Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vapor Sintering

Academic literature on the topic 'Vapor Sintering'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Vapor Sintering"

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Laird, Katie, Elena Kurzbach, Jodie Score, Jyoti Tejpal, George Chi Tangyie, and Carol Phillips. "Reduction of Legionella spp. in Water and in Soil by a Citrus Plant Extract Vapor." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 19 (July 25, 2014): 6031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01275-14.

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ABSTRACTLegionnaires' disease is a severe form of pneumonia caused byLegionellaspp., organisms often isolated from environmental sources, including soil and water.Legionellaspp. are capable of replicating intracellularly within free-living protozoa, and once this has occurred,Legionellais particularly resistant to disinfectants. Citrus essential oil (EO) vapors are effective antimicrobials against a range of microorganisms, with reductions of 5 log cells ml−1on a variety of surfaces. The aim of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of a citrus EO vapor againstLegionellaspp. in water and in soil systems. Reductions of viable cells ofLegionella pneumophila,Legionella longbeachae,Legionella bozemanii, and an intra-amoebal culture ofLegionella pneumophila(water system only) were assessed in soil and in water after exposure to a citrus EO vapor at concentrations ranging from 3.75 mg/liter air to 15g/liter air. Antimicrobial efficacy via different delivery systems (passive and active sintering of the vapor) was determined in water, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the antimicrobial components (linalool, citral, and β-pinene) was conducted. There was up to a 5-log cells ml−1reduction inLegionellaspp. in soil after exposure to the citrus EO vapors (15 mg/liter air). The most susceptible strain in water wasL. pneumophila, with a 4-log cells ml−1reduction after 24 h via sintering (15 g/liter air). Sintering the vapor through water increased the presence of the antimicrobial components, with a 61% increase of linalool. Therefore, the appropriate method of delivery of an antimicrobial citrus EO vapor may go some way in controllingLegionellaspp. from environmental sources.
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Lee, Sea-Hoon, Georg Rixecker, Fritz Aldinger, Sung-Churl Choi, and Keun-Ho Auh. "Effects of powder bed conditions on the liquid-phase sintering of Si3N4." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 2 (February 2002): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0065.

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The effects of the active and passive protection mechanisms of powder beds on the sintering of Si3N4 were investigated. Shrinkage, density, and coloring behavior of sintered samples were analyzed using different compositions and packing conditions of powder beds based on BN and Si3N4 with different additives. Y2O3 additive in the powder bed influences the weight change and phase formation behavior of the samples, although it has a very low vapor pressure at the sintering temperature. When MgO/Y2O3 was used as sintering additives, the packing density and thickness of the powder bed had a much stronger effect than in the case of Al2O3/Y2O3. For the optimization of the powder bed conditions, the vapor pressure and chemical stability of sintering additives at the sintering temperature has to be considered.
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Tsai, Jung Ting, Cheng Yu Han, and Shung Tian Lin. "The Study of Contamination and Coarsening in Sintering Silicon Powder." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1197.

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The goal of this study was to investigate the sintering mechanism of Si powder, with the particle size of Si, sintering temperature, and sintering environment as the variables. The use of a crucible, by controlling the vapor atmosphere at certain temperatures, coarsened the silicon powder. Experiment of data show that by avoiding the vapor pressure of crucible a sintering at 1380°C causes the silicon powder easily to sinter to high density, without the use of any doping addition. Therefore it is to our advantage to discover the microstructure phenomenon of silicon powder and reveal its nature. The crystalline structure of the heat-treated samples was studied with Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explain the resultant of contamination that causes the densification.
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Schlosser, Margarete, and Hans-Joachim Kleebe. "Vapor Transport Sintering of Porous Calcium Phosphate Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 95, no. 5 (March 5, 2012): 1581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05121.x.

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Wu, Cyuan-Jhang, Shao-Liang Cheng, Yu-Jane Sheng, and Heng-Kwong Tsao. "Reduction-assisted sintering of micron-sized copper powders at low temperature by ethanol vapor." RSC Advances 5, no. 66 (2015): 53275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra08167j.

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Watari, Koji, Hae J. Hwang, Motohiro Toriyama, and Shuzo Kanzaki. "Effective Sintering Aids for Low-temperature Sintering of AlN Ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 4 (April 1999): 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0191.

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A disappearing sintering aid was used to promote densification during the initial and middle stages of sintering and to be removed in gaseous form from the specimens during the final stage of sintering. From thermodynamic consideration such as assessment of Gibbs free energy change of formation of Al2O3 compounds including metal-oxide and evaluation of the vapor pressure of metal-oxide, Li2O is expected to become a disappearing sintering aid for AlN sintering. Doping with Li2O resulted in densification of AlN ceramics with Y2O3 and CaO additives by sintering at a firing temperature of 1600 °C. The amount of Li2O in the specimens decreased by volatilization at temperatures higher than 1300 °C, and its amount was at a level of several ppm after firing at 1600 °C for 6 h. Low-temperature densification of AlN specimens by addition of Li2O also caused the improvement of thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of sintered specimens. Present results indicate that a Li2O addition is effective for AlN sintering. Furthermore, LiYO2 was also used as a new sintering aid instead of Li2O and Y2O3, and the results of thermal conductivity and mechanical strength are shown.
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Barbier, Tristan, Oleg I. Lebedev, Vladimir Roddatis, Yohann Bréard, Antoine Maignan, and Emmanuel Guilmeau. "Silver intercalation in SPS dense TiS2: staging and thermoelectric properties." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 17 (2015): 7887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00551e.

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Jang, Jin Man, and Won Sik Lee. "Effects of Metal Matrix Composition on the Pre-Sintering Process of Cu-Based Metallic Friction Materials." Materials Science Forum 1066 (July 13, 2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-52h23d.

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This study investigates the effect of the metal matrix composition of the friction material on the pre-sintering process through a simulation experiment on the Sprinkle sintering process. No segregation in the pre-sintered microstructure of the free-deposited friction material powder and no cracks are observed at the interface with the steel plate. In the case of a brass composition containing Zn and trace elements having relatively high vapor pressure, expansion occurs due to the volatilization of the composition elements during pre-sintering. On the contrary, in the case of bronze-based powder, the effect is insignificant. Therefore, when the friction material is manufactured using the sprinkle sintering method, the matrix composition must be selected in consideration of the volatilization effect of the metal matrix element.
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Srdić, Vladimir V., Markus Winterer, and Horst Hahn. "Sintering Behavior of Nanocrystalline Zirconia Prepared by Chemical Vapor Synthesis." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83, no. 4 (December 21, 2004): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01266.x.

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Prieto Valdes, J. J., A. Victorero Rodriguez, and J. Guevara Carrio. "Dielectric properties and structure of hydroxyapatite ceramics sintered by different conditions." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 9 (September 1995): 2174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.2174.

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Several conditions for hydroxyapatite ceramic preparation were used: sintering at 1150 °C in air or under H2O vapor flow, quenched in water at room temperature after sintering, or slow cooling inside the furnace. Depending on specific combinations of these preparation conditions, in the resulting ceramics significant differences are observed in the phase composition and dielectric properties, ranging from capacitive to a semiconducting response. Comparison between the experimental x-ray diffraction patterns and those calculated by the Rietveld method show that during sintering in air, approximately 40% of hydroxyapatite is transformed to tricalcium phosphate. The XRD analysis shows that this transformation could be possible using the following process: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 = 2Ca3(PO4)2 + Ca2P2O7 + 2CaO + H2O.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vapor Sintering"

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Hoxsie, Erin. "Ash Sintering in the Presence of a CO2-H2O Vapor." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23715.

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We carried out rhyolite ash sintering experiments in the presence of a mixed CO2-H2O vapor using both fine and coarse ash. Fine ash is barely sintered after 7 minutes and fully densified after about 30 minutes. Coarse ash is barely sintered after 45 minutes and fully densified after a few hours. Vesicle relaxation from initially angular shapes to spherical shapes takes longer than estimated from scaling relations. The experimental sintering and vesicle relaxation timescales substantiate the hypothesis that natural obsidian pyroclasts from Mono Craters, California (USA) form by ash sintering. Two observations are interpreted as the most direct evidence yet that CO2 flushing from a deeper magmatic was involved in the eruption: (1) the preservation of sharp-tipped vesicles in domains of clasts that have high dissolved CO2 concentrations, and (2) the anticorrelation between H2O and CO2 observed in multiple clasts. This thesis includes previously unpublished co-authored material.
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Parker, Stephen Christy. "Particle nucleation, growth, and sintering of metallic films on oxide substrates /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9788.

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Schlosser, Margarete [Verfasser], Hans-Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Kleebe, and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Schüth. "Vapor transport sintering of calcium phosphate ceramics / Margarete Schlosser. Betreuer: Hans-Joachim Kleebe ; Christoph Schüth." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1106453352/34.

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Peng, Fang. "Controlling Radial Compositional Gradient in Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile/Silver Composite Fibers Using Chemical Solvent Vapor Treatment and Sintering Techique." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1398363203.

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Johansson, Ingrid. "Post-processing for roughness reduction of additive manufactured polyamide 12 using a fully automated chemical vapor technique - The effect on micro and macrolevel." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279316.

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Additive manufacturing has increased in popularity in recent years partly due to the possibilities of producing complex geometries in a rapid manner. Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a type of additive manufacturing technique that utilizes polymer powder and a layer-by-layer technique to build up the desired geometry. The main drawbacks with this technique are related to the reproducibility, mechanical performance and the poor surface finish of printed parts. Surface roughness increase the risk of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, which is unbeneficial for parts to be used in the healthcare industry. This thesis investigated the possibility in reducing the surface roughness of SLS printed polyamide 12 with the fully automated post-processing technology PostPro3D. The postprocessing relies on chemical post-processing for smoothening of the parts’ surface. PostPro3D utilizes vaporized solvent which condenses on the printed parts causing the surface to reflow. By this roughness, in terms of unmolten particles, is dissolved and surface pores are sealed. The influence of alternating post-processing parameters; pressure, temperature, time and solvent volume was evaluated with a Design of Experiments (DoE). The roughness reduction was quantified with monitoring the arithmetic mean average roughness (Ra), the ten-point height roughness (Rz) and the average waviness (Wa) using a stylus profilometer and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The effect of post-processing on mechanical properties was evaluated with tensile testing and the effect on microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A comparison was made between post-processed samples and a non-postprocessed reference, as well as between samples post-processed with different degree of aggressivity, with regards to the roughness values, mechanical properties and the microstructure. Results indicated that solvent volume and time had the largest effect in reducing the roughness parameters Ra and Rz, while time had the largest influence in increasing the elongation at break, tensile strength at break and toughness. The post-processing’s effect on waviness and Young’s modulus was less evident. SEM established that complete dissolution of powder particles was not achieved for the tested parameter ranges, but a clear improvement of the surface was observed for all different post-processing conditions, as compared to a non-post-processed specimen. The reduction in roughness by increased solvent volume and time was thought to be due to increased condensation of solvent droplets on the SLS-parts. The increase in mechanical properties was likely related to elimination of crack initiation points at the surface. In general, the mechanical properties experienced a wide spread in the results, this was concluded to be related to differences in intrinsic properties of the printed parts, and highlighted the problems with reproducibility related to the SLS. An optimal roughness of Ra less than 1 µm was not obtained for the tested post-processing conditions, and further parameter optimization is required.
Möjligheten att tillverka komplexa geometrier på ett snabbt sätt, har fått additiv tillverkning att öka i popularitet. Selective laser sintering (SLS) är en typ av additiv tillverkning där polymer pulver sintras samman succesivt lager för lager. Dessa lager bygger tillsammans upp den önskade geometrin. De största nackdelarna med SLS är att de tillverkade delarna har bristande mekaniska egenskaper, har brister i reproducerbarheten samt att ytan har en dålig kvalitet, den är ojämn. Ytojämnheten ökar risken för att bakterier fastnar och ett en biofilm bildas. Då produkten ska användas inom sjukvården, är det viktigt att biofilm bildning undviks. Den här uppsatsen har undersökt möjligheterna att reducera ytojämnheten av SLS-printad polyamid 12 med hjälp av kemisk efterbehandling i PostPro3D. Denna maskin är helt automatisk och åstadkommer ytbehandling genom att förånga lösningsmedel som sedan kondenserar på det SLS-printade materialet. Ytan på materialet löses upp vilket minskar ytojämnheter i form av pulver partiklar samt sluter porer på ytan. Genom att ändra på parametrarna för efterbehandlingen kan graden av aggressivitet påverkas, detta gäller tryck, temperatur, tid och lösningsmedels volym. De optimala parametrarna för att åstadkomma en jämn yta utvärderades med en Design of Experiments (DoE). Reducering av ytojämnhet mättes med hjälp av aritmetisk genomsnittlig ojämnhet (Ra), tio-punkts höjd ojämnhet (Rz) och medel-vågighet (Wa), med nålprofilometer och konfokal mikroskop. Efterbehandlingens påverkan på de mekaniska egenskaperna utvärderades i ett dragprov, medan mikrostrukturen undersöktes med svepelektronmikroskop (SEM). Ytjämnheten, de mekaniska egenskaperna och mikrostrukturen jämfördes mellan icke behandlade prover och ytbehandlade prover, med varierad grad av aggressivitet. Resultaten indikerade att tid och volym hade störst effekt på Ra och Rz, medan tid hade störst positiv inverkan på töjning, styrka och seghet. Effekten på styvheten (E-modulen) och vågigheten (Wa) var mindre uppenbar, och någon tydlig påverkan kunde inte observeras. SEM-analys visade att fullständig upplösning av partiklar på ytan inte sker för de testade behandlingarna, men en tydlig förbättring kunde ses vid jämförelse av ett obehandlat prov och ett behandlat prov. Den ökade ytjämnheten för längre tid och högre volym tros bero på en ökad kondensering av lösningsmedel på ytan under efterbehandlingen. Ökningen i mekaniska egenskaperna är troligtvis relaterade till eliminering av kritiska defekter på ytan. Generellt visade de mekaniska egenskaper en stor spridning i resultaten, detta tros bero på inneboende egenskaper i provstavarna. Denna slutsats understryker den bristande reproducerbarheten för SLS-printning. En optimal ytjämnhet antas vara ett Ra värde under 1 µm, denna ytjämnhet har inte uppnåtts med de testade efterbehandlingsparameter värdena, därför krävs ytterligare parameter optimering för att nå optimal efterbehandling.
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Schlosser, Margarete. "Vapor transport sintering of calcium phosphate ceramics." Phd thesis, 2012. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/3244/1/Dissertation_Schlosser_2012.pdf.

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In modern plastic and reconstructive surgery the application of biocompatible materials with adequate mechanical and chemical properties has become indispensable. For the treatment of skeletal defects, hydroxyapatite (HA) is well-established as a bone graft material. As its chemical composition is very similar to the mineralized part of human bone, this material offers excellent biocompatibility and direct mechanical bonding to the host tissue. The healing process can be further enhanced by mixing HA with the more soluble tricalcium phosphate (TCP) to adjust the implant’s resorption rate to that of new tissue formation. Moreover, to stimulate bone ingrowth, it is crucial to produce ceramic scaffolds with interconnected porosity and pore diameters of 100-500 µm. Various processing methods have been proposed for the fabrication of such scaffolds. However, due to both technical and economic considerations, few of them have been scaled up for industrial production. Our motivation was to explore vapor transport sintering (VTS) as a novel and potentially cost-effective process for the near-net shape manufacturing of custom-made implants. Starting from synthetic powder precursors, the microstructure development of HA and TCP ceramics, as well as biphasic mixtures thereof, was studied for systems with both halide acids and solid chloride agents. Chemical and phase analysis were performed to monitor potential substitutional reactions and phase conversions upon processing. Analyses were carried out with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with integrated energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Furthermore, for gathering a theoretical understanding of the vapor transport process, thermodynamic calculations were carried out for various systems. Among the foremost aims of the investigation was the identification of suitable halide reagents to enhance material transport through the vapor phase, as well as the validation whether large enough pore diameters could be generated by this processing method. As it turned out, pore coarsening stagnates after reaching diameters of about 5 µm. Thus, the combination of VTS with other processing techniques is necessary to create adequate macroporosity. The promising results obtained for sintering in AgCl atmosphere, suggested the combination of macroporous precursors with vapor transport sintering as a potential technique to create a novel composite material. For this purpose, coral skeletons and sea urchin spines were hydrothermally converted into calcium phosphate scaffolds. Subsequent AgCl-sintering not only stimulated enhanced material transport through the vapor phase, but also caused the condensation of fine Ag-bearing particles throughout the ceramic scaffold. The resulting surface modification lends antibacterial properties to the composite material which are expected to decrease post-surgical inflammation risks.
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Ke, Deng-Ji, and 柯登基. "A Study on Wick Structure in Vapor Chamber Prepared by Laser Sintering Technology." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ky5j37.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
製造科技研究所
106
Nowadays, electronic products were mainly focus on the minimized size and thickness, but its performance was gradually improved with the development of technology. However, this phenomenon will cause the heat to be concentrated at one point on the product. Therefore, the design of thermal management in electronic products will face more severe challenge. Heat pipes and Vapor chamber were used as heat dissipating component in most electronic products. The components were based on the theory of changed thermal conductivity from two-phase, it was a combination of a stainless steel vacuum chamber and wick structure embedding, then fill up with appropriate amount of working fluid before seal the chamber. 　　In this study, the height of vapor space was 0.25 mm, and the thickness of vapor chamber was 0.45 mm. The wick structure based on copper metal powder and Ti6Al4V alloy powder was prepared by selective laser sintering technology. The vapor chamber will fill up deionized water as working fluid, and be sealed by laser welding. The copper mesh in vapor chamber will compare with vapor chamber of this study. In the thermal performance, it was found that the Ti64-SS and Cu-SS had ∆T of 18.1°C and 21.3 °C at 90 seconds from the start of the test, which was 19.6% and 5.3% less than the stainless steel plate, and it had the stable ∆T was 22.5°C in the end of the test. The thermal resistance test uses 3, 5, and 7W as the heat source power. The Cu-SS had the lowest thermal resistance of 11.75°C/W at 5W, and the Ti64-SS had the lowest thermal resistance of 10.79°C/W at 7W. They were better than the stainless steel plate, and thermal resistance were lower 6% and 14.3% than the stainless steel plate. This result shows that the ultra-thin vapor chamber produced by the laser sintering process of this study had a good thermal performance.
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Sivaprahasam, D. "Studies On Synthesizing Fe And Fe-Cu Nanopowders By Levitational Gas Condensation Process And Their Consolidation Characteristics." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/2438.

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There exist large number of techniques for the preparation of nanostructured materials. Among them the preparation of nanopowders by gas/vapour condensation is a popular one. Because of very high level of surface to volume ratio, powders of metals which may or may not be reactive in the bulk form undergo vigorous oxidation. Oxidation once initiated continues in an auto catalytic fashion leading to a rise in temperature further increasing the oxidation rate. Therefore, the nanopowders are consolidated in situ under high vacuum. Alternatively a thin passivating oxide layer of few nm can be produced by slow exposure to air. Such powders lend themselves to be handled in further processing in ambient atmosphere. The main objective of the present research is to understand the various scientific and technological issues involved in preparing such passivated nanopowders by levitational gas condensation (LGC) technique, a relatively less explored vapour condensation process and their subsequent consolidation by the powder metallurgical route of compaction and sintering. The nanopowders systems studied are Fe and Fe-Cu (4 wt. %Cu). In chapter 1 a brief review of the gas condensation process and the consolidation behavior of nanopowders produced by this method were carried out. Existing knowledge on various topics relevant for the present study like formation of nanoparticles, agglomeration during gas condensation, physical, structural and chemical nature of the passive layer formed during passivation, compaction and sintering behaviour of this passivated nanopowders were discussed. Chapter 2 details the synthesis of Fe nanopowders by levitational gas condensation process and its physical and structural characteristics. The nanopowders in the as synthesized condition showed extremely low packing density due to loosely packed weakly interlocked agglomerates. The nanoparticles manifest as three dimensional reticulated spongy structure composed of chains of these nanoparticles. Heat transfer calculation carried out to determine the particle temperature at different distance from the levitating drop indicates that the nanoparticles can be ferromagnetic at a distance of less than 2 mm away from the levitation drop and hence the magnetic nature of the materials plays an important role in the formation of nanoparticle chains and spongy agglomerates. Passivation of the nanopowders by slow exposure to air produces 3-4 nm thick oxide layer (Fe3O4) over α-Fe and the volume of these oxides was around 45%. The 3rd chapter presents and discusses the results of Fe-Cu alloy nanopowder synthesized by levitating gas condensation process. While synthesis of elemental nanopowders by gas condensation is straight forward as the operating conditions only influence the particle size, alloys require careful control of the levitating drop composition. Although initially we start the process with levitated drop of required composition, the vapour generated will be richer in more volatile element (Cu in our case). Thus the composition of the levitated drop progressively becomes deficient in Cu which in turn reduces Cu in the vapour. Composition of the drop can be stabilised by continuous feeding of the alloy of required composition that can be estimated from the knowledge of equilibrium relation. To establish the equilibrium relationship between composition of the liquid and vapour in evaporation and condensation, phase diagram in the liquid and vapour region was calculated and was validated by determining composition of the drops. Good agreement between the drop composition and the composition predicted by the phase diagram were observed. Various physical, chemical and structural properties of the Fe-Cu nanopowders are characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetry (TG) analysis. The overall chemical composition of the Fe-Cu alloy nanopowders and of the individual agglomerates is same as the composition of feed materials used. However, Cu was found to segregate to the surface of the nanopowders which is attributed to minimization of surface energy with Cu at the surface. The total weight loss observed in TG in flowing hydrogen indicates that the surface passive layer of Fe-Cu appears to be very thin compared to Fe. The consolidation behaviour of both Fe and Fe-Cu nanopowders was studied by both conventional and spark plasma sintering (SPS) and are discussed in chapter 4. The as collected nanopowders from the apparatus have extremely low apparent density. The powders were further subjected to soft milling in a ball mill under ethanol to disentangle the agglomerates there by improving the pack density. A tenfold improvement was achieved thus making it suitable for consolidation. Uniaxial compaction of these powders for conventional sintering at pressure below 200 MPa yielded compacts free from defects. However, at higher pressure the compacts cracks and delaminates during ejection stage. Analysis of the compaction curves helped us to understand various processes involved during compaction as well as providing explanation for lower green density of Fe-Cu powder compared to Fe. Conventional sintering of the nanopowders compacts were carried out in the flowing hydrogen atmosphere in a laboratory vacuum furnace over wide range of temperatures. Instrumented sintering experiments were also carried out in a dilatometer under hydrogen atmosphere to evaluate shrinkage rate at different temperatures. SPS were carried out under 10 Pa vacuum at a compaction pressure of 250 MPa in WC-Co die cavity. The stability, density and residual oxygen content of the sintered compacts were quantified. Detailed microstuctural analysis of the sintered samples were also carried out using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy and quantitative composition analysis by EDS. Conventionally sintered compacts of both the powders showed stability only when sintered at 700°C and beyond. The maximum shrinkage/densification occured around 450°C for both the powders and the densification rate observed in Fe-Cu is three times higher than Fe. This enhanced densification in Fe-Cu is attributed to an enhanced diffusivity of Fe atoms in the transient liquid Cu layer formed at the interfaces. The microstructure of Fe-Cu is completely free from any separate oxide phase unlike in samples of Fe sintered at 700°C that contain ultrafine oxide grains. This was explained on the basis of role played by acrawax, a lubricant, admixed to increase the green density. Based on the sintered densities of both SPS and conventional sintered compacts, residual oxide content of the compacts sintered at different temperature and experimentally observed shrinkage rate a phenomenological model has been proposed for the possible sequence of processes occurring during sintering of these nanopowders. The major findings of this work are summarized in chapter 6 and chapter 7 details the scope for the future work.
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Book chapters on the topic "Vapor Sintering"

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Hayashi, K., T. Ohashi, and T. Hirao. "Chemical Vapor Deposition of Aluminum Nitride." In Sintering ’87, 944–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1373-8_159.

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Chen, Lidong, Takashi Goto, and Toshio Hirai. "Preparation of Silicon Carbide Powders by Chemical Vapor Deposition." In Sintering ’87, 49–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1373-8_9.

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Pask, Joseph A. "Effect of Water Vapor on Sintering of Ceramic Oxides." In Sintering Key Papers, 579–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0741-6_37.

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Endo, Morinobu, and Nobuaki Urasato. "Preparation and Sintering Properties of Ultrafine Silicon Carbide Powder Obtained by Vapor Phase Reaction." In Silicon Carbide Ceramics—1, 119–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3842-0_6.

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Magnant, Jerome, René Pailler, Yann Le Petitcorps, Laurence Maillé, Alain Guette, Jimmy Marthe, and Eric Philippe. "Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites Processed by a Hybrid Process Based on Chemical Vapor Infiltration, Slurry Impregnation and Spark Plasma Sintering." In Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials IV, 45–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470944066.ch5.

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6

Šalak, Andrej, and Marcela Selecká. "Alloying and sintering of manganese steels by manganese vapour." In Manganese in Powder Metallurgy Steels, 39–71. Cambridge: Cambridge International Science Publishing Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-907343-75-9_4.

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Guo, Wenli, Ting Xian Xu, Qiang Zou, and Chang Chun Ge. "Production of Si3N4 Whiskers in Solid Mixtures through Vapor-Solid Mechanism Using 2MgO 2Al2O3 5SiO2 as Sintering Additives." In High-Performance Ceramics III, 1227–30. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-959-8.1227.

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Šalak, Andrej, and Marcela Selecká. "Alloying and sintering of manganese steels in terms of high manganese vapour pressure." In Manganese in Powder Metallurgy Steels, 22–38. Cambridge: Cambridge International Science Publishing Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-907343-75-9_3.

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Aslan, Mikail, and Cengiz Bozada. "The Rare-Earth Hexaborides Production Methods." In Rare-Earth Metal Hexaborides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, 63–80. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815124576123010006.

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To produce rare-earth hexaborides, some methods exist: direct solid phase, carbothermal reduction, borothermal reduction, self-propagating synthesis, aluminum flux method, spark plasma sintering, and mechanochemical synthesis, floating zone method, and chemical vapor deposition. In this section, the drawbacks and advantages of these production methods will be discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Vapor Sintering"

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Itoh, Toru, Shuji Tanaka, Jing-Feng Li, Ryuzo Watanabe, and Masayoshi Esashi. "Micromachining of Silicon Carbide by Silicon Lost Molding, Chemical Vapor Deposition And Reaction-Sintering." In 2002 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2002.p14-1.

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Mu, Fengwen, Hui Ren, Seongbin Shin, Akaike Masatake, Lei Liu, Guisheng Zou, Yoshida Makoto, and Tadatomo Suga. "Low temperature all-Cu bonding via Cu-nanoparticle paste sintering in Pt-catalyzed formic acid vapor." In 2019 6th International Workshop on Low Temperature Bonding for 3D Integration (LTB-3D). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ltb-3d.2019.8735224.

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Mu, Fengwen, Hui Ren, Lei Liu, Yinghui Wang, Guisheng Zou, and Tadatomo Suga. "Nano-Cu paste sintering in Pt-catalyzed formic acid vapor for Cu bonding at a low temperature." In 2019 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icep.2019.8733407.

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Hu, Run, Tinghui Guo, Xiaolei Zhu, Sheng Liu, and Xiaobing Luo. "A small flat-plate vapor chamber fabricated by copper powder sintering and diffusion bonding for cooling electronic packages." In 2013 IEEE 63rd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2013.6575901.

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Zhao, Yuan, and Chung-Lung Chen. "Development of a High Performance Vapor Chamber for High Heat Flux Applications." In ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52363.

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This paper introduces a high performance vapor chamber heat spreader with a novel bi-dispersed wick structure. The main wick structure is a sintered porous network in a latticed pattern, which contains not only small pores to transport liquid by capillary forces, but also many slots to provide large passages to vent vapor from heated surfaces. The copper particles have a diameter of approximately 50 μm; they produce an effective pore radius of approximately 13 μm after sintering. The slots have a typical width of approximately 500 μm. Unlike traditional bi-dispersed wick structures, the latticed wick structures provide undisrupted liquid delivery passages and vapor escape channels and thus greatly improve the heat transfer performance. Preliminary experimental tests were conducted and the results were analyzed. It was shown by the experiments that vapor chamber heat spreaders with the latticed wicks present three times improvement on heat spreading performance, comparing with a solid copper heat spreader, and much improved capacity to handle hot spots with local heat fluxes exceeding 300 W/cm2, which will have great impacts on extending heat pipe technology from traditional low to medium heat fluxes to high heat flux applications.
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Detzel, Samuel, Annette C. Sigling, and Tim C. Lueth. "Mechanical Properties of Snap-Fits Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering From Polyamide." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70328.

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Abstract Snap-fits provide a quick, simple and reversible way to join larger additively manufactured parts. They take up little space and are flexible in their placement. The mechanical properties of snap-fits fabricated by selective laser sintering are not well explored. While the mechanical properties of the bulk material are available, these do not sufficiently describe the behavior of thin and flexible structures. The purpose of this research is the investigation of the mechanical properties of SLS-fabricated snap-fits. We explored the influence of geometric parameters, orientation during the manufacturing process and post-processing by chemical vapor smoothing as well as stress cycling. In a series of experiments, we measured the retaining force applied along the axis of the joint as well as the force necessary to open the snap-fit by pressing sideways. Based on literature, we formulated the relationship between geometry and mechanical properties. The resulting formulas were tested experimentally and corrected if necessary. The results show that the effective flexural modulus is 45% lower in cantilever snap-fits with width and thickness of less than 3 mm compared to bulk material. Smoothing reduced the flexural modulus as well as the friction even further.
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Kim, Sungwon S., Justin A. Weibel, Timothy S. Fisher, and Suresh V. Garimella. "Thermal Performance of Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Vapor Chamber Wicks." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22929.

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Vapor chambers are often used as spreaders to dissipate high heat fluxes by taking advantage of liquid-vapor phase change. Wicking of the working fluid in vapor chambers is accomplished through capillary action, which is strongly affected by the wick structure. Traditionally, copper meshes with micrometer-scale pore sizes have been used as wicking structures, but it is expected that heat fluxes in the next generation of high-power electronic devices will cause boiling in these devices and lead to dryout with conventional wick materials. With a goal of increasing maximum heat dissipation and reducing thermal resistance, a wick structure composed of both conventional copper mesh and carbon nanotubes has been developed and characterized. The high-permeability mesh provides for a low-resistance bulk flow path while the carbon nanotubes, with their high thermal conductivity and high surface area, modify the wick surface for enhanced capillary action. CNT-enhanced integrated wicks were fabricated by sintering a copper mesh on Cu-Mo-Cu substrates, on which CNTs were grown. A thin layer of copper was evaporated onto the CNTs to improve wicking and wettability with water, the working fluid of interest. Samples grown under varying degrees of positive bias voltage and varying thicknesses of post-CNT-growth copper evaporation were fabricated, so that the surface morphology of the samples could be varied. The resultant boiling curves and associated wick thermal resistances indicate that micro/nano integrated wicks fabricated with higher positive bias voltages during CNT synthesis, and thicker copper coatings, lead to improved thermal performance and lower wick thermal resistance. Notably, heat fluxes at the heater surface of greater than 500 W/cm2 were observed without reaching a critical heat flux condition.
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Xu, Jingxiang, Shandan Bai, Yuji Higuchi, Nobuki Ozawa, and Momoji Kubo. "A theoretical study on sintering of Ni nanoparticles in the anode of solid oxide fuel cell under water vapor environment." In 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2016.7751316.

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Tanaka, K. "Development of the Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56047.

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First, I describe the basic equations that resolve the physical development of the LHP and how to estimate the maximum heat transfer capability of the LHP. Second, I describe the outline of experimental manufacture of the LHP. This LHP is made from copper. The evaporator is φ19×95mm, the vapor tube is φ5×300mm, the condenser is φ3.5×600mm and the liquid tube is φ3.5×300mm. The wick is made from the sintering cupper. The working fluid is methanol. Finally, I briefly describe the test result of heat transfer capability of this LHP.
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Tanaka, K., M. Katsuta, Y. Ohuchi, and K. Saitho. "Thermal Performance of the Mini-Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88403.

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In this paper, we describe the outline of experimental manufacture of the LHP. This LHP is made of a copper. The evaporator is φ19×95mm, the vapor tube is φ5×300mm, the condenser is φ3.5×600mm and the liquid tube is φ 3.5×300mm. The wick is made of the sintering copper. The working fluid is methanol. Second, we describe the test result of heat transfer capability of this LHP. Finally, I describe the basic equations that resolve the physical development of the LHP and how to estimate the each temperatures of the LHP.
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