Journal articles: 'Vancouver Five'

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Pamplin, Donald J., Peter S. Hatfield, and Robert G. Allan. "The Planning, Design, and Construction of Fast Response Fireboats for the Port of Vancouver." Marine Technology and SNAME News 32, no. 02 (April 1, 1995): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1995.32.2.109.

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In February 1993, the last of five fast response fireboats was delivered by Celtic Shipyards (1988) Ltd. to serve the Port of Vancouver. This marked the culmination of a lengthy and sometimes tedious process during which five municipal governments and the federally controlled Vancouver Port Corporation agreed on a shared responsibility in the provision of waterborne fire protection to Vancouver Harbour. This paper describes the genesis of the five new vessels, from planning, to concept definition, to detail design, through construction and testing. The paper is divided into parts representing the chronological development of the vessels, each part authored by the person whose organization was responsible for the particular phase of the project.

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Powell-Bowns, M. F. R., E. Oag, D. Martin, M. Moran, and C. E. H. Scott. "FIVE-YEAR SURVIVAL OF VANCOUVER B FRACTURES AROUND A CEMENTED POLISHED TAPERED STEM TREATED WITH FIXATION." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_5 (March 13, 2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.5.007.

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The aim of the study was to report the survival of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of Vancouver B fractures associated with the Exeter Stem (ES) at a minimum of 5 years.This retrospective cohort study assessed 129 consecutive patients with Vancouver B type fractures treated with ORIF from 2008-2016 at a minimum of 5 years. Patient records were examined, and the following recorded: details of primary prosthesis, details of injury, Vancouver classification, details of operative management, complications, and requirement for reoperation. Data was analysed using SPSS. Survival analysis was undertaken using the endpoint ‘reoperation for any reason’.Mean age at fracture was 78.2 (SD10.6, 46-96) and 54 (43%) were female. Vancouver subclassifications were: 24% B1, 70.5% B2 and 5.5% B3. For all Vancouver B fractures, Kaplan Meier analysis demonstrated a 5 year survival free from reoperation of 88.8% (82.0-94.7 95%CI). Fourteen patients required reoperation, most commonly within the first year for non-union and plate fracture (5.4%). Five-year survival for any reoperation differed significantly according to fracture type (p=0.016) and was worst in B1s: B1 76.6% (61.3-91.9); B2 92.6% 986.9-98.3); and 100% of B3. Univariate analysis identified B1 type (p=0.008) and a transverse fracture pattern (p=0.003) to be significantly associated with the need for reoperation.Adopting a strategy of fixation of all Vancouver B fractures involving the ES where the fracture was anatomically reducible and the bone cement interface was well-fixed was associated with a 5 year survival, free from reoperation of 88.8%.

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Forward, Charles N. "The Development of Canada's Five Leading National Ports." Urban History Review 10, no. 3 (October 30, 2013): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019078ar.

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The east coast ports of Montreal, Quebec, Saint John and Halifax, together with Vancouver on the west coast, have functioned as Canada's leading general cargo ports throughout much of the nation's history. Both competitive and complementary relationships have existed between them at various times, and the relative importance of each port has fluctuated in response to changes in transport technology and trading patterns. Before Confederation, Quebec was the leading port, but it soon lost this leadership to Montreal, as the steamship displaced the sailing vessel and the St. Lawrence Ship Channel was widened and deepened. Montreal dominated Canada's shipping trade for many decades until the recent rise of Vancouver finally overshadowed it. During their lengthy history all five ports have managed to survive periods of adversity and maintain their importance and respective roles in the nation's shipping trade, despite the appearance of many new competitors.

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Gilbert, Reid. "Festival Vancouver: An Ambitious New Summer Series Debuts in Vancouver." Canadian Theatre Review 105 (January 2001): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.105.011.

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August 2000 saw the debut of the ambitious new Festival Vancouver. Ninety concerts and three operas (five of these world premieres) filled seventeen days, each day packed with a weekday noon-hour concert in the Alcon Beethoven Plus Series, a 5:00 p.m. choral series called Choral Connections, a major evening performance in the F.R. Graham Main Stage Series or an opera and a more intimate show in the 11:00 p.m. Late-Night Series. Weekends added a group of concerts at UBC’s First Nations Longhouse; Hallelujah Handel!, a musical theatre production for children; and a four-concert collection at the Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden. As well, in a special day-long project, the Complete Cycle of String Quartets by R. Murray Schafer were performed by the Molinari, the Penderecki and the St. Lawrence quartets at the Chan Centre.

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Mason, Michael. "Collaborative Partnerships for Urban Development: A Study of the Vancouver Agreement." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 10 (October 2007): 2366–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38263.

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Collaborative partnerships—featuring intergovernmental and/or public–private sector cooperation—have been identified as a leading organisational expression of the ‘new urban governance’. The paper examines the Vancouver Agreement—an urban development compact between the governments of Canada, British Columbia, and the City of Vancouver. Signed in March 2000 for a five-year term, and renewed in April 2005, the Vancouver Agreement has been widely acclaimed as an example of successful collaborative working, addressed to the revitalisation of the city's Downtown Eastside. The origins of the agreement are explained in the context of an urban crisis in the Downtown Eastside, where established policies were seen to be failing. High-level political support for a new governance approach led to the adoption of an urban development partnership, and the paper sets out its structure and strategic programmes of action. Benchmarked against conditions for effective intergovernmental working posited in the public administration literature, the paper then analyses five procedural attributes of the partnership: resource sharing, leadership, community involvement, mutual learning, and horizontal accountability. Concluding observations are offered on the long-term prospects for the Vancouver Agreement.

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McKey-Fender, Dorothy, William M. Fender, and Valin G. Marshall. "North American earthworms native to Vancouver Island and the Olympic Peninsula." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-176.

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The following native earthworms from the spruce-hemlock forest region of western North America are described: Lumbricidae: Bimastos lawrenceae Fender, n.sp. from Vancouver Island; Megascolecidae: five new species of Arctiostrotus McKey-Fender, 1982, including A. vancouverensis McKey-Fender, n.sp. from Vancouver Island and the Olympic Peninsula, A. pluvialis McKey-Fender, n.sp. and A. adunatus McKey-Fender, n.sp. from the Olympic Peninsula, A. fontinalis McKey-Fender, n.sp. from northwestern Oregon and western Washington, and A. johnsoni McKey-Fender, n.sp. from western Washington. The known species A. perrieri (Benham, 1892) and A. altmani (Gates, 1942) are redescribed, as is the Vancouver Island population of Toutellus oregonensis (Smith, 1937). Ecology, biology, and references to some associated biota and a key are included.

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Page, Malcolm. "Vancouver Notes from the Fringe / 2." Canadian Theatre Review 51 (June 1987): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.51.012.

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I was running along Main Street late on a September evening. I was clutching a dozen handbills. I was short of food and sleep. I had too little time to cover the six blocks from the Anza Club to the Brunhanski Studio by 11. Suddenly I identified a feeling I had experienced previously only at Edinburgh Festival Fringe, not so much a runner’s high as a theatre-buff’s buzz. This comes from seeing four or five shows in quick succession, in varied spaces, each an unknown – possibly a waste of time, perhaps a pleasant surprise.

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Roberts, Christine, Oluna Ceska, Paul Kroeger, and Bryce Kendrick. "Macrofungi from six habitats over five years in Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1518–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-114.

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Over 5 years, macrofungi from six habitats in Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, were documented. Habitats were categorized as dune, spruce fringe, old-growth rainforest, second-growth forest, bog, or estuarine. All but the second-growth forest are natural ecosystems. A total of 551 taxa of macrofungi were recorded. Between 17% and 36% of the species in any one habitat were found only in that habitat. The most frequently encountered and ubiquitous species was Craterellus tubaeformis (Fr.) Quel., found in all years, habitats, and sites. Of the 551 taxa, only 28 were found every year, and 308 were found in only 1 year. Rare species that were recorded include Cordyceps ravenelii Berkeley & Curtis, Hygrophorus inocybiformis Smith, and Tricholoma apium Schaeffer in the dunes and Stereopsis humphreyi (Burt) Redhead in the spruce fringe. Similarities between habitats based on taxa in common showed that bog and estuarine habitats had only 9%17% in common with each other and the other habitats, whereas dune, spruce fringe, and the two forest types shared 21%31% of their species. Old-growth rainforest yielded approximately 4 times as many species as bog and estuarine habitats, and approximately 1.5 times as many as the other three habitats.Key words: Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island, macrofungi, habitats, biodiversity.

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Johnston, Denis. "Directors in Vancouver: The New Community." Canadian Theatre Review 76 (September 1993): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.76.006.

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As far as stage directors are concerned, the community in Vancouver is comprised of a few mainstream theatres, a couple of layers of alternative companies, and some individual artists. Among the alternative theatres are several artistic directors whose body of work has drawn a good deal of attention here. Since these directors run their own companies, and sometimes their own spaces too, they probably have more latitude in play selection than either free-lance directors or mainstream companies. The kinds of plays they choose, in turn, largely determine their role in the theatre community. Despite their broad impact on theatre locally, however, these directors are not well known outside Vancouver. This article is intended to introduce you to five of them.

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Black, Jennifer L., and Darlene Seto. "Examining Patterns of Food Bank Use Over Twenty-Five Years in Vancouver, Canada." VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 31, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 853–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-018-0039-2.

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Abstract Food banks have grown substantially in Canada since the 1980s but little is known about patterns or predictors of engagement including frequency or duration of service use. This study examined food bank program data from a large food bank organization in Vancouver, Canada, finding that between January 1992 and June 2017, at least 116,963 individuals made over 2 million food bank visits. The majority of members were engaged for a short time and came for relatively few visits, but 9% of members engaged in longer-term episodic or ongoing usage over several years, accounting for 65% of all visits. Results from cluster and regression analyses found that documented health and mobility challenges, larger household size, primary income source, and older age were predictors of higher frequency and duration of service usage. Findings add to growing critical examinations of the “emergency food system” highlighting the need for better understanding of the broader social policies influencing food bank use.

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Stone, Jeff N., Andy MacKinnon, John V. Parminter, and Ken P. Lertzman. "Coarse woody debris decomposition documented over 65 years on southern Vancouver Island." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-047.

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In 1929-1930, Stig Schenström and J.D. Curtis established an experiment to study thinning dynamics of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. As a subcomponent of the experiment, the coarse woody debris (CWD) from the previous stand were mapped and the decay condition classified on five permanent plots. These scaled drawings and classifications were updated in 1945-1947 and 1995-1996. This unique 65-year period of CWD observation confirms that observations of CWD volume loss on Vancouver Island are similar to elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest. The simple exponential decay rate constant was 0.022 ·year-1 based on volume of primarily Douglas-fir on the five plots. The decay rate constant by large-end diameter was 0.067 ·year-1 for logs <= 20 cm, 0.056 ·year-1 for 21-40 cm, 0.021 ·year-1 for 41-80 cm, and 0.012 ·year-1 for logs > 80 cm.

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Webster, John, and Pavel Kindlmann. "Steinernema affine (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new record for North America and its distribution relative to other entomopathogenic nematodes in British Columbia." Nematology 7, no. 4 (2005): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854105774384714.

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AbstractRandomly selected ecosystems in the coastal Greater Vancouver, Fraser valley and southern Vancouver Island regions, and in the interior Okanagan region of British Columbia, were sampled for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). Of 133 soil samples, 23 contained EPN (18 with steinernematids and five with heterorhabditids). Three identified species and one unidentified species were found. Steinernema affine and S. kraussei occurred in most EPN positive locations in the coastal regions sampled. Steinernema affine was found in open habitats and S. kraussei in all types of tree habitats. Steinernema feltiae was found in only one location, White Rock, in the Greater Vancouver region, close to an ocean beach. Heterorhabditis megidis occurred in only the drier Okanagan valley region of central, southern British Columbia, which has a more extreme climate than the moist, moderate climate of the coastal region. It occurred mostly in agricultural land represented by orchards, vineyards, and secondary woodland. In field baiting and laboratory experiments S. affine appeared to be a more successful parasite than S. kraussei.

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Yogi, Lokesh Kumar, Vijay Chandrakant Shinde, Moti Janardhan Naik, and Vikash Kumar. "Management of periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip replacement; A Case Series." Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (2022): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jcorth.2022.v07i01.485.

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Background: Periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty (THA) are not very uncommon. At present the Vancouver classification provides management algorithm for deciding treatment options but treatment options may vary between surgeons, where as in this study most patients managed were according to Vancouver classification management algorithm. The most common treatment modality for treating periprosthetic femoral fractures around a well-fixed stem is with osteosynthesis, but fracture with loose stem requires revision arthroplasty and fracture with poor bone requires bone graft augmentation. Methods: We reviewed 21 consecutive cases with periprosthetic femoral fractures in association with THA between June 2018 and December 2020. Locking and non locking compression plates, wires, cables system were used for osteosynthesis. Most of fractures were managed according to Vancouver classification management algorithm but modified in some cases according to the surgeon’s skills and judgment. Results: According to Vancouver classification, two patients had AL fractures, two patients had AG fractures, twelve Patients had B1, five patients had B2, two patients had B3 and one patient had type C fracture. Of these two cases were treated by conservatively, sixteen cases were treated by osteosynthesis, three cases by revision arthroplasty. Conclusion: The careful analysis of implant stability and fracture patterns is crucial for the optimal treatment of Periprosthetic femoral fractures. Expert Surgeon’s skills are needed to deal with periprosthetic femoral fractures.

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Dingemans, Alexander Johannes Martinus, Carlos Albert Reck-Burneo, Molly Fuchs, Alejandra Vilanova Sanchez, Victoria Alison Lane, Erin Hoover, Tassiana Maloof, Laura Weaver, Marc A. Levitt, and Richard J. Wood. "Urinary Outcomes in Patients with Down's Syndrome and Hirschsprung's Disease." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 29, no. 04 (June 17, 2018): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660509.

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Introduction Previous research in children with Hirschsprung's disease (HD) and Down's syndrome (DS) has focused on colorectal outcomes. We set out to review urinary outcomes in this patient group. Materials and Methods The medical records of all patients aged five years and older with HD were reviewed, and patients and caregivers filled out the Vancouver Symptom Score at intake, which is designed and validated to diagnose dysfunctional elimination syndrome. Results A total of 104 patients with HD were included in this study. Of these, 16 (15%) patients had DS. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of enterocolitis or colorectal symptoms between patients with or without DS. Five of 88 (6%) patients without DS and 7 of 16 (44%) (p = 0.00001) with DS reported having urinary accidents. Patients with HD and DS scored higher on the Vancouver score (9 vs. 17.5; p = 0.007), indicating more severe urinary symptoms. Patients who also reported fecal accidents scored significantly higher on the Vancouver (12 vs. 9; n = 61; p = 0.016), indicating more problems. Conclusion Patients with DS appear to be a unique subset of HD patients who have a higher prevalence of urinary symptoms after surgery. In the postoperative care of patients with HD and DS, a strong focus should be placed on postoperative urinary care in addition to their bowel care. This could significantly ease care and contribute to the quality of life of the parents and the patient.

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Thomas, William K., and Andrew T. Beckenbach. "Mitochondrial DNA restriction site variation in the Townsend's vole, Microtus townsendii." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 2750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-399.

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The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the Townsend's vole, Microtus townsendii, was compared with mouse mtDNA by positioning vole restriction enzyme fragments on the known laboratory mouse mtDNA molecule by homology hybridization. The vole mitochondrial genome is conserved in general sequence organization and size but does contain a nonhomologous region of more than 600 base pairs not found in the mouse sequence. Thirty-five voles were collected from seven different localities throughout the range of the species, including insular populations on Bowen and Vancouver islands. The variation of vole mtDNA sequences within this species was assayed with six hexameric and four tetrameric type II restriction endonucleases. These individuals can be divided into seven distinct maternal lines. The level of nucleotide substitution between populations is shown to be as high as 0.896 ± 0.350%. The voles from Bowen Island showed no detectable variation within their population, or divergence from a mainland population on the adjacent coast. This fact suggests a recent colonization of Bowen Island. The samples from Vancouver Island fall into two major maternal lines, which show 0.453 ± 0.240% divergence. These insular maternal lines are 0.677 ± 0.257% divergent from the most closely related mainland population. These results suggest that the voles on Vancouver Island represent long-established maternal lines, and are not derived by a recent colonization from a mainland source population. Based on conservative estimates for rates of nucleotide substitution, Vancouver Island has been inhabited by the Townsend's vole since at least the Olympic interglacial.

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Insell, Celeste. "Defining an Aesthetic: African Canadian Playwrights in Vancouver." Canadian Theatre Review 83 (June 1995): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.83.010.

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Concepts of beauty for the African diaspora can be traced back to the aesthetic and spiritual beliefs of various ethnic groups in Africa which were amalgamated over the five hundred years in which the diaspora was scattered. Today, these cultural values remain rooted in the approach that people of African heritage take in the practice of various art forms. The concept of beauty united to the spirit is central to the aesthetics of West Africa – objects of beauty possess a spiritual as well as external beauty, with even the concept of beauty differing greatly from that of the European. The Yoruba, Ibo, Kongo, Mande and Hausa, all West African tribes, were the predominant groups brought to North America during the slave trade. The Yoruba and the Kongo were the most influential cultures and their influence has prevailed throughout the centuries.

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Juvara-Balş, Ilinca. "Occigamasus, a new genus of pergamasine mites, with description of two new species from the west coast of North America (Parasitiformes: Gamasina: Parasitidae)." Acarologia 59, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 551–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20194354.

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Occigamasus n. gen., O. lindquisti n. sp. and O. makarovae n. sp. from Vancouver Island (Canada) and Oregon (U.S.A.) are described. Five other new species and their sites are noted but not enough specimens were available for adequate descriptions. Cycetogamasus californicus (Banks) sensu Hennessey and Farrier, 1988 is transferred to Occigamasus as a new combination.

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Laroque, Colin P., and Dan J. Smith. "Radial-growth forecasts for five high-elevation conifer species on Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Forest Ecology and Management 183, no. 1-3 (September 2003): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(03)00110-5.

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Rogers, Ian H., Ian K. Birtwell, and George M. Kruzynski. "Organic Extractables in Municipal Wastewater Vancouver, British Columbia." Water Quality Research Journal 21, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1986.014.

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Abstract Composite five to seven-day sample s of chlorinated and unchlorinated primary-treated municipal wastewater were collected at the Iona Island treatment plant during a 62-day exposure of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). No differences between chlorinated and unchlorinated samp les were detectable and only 9 chlorinated extractables we re identified. Mass spectrometric analysis of sewage and sludge extracts identified 100 base/neutral components and 60 acidic substances. Some major constituent s we re quantified. Fatty acids, petroleum hydrocarbons, aromatic acids and chemical disinfectants we re predominant. Toxic compounds present included chlorophenols, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) and nonylphenols plus nonylphenolethoxylates. Tetrachlorophenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) reached maximum levels of 7.8 and 13.2 μg · L−l respectively. The PAH’s we re heavily concentrated in sludge samples. Nonylphenol was present in wastewater and sludge but the corresponding ethoxylates occurred only in wastewater. PCB’s were detectable only in sludge. Some novel identifications included two substituted monochiorophenol disinfectants and two generic drugs.

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Wood, Merry. "Facilitating Program Evaluation at Greater Vancouver Mental Health Service." Practicing Anthropology 18, no. 4 (September 1, 1996): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.18.4.b0rr458x82711277.

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After consulting for eighteen years in the field of multicultural health, I "retired" in 1993 to a nine-to-five job as Research Officer with Greater Vancouver Mental Health Service (GVMHS). My initial responsibility was to develop a model of program self-evaluation for use by GVMHS staff. Below, I describe how I came to understand the organization, how staff came to understand my role, what process was followed to arrive at a model of evaluation, and, finally, the nature of the model developed. The approach I have taken to this work is similar in several ways to the process of anthropological field work.

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Kathman, R. Deedee. "Eutardigrada from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, including a description of Platicrista cheleusis n.sp." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1880–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-268.

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Thirty-one species of eutardigrades were collected on five mountains on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, during July 1986 and July 1987. Three of the species found were new to science, including 1 species, Platicrista cheleusis n.sp., described herein and 2 species described elsewhere, and 21 others are new to British Columbia; 13 of these are also new to Canada.

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Wu, Mingling R., Bradley J. Snyder, Ruping Mo, Alex J. Cannon, and Paul I. Joe. "Classification and Conceptual Models for Heavy Snowfall Events over East Vancouver Island of British Columbia, Canada." Weather and Forecasting 28, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 1219–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-12-00100.1.

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Abstract The East Vancouver Island region on the west coast of Canada is prone to heavy snow in winter due to its unique geographical setting, which involves complicated interactions among the atmosphere, ocean, and local topography. The challenge for operational meteorologists is to distinguish a weather system that produces extreme snow amounts from one that produces modest amounts in this region. In this study, subjective, objective, and hybrid classification techniques are used to analyze the characteristics of 81 snowstorms observed in this region over a 10-yr period (2000–09). It is demonstrated that there are four principal weather patterns (occluded front, lee low, warm advection, and convective storm) conducive to heavy snow in East Vancouver Island. The occluded front pattern is the most ubiquitous for producing snow events, while the lee low pattern is the most extreme snow producer that poses the biggest forecast challenge. Based on the identified weather patterns and a further investigation of five key weather ingredients, four conceptual models are developed to illustrate the meteorological processes leading to significant snowfalls in East Vancouver Island. These conceptual models have the potential to help meteorologists better understand and identify weather systems that would produce heavy snowfalls in this region and, therefore, improve forecasting and warning performance.

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Fitzgerald, Brendan, Ilana Danzig, Ross Jardine, and Mehrdad Jahangiri. "Terminus, Vancouver Island: solving a mass timber challenge in a seismic region." Structural Engineer 100, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/bozx8886.

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Brenner, Gabrielle A., Louis Jacques Filion, Teresa V. Menzies, and Lionel Dionne. "Problems encountered by ethnic entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis across five ethnic groups." New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-09-02-2006-b003.

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Despite growing interest in the difficulties encountered by ethnic entrepreneurs, very little research has yet been done on the subject. This article attempts to fill the gap. A total of 715 Chinese, Italian, Indian/Sikh, Jewish, and Vietnamese entrepreneurs from Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver were surveyed for the research. The results show that ethnic businesses tend to face the same problems as other businesses, which consequently does not appear to justify the development of support programs specifically for ethnic entrepreneurs. However, this study of established businesses does not consider failed or nascent businesses, which may have experienced additional problems. Further research is required to examine these issues. Also, given the unique social and business dynamics that exist within the ethnic communities studied, support programs should be directed through the networks of these communities.

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Miranda-Moreno, Luis F., Thomas Nosal, Robert J. Schneider, and Frank Proulx. "Classification of Bicycle Traffic Patterns in Five North American Cities." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2339, no. 1 (January 2013): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2339-08.

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This study used a unique database of long-term bicycle counts from 38 locations in five North American cities and along the Route Verte in Quebec, Canada, to analyze bicycle ridership patterns. The cities in the study were Montreal, Quebec; Ottawa, Ontario; and Vancouver, British Columbia, in Canada and Portland, Oregon, and San Francisco, California, in the United States. Count data showed that the bicycle volume patterns at each location could be classified as utilitarian, mixed utilitarian, mixed recreational, and recreational. Study locations classified by these categories were found to have consistent hourly and weekly traffic patterns across cities, despite considerable differences between the cities in their weather, size, and urban form. Seasonal patterns across the four categories and in the cities also were identified. Expansion factors for each classification are presented by hour and day of the week. Monthly expansion factors are presented for each city. Finally, traffic volume characteristics are presented for comparison purposes.

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Douglas, George W., and Michael Ryan. "Conservation Evaluation of the Seaside Birds-foot Trefoil, Lotus formosissimus, in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i2.279.

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In Canada, Seaside Birds-foot Trefoil, Lotus formosissimus, is restricted to the Victoria area on southeastern Vancouver Island and two adjacent islands. Populations at five sites are extant and have been recently inventoried, whereas populations at two or more sites in Victoria are extirpated. Existing populations represent the northern range limits of L. formosissimus. Although known populations are protected to a certain extent from direct habitat destruction, introduced herbaceous species may pose a serious threat to the continued existence of most populations and may prevent the establishment of L. formosissimus at other sites. Fire suppression, grazing, encroachment and low survivorship are also limiting factors.

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Mulder, Kelly A., Alexa R. Ferdinands, Kelly J. Richardson, and Sheila M. Innis. "Sources ofTransand Saturated Fatty Acids: In the Diets of Vancouver Children." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 74, no. 1 (March 2013): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/74.1.2013.7.

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Purpose: Amounts and sources of trans fatty acids (TFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were examined in the diets of children aged five to six years after changes in TFA in Canadian foods.Methods: Dietary intake was assessed for 100 Vancouver children, using three 24-hour recalls during parental interviews. Trans fatty acid and SFA intakes and food sources were determined for each child.Results: The TFA intake was 0.71 ± 0.31% of energy, and 12% of children consumed over 1% of energy from TFA. Saturated fatty acids intakes were 12.5 ± 3.39% of energy, and 81% of the children consumed more than 10% of energy from SFA. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes were 12.0 ± 3.0% and 5.79 ± 2.16% of energy, respectively. Major sources of TFA were dairy products, fast foods, and bakery products. Major sources of SFA were dairy products, processed foods, fast food, and bakery products.Conclusions: The TFA intakes of children aged five to six years have decreased since 2004 to a 95th percentile intake of 1.28% of energy, but more than 80% of children consume over 10% of energy from SFA. Removing TFA from snacks and bakery products would decrease the highest TFA intakes to 1% of energy. This study suggests that increased efforts by industry or educational guidance for parents is required to enable selection of foods lower in TFA, and that greater emphasis is needed on SFA.

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HAMILTON, PAUL B., AMANDA M. SAVOIE, CYNTHIA M. SAYRE, OLIVER SKIBBE, JONAS ZIMMERMANN, and ROGER D. BULL. "Novel Neidium Pfitzer species from western Canada based upon morphology and plastid DNA sequences." Phytotaxa 419, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.419.1.3.

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Five taxa in the genus Neidium, N. iridis, N. beatyi sp. nov., N. vandusenense sp. nov., N. collare sp. nov. and N. lavoieanum sp. nov. are documented from a pond and stream system in the VanDusen Botanical Garden, Vancouver, Canada. Neidium beatyi is a large linear species with multiple longitudinal canals and sagittate apices. The areolae are occluded by finger-like silica extensions on the external surface. This taxon is distinguished from Neidium iridis by the number of longitudinal canals (>5), shape of the valve apices, and smaller size. Neidium vandusenense is broadly linear with distinct rostrate apices. Two-three longitudinal canals are present along each margin. Plastid rbcL sequence data associates this taxon with N. amphigomphus. Neidium collare is an elliptic lanceolate taxon with one longitudinal canal. This taxon is genetically related to N. bisculatum sensu lato, but with a different shape form. Neidium lavoieanum has a valve shape form similar to Neidium potapovae, but is larger and genetically similar to N. productum sensu lato. The five Neidium taxa were observed in a small stream next to Lake Victoria (pond) in the VanDusen Botanical Garden Vancouver, Canada. The water was mildly alkaline with a pH of 7.86, a conductance of 163 µS/cm, higher nutrient loads and low metal content.

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Withler, R. E., T. D. Beacham, R. F. Watkins, and T. A. Stevens. "Identification of Farm-reared and Native Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Using the Nuclear DNA probe B2-2." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, S1 (December 19, 1994): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-313.

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The chinook salmon DNA probe B2-2 was used to distinguish farm-reared (from two commercial farms) and native chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) that were sampled from five populations on the west coast of Vancouver island. The Big Qualicum River population (east coast of Vancouver Island), which is believed to be the main progenitor of domesticated broodstocks used for aquaculture in British Columbia, was also sampled. The presence or absence and integrated optical densities (IODs) of three DNA fragments at 8.3 kilo base pairs (kbp) (band 1), 6.5 kbp (band 2), and 5.6 kbp (band 3) in the hybridization patterns of B2-2 on BamHI-restricted DNA were recorded for 269 chinook salmon. The frequency of occurrence of bands 2 and 3, and all seven measurements made of the relative and absolute values of the IODs of the three bands, varied significantly among populations. The IOD of band 3 provided the best discrimination among populations. The Big Qualicum and two fish farm populations were differentiated from all five west coast native populations. Discriminant analysis and a neural network were used independently to classify correctly to type an average of 97% of the native and 83% of the farm west coast DNA patterns used as test samples.

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Hicock, Stephen R. "Last Interglacial Muir Point Formation, Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Articles 44, no. 3 (December 18, 2007): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032834ar.

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ABSTRACT The Muir Point Formation probably represents the last interglacial and climatic maximum of the Late Pleistocene in southwest British Columbia. It comprises estuarine, floodplain, fluvial, alluvial fan, and debris flow lithofacies. The lower exposed part of the formation is normally magnetized and probably formed during the Brunhes Normal Polarity Chron (<790 ka BP). On the basis of similar polarity, palynology, lithologies, and stratigraphic position, the Muir Point Formation is correlated with the Whidbey Formation of northwest Washington State. It probably also correlates with the Highbury Formation under the Fraser Lowland of mainland British Columbia.These formations may be remnants of shallow marine or subaerial sediment shelves which once rimmed ancestral Strait of Georgia and Puget basins over 100 ka, but were mostly removed by later glaciations. During this time sea level may have been 10 m higher than today. The middle floodplain unit contains five pollen zones whose differences can be explained mainly by shifts in a meandering tidal stream. Throughout most of this record Douglas fir pollen is more abundant than in modern pollen rain around the study sites which indicates that paleoclimate was at least as warm and dry as present.

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Douglas, George W., and Michael Ryan. "Conservation Evaluation of the Prairie Lupine, Lupinus lepidus var. lepidus, in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i2.278.

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In Canada, Prairie Lupine, Lupinus lepidus var. lepidus, is restricted to southeastern Vancouver Island. Of the nine sites where it has been collected, five are extirpated and the status of two of the populations is uncertain. There are two extant populations; some of the other sites may contain the species in the seed bank. Some of the sites are protected to a certain extent from direct habitat destruction by their remote location, although introduced herbaceous species may pose a serious threat by preventing the establishment of the species at other sites. Fire suppression or the lack of other types of disturbance also likely plays a role in discouraging emergence of Lupinus lepidus.

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Qassim, YN, AA Ali, MJ Alfeehan, and WK Albayati. "Double vest lipodermal flaps for depressed facial scars." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 102, no. 8 (October 2020): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2020.0154.

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Introduction Depressed tethered scar is a common problem that can cause emotional, social and behavioural problems, especially when it involves the exposed body parts. Several techniques have been described for treating these depressed scars, but none of these can fulfil the optimal results. Aim Evaluating the aesthetic outcome of using a double vest lipodermal flaps for treating depressed facial scars. Materials and methods The study included 25 patients with depressed facial scars who underwent scar revision. Their mean age was 31 years. Under local anaesthesia, the scarred area was de-epithelialised and double dart lipodermal flaps were used for revision. Visual analogue and Vancouver scar scales were used as subjective and objective parameters of evaluation, respectively. Results All the patients followed up for five to eight months. No complications were observed during the scar healing period. Patients satisfaction according to the visual analogue scale showed an average value of 8. The mean total scale according to the Vancouver scar scale was 2.6. Conclusion The new technique of using double vest lipodermal flaps is simple and offers a promising alternative for revising depressed scars.

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Stant, Phil. "the JSI in Canada: Part 2." Legal Information Management 2, no. 3 (2002): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669600001249.

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Wow! when I opened the letter to find I had won another bursary I could not believe my luck. Five years ago I had gone to the Canadian Law Librarians' Conference in New Brunswick and had had a brilliant time. On this occasion it was the Joint Study Institute of the three law library associations, held at Victoria, Vancouver, British Columbia. Aynsley's report has outlined the highlights of the lectures. I am approaching it from a slightly different and more personal angle.

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Li, Wai-Yee, Alana Poon, Douglas Courtemanche, Cynthia Verchere, Sandra Robertson, Marija Bucevska, Claudia Malic, and Jugpal S. Arneja. "Airway Management in Pierre Robin Sequence: The Vancouver Classification." Plastic Surgery 25, no. 1 (February 2017): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2292550317693814.

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Background: Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and respiratory distress. There is no standard clinical classification used in the management of neonatal airway in patients with PRS. The goal of our study was to review the presentation and management of patients with PRS and formulate a clinical grading system and treatment algorithm. Methods: A 10-year retrospective review of all neonates diagnosed with PRS was performed after obtaining institutional ethics approval. Patients were identified using our cleft lip and palate program database. Inclusion criteria were 2 of the following 3 clinical features—glossoptosis, retrognathia, or airway obstruction. We collected demographic data, clinical information (coexisting airway morbidity, maxillary-mandibular discrepancy, type of intervention used, complications, and outcomes (feeding, length of stay, and airway status) during the first year of life. Results: Sixty-three patients met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 55 (87%) had cleft palate and 17 (27%) were syndromic. Forty-eight (76%) patients were managed by prone positioning. Of the 15 surgically managed patients, the initial procedure was floor of mouth release in 7, mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) in 4, and tongue-lip adhesion in 4. Five patients with coexisting airway morbidity needed a second surgery; 2 had MDO and 3 tracheostomies (one patient was later decannulated). Seven (47%) of the surgically managed patients required a gastrostomy tube. Conclusion: At present, there is no consensus on neonatal airway management in infants with PRS. From our review of 63 patients with PRS, we hereby propose a simple 4-point classification system and treatment algorithm, based on clinical features.

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Kathman, R. Deedee, and Stephen F. Cross. "Ecological distribution of moss-dwelling tardigrades on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-018.

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Replicate samples of tardigrades were collected at six altitudes from five mountains on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, to determine the relationship between species of tardigrades and altitude, and between species of tardigrades and species of mosses in which they were collected. A total of 13 696 tardigrades representing 39 species were collected and identified. Thirty-seven species of mosses were identified. Data were analyzed using principal components analysis and cluster analysis. The results from both multivariate statistical methods indicated that the distribution and abundance of tardigrades were not dependent upon the altitude or moss species.

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Douglas, George W., and Jeanne M. Illingworth. "Conservation Evaluation of the Pacific Population of Tall Woolly-heads, Psilocarphus elatior, an Endangered Herb in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i2.905.

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In Canada, Psilocarphus elatior occurs in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan. This paper examines the status of the Pacific populations located on southeastern Vancouver Island in southwestern British Columbia. The Pacific population consists of 12 recorded sites of which only five have been confirmed since 1993. In British Columbia, P. elatior is associated with dried beds of vernal pools and other open, moist depressions at lower elevations. In British Columbia, P. elatior populations occur in large numbers at only two of the seven locations.

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Feldmann, Rodney M., Carrie E. Schweitzer, and James W. Haggart. "A new erymoid lobster (Decapoda: Glypheidea: Erymidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada, and a summary of Erymoidea from North America." Journal of Crustacean Biology 40, no. 3 (February 21, 2020): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa005.

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Abstract The description of a new species of an erymid lobster, Stenodactylina beardi, from the Upper Cretaceous Haslam Formation of the Nanaimo Group on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, brings to fifteen the number of Erymidae in North America. The species are arrayed within five genera based upon configuration of carapace groove morphology, resulting in two new combinations, Stenodactylina bordenensis (Copeland, 1960) and S. foersteri (Feldmann, 1979). The new species exhibits for the first time a male pleopod and accessory structures within Erymoidea. We also provide a list of the North American species of Erymoidea.

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Gizzi, Marco, Selda Aydin, and Jean-Pascal Machiels. "Tubulocystic Carcinoma of the Kidney with Fatal Outcome in an Adolescent Male." Urologia Internationalis 94, no. 4 (December 16, 2014): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000366287.

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Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma accounts for about 20% of all kidney cancers. Tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney (TCK) is a newly described entity with distinct molecular, genetic and clinical features. In 2013, it was one of five new renal tumors to be recognized by the International Society of Urological Pathology Vancouver Classification of Renal Neoplasia. We describe here a case of TCK with a rare genetic signature, unusual metastases and limited response to an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor in what we believe is the youngest patient on record to date.

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Gerecke, Alana, Michelle Olson, Julie Lebel, Olivia C. Davies, and Lee Su-Feh. "Dancing With Land: An Asynchronous Artist Panel." Performing (in) Place: Moving on/with the Land 7, no. 1-2 (January 20, 2022): 131–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1085317ar.

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In this forum, I bring a set of five questions about dancing with land to five contemporary dance practitioners based in and around the city colonially known as Vancouver, constructed on the unceded and ancestral territories of the xʷməθkʷəjˀəm (Musqueam), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (Squamish), and səl̓ilwətaɁɬ (Tsleil Waututh) First Nations. The artists featured include Michelle Olson of Raven Spirit Dance, Julie Lebel of Foolish Operations, Olivia C. Davies of O.Dela Arts, the OURO Collective, and Lee Su-Feh of battery opera. The questions build on my ongoing research (both academic and artistic) into the politics and kinaesthetics of site- or land-based movement. I seek to spotlight the grounded, refined, and body-based knowledge that dancers and choreographers cultivate in the articulation of their practice.

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Powell-Bowns, Matilda F. R., Erlend Oag, Nathan Ng, Hemant Pandit, Matthew Moran, James T. Patton, Nick D. Clement, and Chloe E. H. Scott. "Vancouver B periprosthetic fractures involving the Exeter cemented stem." Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b2.bjj-2020-0695.r1.

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Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether fixation, as opposed to revision arthroplasty, can be safely used to treat reducible Vancouver B type fractures in association with a cemented collarless polished tapered femoral stem (the Exeter). Methods This retrospective cohort study assessed 152 operatively managed consecutive unilateral Vancouver B fractures involving Exeter stems; 130 were managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and 22 with revision arthroplasty. Mean follow-up was 6.5 years (SD 2.6; 3.2 to 12.1). The primary outcome measure was revision of at least one component. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed. Regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for revision following ORIF. Secondary outcomes included any reoperation, complications, blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Results Fractures (B1 n = 74 (49%); B2 n = 50 (33%); and B3 n = 28 (18%)) occurred at median of 4.2 years (interquartile range (IQR) 1.2 to 9.2) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) (n = 138) or hemiarthroplasty (n = 14). Rates of revision and reoperation were significantly higher following revision arthroplasty compared to ORIF for B2 (p = 0.001) and B3 fractures (p = 0.050). Five-year survival was significantly better following ORIF: 92% (95% confidence interval (CI) 86.4% to 97.4%) versus 63% (95% CI 41.7% to 83.3%), p < 0.001. ORIF was associated with reduced blood transfusion requirement and reoperations, but there were no differences in medical complications, hospital stay, or mortality between surgical groups. No independent predictors of revision following ORIF were identified: where the bone-cement interface was intact, fixation of B2 or B3 fractures was not associated with an increased risk of revision. Conclusion When the bone-cement interface was intact and the fracture was anatomically reducible, all Vancouver B fractures around Exeter stems could be managed with fixation as opposed to revision arthroplasty. Fixation was associated with reduced need for blood transfusion and lower risk of revision surgery compared with revision arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):309–320.

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Mellor, Andrea, and Denise Cloutier. "Becoming Self-in-Relation: Coming of Age as a Pathway towards Wellness for Urban Indigenous Youth in Care." First Peoples Child & Family Review 15, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1080807ar.

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Two workshops were held with urban Indigenous youth who live in foster care on Lekwungen Territory on southern Vancouver Island. The workshops were informed by guidance from community knowledge holders and Elders and explored the meaning of Indigenous coming of age and adolescence with 15 youth through oral, visual, and text-based activities. Following a thematic analysis of the workshop transcripts, five themes emerged: self-continuity; self-awareness; empowerment; being part of something bigger; and support networks. These themes provide evidence that engaging with coming of age teachings and activities are protective to youth wellness and help youth to build strong foundations from which they can learn about their Indigenous ancestry and history in their own time. (Re)connecting to coming of age teachings is part of a broader discourse of (re)writing narratives that celebrate the strength, leadership, and independence of the urban Indigenous youth community. Although the voices shared reflect young community members living in and around southern Vancouver Island, the essence of our key messages are relevant to the broader Indigenous community and those practicing allyship through education, health care, social work, and other areas of influence.

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Corrado, Raymond R., Irwin M. Cohen, William Glackman, and Candice Odgers. "Serious and Violent Young Offenders’ Decisions to Recidivate: An Assessment of Five Sentencing Models." Crime & Delinquency 49, no. 2 (April 2003): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128702251043.

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Five models of sentencing were assessed with respect to their impact on the decisions of young offenders to recidivate. The five sentencing models tested were fairness, deterrence, chronic offender lifestyle, special needs, and procedural rights. A sample of 400 incarcerated young offenders from the Vancouver, British Columbia, metropolitan area were asked questions regarding their attitudes toward these sentencing models and their intentions to recidivate after serving a period of incarceration. Principal components analyses suggested that although these models do not function independently, two composite models do shed some light on the issues that young offenders consider when contemplating their decisions and intentions to recidivate. Despite the ability of these models to predict half of the explained variance in young offenders’ decisions regarding recidivism, a majority of the sample appeared to not be affected exclusively by cost-benefit analysis, punishment, or reintegrative motivations. The authors conclude that without additional variables and even higher predictive validity, it is premature for policy makers to focus on any single model of sentencing in constructing juvenile justice laws.

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Johns, Marjorie J., Christopher R. Barnes, and Y. Roshni Narayan. "Cenozoic ichthyolith biostratigraphy: Tofino Basin, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-102.

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Five new late Eocene Pliocene ichthyolith zones are defined based on indigenous faunal occurrences in strata that outcrop along western Vancouver Island and samples from six offshore Tofino Basin wells. Five new interval zones are each defined based on distinct transported ichthyolith assemblages. Results are correlated within the framework of established Cenozoic west coast and Arctic foraminifer zones and ichthyolith occurrences in deep-sea core samples and Cretaceous Queen Charlotte Group and Nanaimo Group strata of coastal British Columbia. The use of multiple data sets was important to interpret complex active tectonic margin sedimentation and structures. The integrated ichthyolith and foraminifer biostratigraphy allowed an interpretation of well log data and lithology reports. Also, we reassessed previous offshore seismic data, evaluated fossil preservation and thermal alteration, and distinguished transported from indigenous ichthyolith occurrences. These data allowed a reinterpretation of tectonic segments and associated strata of the Pacific Rim and Crescent terranes and the Cascadia Accretionary Complex onshore and offshore Vancouver Island. Tectonically active phases during the Eocene and Oligocene early Miocene resulted in transport of Cretaceous to Eocene ichthyoliths from structural highs to lows, indicating proximity of the Pluto I-87 and Zeus D-14 wells to the Tofino Fault between the Pacific Rim and Crescent terranes and suggesting derivation with coeval Hesquiat Peninsula strata. An unconformity above the Eocene Crescent Formation volcanics in Prometheus H-68 and Zeus D-14 wells is correlated with the Pluto I-87 and Apollo J-14 well stratigraphy. An upper Miocene unconformable surface coincides with accretion and uplift of the Cascadia Accretionary Complex.

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Pendl, F. T., and B. N. D'Anjou. "Survival and growth of four amabilis fir stock types on Vancouver Island." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67147-2.

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Four stock types of amabilis fir (Abies amabilis) planted on Vancouver Island were compared for root growth capacity and field performance. Initial root growth capacity ratings and field performance of the stock types after five years differed significantly. Ranking the stock types by decreasing survival, stem height and diameter: 1 + 1 PBR 211 (89.4%, 78 cm, 15.7 mm), 1 + 0 PSB 313 (79.7%, 73 cm, 13.8 mm), 1 + 0 PSB 211 (76.8%, 66 cm, 12.9 mm) and 2 + 0 BR (58.9%, 59 cm, 11.0 mm). Given current nursery and planting costs and survival rates, the 1 + 0 PSB 313 and 211 are least expensive reforestation options, the 2 + 0 BR and 1 + 1 PBR 211 the most expensive. Root form of samples of each stock type lack well developed tap and lateral roots with root spiralling evident in the styroblock stock. Key words: Amabilis fir, stock types, bareroot, styroblock plugs

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Tong, Catherine E., Joanie Sims Gould, and Heather A. McKay. "Physical Activity Among Foreign-Born Older Adults in Canada: A Mixed-Method Study Conducted in Five Languages." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2017-0105.

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Foreign-born older adults (FBOAs) are at risk for negative health transitions in Canada. Physical activity (PA) enhances health, yet we know very little about the PA habits of FBOAs in Canada. We conducted a mixed-method study in English, Cantonese, Mandarin, Punjabi, and Hindi, with 49 South Asian and Chinese FBOAs in Vancouver, Canada. In total, 49 participants completed surveys; of these 49, 46 wore accelerometers and 18 completed in-depth interviews. Participants’ mean daily step count was 7,876 (women: 8,172, men: 7,164, Chinese: 8,291, and South Asian: 7,196). The bulk of their time is spent in light and sedentary activities. PA is principally acquired through walking for errands and work performed in and around the home. This study challenges the assumption that FBOAs are less active than their nonimmigrant peers and confirms the key role of “nonexercise” and low activity, rather than moderate to vigorous, in older adults’ PA acquisition.

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Robson, Claire, Gloria Gutman, Jen Marchbank, and Kelsey Blair. "Raising Awareness and Addressing Elder Abuse in the LGBT Community: An Intergenerational Arts Project." Language and Literacy 20, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29408.

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This paper reports on a collaborative digital arts project conducted with LGBT youth and seniors in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, funded by the B.C. Council to Reduce Elder Abuse and conducted by faculty members and a doctoral student from Simon Fraser University. In the project, youth and seniors worked together to produce the first Canadian materials on LGBT elder abuse—three digital videos and five informational posters. We report on the methods used to produce and disseminate the materials, and as we reflect on the project’s outcomes, we consider both the challenges and potential of digital literacies in this context.

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Thomson, A. J., R. I. Alfaro, W. J. Bloomberg, and R. B. Smith. "Impact of dwarf mistletoe on the growth of western hemlock trees having different patterns of suppression and release." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-108.

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The impact of dwarf mistletoe on the volume growth of western hemlock was evaluated in trees from five locations on northeast Vancouver Island. Within each area, sampling was designed to minimize the effects of site variability. However, differences in age and in patterns of suppression and release between infection classes were observed in some stands. Growth was corrected for these differences by subtracting the suppression core and by making comparisons at equivalent ages. Volume losses associated with dwarf mistletoe infection were higher than reported in our previous studies in other areas, averaging 23 and 39% with moderate and severe infection levels, respectively.

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Cooper, David. "Theatre changed my life." Canadian Theatre Review 116 (September 2003): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.116.001.

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I was sidetracked into theatre photography twenty-five years ago when I was taking time off from studying architecture at the University of Toronto. I was always interested in the marquee photos outside a theatre, with pictures of the actors in performance, and wondered who took those shots. When I visited the west coast I approached the Vancouver Playhouse to see if they needed any photos taken and was snapped up by Gloria Latham, the head of the children’s theatre division. I found myself in a world of talented people who welcomed me to document their shows despite my lack of training.

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Oulahen, Greg, Linda Mortsch, Kathy Tang, and Deborah Harford. "Unequal Vulnerability to Flood Hazards: “Ground Truthing” a Social Vulnerability Index of Five Municipalities in Metro Vancouver, Canada." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 105, no. 3 (April 3, 2015): 473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1012634.

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Lussier, Patrick, Raymond Corrado, Jay Healey, Stacy Tzoumakis, and Nadine Deslauriers-Varin. "THE CRACOW INSTRUMENT FOR MULTI-PROBLEM VIOLENT YOUTH: EXAMINING THE POSTDICTIVE VALIDITY WITH A SAMPLE OF PRESCHOOLERS." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 2, no. 2.1 (May 12, 2011): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs22.120117709.

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The Cracow is an assessment tool used to identify the risk/need factors in youth at various developmental stages, with the goal of developing individual, familial, and community interventions for violent youth. The Cracow is comprised of three sections measuring the risk/needs of the youth, treatment and intervention options, and externalizing behaviours. The current postdictive validity study of the first section of the Cracow examines the extent to which risk/need factors identify the most physically aggressive preschoolers. The study is based on the first 100 children (boys, n = 58; girls, n = 42) recruited as part of the Vancouver Longitudinal Study on the Psychosocial Development of Children conducted in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A series of latent class analyses (LCA) suggests the presence of three groups of physically aggressive children: a low-, medium-, and high-level group. Subsequent analyses suggest that children in the highly physically aggressive profile were more likely to have risk/need factors in the following five domains: (a) pre/perinatal, (b) socio-economic, (c) family environment, (d) child psychological functioning, and (e) parenting. Findings are discussed in light of the scientific literature on the early prevention of antisocial and aggressive behaviour.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vancouver Five'

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