705736.
Full textTheerasutthikul, Potjanee. "Investigating the main and interactive effects of vapour pressure deficit, soil water deficit, warmer temperatures and elevated CO2 on cotton growth and physiology." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:56616.
Full textMatimati, Ignatious. "The relevance of fog and dew precipitation to succulent plant hydrology in an arid South African ecosystem." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3354.
Full textFog and dew interception and utilization by plant canopies remains one of the least considered aspects of vegetation studies at any scale yet the few studies that have been conducted point to their considerable influence on ecological processes and a critical role in modulating climate in southern African arid ecosystems. Their relevance to succulent plant hydrology was investigated in this study.The first study measured stable 18O and 2H isotope ratios in samples of rain, fog and dew water and compared these with those assayed monthly in stem xylem water of six succulent shrub species over a one year period. Negative 18O and 2H ratios were observed in the stem xylem water of all six species signifying a predominance of water derived from fog and dew precipitation which was most conspicuous during the wet winter. This implied that fog and dew are even more important sources of water than rain and corroborated by significant correspondence found between fog and dew frequencies, succulent foliar water contents and quantum yields of photochemistry.The second study monitored variations in stem diameter at 2-hourly intervals in 8 succulent shrub species of diverse growth form over a 9-month period. Two groups of species were distinguished based on whether their daily amplitudes in stem diameter were consistently positively correlated with daily fluxes in vapour pressure deficit, which were indicative of a persistent CAM photosynthetic mode, or intermittently correlated with daily fluxes in vapour pressure deficit, which were indicative of mixed CAM and C3 photosynthetic modes. Among species displaying a persistent CAM photosynthetic mode, high nocturnal fog and dew precipitation amounts corresponded with low daily amplitudes in stem diameter, and vice versa, which pointed to reduced nocturnal stomatal water loss. These patterns, which were indistinct among species displaying mixed CAM and C3 photosynthetic modes, were corroborated by small daily amplitudes in stem diameter also consistently observed in one species displaying a CAM photosynthetic mode in ambient than artificially fog and dew excluded environments.The third study monitored changes in water mass at hourly intervals of quartz gravel substrates with different dwarf succulent species assemblages over an 8-month period.Consistently greater net amounts of water were intercepted daily by quartz gravel substrates containing Agyroderma pearsonii than Cephalophylum spissum plants as well as those without plants. These attributed to a high water repellence of A. pearsonii leaves and less radiation absorbed by the paler silvery to grey-green leaves of A. pearsonii leaves than the dark green leaves of C. spissum resulting in lower leaf temperatures and less water loss by transpiration. Quartz gravel soils devoid of plants intercepted nearly 5-times greater amounts of precipitation contributed by fog and dew than that contributed by rain. These precipitation amounts exceeding the high percentages of total hydrological input contributed by fog and dew reported in other ecosystems.The study concludes that fog and dew are a vital source of water for succulent shrubs in arid South African ecosystems and imply that diminished fog and dew frequencies associated with elevated night time temperatures accompanying global warming could exacerbate plant drought stress.
Waite, Pierre-André. "Variability of wood and leaf functional traits in response to structural and environmental changes in natural and transformed systems in Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-14F8-D.
Full textBower, Katherine E. "Relationship between transpiration and nitrogen uptake by pepper (Capsicum annuum) as mediated by vapor pressure deficit." 2008. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/bower%5Fkatherine%5Fe%5F200812%5Fms.
Full textYi-Lun, Sung, and 宋易倫. "Assessment on the Optimal Applicability of Vapor-Pressure-Deficit Calculation Methods in the Penman-Monteith Equation for Estimating Evapotranspiration." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28577447103189058709.
Full text中原大學
土木工程研究所
95
Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a significant index for the capacity of evaporation, and also plays an important parameter in estimating evapotranspiration, particularly in the combination or Penman-Monteith type equations. Due to the difference on the environmental climate characteristic, climate variables selected, number of records sampled, averaging means and compoundable ways, there are 3 types 26 VPD calculation methods which were widespreadly used for estimating evapotranspiration around the world. Those methods for VPD calculation were analyzed and compared using 2002-2003 data from meteorological stations to determine the most appropriate method that can be applied in Taiwan. Frequency Approach (FA) and Statistical Index Approach (SIA) were used to evaluate and compare the results and applicability among these methods in Taiwan. Error, range, frequency, and weighted index (WI) were used in FA. Three objective statistical indexes, root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of correlation (R2), and coefficient of efficiency (CE), were used in SIA. For the FA, the results indicated that the VPD calculation using mean of 24 hourly temperature values as saturation vapor pressure, and wet-bulb depression as actual vapor pressure yielded the lowest error, the least range, and the most frequency with the highest WI. These outcomes were as well as the SIA with the lowest RMSE, R2 higher than 0.99 and the highest CE. The performance of this VPD method was proved better than all other VPD methods. The findings were not only consistent with attempts at FA and SIA in this paper, but also belonged to a hybrid type VPD method. Accordingly, this VPD method was recommended to apply in Taiwan. However, the other VPD calculation methods in literature were not recommended to be used in Taiwan.