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Academic literature on the topic 'Valves cardiaques – Simulation, Méthodes de'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Valves cardiaques – Simulation, Méthodes de"
Smaldone, Saverio. "Analyse numérique et simulations de problèmes couplés pour le système cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066505.
Full textIn this thesis we present the numerical analysis and the development of parti- tioned algorithms in order to couple the blood dynamics in different cardiovascular compart- ments (3D-3D, 3D-0D). In the first part a fluid-fluid coupled problem is introduced. On the interface between the domains Robin-Robin boundary conditions, derived from the interface Nitsche’s formulation, are considered. We suggest different staggered explicit schemes whose stability is analyzed in the energy norm. Extensive numerical experiments illustrate the accuracy of the methods presented. The second part deals with more realistic cardiovascular applications. First a reduced order model for the heart valves is described. Without dealing with fluid-structure interaction with the blood flow, the valves are replaced by immersed surfaces acting as resistances on the fluid. Numerical simulations show the efficiency and the robustness of this model in the framework of a fluid-fluid interaction scheme. In the end, an ALE formulation is used to solve a fluid model in a moving domain. We show that adding a suitable consistent term, a stable energy inequality can be obtained without considering any Geometric Conservation Laws. The work ends with numerical sim- ulations on blood dynamics in the left ventricle coupled with the blood flowing in the aorta
Corti, Daniele Carlo. "Numerical methods for immersed fluid-structure interaction with enhanced interfacial mass conservation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS176.
Full textThe present thesis is dedicated to the modeling, numerical analysis, and simu- lation of fluid-structure interaction problems involving thin-walled structures immersed in incompressible viscous fluid. The underlying motivation behind this work is the simulation of the fluid-structure interaction phenomena involved in cardiac valves. From a methodological standpoint, special focus is placed on unfitted mesh methods that guarantee accuracy without compromising computational complexity. An essential aspect is ensuring mass conservation across the fluid-structure interface. An extension of the unfitted mesh Nitsche-XFEM method reported in Alauzet et al. (2016) to three dimensions is first pro- posed, addressing both fully and partially intersected fluid domains. To achieve this, a robust general tessellation algorithm has been developed without relying on black-box mesh generators. Additionally, a novel approach for enforcing continuity in partially intersected domains is introduced. However, in situations involving contact phenomena with multiple interfaces, the computational implementation becomes exceedingly complex, particularly in 3D. Subsequently, an innovative low-order fictitious domain method is introduced, which mitigates inherent mass conservation issues arising from continuous pressure approximation by incorporating a single velocity constraint. A comprehensive a priori error analysis for a Stokes problem with a Dirichlet constraint on an immersed interface is provided. Finally, this fictitious domain approach is formulated within a fluid-structure interaction framework with general thin-walled solids and successfully applied to simulate the dynamics of the aortic valve
Astorino, Matteo. "Interaction Fluide-Structure dans le Système Cardiovasculaire. Analyse Numérique et Simulation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845352.
Full textGassa, Narimane. "Méthodes numériques pour la résolution de problèmes cliniques en électrophysiologie cardiaque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0045.
Full textCardiovascular disease is the world’s leading cause of death. They represent a group of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias and valvular disease, among others. Ectopic arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), involve abnormal electrical impulses that disrupt the regular rhythm of the heart, leading to premature contractions. While occasional PVCs may be benign, frequent or complex occurrences can indicate underlying heart issues. Understanding and addressing cardiac arrhythmias are crucial for managing cardiovascular health and preventing more severe complications. Therefore, there’s a need for accurate diagnostic tools and targeted interventions, such as cardiac ablations, to address these conditions effectively. Our research is focused on the field of heart electrophysiology, where we employ multiscale mathematical models from ion channels via cells to tissues and organs. The prime objective is to leverage numerical methods in order to improve patient care in cardiac medicine, specifically for the non-invasive characterization of ectopic arrhythmias. For this purpose, we delved into the study of electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI), a well-established technique that has evolved over the years and shows significant potential to advance safe cardiac mapping. Despite its limitations, some of which we have also investigated, ECGI remains a valuable tool in our exploration of improved mapping methods. In our pursuit of more innovative and accurate solutions, we introduced a novel approach that shifts from the conventional ECGI methodology offering a more tailored and patientspecific workflow. This new method revolves around the use of personalized propagation models with a trade-off between good accuracy and computational efficiency making it feasible for the workflow to be integrated into a clinical time frame
Tanné, David. "Déterminants hémodynamiques de l'hypertension pulmonaire et de la thromboembolie suite au remplacement valvulaire mitral : étude in-vitro sur un simulateur atrio-ventriculaire gauche et pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26014/26014.pdf.
Full textMitral valve diseases induce left atrial pressure or volume overload. The resulting increase of left atrial pressure, in turn, leads to secondary abnormalities, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism. Therefore, the main goals of mitral valve replacement are to restore the valvular hemodynamics and to normalize the secondary abnormalities. The general objective of this thesis is to better understand the complex interactions between the valve substitute, the intra-atrial flow patterns, and the pulmonary circulation. We, therefore, developed a new in-vitro pulsed atrio-ventricular mock circulatory system to investigate these interactions. The setup is based on the perfect synchronization between the contractions and relaxations of the two cardiac cavities, which are mimicked by two silicone moulds. Two pumps, real time servo-controlled, allow the double rigid and synchronized activations of the moulds, and the control of left atrial and left ventricular volumes. A Windkessel model is used as the pulmonary circulation and a third pump mimick the right ventricular ejection. Pressure-volume curves of the cardiac cavities and aortic and pulmonary impedances, measured in-vitro, are totally concordant with the cardiac physiology, except the amplitude of the left atrial pressure which remains too elevated. The anatomical shape of the left atrial mould includes the four pulmonary veins and the left atrial appendage. This realistic geometry allows flow patterns very closed to those observed in-vivo. Their visualization is performed using multi-planes three components particle image velocimetry, associated with an automatic mask generation. Using a numerical approach, we investigated the impact of mitral prosthesis-patient mismatch on left atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures. The numerical model was used to validate the cut-off values of indexed effective orifice areas generally used to define the presence and the severity of prosthesis-patient mismatch in the clinical setting. With the use of the mock circulatory system, we showed that the effective orifice area of mitral prostheses may exhibit variations of ±30% during diastole, which contradicts the previous hypothesis stating that this variable remains constant during this period. Finally, we described the positive impact of the mechanical mitral prosthetic valve regurgitation on thrombogenesis, similarly to mitral insufficiency, to the expense of an increase of the pulmonary arterial pressure. The new knowledge and the new experimental setup presented in this thesis may prove to be useful to optimize the design of mitral prosthetic valves and the performance of mitral valve replacement.
Evin, Morgane. "Caractérisation de la fonction hémodynamique suite au remplacement valvulaire mitral. Etude in-vitro." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4123.
Full textThis PhD work is divided into four different parts. the first part concerns the hemodynamic characterization by in-vitro cardiovascular testing of mitral valvular prosthesis from different manufacturers in order to provide reference values for clinical diagnosis. The second part focus on bi leaflet mechanical heart valve in each pressure recovery resulting of flow through the three orifices could lead to an overestimation of transvalvular pressure gradient. This could create ambigious assessment in case of high value of transvalvular pressure gradient. This part aims to quantify this pressure recovery and identify the influence of dysfunction (leaflet obstruction or patient prosthesis mismatch) on this value. Third part consists in valve-in-valve procedure in which a transcatheter valve is impllanted in a failled bioprosthesis. It provides in vitro testing, first globally, of assemblies composed of SAPIEN Edwards prostheses in different manufacturers' bioprosthesis.As highlighted in the previous parts inflows of the mitral prostheses can not be considered as plane and results of left atrium flow patterns. The last part studies the left atrium flow following mitral valve replacement
Alleau, Thibaut. "Development of a numerical platform to model the mitral valve." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2649.
Full textMitral insufficiency is the first valvular disease worldwide, with a 2% prevalence. When open-heartsurgery is impossible for the patient, surgeons use percutaneous devices to help the mitral leaflets coapt. However, the only device currently available is based on the edge-to-edge mitral valve repair technique. This type of implant is not adapted for patients suffering from functional mitral insufficiency, where the ventricle is responsible for the lack of coaptation of the leaflets. This thesis aims to provide a numerical platform to help the development of a mitral valve implant adapted for those patients. Several mitral valve geometries were created from a parametric model using anatomical measurements. Finite element simulations of the mitral valve were performed using ADINA to determine the valve closure under constant pressure. Several material models were developed in large strain and large deformation to model the valve closure accurately. Pathological behaviour such as annulus dilatation and chordae rupture were modelled, and several methods were tested to implement medical devices. Fluid-structure interaction of a 2D mitral valve was obtained using an ALE description and a monolithic coupling approach. Both the systole and the diastole were reproduced and studied, and the hermetic seal of the valve was detailed. The numerical platform developed is suited to model mitral valve function and can be used to help the development of mitral implants. In addition, the parametric geometry model and the anisotropic material model will be useful to depict with realism the valve function. A 3D fluid-structure interaction of the mitral valve could be developed
Defontaine, Antoine. "Modélisation multirésolution et multiformalisme de l'activité électrique cardiaque." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121024.
Full textLes notions de cardiologie et d'électrophysiologie ainsi qu'une synthèse de modèles du système cardiovasculaire sont présentées dans la partie 1.
La partie 2 reprend les contributions du travail qui concernent:
– la proposition d'un cadre formel à la modélisation prenant en compte les exigences de la multirésolution et une volonté de structuration des outils utilisés pour une meilleure portabilité;
– la proposition d'une librairie générique de modélisation et simulation multiformalisme développée sous forme objet et permettant une définition standardisée des modèles et simulateurs;
– l'intérêt de la librairie est illustré sur des applications physiologiques et cliniques.
Un chapitre prospectif et présentant une réflexion pour une considération multirésolution clôt ce mémoire et ouvre des perspectives intéressantes.
Harmouche, Mazid. "Modèle électrique de collatéralité coronarienne : amélioration de l'outil de simulation d'élargissement du panel de patients." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B009/document.
Full textBypass grafting is performed to obtain myocardial reperfusion. Coronary artery diseases induce the development of a coronary collateral circulation. However, developed collaterals are a risk factor for restenosis. We study the case of severe coronary diseases. We proposed a model based on hydraulic/electric analogy. The simulations allow to know the pressures and flow rates with the hope that these computations will augment the surgeons experience. The reductions of the stenosed arteries were estimated from angiographic observations. Flow rates are measured with a flowmeter.In the biomechanical model of this coronary network, the capillaries are represented by their hydraulic resistances. Full resolution of the fluid mechanics equations in such a network is complicated, reason why we used an analog electrical model. In the electrical model, each segment of the coronary artery is simulated by an equivalent analog circuit model. Our coronary artery system was modeled in the presence of bypasses. In this hydraulic/electric analogy, pressure and flow rate correspond to electrical voltage and current. The so-called coronary wedge pressure Pw (pressure distal to the thrombosis) is proportional to collateral flow to this area. An index based on pressure measurements has been proposed. This index is called Collateral Flow Index (CFI). However, the relationship between the collateral flow and the Pw value is not simple. That’s why we developed another CFI and demonstrated that the proposed new pressure based index of collateral flow is more sensitive to the variations of the values of the pressure distal to the thrombosis and could thus describe the role of collateral flow. Moreover, this new index is likely to reflect the balance between the two pressure drops: (Pw- Pv) driving the flow distal to the thrombosis and (Pao- Pw), driving the collateral flow. We also studied the flow rate toward the right heart territory and demonstrated that the influence of capillary and collateral resistances cannot be analyzed separately. We also analysed the most important factors that determine the right territory perfusion using a mathematical analysis which confirmed that the CFI does not fully reflect the flow rate delivered to the occluded territory. In particular, the capillary and collateral resistances are demonstrated to have a major influence on the perfusion of the right occluded territory. Even if the CFI may be improved by a more appropriate combination of the measured pressure values, collateral flow and microvascular status determination in patients with three-vessel disease remains a challenge. Another part of this work integrated seven new patients. Simulated profiles of flow rates and pressures were obtained in case of fixed and variable resistances. The last part was dedicated to the study of the Fractional Flow Reserve. Our model is now used to evaluate the functionality of the coronary circulation after revascularization
This, Alexandre. "Image/Model Fusion for the Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation Severity." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS384.
Full textThe regular supply of nutrients and oxygen to the organs is ensured by the regular contraction of the heart, a major organ of the cardiovascular system. As a result of certain cardiac diseases, cardiac valves may not function properly, which can lead to a retrograde flow of blood. In the case of the mitral valve, located between the left ventricle and the left atrium, it is referred to as mitral regurgitation. It is necessary to quantify the severity of mitral regurgitation in order to propose an appropriate treatment. In the first part of this document, a 3D mathematical model of cardiac hemodynamics is developed and integrates a mitral regurgitation model. We will also take the opportunity to model the isovolumetric phases of the heart. A relatively accurate model of cardiac hemodynamics, but nevertheless reasonable in term of numerical complexity, is thus obtained at the end of this first part. The second part of this document describes the strategy adopted to allow the fusion of medical images with the numerical simulations. An automatic method allowing the personalization of the mathematical model developed in the first part of the manuscript, based on medical images, is presented, allowing a systematic evaluation of the PISA method. Finally, as the methods presented are still too expensive from a numerical point of view, we conclude with the presentation of a blood flow reconstruction method combining Color Doppler images with physical constraints related to blood incompressibility