Academic literature on the topic 'Van Gogh-Like 2 (Vangl2)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Van Gogh-Like 2 (Vangl2)"

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Derish, Ida, Jeremy Lee, Sima Babayeva, and Elena Torban. "Role of Core Planar Cell Polarity Vangl2 Gene in the Renal Tubule Development in Mice." McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 13, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v13i1.30.

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Background: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common kidney disease that affects the development and maintenance of renal tubules, leads to cyst formation, and often progresses to end-stage kidney disease. It has been postulated that defective planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling contributes to initiation of cyst formation in PKD via controlling both convergent extension (CE, a process of directional cell movements) and oriented cell division (OCD, a process of directional cell divisions during tubular elongation post-natally). Indeed, mutations of the key PCP gene, Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2), lead to abnormal renal tubules in murine embryonic kidneys, correlating with the original postulate. Methods: In order to further understand the influence of the Vangl2 gene on renal morphogenesis and cystogenesis, control and Vangl2 mutant embryos—as well as post-natal Vangl2 mice with conditional excision of the Vangl2 gene in renal collecting tubules—were generated, then analyzed using immunostaining and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Our results show that Vangl2 plays a role in CE and apical constriction (AC) during embryonic stage of tubulogenesis. Compared to control animals, mutant Vangl2Δ/Δ and conditional Vangl2Δ/CD embryos displayed: i) a significant dilation in the diameter of renal tubules seen as an increased tubule cross-section area and a larger number of cells per cross-section; and ii) changes in cell shape indicative of defective AC. Surprisingly, post-natal mice showed virtually no difference in any of these aspects comparing to control mice, suggesting that other pathways may compensate for the lack of PCP signaling in maintenance of the tubule architecture. Limitations: a) The analysis of the renal tubules at the specific time points does not account for the dynamics of tubular movement and growth in real time; b) a mechanistic and morphological distinction between mice and humans may exist in the renal collecting duct tubules, pertaining to the Vangl2 gene’s influence in the PCP pathway; and c) the degree of mosaicism resulting from the gene excision by Cre-recombinase may correlate with the severity of the phenotype. Conclusion: We conclude that the PCP pathway is required for normal tubule development during embryogenesis. Our results, however, indicate that the cystogenesis seen in PKD postnatally may not be directly attributed to the disrupted PCP signaling, and requires the derangement of additional pathways.
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Tower-Gilchrist, Cristy, Stephanie A. Zlatic, Dehong Yu, Qing Chang, Hao Wu, Xi Lin, Victor Faundez, and Ping Chen. "Adaptor protein-3 complex is required for Vangl2 trafficking and planar cell polarity of the inner ear." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 18 (August 15, 2019): 2422–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0592.

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Planar cell polarity (PCP) regulates coordinated cellular polarity among neighboring cells to establish a polarity axis parallel to the plane of the tissue. Disruption in PCP results in a range of developmental anomalies and diseases. A key feature of PCP is the polarized and asymmetric localization of several membrane PCP proteins, which is essential to establish the polarity axis to orient cells coordinately. However, the machinery that regulates the asymmetric partition of PCP proteins remains largely unknown. In the present study, we show Van gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) in early and recycling endosomes as made evident by colocalization with diverse endosomal Rab proteins. Vangl2 biochemically interacts with adaptor protein-3 complex (AP-3). Using short hairpin RNA knockdown, we found that Vangl2 subcellular localization was modified in AP-3–depleted cells. Moreover, Vangl2 membrane localization within the cochlea is greatly reduced in AP-3–deficient mocha mice, which exhibit profound hearing loss. In inner ears from AP-3–deficient mocha mice, we observed PCP-dependent phenotypes, such as misorientation and deformation of hair cell stereociliary bundles and disorganization of hair cells characteristic of defects in convergent extension that is driven by PCP. These findings demonstrate a novel role of AP-3–mediated sorting mechanisms in regulating PCP proteins.
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Chen, Haiqi, Dolores D. Mruk, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng. "Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) Protein Vangl2 Regulates Ectoplasmic Specialization Dynamics via Its Effects on Actin Microfilaments in the Testes of Male Rats." Endocrinology 157, no. 5 (March 18, 2016): 2140–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1987.

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Abstract Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins confer polarization of a field of cells (eg, elongating/elongated spermatids) within the plane of an epithelium such as the seminiferous epithelium of the tubule during spermatogenesis. In adult rat testes, Sertoli and germ cells were found to express PCP core proteins (eg, Van Gogh-like 2 [Vangl2]), effectors, ligands, and signaling proteins. Vangl2 expressed predominantly by Sertoli cells was localized at the testis-specific, actin-rich ectoplasmic specialization (ES) at the Sertoli-spermatid interface in the adluminal compartment and also Sertoli-Sertoli interface at the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and structurally interacted with actin, N-cadherin, and another PCP/polarity protein Scribble. Vangl2 knockdown (KD) by RNA interference in Sertoli cells cultured in vitro with an established tight junction-permeability barrier led to BTB tightening, whereas its overexpression using a full-length cDNA construct perturbed the barrier function. These changes were mediated through an alteration on the organization actin microfilaments at the ES in Sertoli cells, involving actin-regulatory proteins, epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8, actin-related protein 3, and Scribble, which in turn affected the function of adhesion protein complexes at the ES during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. Using Polyplus in vivo-jetPEI reagent as a transfection medium to silence Vangl2 in the testis in vivo by RNA interference with high efficacy, Vangl2 KD led to changes in F-actin organization at the ES in the epithelium, impeding spermatid and phagosome transport and spermatid polarity, meiosis, and BTB dynamics. For instance, step 19 spermatids remained embedded in the epithelium alongside with step 9 and 10 spermatids in stages IX-X tubules. In summary, the PCP protein Vangl2 is an ES regulator through its effects on actin microfilaments in the testis.
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Li, Linxi, Ying Gao, Haiqi Chen, Tito Jesus, Elizabeth Tang, Nan Li, Qingquan Lian, Ren-shan Ge, and C. Yan Cheng. "Cell polarity, cell adhesion, and spermatogenesis: role of cytoskeletons." F1000Research 6 (August 25, 2017): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11421.1.

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In the rat testis, studies have shown that cell polarity, in particular spermatid polarity, to support spermatogenesis is conferred by the coordinated efforts of the Par-, Crumbs-, and Scribble-based polarity complexes in the seminiferous epithelium. Furthermore, planar cell polarity (PCP) is conferred by PCP proteins such as Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) in the testis. On the other hand, cell junctions at the Sertoli cell–spermatid (steps 8–19) interface are exclusively supported by adhesion protein complexes (for example, α6β1-integrin-laminin-α3,β3,γ3 and nectin-3-afadin) at the actin-rich apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) since the apical ES is the only anchoring device in step 8–19 spermatids. For cell junctions at the Sertoli cell–cell interface, they are supported by adhesion complexes at the actin-based basal ES (for example, N-cadherin-β-catenin and nectin-2-afadin), tight junction (occludin-ZO-1 and claudin 11-ZO-1), and gap junction (connexin 43-plakophilin-2) and also intermediate filament-based desmosome (for example, desmoglein-2-desmocollin-2). In short, the testis-specific actin-rich anchoring device known as ES is crucial to support spermatid and Sertoli cell adhesion. Accumulating evidence has shown that the Par-, Crumbs-, and Scribble-based polarity complexes and the PCP Vangl2 are working in concert with actin- or microtubule-based cytoskeletons (or both) and these polarity (or PCP) protein complexes exert their effects through changes in the organization of the cytoskeletal elements across the seminiferous epithelium of adult rat testes. As such, there is an intimate relationship between cell polarity, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal function in the testis. Herein, we critically evaluate these recent findings based on studies on different animal models. We also suggest some crucial future studies to be performed.
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Yang, XiaoYong, and Benjamin N. R. Cheyette. "SEC14 and Spectrin Domains 1 (Sestd1) and Dapper Antagonist of Catenin 1 (Dact1) Scaffold Proteins Cooperatively Regulate the Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) Four-pass Transmembrane Protein and Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) Pathway during Embryonic Development in Mice." Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, no. 28 (May 21, 2013): 20111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.465427.

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Piazzi, G., M. Selgrad, M. Garcia, C. Ceccarelli, L. Fini, P. Bianchi, L. Laghi, et al. "Van-Gogh-like 2 antagonises the canonical WNT pathway and is methylated in colorectal cancers." British Journal of Cancer 108, no. 8 (April 2013): 1750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.142.

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vandenBerg, A. L., and D. A. Sassoon. "Non-canonical Wnt signaling regulates cell polarity in female reproductive tract development via van gogh-like 2." Development 136, no. 9 (April 10, 2009): 1559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.034066.

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Fieberg, Jeffrey E., Per Knutås, Kurt Hostettler, and Gregory D. Smith. "“Paintings Fade Like Flowers”: Pigment Analysis and Digital Reconstruction of a Faded Pink Lake Pigment in Vincent van Gogh’s Undergrowth with Two Figures." Applied Spectroscopy 71, no. 5 (March 31, 2017): 794–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702816685097.

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Color fading in Vincent van Gogh’s Undergrowth with Two Figures was studied chemically to facilitate the creation of a digital reconstruction of fugitive colors . The painting contains a field of white, green, orange, and yellow flowers under a canopy of poplar trees with two central figures—a man and a woman, arms entwined. From Van Gogh’s letters, however, it is known that he painted the picture with some pink flowers, which appear to have altered, presumably to white. Raman spectroscopy was applied to microsamples of paint to identify the faded pigment as geranium lake, which in this painting consists of the dye, eosin (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromofluorescein). For the first time, lead(II) sulfate has been specifically identified as the likely inorganic substrate for a geranium lake used by Van Gogh in the last months of his life. Microfocus X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) spectroscopy was subsequently used in situ to analyze the white flowers to identify bromine as a proxy for eosin, thus indicating an original pink coloration. Of the 387 white flowers analyzed, 37.7% contained measurable bromine and were, therefore, originally pink. Several cross-sections from these formerly pink areas were assessed using a combination of visual inspection and microcolorimetry to create a colored mask in Adobe Photoshop to digitally reconstruct a suggestion of the original appearance of the painting with regard to the faded flowers. Additionally, microfadeometry was undertaken for the first time on a painting cross-section sample to understand the actual fading kinetics of the underlying bright pink geranium lake used by Van Gogh. A combination of Raman microspectroscopy, MXRF, and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were utilized in situ and on paint microsamples to identify the complete palette used to create Undergrowth with Two Figures.
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Piazzi, Giulia, Michael Selgrad, Melissa Garcia, Claudio Ceccarelli, Filomena d'Orio, Lucia Fini, Paolo Bianchi, et al. "Epigenetic Modification of the Planar Cell Polarity/Non Canonical Wnt Gene Van-Gogh Like 2 in Colorectal Cancer." Gastroenterology 140, no. 5 (May 2011): S—191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(11)60770-1.

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Cantrell, V. Ashley, and Jason R. Jessen. "The planar cell polarity protein Van Gogh-Like 2 regulates tumor cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase-dependent invasion." Cancer Letters 287, no. 1 (January 2010): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2009.05.041.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Van Gogh-Like 2 (Vangl2)"

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Boëx, Myriam. "Implication d’une nouvelle voie de signalisation médiée par le complexe MuSK/Vangl2 dans la connectivité neuromusculaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS258.pdf.

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Le contact anatomique et fonctionnel qui s’établit entre la terminaison axonale d’un motoneurone et une région spécialisée de la fibre musculaire striée squelettique est appelé jonction neuromusculaire (JNM). Le développement de la synapse neuromusculaire périphérique implique une communication dynamique via divers processus de signalisation réciproques entre les motoneurones et leurs cibles musculaires. Parmi les facteurs sécrétés qui orchestrent cette coordination trans-synaptique, les morphogènes Wnt constituent des signaux critiques pour la différenciation synaptique, cependant les mécanismes moléculaires qui sous-tendent l’action des Wnt à la JNM des mammifères restent encore largement inconnus et controversés. Mon travail de thèse a porté sur 1) la validation du rôle critique des signalisations Wnt médiées par le récepteur muscle spécifique MuSK in vivo et 2) l’étude de la voie de signalisation Wnt de polarité cellulaire planaire (PCP) dans la mise en place et la maintenance de la JNM des mammifères. Notre équipe a récemment montré qu’un effecteur principal de cette voie PCP, nommé Van Gogh-like protein 2 (Vangl2) est enrichi à la JNM, à la fois dans les compartiments pré- et postsynaptique et que Vangl2 est capable de lier certains ligands Wnt. J’ai montré que la protéine Vangl2 musculaire joue un rôle critique dans le développement et le maintien de l’intégrité de la synapse neuromusculaire en contrôlant le niveau d’activité de la signalisation MuSK. L’ensemble de mes résultats a révélé l’existence d’une nouvelle voie de signalisation Wnt PCP dans le muscle, reposant sur l'interaction Vangl2/MuSK, impliquée dans l’assemblage et l’intégrité postsynaptique
The neuromuscular junction (JNM) is a peripheral synapse formed by the anatomic and functional contact between a motor neuron and a striated skeletal muscle fiber. NMJ development requires a dynamic communication between motor axons and their muscle targets through several reciprocal signaling. Among the limited number of secreted factors that orchestrate this trans-synaptic coordination, the Wnts diffusible cues have emerged as critical signals for synaptic differentiation, yet how Wnt signaling drives NMJ formation and maintenance remain poorly understood and controversial in mammals. In this context, the aims of my PhD project were 1) to validate the functional role of Wnt-MuSK interaction in vivo and 2) to study the Wnt Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway during NMJ assembly and maintenance in mammals. Interestingly, our team showed that Van Gogh-like protein 2 (Vangl2), a core PCP component, is accumulated at developing NMJ, at both pre- and postsynaptic sites. Moreover, Vangl2 interacts with a subset of Wnt morphogens that are secreted at the NMJ suggesting that a Wnt/Vangl2-PCP signaling is involved in NMJ development. By using a set of mutant mice along with a large panel of cell biological and biochemical assays, I found that muscle Vangl2 is critical for NMJ assembly and maintenance, by controlling the level of MuSK signaling activity. Collectively, my results uncover a new Wnt/PCP signaling in the muscle, relying on Vangl2/MuSK interaction that shapes neuromuscular connectivity by regulating postsynaptic assembly and integrity
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Books on the topic "Van Gogh-Like 2 (Vangl2)"

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Strikeland, Jc. Color It Like Van Gogh a Grayscale Coloring Book for Adults Art Book 2: Featuring the Motivational Quotes of Vincent Van Gogh - Art Nouveau Famous Impressionist Fine Art History Activity Book for Stress Relief Artist Edition. Independently Published, 2019.

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