Journal articles: 'VAPI'

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Ramadhanti, Anisa. "Pendekatan Diagnosis Terbaru Vaping Associated Pulmonary Injury (VAPI)." Journal of Health Science and Physiotherapy 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35893/jhsp.v2i1.38.

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Rokok elektronik atau vape diklaim lebih aman dan lebih tidak berbahaya karena lebih sedikit mengandung bahan kimia toksik dibandingkan rokok konvensional. Walaupun demikian, masih banyak pihak yang mempertanyakan keamanan rokok elektronik. Liquid dalam rokok elektronik dan aerosol yang dihasilkan terbukti mengandung sejumlah komponen kimia yang kemungkinan memiliki efek yang berbahaya terhadap kesehatan, terutama paru yang dapat menyebabkan vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI). Berdasarkan laporan kasus sebelumnya, VAPI terbagi menjadi beberapa spektrum penyakit, diantaranya adalah pneumonia eosinofilik akut, organizing pneumonia, lipoid pneumonia, kerusakan alveolus difus, dan acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), perdarahan alveolar difus, pneumonitis hipersensitif, dan yang paling jarang yaitu giant-cell interstitial pneumonitis. Terdapat definisi kasus yang terbaru dalam menegakkan diagnosis VAPI, serta tatalaksana

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Hooper-McGrevy, Kathleen E., Bruce N. Wilkie, and John F. Prescott. "Immunoglobulin G Subisotype Responses of Pneumonic and Healthy, Exposed Foals and Adult Horses to Rhodococcus equi Virulence-Associated Proteins." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 3 (May 2003): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.3.345-351.2003.

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ABSTRACT Rhodococcus equi causes severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and in immunocompromised humans. Replication of virulent isolates within macrophages correlates with the presence of a large plasmid which encodes a family of seven virulence-associated proteins (VapA and VapC to VapH), whose functions are unknown. Although cell-mediated immunity is thought to be crucial in eliminating R. equi infection, antibody partially protects foals. The antibody response to both VapA and VapC was similar in six adult horses and six naturally exposed but healthy foals, as well as in eight foals with R. equi pneumonia. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) subisotype response of pneumonic foals to Vap proteins was significantly IgGb biased and also had a trend toward higher IgGT association compared to the isotype association of antibody in adult horses and healthy exposed foals. This suggests that in horses, IgGb and IgGT are Th2 isotypes and IgGa is a Th1 isotype. Furthermore, it suggests that foals which develop R. equi pneumonia have a Th2-biased, ineffective immune response whereas foals which become immune develop a Th1-biased immune response. Pneumonic foals had significantly more antibody to VapD and VapE than did healthy exposed foals. This may indicate a difference in the expression of these two Vap proteins during persistent infection. Alternatively, in pneumonic foals the deviation of the immune response toward VapD and VapE may reflect a bias unfavorable to R. equi resistance. These data indicate possible age-related differences in the equine immune response affecting Th1-Th2 bias as well as antibody specificity bias, which together favor the susceptibility of foals to R. equi pneumonia.

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Takai, Shinji, Stephen A. Hines, Tsutomu Sekizaki, Vivian M. Nicholson, Debra A. Alperin, Makoto Osaki, Daisuke Takamatsu, et al. "DNA Sequence and Comparison of Virulence Plasmids from Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701 and 103." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 6840–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.12.6840-6847.2000.

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ABSTRACT The virulence plasmids of the equine virulent strainsRhodococcus equi ATCC 33701 and 103 were sequenced, and their genetic structure was analyzed. p33701 was 80,610 bp in length, and p103 was 1 bp shorter; their sequences were virtually identical. The plasmids contained 64 open reading frames (ORFs), 22 of which were homologous with genes of known function and 3 of which were homologous with putative genes of unknown function in other species. Putative functions were assigned to five ORFs based on protein family characteristics. The most striking feature of the virulence plasmids was the presence of a 27,536-bp pathogenicity island containing seven virulence-associated protein (vap) genes, includingvapA. These vap genes have extensive homology to vapA, which encodes a thermoregulated and surface-expressed protein. The pathogenicity island contained a LysR family transcriptional regulator and a two-component response regulator upstream of six of the vap genes. The vap genes were present as a cluster of three (vapA, vapC, and vapD), as a pair (vapE andvapF), or individually (vapG;vapH). A region of extensive direct repeats of unknown function, possibly associated with thermoregulation, was present immediately upstream of the clustered and the paired genes but not the individual vap genes. There was extensive homology among the C-terminal halves of all vap genes but not generally among the N-terminal halves. The remainder of the plasmid consisted of a large region which appears to be associated with conjugation functions and a large region which appears to be associated with replication and partitioning functions.

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Hage, René, and Macé M. Schuurmans. "Vaping-assoziierte Lungenerkrankung «VAPI»." Praxis 109, no. 13 (October 2020): 1063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003529.

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Zusammenfassung. Elektronische Zigaretten sind kleine, handliche Geräte, die über ein Verdampfungssystem verfügen und damit die Inhalation von Aerosolgemischen ermöglichen. In letzter Zeit sind mehrere Erkrankungsfälle publiziert worden, die auf den Konsum von E-Zigaretten zurückgeführt werden können. In Fallserien ist ein Syndrom mit der Bezeichnung «Vaping-Associated Pulmonary Illness» (VAPI) beschrieben worden, das durch isolierte respiratorische Symptome oder durch kombinierte respiratorische, gastro-intestinale und konstitutionelle Symptome gekennzeichnet ist. VAPI kann rasch progredient sein und zu schwerer respiratorischer Insuffizienz sowie intensivmedizinischer Behandlungsbedürftigkeit führen. Trotz diverser Therapiestrategien sind bereits über 50 Todesfälle zu beklagen. Das Vitamin-E-Azetat wird von den inhalierten Substanzen am häufigsten mit VAPI assoziiert. Obwohl die Auslöser und Krankheitsmechanismen noch nicht umfassend untersucht und geklärt sind, fassen wir das bisherige Wissen zur Klinik, Pathologie, Radiologie und Therapie zusammen.

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Polidori, Marco, and Albert Haas. "VapI, a new member of the Rhodococcus equi Vap family." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 90, no. 3 (July 27, 2006): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-006-9073-y.

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Alavalapadu, Aparna, and Raphael Mattamal. "Vaping Associated Pulmonary Injury." International Journal of Integrative Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine 7 (February 1, 2022): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36013/ijipem.v7i.75.

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Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI) is a newly evolving medical condition caused by inhalation of substances including tetrahydrocannabinol- or nicotine-containing products via vaping. Vaping is the act of inhaling and exhaling an aerosol, which can contain fine particles that have been identified as toxic chemicals, produced by an e-cigarette or similar device. Presenting symptoms of VAPI include respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, chest pain, cough, and hypoxia), gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, emesis, diarrhea, and abdominal pain), and constitutional symptoms (fever, chills, weight loss, and fatigue). The diagnosis and management of VAPI are being studied and it is considered a diagnosis of exclusion. Most patients are young, with male predominance, and history of vaping. The severity of presenting symptoms varies. Radiographic findings vary in severity with chest x-rays showing bilateral infiltrates, although those findings may be absent early in the disease course. Computed tomography of the chest can show bilateral ground-glass opacities with pleural effusions and pneumomediastinum. Management of VAPI is based upon clinical presentation with empiric antibiotics for CAP coverage and steroids if indicated for reducing lung inflammation.

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Jacks, Stephanie, Steeve Giguère, and John F. Prescott. "In Vivo Expression of and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to the Plasmid-Encoded Virulence-Associated Proteins of Rhodococcus equi in Foals." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2007): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00448-06.

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ABSTRACT Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes pneumonia in foals but does not induce disease in adult horses. Virulence of R. equi depends on the presence of a large plasmid, which encodes a family of seven virulence-associated proteins (VapA and VapC to VapH). Eradication of R. equi from the lungs depends on gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by T lymphocytes. The objectives of the present study were to determine the relative in vivo expression of the vap genes of R. equi in the lungs of infected foals, to determine the recall response of bronchial lymph node (BLN) lymphocytes from foals and adult horses to each of the Vap proteins, and to compare the cytokine profiles of proliferating lymphocytes between foals and adult horses. vapA, vapD, and vapG were preferentially expressed in the lungs of infected foals, and expression of these genes in the lungs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that achieved during in vitro growth. VapA and VapC induced the strongest lymphoproliferative responses for foals and adult horses. There was no significant difference in recall lymphoproliferative responses or IFN-γ mRNA expression by bronchial lymph node lymphocytes between foals and adults. In contrast, interleukin 4 (IL-4) expression was significantly higher for adults than for foals for each of the Vap proteins. The ratio of IFN-γ to IL-4 was significantly higher for foals than for adult horses for most Vap proteins. Therefore, foals are immunocompetent and are capable of mounting lymphoproliferative responses of the same magnitude and cytokine phenotype as those of adult horses.

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Carlos, W. Graham, Laura E. Crotty Alexander, Jane E. Gross, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Jonathan M. Keller, Susan Pasnick, and Shazia Jamil. "Vaping-associated Pulmonary Illness (VAPI)." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 200, no. 7 (October 1, 2019): P13—P14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2007p13.

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9

Saare, Tiit. "Kes oli “neljanda” Narva vapi omanik?" Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2017.1.05.

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10

Byrne, Barbara A., John F. Prescott, Guy H. Palmer, Shinji Takai, Vivian M. Nicholson, Debra C. Alperin, and Stephen A. Hines. "Virulence Plasmid of Rhodococcus equiContains Inducible Gene Family Encoding Secreted Proteins." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.2.650-656.2001.

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ABSTRACT Rhodococcus equi causes severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals. This facultative intracellular pathogen produces similar lesions in immunocompromised humans, particularly in AIDS patients. Virulent strains of R. equi bear a large plasmid that is required for intracellular survival within macrophages and for virulence in foals and mice. Only two plasmid-encoded proteins have been described previously; a 15- to 17-kDa surface protein designated virulence-associated protein A (VapA) and an antigenically related 20-kDa protein (herein designated VapB). These two proteins are not expressed by the same R. equi isolate. We describe here the substantial similarity between VapA and VapB. Moreover, we identify three additional genes carried on the virulence plasmid,vapC, -D, and -E, that are tandemly arranged downstream of vapA. These new genes are members of a gene family and encode proteins that are approximately 50% homologous to VapA, VapB, and each other. vapC, -D, and -E are found only in R. equi strains that express VapA and are highly conserved in VapA-positive isolates from both horses and humans. VapC, -D, and -E are secreted proteins coordinately regulated by temperature with VapA; the proteins are expressed when R. equi is cultured at 37°C but not at 30°C, a finding that is compatible with a role in virulence. As secreted proteins, VapC, -D, and -E may represent targets for the prevention of rhodococcal pneumonia. An immunologic study using VapA-specific antibodies and recombinant Vap proteins revealed no evidence of cross-reactivity despite extensive sequence similarity over the carboxy terminus of all four proteins.

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Makwana, Trishna, and Jitesh Parmar. "A Factor Analysis on Factors Influencing Female Buying Behavior for Cosmetic Products in Selected Cities of South Gujarat." ANUSANDHAN – NDIM's Journal of Business and Management Research 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56411/anusandhan.2020.v2i1.10-19.

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The present study investigates and evaluates factors influencing female buying behaviour for cosmetic products in the cities of Surat, Navsari, Valsad and Vapi. A structured questionnaire was developed and distributed among selected cities' respondents aged from 18 years and above by using quota sampling technique. The total sample which was eligible for study was 963 respondents. Data was analyzed using factor analysis and frequency analysis in SPSS version 16.0. The study provides evidence and insight on various variables used for analysis and reveals total number of 17 factors from brand and price consciousness to the belief of classic buying which were given more significance by female buyers from the cities of Surat, Navsari, Valsad and Vapi for purchasing cosmetic products.

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Lazzaretti, Vera. "The Burden of Security." Journal of Extreme Anthropology 4, no. 1 (March 8, 2020): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jea.7526.

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After the Babri mosque in the northern Indian city of Ayodhya was destroyed in 1992 by mobs of ‘volunteers’ mobilised by Hindu nationalist forces, a deed of license between the Uttar Pradesh Sunni Central Waqf Board and the Uttar Pradesh state government was signed. Through this license a portion of land in the Gyan Vapi mosque premises in Banaras (Varanasi) was handed over to the state for security purposes. The Gyan Vapi mosque is less than fifty meters from the Kashi Vishvanath temple, a notable Hindu pilgrimage destination. Although at the centre of security issues for centuries, the mosque has been a target of the Hindu nationalist movement that since the 1980s has aimed at the ‘liberation’ of allegedly originally Hindu places of worship. By analysing the evolution of security discourses in local Hindi newspapers and drawing on ethnography of everyday policing at the Kashi Vishvanath-Gyan Vapi compound, this article discusses moral frictions involved in securing a contested place of worship and argues that scopes and objects of securitisation can shift. In the case I discuss, the predominately Hindu police are shown to play an ambiguous role, caught as they are between their duty to secure the disputed mosque and their likely adherence to the increasingly dominant Hindu nationalist discourse. In overcoming these moral frictions, police through their everyday activity contribute to the shift of the object of securitisation from the mosque to the more ‘acceptable’ temple.

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Letek, Michal, Alain A. Ocampo-Sosa, Mandy Sanders, Ursula Fogarty, Tom Buckley, Desmond P. Leadon, Patricia González, et al. "Evolution of the Rhodococcus equi vap Pathogenicity Island Seen through Comparison of Host-Associated vapA and vapB Virulence Plasmids." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 17 (July 7, 2008): 5797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00468-08.

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ABSTRACT The pathogenic actinomycete Rhodococcus equi harbors different types of virulence plasmids associated with specific nonhuman hosts. We determined the complete DNA sequence of a vapB + plasmid, typically associated with pig isolates, and compared it with that of the horse-specific vapA + plasmid type. pVAPB1593, a circular 79,251-bp element, had the same housekeeping backbone as the vapA + plasmid but differed over an ≈22-kb region. This variable region encompassed the vap pathogenicity island (PAI), was clearly subject to selective pressures different from those affecting the backbone, and showed major genetic rearrangements involving the vap genes. The pVAPB1593 PAI harbored five different vap genes (vapB and vapJ to -M, with vapK present in two copies), which encoded products differing by 24 to 84% in amino acid sequence from the six full-length vapA + plasmid-encoded Vap proteins, consistent with a role for the specific vap gene complement in R. equi host tropism. Sequence analyses, including interpolated variable-order motifs for detection of alien DNA and reconstruction of Vap family phylogenetic relationships, suggested that the vap PAI was acquired by an ancestor plasmid via lateral gene transfer, subsequently evolving by vap gene duplication and sequence diversification to give different (host-adapted) plasmids. The R. equi virulence plasmids belong to a new family of actinobacterial circular replicons characterized by an ancient conjugative backbone and a horizontally acquired niche-adaptive plasticity region.

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Carlos, W. Graham, Laura E. Crotty Alexander, Jane E. Gross, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Jonathan M. Keller, Susan Pasnick, and Shazia Jamil. "ATS Health Alert—Vaping-associated Pulmonary Illness (VAPI)." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 200, no. 7 (October 1, 2019): P15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2007p15.

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Benoit, Stephanie, Abdellah Benachour, Said Taouji, Yanick Auffray, and Axel Hartke. "H2O2, Which Causes Macrophage-Related Stress, Triggers Induction of Expression of Virulence-Associated Plasmid Determinants in Rhodococcus equi." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 7 (July 2002): 3768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.7.3768-3776.2002.

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ABSTRACT The response of the intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi to H2O2 treatment, a situation potentially encountered after the oxidative burst of alveolar macrophages, was analyzed. Compared to other bacteria, including Deinococcus radiodurans, R. equi showed exceptionally high resistance to this stress. A proteomic approach showed that four polypeptides present in the wild-type strain (85F) are missing in the plasmid-cured strain 85F(P-), and by using a DNA macroarray, we identified two plasmid-encoded vap genes, vapA and vapG, whose expression was highly induced by H2O2 treatment. Whereas the transcript size of vapA was compatible with a monocistronic mRNA, the transcript of vapG was considerably longer. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCRs showed that the transcriptional start sites of the two operons were 69 and 269 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the start codon, respectively. Analysis of these leader sequences revealed the presence of a small open reading frame named podG, which encodes a sequence of 55 amino acids preceded by a putative ribosome binding site sequence in the vapG transcript. Taking this result into account, the untranslated leader of the podG/vapG operon is 87 nt. Alignment of this sequence with the leader sequences of vapA and vapD, genes previously shown to be induced by acid, revealed significant homologies. Since our results showed that vapA, vapD, and vapG are genes highly induced by macrophage-related stresses, their gene products may, within the Vap protein family, play a dominant role inside these phagocytic cells and may be the most promising candidates for vaccination strategies.

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Jansen, Jaclyn H., Steve Roumpf, and Julie L. Welch. "Vaping Associated Pulmonary Injury (VAPI): Electronic cigarettes are not harmless." Visual Journal of Emergency Medicine 18 (January 2020): 100699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visj.2019.100699.

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Kooragayalu, Shravan, Samer El-Zarif, and Sunit Jariwala. "Vaping Associated Pulmonary Injury (VAPI) with superimposed Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection." Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 29 (2020): 100997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.100997.

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Hage, R., V. Fretz, and M. M. Schuurmans. "Electronic cigarettes and vaping associated pulmonary illness (VAPI): A narrative review." Pulmonology 26, no. 5 (September 2020): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.02.009.

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James, Christina, and Ralph H. Kehlenbach. "The Interactome of the VAP Family of Proteins: An Overview." Cells 10, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071780.

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Membrane contact sites (MCS) are sites of close apposition of two organelles that help in lipid transport and synthesis, calcium homeostasis and several other biological processes. The VAMP-associated proteins (VAPs) VAPA, VAPB, MOSPD2 and the recently described MOSPD1 and MOSPD3 are tether proteins of MCSs that are mainly found at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). VAPs interact with various proteins with a motif called FFAT (two phenylalanines in an acidic tract), recruiting the associated organelle to the ER. In addition to the conventional FFAT motif, the recently described FFNT (two phenylalanines in a neutral tract) and phospho-FFAT motifs contribute to the interaction with VAPs. In this review, we summarize and compare the recent interactome studies described for VAPs, including in silico and proximity labeling methods. Collectively, the interaction repertoire of VAPs is very diverse and highlights the complexity of interactions mediated by the different FFAT motifs to the VAPs.

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R Bhuyan, Rashmi, and Kumkum Vadera. "Vaping Induced Pathological Changes in the Lung-A Case Report Study." Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics 4, no. 1 (August 7, 2020): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/103.

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Vaping associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), a group of respiratory symptoms, sometimes accompanied by non-specific symptoms like generalized fatigue, body ache, fever, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and chills that has been previously categorized as a diagnosis of exclusion and best described as an exogenous lipoid pneumonia, or chemical pneumonitis. Here we describe the onset of an exogenous cause of lipoid pneumonia in an otherwise healthy patient using cannabis-containing products. We explore, similarities in the clinical case, identify common clinical features, characteristic radiologic findings along with cytological changes in the lungs.

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Blair, Sandra L., Nga L. Ng, Stephen C. Zambrzycki, Anyin Li, and Facundo M. Fernández. "Aerosol Vacuum-Assisted Plasma Ionization (Aero-VaPI) Coupled to Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 29, no. 4 (February 5, 2018): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-017-1872-z.

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Geerds, Christina, Jens Wohlmann, Albert Haas, and Hartmut H. Niemann. "Structure ofRhodococcus equivirulence-associated protein B (VapB) reveals an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel consisting of two Greek-key motifs." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 70, no. 7 (June 18, 2014): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x14009911.

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Members of the virulence-associated protein (Vap) family from the pathogenRhodococcus equiregulate virulence in an unknown manner. They do not share recognizable sequence homology with any protein of known structure. VapB and VapA are normally associated with isolates from pigs and horses, respectively. To contribute to a molecular understanding of Vap function, the crystal structure of a protease-resistant VapB fragment was determined at 1.4 Å resolution. The structure was solved by SAD phasing employing the anomalous signal of one endogenous S atom and two bound Co ions with low occupancy. VapB is an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel with a single helix. Structural similarity to avidins suggests a potential binding function. Unlike other eight- or ten-stranded β-barrels found in avidins, bacterial outer membrane proteins, fatty-acid-binding proteins and lysozyme inhibitors, Vaps do not have a next-neighbour arrangement but consist of two Greek-key motifs with strand order 41238567, suggesting an unusual or even unique topology.

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Mistry, Honey. "A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION WITH REFERENCE TO SELECTED COMPANIES IN AND AROUND VAPI." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES 8, no. 65 (July 1, 2021): 14901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v8i65.1332.

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This paper discusses about the most important asset that any employer possesses which is not land, raw material, or profit, but people; their employees. Thus, it is the responsibility of employer to keep their employees motivated by creating a positive work environment, and providing employees with the opportunities to grow. Motivating employees is an art that requires time and dedication. Motivated employee’s results to retention or reduction in employee turnover, and enthusiastic employees out produce and outperform. This paper study the sources of motivational needs, benefits of motivation, recognition and rewards, and tactics that can be used to help motivate individuals. The data was collected through the telephonic interview of the HR professionals of the selected companies. The major outcomes of this research include that Employee motivation plays an essential role in an organization and it contributes towards effective and efficient working of the organization, resulting to the achievement of overall organizational goals.

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Tang, Tian, Wenhui Xu, Ji Ma, Huajing Wang, Zhao Cui, Tingliang Jiang, and Canghai Li. "Inhibitory Mechanisms of DHA/CQ on pH and Iron Homeostasis of Erythrocytic Stage Growth of Plasmodium falciparum." Molecules 24, no. 10 (May 20, 2019): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101941.

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Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium group. The mechanisms of antimalarial drugs DHA/CQ are still unclear today. The inhibitory effects (IC50) of single treatments with DHA/CQ or V-ATPase inhibitor Baf-A1 or combination treatments by DHA/CQ combined with Baf-A1 on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 was investigated. Intracellular cytoplasmic pH and labile iron pool (LIP) were labeled by pH probe BCECF, AM and iron probe calcein, AM, the fluorescence of the probes was measured by FCM. The effects of low doses of DHA (0.2 nM, 0.4 nM, 0.8 nM) on gene expression of V-ATPases (vapE, vapA, vapG) located in the membrane of DV were tested by RT-qPCR. DHA combined with Baf-A1 showed a synergism effect (CI = 0.524) on the parasite growth in the concentration of IC50. Intracellular pH and irons were effected significantly by different doses of DHA/Baf-A1. Intracellular pH was decreased by CQ combined with Baf-A1 in the concentration of IC50. Intracellular LIP was increased by DHA combined with Baf-A1 in the concentration of 20 IC50. The expression of gene vapA was down-regulated by all low doses of DHA (0.2/0.4/0.8 nM) significantly (p < 0.001) and the expression of vapG/vapE were up-regulated by 0.8 nM DHA significantly (p < 0.001). Interacting with ferrous irons, affecting the DV membrane proton pumping and acidic pH or cytoplasmic irons homeostasis may be the antimalarial mechanism of DHA while CQ showed an effect on cytoplasmic pH of parasite in vitro. Lastly, this article provides us preliminary results and a new idea for antimalarial drugs combination and new potential antimalarial combination therapies.

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Keelor, Joel D., Paul B. Farnsworth, Arthur L. Weber, Heather Abbott-Lyon, and Facundo M. Fernández. "Multimodal Vacuum-Assisted Plasma Ion (VaPI) Source with Transmission Mode and Laser Ablation Sampling Capabilities." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 27, no. 5 (February 16, 2016): 897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-016-1354-8.

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Saied, Ahmad A., Laura K. Bryan, and David C. Bolin. "Ulcerative, granulomatous glossitis and enteritis caused by Rhodococcus equi in a heifer." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 31, no. 5 (July 26, 2019): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719867120.

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Rhodococcus equi infection in horses is common and is characterized by pyogranulomatous pneumonia and ulcerative enterocolitis. R. equi clinical disease in cattle, however, is rare and typically manifests as granulomatous lymphadenitis discovered in the abattoir. A 19-mo-old female Santa Gertrudis had a history of intermittent inappetence and weight loss for a 3-mo period before euthanasia. Gross and histologic examination revealed severe, chronic, ulcerative, and granulomatous inflammation in the tongue, pharynx, and small intestine. Also, the heifer had severe, granulomatous pharyngeal and mesenteric lymphadenitis. Bacterial cultures from the ileum, tongue, and liver yielded numerous-to-moderate numbers of R. equi. PCR analysis of the isolate detected the linear virulence plasmid vapN, which is often identified in bovine isolates ( traA- and vapN-positive). The bacteria also lack the circular plasmids vapA and vapB that are associated with virulence in horses and swine, respectively. We report herein an atypical and unusual clinical presentation of R. equi infection in cattle, which has zoonotic potential.

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Sharma, Samin K., Ravinder S. Rao, Manik Chopra, Anmol Sonawane, John Jose, and Gunasekaran Sengottuvelu. "Myval transcatheter heart valve system in the treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis." Future Cardiology 17, no. 1 (January 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fca-2020-0020.

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The transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an established treatment for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) at prohibitive risk for surgery. It is an alternative treatment to surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with AS at intermediate- and high-surgical risk. Although regulatory authorities extend the indications of TAVR to treat patients at low-surgical risk, the limitations of earlier-generation transcatheter heart valve (THV) systems accelerate the development of improved newer generation of THV systems. Myval™ THV (Meril Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Vapi, Gujarat, India) is a newer-generation, balloon-expandable TAVR system with features that facilitate accurate positioning of the bioprosthetic valve and favorable procedural and clinical outcomes. This review summarizes existing preclinical and clinical data on Myval THV for the intervention of symptomatic native AS and lays out the plan for future research program.

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R Bhuyan, Rashmi. "Vaping Induced Pathological Changes In The Lung Comparing With Imaging Finding-A Case Report Study." Journal of Clinical Studies and Medical Case Reports 5, no. 3 (October 27, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/csmc-8801/100092.

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Vaping Associated Pulmonary Injury (VAPI) is a group of respiratory symptoms like shortness of breath and tachypnea and, oftentimes, it is associated with non-specific symptoms like generalized fatigue, body ache, fever, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and chills. This entity has been previously categorized as a diagnosis of exclusion and best described as an exogenous lipoid pneumonia, or chemical pneumonitis. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia has characteristic finding in histology where inhaled fatty substances are recognized with special stain versus endogenous lipoid pneumonia, which is due to airway obstruction giving histology look of cholesterol crystals and accumulated debris. Here we describe the onset of an exogenous cause of lipoid pneumonia in an otherwise healthy patient using cannabis-containing products. We explore, similarities in the clinical case, identify common clinical features, characteristic radiologic findings along with cytological changes in the lungs.

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Singh, Anshika, Qiuxue Tan, Nicole M. Saccone, and David H. Lindner. "A Case of Vaping TCH Oil Leading to Vaping Associated Pulmonary Injury: Our Approach to Its Diagnosis, Management, and Recommendations." Case Reports in Pulmonology 2020 (January 5, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6138083.

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Vaping’s popularity has grown exponentially since its introduction to the US market in 2003. Its use has sky-rocketed since the unveiling of the vaping pods in 2017 which may account for the advent of the vaping related illnesses we are now seeing. Substances such as nicotine solution, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) oil, cannabidiol (CBD) oil, and butane hash oil (BHC) packaged in cartridges available in various flavors and concentrations are aerosolized by the heating of metal coils in the e-cigarette/vaping devices. Cases from all over the country have recently been coming to light in which vaping has led to severe acute pulmonary disease or vaping-associated-pulmonary-injury (VAPI). A vast majority of the presenting patients in the reported cases have required hospitalization and intensive care, needing supplemental oxygen and even endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. 98% of patients present with respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis), 81% of patients have gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain), and 100% of patients have constitutional symptoms such as fever, chills, and fatigue/malaise on presentation. Although based on history and clinical presentation it is reasonable to have a high suspicion for VAPI, diagnostic workup to rule out alternative underlying causes such as infection, malignancy, or autoimmune process should be performed before establishing the diagnosis. Computed Tomography (CT) scans of the chest have predominantly shown ground-glass opacity in the lungs, often with areas of lobular or subpleural sparing. Although lung biopsies have been performed on a relatively low number of cases, lung injury patterns so far have shown acute fibrinous pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, or organizing pneumonia, usually bronchiolocentric, and accompanied by bronchiolitis. Treatment plans that have led to clinical improvement in the reported cases center around high-dose systemic steroids, although there are a lack of data regarding the best regimen and the absolute need for corticosteroids. The role of antibiotics appears to be limited once infection has definitively been ruled out. We present the case of a young male who vaped THC oil and developed severe acute pulmonary injury requiring mechanical ventilation and showed a remarkable response to high dose steroid therapy with improvement in clinical symptoms and resolution of diffuse ground glass opacity on repeat HRCT scan.

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Vukobratović, Jelka. "(Ne)mogućnost etnomuzikološkog rada izvan dihotomije urbano/ruralno." Bosnian / Croatian / Serbian, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51515/issn.2744-1261.2018.10.1.231.

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Dihotomija između urbane i ruralne kulture naglašena je i djelomično izgrađena po ranim europskim etnografskim disciplinama. Premda su kritički diskurs i paradigmatske promjene dovele u pitanje jasne podjele između te dvije kulture, percepcija dihotomije urbano/ruralno i dalje postoji u svakodnevnom diskursu i može se često susresti i u diskursima o glazbi. Studija slučaja koja se bavi popularnim glazbenim bendovima i sviračima iz grada Križevaca u Hrvatskoj, pokazuje neke od mehanizama održavanja ove percepcije. Posebna pažnja u analizi tih mehanizama daje se dvojici glazbenika, lokalnim epitomima “urbane” i “ruralne” kulture. Analiza lokalnog značenja dihotomije ukazuje na razlike u glazbenim prostorima, repertoaru, stilu, instrumentaciji i virtuoznosti, aspektima obrazovanja i društvenog statusa glazbenika. Rezultati etnografskog terenskog rada pokazuju da lokalno korištenje dihotomije urbano/ruralno može izraziti specifična pitanja klasne razlike među lokalnim glazbenicima, ali takođe vapi za uspostavom identiteta malog postsocijalističkog grada tijekom gubitka gospodarske i političke moći.

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Cavallo, A., and F. Giannoni. "Natural risk warning: comparison of two methodologies." Advances in Geosciences 2 (May 4, 2006): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-2-335-2006.

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Abstract. The Italian network of "Centri Funzionali" is now reaching operational status both in hydro-meteorological risk forecasting and support to the decision making of administrations that issue natural risk warning. Each centre operates for its district of influence. In order to have a nationwide common standard the National Civil Protection Department proposed a quantitative warning methodology based on the definition of rainfall thresholds correlated to historical damages. In the first phase the thresholds have been defined using two studies that cover all Italy: the VAPI (statistics of extreme rainfall and discharges, see reference) and the AVI (database of historical flood and landslide events and reported damages, see reference). This work presents one year back analysis that compares the new methodology and the one that has been usied since 2000 by the Liguria Region Meteorological Centre with regard to flood warning, pinpointing the performance differences in terms of false and missed alerts.

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Jammulamadaka, Nimruji, Biswatosh Saha, Manisha Goswami, and Bharatkumar Kacharabhai Patel. "DARK SIDE CASE: Compromised Livelihoods in Vapi: What Needs to Be Cleaned Up in the Armpit of India?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 11190. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.11190abstract.

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Meunier, J., C. Reygrobellet, F. Weber, VH Nguyen, and M. Viala-Danten. "PIN70 PERCEPTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF INTRADERMAL INFLUENZA VACCINE MEASURED BY THE VACCINEE'S PERCEPTION OF INJECTION (VAPI®) QUESTIONNAIRE." Value in Health 12, no. 7 (October 2009): A430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)75128-7.

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Lohse Muñoz, Jorge Cristián, Enrique Paredes, Danilo Vargas, and Shinji Takai. "Rhodococcus equi virulento aislado de potrillos Fina Sangre de Carrera en Chile." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 30, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 1314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v30i3.15361.

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El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer el diagnóstico y aislado de variantes virulentas de la cepa Rhodococcus equi y su asociación con trastornos respiratorios, digestivos o ambos de potrillos Fina Sangre de Carrera. Se obtuvo muestras de sangre de 86 ejemplares entre 1 y 6 meses de edad con presencia de signos clínicos respiratorios y digestivos, entre 2008 y 2006 en 9 Haras de la Región Metropolitana, Chile. Todas las muestras se procesaron y analizaron mediante Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa, para detección de presencia de R. equi y sus proteínas asociadas a la virulencia (Vap) (A, C, D, E, F, G, H). El 41.9% de los potrillos fueron positivos a R. equi. Los factores de virulencia detectados fueron VapA, VapC y VapG identificados en potrillos con trastornos respiratorios en el 5,8% de la población muestreada y con asociación de Spearman r=0,885; r=0.976; r=0,885 respectivamente. No se identificaron variantes virulentas de R.equi en ninguno de los potrillos con signos clínicos digestivos.

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Soto, Diana, Orietta León, José Urdaneta, Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla, and Marta Fernández-García. "Modified Starch as a Filter Controller in Water-Based Drilling Fluids." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122794.

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Herein, the effectiveness of an itaconic acid (IA) graft copolymer on native corn starch (NCS) as a filter control agent in fresh water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) was evaluated. The copolymer (S-g-IA_APS) was synthesized by conventional radical dispersion polymerization using the redox initiation system (NH4)2S2O8/NaHSO3. The modification of the starches was verified by volumetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, three WBDFs were formulated in which only the added polymer (NCS, S-g-IA_APS, and a commercial starch (CPS)) was varied to control the fluid losses. The physico-chemical, rheological, and filtering properties of the formulated systems were evaluated in terms of density (ρ), pH, plastic viscosity (µp), apparent viscosity (µa), yield point (Yp), gel strength (Rg), and filtrated volume (VAPI). In order to evaluate the resistance to temperature and contaminants of the WBDFs, they were subjected to high pressure and high temperature filtering (VHPHT). The filter control agents were also subjected to aging and contamination with cement and salt. The S-g-IA_APS addition improved the filtering behavior at a high pressure and temperature by 38%.

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Coulson, Garry B., Shruti Agarwal, and Mary K. Hondalus. "Characterization of the Role of the Pathogenicity Island and vapG in the Virulence of the Intracellular Actinomycete Pathogen Rhodococcus equi." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 8 (May 3, 2010): 3323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00081-10.

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ABSTRACT Rhodococcus equi, a facultative intracellular pathogen of macrophages, causes severe, life-threatening pneumonia in young foals and in people with underlying immune deficiencies. R. equi virulence is dependent on the presence of a large virulence plasmid that houses a pathogenicity island (PAI) encoding a novel family of surface-localized and secreted proteins of largely unknown function termed the virulence-associated proteins (VapACDEFGHI). To date, vapA and its positive regulators virR and orf8 are the only experimentally established virulence genes residing on the virulence plasmid. In this study, a PAI deletion mutant was constructed and, as anticipated, was attenuated for growth both in macrophages and in mice due to the absence of vapA expression. Expression of vapA in the PAI mutant from a constitutive promoter, thereby eliminating the requirement for the PAI-encoded vapA regulators, resulted in delayed bacterial clearance in vivo, yet full virulence was not restored, indicating that additional virulence genes are indeed located within the deleted pathogenicity island region. Based on previous reports demonstrating that the PAI-carried gene vapG is highly upregulated in macrophages and in the lungs of R. equi-infected foals, we hypothesized that vapG could be an important virulence factor. However, analysis of a marked vapG deletion mutant determined the gene to be dispensable for growth in macrophages and in vivo in mice.

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Chevat, C., M. Viala, C. Dias, C. Doucet, and VH Nguyen. "PIN47 DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC VALIDATION OF THE VACCINEES' PERCEPTION OF INJECTION (VAPI) QUESTIONNAIRE TO ASSESS SUBJECTS' ACCEPTANCE OF INFLUENZA VACCINATION." Value in Health 10, no. 6 (November 2007): A450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)65554-4.

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Mistri, Ekta, and Gurudutta Japee. "ANALYZING THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN INVESTMENT DECISION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SOUTH GUJARAT." GAP GYAN - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 3, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47968/gapgyan.330011.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of social media in investment decisions which means changes in investment pattern after the enhancement of role of social media to a greater extent. This study primarily focuses on the South zone of Gujarat which include five districts: Surat, Bharuch, Navsari, Vapi and Valsad. South Gujarat has all the necessary natural resources, labor and government backing which are self sufficient for investors to invest. This particular area have world-class infrastructure and small scale industries, especially the textile industry which has really made South Gujarat as one of the most preferred destinations for investing. The hypothesis are tested through the questionnaires distributed to small investors who are using social media for investment purpose. The collected data are analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Software Version 20. By analyzing the participation of small individual investors investing through social media platform, researcher aims to examine their adaptability and attitude towards investment through social media platform. This study will be helpful for investors who keep themselves updated with social media platforms regarding investment purpose. This study will also be helpful to create awareness among financial advisors to attract their clients.

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Pradhan, Akshyaya, Pravesh Vishwakarma, Monika Bhandari, Rishi Sethi, Sharad Chandra, Gaurav Chaudhary, Akhil Sharma, Marco Alfonso Perrone, Sudhanshu Dwivedi, and Varun Narain. "Clinical Outcomes of a Non-Compliant Balloon Dilatation Catheter: MOZEC™ NC Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 16231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316231.

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The present study sought to assess the clinical outcomes of the Mozec™ Non-compliant (NC) Rx PTCA balloon dilatation catheter (BDC) (Meril Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Vapi, India) for dilatation of coronary lesions. This was a post-marketing, single-centre, single-arm, retrospective study. In total, 57 patients who had undergone post-dilatation with the Mozec™ NC Rx PTCA balloon dilatation catheter were evaluated. The primary endpoint was procedural success defined as (i) successful delivery of the investigational device to and across the target lesion; (ii) successful inflation, deflation, and withdrawal of the investigational device; (iii) absence of vessel perforation, flow-limiting vessel dissection, increase in thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow from baseline, clinically significant arrhythmia requiring medical treatment; and (iv) achievement of final TIMI flow grade 3 after percutaneous coronary intervention of the target lesion after single or multiple attempts to cross the target lesion. Procedural success was achieved in 57 (100%) patients. There were no incidences of major adverse cardiac events (MACE)/target lesion failure (TLF). Mozec™ NC Rx PTCA balloon dilatation catheter has demonstrated favourable outcomes for the dilatation of routine and complex coronary lesions in a small cohort, as evidenced by its 100% procedural success rate and absence of MACE.

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Pate, Mateja, Irena Zdovc, Tina Pirš, B. Krt, and M. Ocepek. "Isolation and characterisation of Mycobacterium avium and Rhodococcus equi from granulomatous lesions of swine lymph nodes in Slovenia." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.52.2004.2.2.

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Granulomatous lesions in bovine and especially swine lymph nodes are still frequently observed during routine veterinary meat inspections even though Mycobacterium bovis infections are no longer detected in domestic animals in Slovenia. Different lymph nodes of pigs (n = 260) were investigated using classical bacteriological and molecular methods. Mycobacterium avium alone was isolated in 47.3% of pigs and in mixed infection with Rhodococcus equi in 3.9% of pigs. R. equi alone was isolated in 27.3% and in mixed infection with mycobacteria other than M. avium in 1.5% of pigs. A total of 133 M. avium isolates were typed using the IS1245, IS901 and FR300 PCR. Almost two thirds (60.9%) of isolates belonged to M. avium hominissuis (IS901-, IS1245+ genotype), 33.8% of isolates belonged to M. avium avium (IS901+, IS1245+ genotype) and 5.3% of isolates remained non-typed. Fifty out of 85 R. equi isolates were tested for the virulence-associated antigens (VapA and VapB). Nearly two thirds (60.0%) were positive for VapB while all the other isolates were VapA- and VapB-negative.

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Bertini, Claudia, Luca Buonora, Elena Ridolfi, Fabio Russo, and Francesco Napolitano. "On the Use of Satellite Rainfall Data to Design a Dam in an Ungauged Site." Water 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113028.

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The estimation of the design peak discharge is crucial for the hydrological design of hydraulic structures. A commonly used approach is to estimate the design storm through the intensity–duration–area–frequency (IDAF) curves and then use it to generate the design discharge through a hydrological model. In ungauged areas, IDAF curves and design discharges are derived throughout regionalization studies, if any exist for the area of interest, or from using the hydrological information of the closest and most similar gauged place. However, many regions around the globe remain ungauged or are very poorly gauged. In this regard, a unique opportunity is provided by satellite precipitation products developed and improved in the last decades. In this paper, we show weaknesses and potentials of satellite data and, for the first time, we evaluate their applicability for design purposes. We employ CMORPH—Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique satellite precipitation estimates to build IDAF curves and derive the design peak discharges for the Pietrarossa dam catchment in southern Italy. Results are compared with the corresponding one provided by a regionalization study, i.e., VAPI—VAlutazione delle Piene in Italia project, usually used in Italy in ungauged areas. Results show that CMORPH performed well for the estimation of low duration and small return periods storm events, while for high return period storms, further research is still needed.

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Viccione, G., and C. Izzo. "Three-dimensional CFD modelling of urban flood forces on buildings: a case study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2162, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2162/1/012020.

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Abstract Italy is among the countries most likely to be exposed to high hydrogeological risk. The recent 2018 Hydrogeological Disruption Report by ISPRA (Higher Institute for Environmental Protection and Research) states that about 90% of Italian municipalities fall within areas with hydrogeological risk, that is where the probability of floods/landslides is high (level P3) or very high (P4) or the hydraulic hazard is of medium level. Floods are the most severe and frequent phenomena affecting landscapes, mainly if they occur in urban contexts. Urban development, if nature-based solutions are not taken into account, determines an increase in the impermeable surface, with the effect of reducing the infiltration and water evaporation, and consequently with an increase in runoff peaks and decrease of the concentration times. In this framework, the work here presented numerically analyses the effect of floods in an urban basin, in term of their three-dimensional interaction with buildings. The site under study is Cervinara, a municipality in the Campania region, Italy, hit by severe floods in 1999. Flow peaks were calculated using the VAPI procedure, a regional methodology based on two-component extreme value (TCEV) distribution. The results show that the level of exposure of the buildings, evaluated by calculating the thrust of the interacting water on the exterior walls, is influenced by the local three-dimensional kinematics.

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Ocampo-Sosa, Alain A., Deborah A. Lewis, Jesús Navas, Frances Quigley, Raquel Callejo, Mariela Scortti, Desmond P. Leadon, Ursula Fogarty, and José A. Vázquez-Boland. "Molecular Epidemiology of Rhodococcus equi Based on traA, vapA, and vapB Virulence Plasmid Markers." Journal of Infectious Diseases 196, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519688.

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AbstractMolecular typing of the actinomycete Rhodococcus equi is insufficiently developed, and little is known about the epidemiology and transmission of this multihost pathogen. We report a simple, reliable polymerase chain reaction typing system for R. equi based on 3 plasmid gene markers: traA from the conserved conjugal transfer machinery and vapA and vapB, found in 2 different plasmid subpopulations. This “TRAVAP” typing scheme classifies R. equi into 4 categories: traA+/vapA+B−, traA+/vapA−B+, traA+/vapAB−, and traA−/vapAB− (plasmidless). A TRAVAP survey of 215 R. equi strains confirmed the strong link between vapA (traA+/vapA+B− plasmids) and horse isolates and revealed other host-related plasmid associations: between traA+/vapA−B+ and pigs and between traA+/vapAB−—a new type of R. equi plasmid—and cattle. Plasmidless strains were more frequent among isolates from nonpathological specimens. All plasmid categories were common in human isolates, which possibly reflects the predominantly opportunistic nature of R. equi infection in this host and a zoonotic origin.

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Johnson, Ben, Ashley N. Leek, Laura Solé, Emily E. Maverick, Tim P. Levine, and Michael M. Tamkun. "Kv2 potassium channels form endoplasmic reticulum/plasma membrane junctions via interaction with VAPA and VAPB." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 31 (June 25, 2018): E7331—E7340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805757115.

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Kv2.1 exhibits two distinct forms of localization patterns on the neuronal plasma membrane: One population is freely diffusive and regulates electrical activity via voltage-dependent K+ conductance while a second one localizes to micrometer-sized clusters that contain densely packed, but nonconducting, channels. We have previously established that these clusters represent endoplasmic reticulum/plasma membrane (ER/PM) junctions that function as membrane trafficking hubs and that Kv2.1 plays a structural role in forming these membrane contact sites in both primary neuronal cultures and transfected HEK cells. Clustering and the formation of ER/PM contacts are regulated by phosphorylation within the channel C terminus, offering cells fast, dynamic control over the physical relationship between the cortical ER and PM. The present study addresses the mechanisms by which Kv2.1 and the related Kv2.2 channel interact with the ER membrane. Using proximity-based biotinylation techniques in transfected HEK cells we identified ER VAMP-associated proteins (VAPs) as potential Kv2.1 interactors. Confirmation that Kv2.1 and -2.2 bind VAPA and VAPB employed colocalization/redistribution, siRNA knockdown, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assays. CD4 chimeras containing sequence from the Kv2.1 C terminus were used to identify a noncanonical VAP-binding motif. VAPs were first identified as proteins required for neurotransmitter release in Aplysia and are now known to be abundant scaffolding proteins involved in membrane contact site formation throughout the ER. The VAP interactome includes AKAPs, kinases, membrane trafficking machinery, and proteins regulating nonvesicular lipid transport from the ER to the PM. Therefore, the Kv2-induced VAP concentration at ER/PM contact sites is predicted to have wide-ranging effects on neuronal cell biology.

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Chevat, Catherine, Muriel Viala-Danten, Carla Dias-Barbosa, and Van Nguyen. "Development and psychometric validation of a self-administered questionnaire assessing the acceptance of influenza vaccination: the Vaccinees' Perception of Injection (VAPI©) questionnaire." Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 7, no. 1 (2009): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-7-21.

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Nakamichi, Shoko, Kumiko Yamanaka, Mai Suzuki, Toshio Watanabe, and Satoshi Kagiwada. "Human VAPA and the yeast VAP Scs2p with an altered proline distribution can phenocopy amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated VAPB(P56S)." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 404, no. 2 (January 2011): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.011.

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Dorsch, Anna D., Julia E. Hölper, Kati Franzke, Luca M. Zaeck, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, and Barbara G. Klupp. "Role of Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein-Associated Proteins (VAP) A and VAPB in Nuclear Egress of the Alphaherpesvirus Pseudorabies Virus." Viruses 13, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061117.

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The molecular mechanism affecting translocation of newly synthesized herpesvirus nucleocapsids from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is still not fully understood. The viral nuclear egress complex (NEC) mediates budding at and scission from the inner nuclear membrane, but the NEC is not sufficient for efficient fusion of the primary virion envelope with the outer nuclear membrane. Since no other viral protein was found to be essential for this process, it was suggested that a cellular machinery is recruited by viral proteins. However, knowledge on fusion mechanisms involving the nuclear membranes is rare. Recently, vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB) was shown to play a role in nuclear egress of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). To test this for the related alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV), we mutated genes encoding VAPB and VAPA by CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in our standard rabbit kidney cells (RK13), either individually or in combination. Single as well as double knockout cells were tested for virus propagation and for defects in nuclear egress. However, no deficiency in virus replication nor any effect on nuclear egress was obvious suggesting that VAPB and VAPA do not play a significant role in this process during PrV infection in RK13 cells.

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Geerds, Christina, Albert Haas, and Hartmut H. Niemann. "Conformational changes of loops highlight a potential binding site in Rhodococcus equi VapB." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 77, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x2100738x.

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Virulence-associated proteins (Vaps) contribute to the virulence of the pathogen Rhodococcus equi, but their mode of action has remained elusive. All Vaps share a conserved core of about 105 amino acids that folds into a compact eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel with a unique topology. At the top of the barrel, four loops connect the eight β-strands. Previous Vap structures did not show concave surfaces that might serve as a ligand-binding site. Here, the structure of VapB in a new crystal form was determined at 1.71 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit contains two molecules. In one of them, the loop regions at the top of the barrel adopt a different conformation from other Vap structures. An outward movement of the loops results in the formation of a hydrophobic cavity that might act as a ligand-binding site. This lends further support to the hypothesis that the structural similarity between Vaps and avidins suggests a potential binding function for Vaps.

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Elkoumy, Ahmed, John Jose, Christian J. Terkelsen, Henrik Nissen, Sengottuvelu Gunasekaran, Mahmoud Abdelshafy, Ashok Seth, et al. "Safety and Efficacy of Myval Implantation in Patients with Severe Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis—A Multicenter Real-World Experience." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020443.

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Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common valvular congenital anomaly and is apparent in nearly 50% of candidates for AV replacement. While transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a recommended treatment for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) at all surgical risk levels, experience with TAVI in severe bicuspid AS is limited. TAVI in BAV is still a challenge due to its association with multiple and complex anatomical considerations. A retrospective study has been conducted to investigate TAVI’s procedural and 30-day outcomes using the Myval transcatheter heart valve (THV) (Meril Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. Vapi, Gujarat, India) in patients with severe bicuspid AS. Data were collected on 68 patients with severe bicuspid AS who underwent TAVI with the Myval THV. Baseline characteristics, procedural, 30-day echocardiographic and clinical outcomes were collected. The mean age and STS PROM score were 72.6 ± 9.4 and 3.54 ± 2.1. Procedures were performed via the transfemoral route in 98.5%. Major vascular complications (1.5%) and life-threatening bleeding (1.5%) occurred infrequently. No patient had coronary obstruction, second valve implantation or conversion to surgery. On 30-day echocardiography, the mean transvalvular gradient and effective orifice area were 9.8 ± 4.5 mmHg and 1.8 ± 0.4 cm2, respectively. None/trace aortic regurgitation occurred in 76.5%, mild AR in 20.5% and moderate AR in 3%. The permanent pacemaker implantation rate was 8.5% and 30-day all-cause death occurred in 3.0% of cases. TAVI with the Myval THV in selected BAV anatomy is associated with favorable short-term hemodynamic and clinical outcomes.

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Rodrï¿½guez-Lï¿½zaro, David, Deborah A. Lewis, Alain A. Ocampo-Sosa, Ursula Fogarty, Lï¿½szlï¿½ Makrai, Jesï¿½s Navas, Mariela Scortti, Marta Hernï¿½ndez, and Josï¿½ A. Vï¿½zquez-Boland. "Internally Controlled Real-Time PCR Method for Quantitative Species-Specific Detection and vapA Genotyping of Rhodococcus equi." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 6 (June 2006): 4256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02706-05.

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ABSTRACT We developed a novel quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) method for the soil actinomycete Rhodococcus equi, an important horse pathogen and emerging human pathogen. Species-specific quantification was achieved by targeting the chromosomal monocopy gene choE, universally conserved in R. equi. The choE Q-PCR included an internal amplification control (IAC) for identification of false negatives. A second Q-PCR targeted the virulence plasmid gene vapA, carried by most horse isolates but infrequently found in isolates from other sources. The choE-IAC and vapA assays were 100% sensitive and specific as determined using 178 R. equi isolates, 77 nontarget bacteria, and a panel of 60 R. equi isolates with known vapA + and vapA-negative (including vapB +) plasmid genotypes. The vapA + frequency among isolate types was as follows: horse, 85%; human, 20%; bovine and pig, 0%; others, 27%. The choE-IAC Q-PCR could detect up to one genome equivalent using R. equi DNA or 100 bacteria/ml using DNA extracted from artificially contaminated horse bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Quantification was linear over a 6-log dynamic range down to ≈10 target molecules (or 1,000 CFU/ml BAL fluid) with PCR efficiency E of >0.94. The vapA assay had similar performance but appeared unsuitable for accurate (vapA +) R. equi quantification due to variability in target gene or plasmid copy number (1 to 9). The dual-reaction Q-PCR system here reported offers a useful tool to both medical and veterinary diagnostic laboratories for the quantitative detection of R. equi and (optional) vapA + “horse-pathogenic” genotype determination.

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Journal articles on the topic 'VAPI'

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